Nutrition & Excretion

NutritionPlants make their own food

Animals eat plants or catch other animals

NutrientsWhat are nutrients?

Essential substances that your body needs in order to grow and stay healthy

NutrientsSeven categories of nutrients:

CarbohydratesProteinsFatsVitaminsMineralsFibres (Roughage)Water

Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that the body uses for ENERGY!

They come from PLANTS

Carbohydrates

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Simple CarbohydratesSugars give you a quick but short BOOST of energy

Found in oranges, milk, cookies, candy

Starches are many sugars linked together

They give long-term energy.

Found in Rice, Bread, Pasta, Potato

Foods with LOTS of starch: rice, potatoes, bread, pasta, beans

Complex Carbohydrates

Protein

• Proteins are long chains of amino acids

• They are needed for Growth and Repair

• Found in meat, eggs, fish

Functions: It is a source of

ENERGY Insulate the body Found in Cheese,

butter and oil

Fat

VitaminsVitamins are important to keep your body healthy

You need only a little bit of them

Found in Fruit

MineralsMinerals are very small molecules needed for many processes in your body

Some Important MineralsCalcium Iron Iodine

Fibres (Roughage)• Important for easy defecation• Shortage causes Constipation• Found in fruits and vegetables, grains

WaterYou are made of 70-

80% WaterWithout it you will

dehydrateFound in almost

anything

Healthy diet

Healthy diet

DigestionDigestion is the

breakdown of large molecules (starch, protein, fat) into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed into your blood

It takes place in your digestive system

DigestionName the

parts

NutritionImportant follow up

Ingestion -> Digestion -> Absorption -> Egestion

After Absorption your nutrition is used in Respiration to produce ENERGY

ExcretionGetting rid of Waste

Urine contains protein-waste, salt and water

Sweat contains salt and water

Breath contains carbondioxide

Poo-ing is not Excretion but Egestion

Thank you