A food pyramid delivers three important messages: Variety: The fact that the pyramid contains several blocks tells you that no single food gives you all the nutrients you need. Moderation: Having blocks smaller than others tells you that although every food is valuable, some — such as fats and sweets — are best consumed in small amounts. Balance: You can’t build a pyramid with a set of identical blocks. Blocks of different sizes show that a healthful diet is balanced: the right amount from each food group. 1/22/2014 H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST, AIILSG Ahmedabad 1
Transcript
A food pyramid delivers three important messages: Variety: The fact that the pyramid contains several blocks tells you that no single food gives you all the nutrients you need. Moderation: Having blocks smaller than others tells you that although every food is valuable, some — such as fats and sweets — are best consumed in small amounts. Balance: You can’t build a pyramid with a set of identical blocks. Blocks of different sizes show that a healthful diet is balanced: the right amount from each food group.
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AIILSG Ahmedabad 1
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NUTRITION Require for different Age group
• Good health comes from eating a variety of foods and choosing to eat wisely throughout the life span.
• while considering your nutritional needs, your sex, age, weight, and health status are also important.
• The following natural stages require to have different nutritional needs: – Infancy – Preschool Years- Age 1 to 5 – School-Age Children- Age 6 to 12 – Teen Agers- Age 13 to 19 – Adulthood – Pregnancy and Breastfeeding – Older Adulthood
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INFANCY:
• A rapid growth period for an infant.
• A baby triples his or her weight during the first year and grows taller by 50 percent.
• Proper nourishment for infants can provide a healthy start of life.
• Breast milk contains just the right balance of nutrients.
• Also provides the infant with antibodies to fight some common childhood illnesses.
• Decreases the risk of food allergies.
• Breast milk is also easy for the baby to digest.
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• Mothers who cannot or choose not to breastfeed, can give nourishment to their infants with bottle feeding of commercial formulas.
• Careful preparation is required for each feeding,
• and formulas must be stored safely.
• Most nutrition experts recommend that solid food should not be started until after 4-6 month.
• Even if solid foods are started, breast milk or formula should continue to be included in a baby’s diet for at least 1 year.
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• The solid foods like boiled, cooked and mashed cereals, fruits and vegetables are easiest for babies to digest.
• Try to feed your child at regular intervals, while your child is hungry.
Preschool Years- Age 1 to 5
• As babies become toddlers, a child should be eating foods from each of the food groups represented in the Food Guide Pyramid.
• Do not expect to eat a completely balanced diet every day.
• Dietary fat and cholesterol are important for their growth.
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• After age 2, children can begin to consume fats in moderation just as the rest of the family does.
• This type of diet includes grain foods, vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy products, lean meats, and their substitutes.
• Small amounts of various foods eaten frequently over the course of the day as a snack are healthful and normal.
• Reference publication: “National Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding” Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Women and Child Development ( Food and Nutrition Board), GoI, New Delhi
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• School-Age Children- Age 6 to 12 • By early school age, a child should be established
with – healthful eating habits and – regular physical activity to maintain a healthful
weight. – A normal school-age child will gain weight and the
height will increase. – During the school-age years that the guidance of
parents is especially important to formulating good nutrition habits.
– Eating foods that are low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates and fiber is important, include fruit, vegetables, bread or some other form of starch, a meat or other protein, and low-fat milk.
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• If a child participates in vigorous physical activity, more calories may be needed.
• If a child eats more calories than are burned, the weights will add up.
• A higher than desirable weight at this age, can increase the risk for later health problems, such as – diabetes,
– high blood pressure, and
– increased blood cholesterol or triglyceride values.
• Stop or slow the rate of weight gain and
• allow height (growth) to catch up.
• Provide healthful foods in lesser amounts.
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Teen Agers- Age 13 to 19: • The teen years and the arrival of puberty
• the second period of remarkable growth
• A period of profound development
• important nutritional implications
• requirements increase for energy and all nutrients
• On average, boys 11 to 14 years old need to have approximately 2,500 calories per day
• From age 15 to 18, daily calorie requirements increase to 2,800 calories
• Teenage girls also require more calories, 2,200 calories a day.
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• Eat the food with the complex carbohydrates found at the bottom of the Food Guide Pyramid.
• During teenage, good to have 3 servings of calcium-rich foods a day (milk, yogurt, cheese, certain vegetables) to make certain that needs are met for growing bones.
• Iron is also important to the expanding volume of blood in the body and for increasing muscle mass
• Teenage girls can be at risk for a shortage of iron as a result of iron loss through menstruation
• To ensure ample dietary iron, encourage teens to eat fish, poultry (especially dark meat), red meat, eggs, legumes, potatoes, broccoli, rice, and iron-enriched grain products
• Encourage healthful snacks such as fresh fruits and raw vegetables, low-fat yogurt, low-fat milk, whole-grain bread, popcorn, pretzels, and cereals.
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Adulthood:
• The adult body is dynamic, changing
• what was a good diet for you in your second or third decade of life may no longer be a good fit at age 50 or 60
• Your body converts the food you eat into energy—slows
• you gradually need less food for a similar activity level
• Fewer calories are needed as you grow older
• A balanced diet with moderation ensures proper intake of vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and other nutrients, which controls calories
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Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
• Women should start taking good nutrition before she becomes pregnant
• Ensure that baby get all the essential nutrients from the moment of conception
• Use of folic acid supplements can reduce the occurrence of a birth Defect
• Dietary sources of folic acid include fortified breakfast cereals and enriched grain products, leafy green vegetables, oranges and grapefruit, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, and other cooked dried beans
• Even if you eat a well-balanced diet, prenatal vitamins are recommended
• Make sure that your diet provides the best nutrition possible for you and your unborn baby.
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• Expecting mother need about 300 extra calories per day beyond your normal diet
• Eat foods such as lean meat, low- or no-fat dairy products, and dark green vegetables which provide vitamins, minerals, and protein
• Dairy products and calcium-fortified foods will be useful to meet your need for calcium, a crucial mineral during pregnancy
• Sufficient amounts of iron is require as – at birth, – a newborn baby needs enough stored iron to last for
the first 6 months of life.
• Once a baby is born, the mother who chooses to breastfeed still needs extra calories—typically about 500 calories per day.
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Older Adulthood: • Maintaining a healthful diet into older adulthood
can be a challenge • Tooth loss or mouth pain can further complicate
the act of eating • As people become older, they need fewer calories
than they did when they were younger • Decline in calorie intake means that you need the
food that is rich in nutrients • Follow the basics of the Food Guide Pyramid as
you get older: – heavy on the grain foods, fruits, and vegetables;
adequate meats and dairy products; – light on the fats, oils, and sweets and – if required supplementation with vitamins is needed.
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What are the benefits of Functional Foods?
Functional foods and nutraceuticals provide an opportunity to improve the human health, reduce health care costs and support economic development in rural communities.
Food scientists and consumers realize the many health benefits of functional foods.
Functional foods contain ingredients that aid specific body function and improve our health and well-being.
Functional food contains nutrients that are essential to prevent diseases.
Functional foods can be effectively used as medicine to treat and prevent disease.
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Functional foods as natural health product, are often used in medicinal forms as tablets, capsules or liquid,
Also functional foods are those that resemble the traditional food, as such, but confer benefits beyond their nutritional role. A) Nutraceuticals refer to components/extracts of food and
non-food commodities taken in the medicinal form of tablet, capsule, powder, liquid.
B) Functional foods resemble the traditional foods in their look.
• but both nutraceuticals and functional food groups provide benefits beyond what is rendered by their nutrient components.
Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide means to address the increasing burden on the health care system by promoting health through prevention rather than treatment.
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Functional Foods in Health Care • Delivery Options
• Foods Fortified/ • Enhanced Foods • Supplements
• Drugs
• Purpose of Therapy Reduction of Risk Treatment of
disease
• Health Professional Low High Involvement • Individual Participation High Low • Treatment Cost Low High
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