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Nutrition and Older
Adulthood
Dessiani dwi k, s.gz
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Aging
Life expentancy isdened as theaverage length of
life for people in aspecic population
u!an lifespan isesti!ated to "ea"out #$% years
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&hese increases are due to nu!"erof factors,including i!prove!ents inliving conditions,"etter healthcare,decrease !ortality fro!infectious diseases,i!provednutritional health
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D'()N)&)ON O( A*)N*
Agingis a syndro!e of changes that aredeleterious, progressive, universal andthus far irreversi"le.
Aging da!age occurs to !olecules +DNA,proteins, lipids, to cells and to organs.
Diseases of old age +diseases whichincrease in fre-uency with age, such asarthritis, osteoporosis, heart disease,cancer, Alzhei!ers Disease, etc. areoften distinguished fro! agingper se.
http://www.benbest.com/health/cancer.htmlhttp://www.benbest.com/lifeext/Alzheimer.htmlhttp://www.benbest.com/lifeext/Alzheimer.htmlhttp://www.benbest.com/health/cancer.html7/25/2019 Nutrition and Older Adulthood
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/enuaan di!ulai se0ak kelahiran
/eru"ahan struktur tu"uh dan fungsi tu"uhyang ter0adi sela!a pertu!"uhan,
pe!atangan dan proses penuaan 1rutan dan pola peru"ahan ke arah
penuaan adalah sa!a, tapi kecepatanter0adinya penuaan "er"eda2"eda !enurut
"er"agai !aca! variasi individu.
3el dapat !e!"elah dan "erhenti "ila !ati,kecuali sel otak tidak dapat !e!"elah.
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arapan hidup didenisikan se"agaaiperkiraan !asa hidup dala! suatupopulasi.
4asa hidup !anusia diperkirakan sekitar#$% tahun.
/eningkatan harapan hidup tergantung"er"agai !aca! faktor ter!asuk
per"aikan kondisi lingkungan hidup,kesehatan yang le"ih "aik, penurunan!ortalitas dari penyakit indeksi, per"aikannutrisi.
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&heories of aging
Aging "egins at "irth
&o changes in "ody structure andfunction that occur duringgrowth,!aturation,and senescence
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&heories of aging
&he se-uence and pattern of changesin aging are !uch the sa!e,"ut therates at which these changes occur
can vary greatly a!ong individuals
5ells are a"le to divide,stop dividingwhen die
6rain tissue,special cells that do notdivide +!aintain the!selves
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&heories why we age7
#.(ree radical da!age
$.&oxic accu!ulation
8.'rrors in DNA replication 9.)!!une dysfunction
:./rogra!!ed division potential
cells !ay have a geneticallypredeter!ined potential for divisio
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Ada #% teori tentang penuaan ;
Kerusakan DNA
Radikal Bebas
Teori Mitokondria DNA
Teori Radiasi Disposable soma theory
Teori genetik
Teori imunologi
Teori apoptosis
Teori Penuaan Hormon
Teori Telomere
/ " h i l i 0 di
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/eru"ahan siologi saat ter0adiproses penuaan ;
4e!pengaruhi struktur kolagen kulit danelastisitas kulit
&er0adinya penu!pukan kesalahan factor
genetic se!asa hidup. Degenerasi 0aringan, !isalnya
"erkurangnya kecepatan kapasitas paru
dan fungsi organ lain *angguan siste! i!un, penurunan fungsi
i!un dan ter0adinya penyakit autoi!un.
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/ada dasarnya lansia di"agi !en0adi $kategori yaitu ; kelo!pok usia :#2
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'nergy
6ecause energy needs decrease,protein !ust "e o"tained fro!lowkcalorie sources of high2-uality
protein, such as lean !eats, poultry,sh, and eggs> nonfat and low2fat!ilk products> and legu!es.
Aging associated with lower activitylevels and reduced lean "ody !ass
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/rotein is especially i!portant for theelderly to support a healthy i!!unesyste! and to prevent !uscle wasting.
3o!e research suggests that currentprotein reco!!endations !ay "einade-uate
and that a daily intake of # gra! of high2-uality protein per kilogra! of "ody weightwould "e !ore appropriate for older adults.
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?ata2rata, ke"utuhan energi!enurun sekitar : persen perdekade. 3alah satu alasannya adalah
"ahwa orang2orang "iasanya!engurangi aktivitas sik !erekadengan "erta!"ahnya usia !ereka,
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@arena ke"utuhan energi !enurun, proteinharus diperoleh dari su!"er protein low2kcalorie "erkualitas tinggi, seperti daging
tanpa le!ak, unggas, ikan, dan telur> danproduk susu rendah le!ak atau "e"asle!ak> dan kacang2kacangan.
/rotein sangat penting untuk orang tua
untuk !endukung siste! keke"alan tu"uhyang sehat, !encegah atro otot, dan!engopti!alkan !assa tulang.
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Orang dewasa 1nderweight ataukekurangan gizi perlu !akanan ringanpadat protein dan energi seperti telur
re"us, ikan tuna dan kerupuk, selaikacang pada gandu! roti, dan suphangat. 4inu! for!ula nutrisi cairantara waktu !akan dapat 0uga!eningkatkan energi dan nutrisi intakes.
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@ar"ohidrat dan 3erat 3eperti "iasa,kar"ohidrat !eli!pah diperlukan untuk!elindungi protein digunakan se"agai su!"erenergi.
3u!"er kar"ohidrat ko!pleks seperti kacang2kacangan, sayuran, "i0i2"i0ian, dan "uah2"uahan 0uga kaya serat dan penting vita!in
dan !ineral. Asupan serat rata antara orangdewasa yang le"ih tua le"ih rendah darireko!endasi saat ini +#9 gra! per #%%%kcalories .
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4engonsu!si !akanan tinggi seratdan air !inu! dapat !eringankanse!"elit2kondisi u!u! di kalangan
tua orang dewasa, teruta!apenghuni panti 0o!po. Aktivitas sikdan o"at2o"atan 0uga "erkontri"usi
terhadap tingginya insiden se!"elit.
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Le!ak 3eperti halnya "agi orang2orang darisegala usia, asupan le!ak harus !oderatdala! diet !eningkatkan risiko kanker,aterosklerosis, dan penyakit degenerativelainnya.
!e!"atasi le!ak terlalu parah dapat!enye"a"kan kekurangan gizi dan penurunan"erat "adan2dua !asalah yang !e!"awa le"ih"esar risiko kesehatan pada orang tua darikele"ihan "erat "adan.
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ita!in
ita!in D in adults older ; :Bg +NA3#CC
it @ ; #BEkg 6F + higher thanadolescence
it A and ' unchanged fo!adolescence
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air
@e"utuhan cairan tinggi, na!un "anyaklansia tida !erasa haus atau takut !inu!karena khawatir ke0ilangan kontrol "uang
air
dehidrasi Lansia yg!engala!i dehidrasi ta!paknya
le"ih rentan terhadap )nfeksi saluran ke!ih,pneu!onia, ke"ingungan dan disorientasi.
1ntuk !encegah dehidrasi, orang dewasaharus !inu! setidaknya ena! gelas air perhari.
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A healthfull diet for olderadults
'at a variety of foods
(ind out co!!unity resources that canhelp the older eat "etter,includingcooking or !enu planningclass,nutrition education,!ealprogra!s
/oultry,sh, or legu!es should "eeaten regurarly,re!oving the skinfro! chicken,avoiding frying
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5alciu! supple!ent,vit D supple!ents
(ruit and vegeta"les
(i"er +grain products
3alt intake should "e li!ited A!ple Guid to prevent dehydration
*ood snacks are fresh or dried fruit
Avoid alcohol Ask phar!acist or physicians H !edicine
"alance diet H no need supple!ents
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@e"utuhan nutrisi pada lansiasesuai dengan ?DA
4engkonsu!si "er"agai !aca! !akanan
4ene!ukan ko!unitas yang dapat !enolong agar dapat!elakukan aktivitas !akan, !e!asak, !enyusun !enu,pendidikan nurisi, progra! !akan "ersa!a.
&eratur !engkonsu!si ikan, unggas, polong2polongan
6anyak !akan "uah dan sayur, serta serat, dan!e!"atasi asupan gara!
6anyak !inu!, !en0auhi alcohol
3aat !inu! o"at "erkonsultasi dengan dokter atau ahlifar!asi
/erlu selalu !en0aga diet yang sei!"ang kualitas dankuantitas.
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/ada !asa lansia diperlukan pe!antauandan dorongan dari orang sekitar agarpara lansia dapat !elakukan segala
sesuatunya dengan le"ih "aikdiantaranya dengan !e!"erikan waktu"agi lansia untuk "erku!pul dengante!an2te!an lansia serta "er"agi cerita
dengan te!an seusia sehingga hal inidapat !e!pengaruhi pola !akan yangle"ih "aik.
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