Canine Nucleotides

Canine Immune Support Complete

Canine Digestive Complete

Intestinal disorders in young animals

Social changes Dietary changes

Reduced consumption

Interal denutrition

Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa

Proliferation of bacteria Malabsorption

Diarrhea

Nucleotidesin animal nutrition

What are Nucleotides?

Nucleotides are considered semi-essential nutrients

They are monomeric precursor units of DNA and RNA

Their molecular composition is based on a sugar, a base, and from one to three phosphate groups.

Depending on the nature of the base are classified as

Purine Nucleotides ( ATP, GMP, IMP ) or

Pyrimidine Nucleotides ( UMP, GTP, TMP )

Nucleotides contribute to DNA synthesis as structural units and are therefore a key element in cell replication

Cell Replication

Promotion of small intestinal growth

Protection against diarrheal disease

Promotes bifidubacterium and Lactobacillus.

Enhance cellular and humoral immunity

Effects upon hepatic regeneration

( adapted from Carver & Walker, 1995 )

Repported effects of a source of avaiIable nucleotides

Endogenous synthesis or De Novo Synthesis:

* Some tissues as Bone marrow, Liver, Intestinal mucosa, immune

cells have limited capacity for de-novo synthesis.

* Metabolically expensive and difficult, in young or immune comprimissedanimals.

Sources ( I )

Salvage pathway, reprocessing from the diet:

* Vegetable ingredients commonly are poor in nucleotides

* Animal ingredients have certain nucleotides levels, but in a form ofDNA and RNA, therefore they show a low availability, especially inyoung and geriatric animals.

* Mothers Milk is rich in nucleotides with the exception of dairy cowsmilk.

Sources ( II )

Analysis of different Milk and EggsWe obtained the information about the needs of each specie analysing the mother milk and egg composition of different species and we compared this results with a high quality feedstuff.

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Purine N.

MicroMols/Kg

NucleoforceThe specific Nucleotides

Relyince has created different Nucleotide supplements designed specifically to cover the needs of Immune Support and

Digestive Health:

Nucleoforce DogsCanine Immune Support Complete

Canine Digestive Complete

• Promotion of small intestinal growth

• Enhance cellular and humoral Immunity

Main results demonstrated and published with Nucleoforce

• Health improvement and less diarrhea

• Reduction of antibiotics and resistance’s

• Reduction of mortality ratio

• Increase of the humoral and cellular immunity

Nucleotides and Immune System ( I )Nucleotides develop the immune system therefore they reinforce the intestinal mucosa defences.

a

b

Journal of Animal Science, July-2005

Nucleotides and Immune System ( II )Nucleotides promote the immune system development, as a result animals develop an earlier mature immune system.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007

b

a

Nucleotides and VaccinationsNucleotides promote the development of the immune system therefore they could improve the immune answer when the animal is vaccinated.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007

b

a

Nucleotides and Intestinal development ( I )

Nucleotides reduce post weaning villus atrophy, as a consequence, less food is undigested and the risk of diarrhea is reduced.

Livestock Science, March-2007

b

a

Nucleotides and Intestinal development ( II )

Nucleotides reduce the expression of the protein P53. The protein P53 is an indicator of the DNA enterocite damage.

Department of Physiological Sciences, Livestock Science, 2009 ( in press )

b

a

Nucleotides and the diseases ( I )Nucleotides reduces the percentage of diarrhea and the mortality in recent weaned puppies.

10th Symposium of digestive physiology in Pigs, Denmark-2006

b

a

Nucleotides and the diseases ( II )Nucleotides prevent E.coli toxicity.

Roselli et al 2007

Toxicology in Vitro, 2007

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Nucleotides + ETEC

Protective effect of nucleotides against membrane permeability increase caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli ETEC K88 on IPEC-1 cells, adapted from Roselli et al. 2007

Nucleoforce DogsSpecific Nucleotides for

Dogs

Cover the specific needs of Dogs

Supply enough nucleotide per dose

Show nucleotide availability

Basic characteristics in any Nucleotide supplement for Dogs

Basic advantages of nucleotides in Dogs

Improved immunityImproved intestinal developmentSavings on the use of antibioticsStronger animals that are more resistant to different diseases.Better answer to vaccinations

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( I )

Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

Trial Design:

A total of 14 beagle puppies weaned at 8 weeks of age were allocated to three balanced groups and fed one of the following diets: standard commercial puppy diet (control diet); control diet supplemented with a specific nucleotide formula for dogs.

One week later weaning puppies were vaccinated with an heptavalent vaccine. During the study blood samples were taken in order to analyse plasmatic concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), non-specific immunoglobulins and antibody titre against parvovirus. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulation test was also performed.

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( II )

Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

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Specific Parvovirus Ig G increase, 14 days after parvovirus vaccination on 63 d old Puppies

ControlNucleoforce

*

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( III )

Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

*

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( IV )

Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

*

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( V )

Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

*

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( VI )Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

*

More proliferation means more maturation of the immune system

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 1 ( VII )Dietary nucleotides improve the immune status ofpuppies at weaningJournal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition-2007 andAAVN 6th Annual Clinical Nutrition and Research Symposium ,ACVIM-American College of Veterinay Internal Medicine -2006

*

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 2A dietary nucleotide formula improve the immune status of dogs reciving a chemoterapy treatment10th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP).

Trial desing:

Total of 18 beagle dogs were distributed on 3 groups (N=6) and fed during 30 d with a standard commercial diet supplemented with placebo (Group C) or two nucleotide formulas (Group A y B). On day 30 all dogs received a single dose of lomustine (70 mg/m2p.o.) and cyclophosphamide (180 mg/m2p.o.)

Peripheral blood was collected by antebrachial cephalic venipunction on days 30, 37, 44, 51 and 58. Each day, 5 ml of blood were used to perform the following analyses.

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 2 ( I )A dietary nucleotide formula improve the immune status of dogs reciving a chemoterapy treatment10th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP).

a

b

c

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 2 ( II )A dietary nucleotide formula improve the immune status of dogs reciving a chemoterapy treatment10th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP).

b

aa

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 2 ( III )A dietary nucleotide formula improve the immune status of dogs reciving a chemoterapy treatment10th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP).

Limphocytes B percentages evolution. The animals were treated with lamustine and ciclophosphamide on day 30

Nucleoforce Dogs: Trial 2 ( IV )A dietary nucleotide formula improve the immune status of dogs reciving a chemoterapy treatment10th Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP) and the 8th Congress of the International Society for Animal Clinical Pathology (ISACP).

IG M levels. The animals were treated with lamustine and ciclophosphamide the day 30

Canine Immune Support Complete

Canine Digestive Complete

is recommended for:

Puppies and

Immune-depressed adult dogs

On the cutting edge of Animal Health.

Thank you for your attention