Nutritional/Metabolic Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in SheepProblems in Sheep
Nutritional/Metabolic Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in SheepProblems in Sheep
Young LambsYoung LambsYoung LambsYoung Lambs
EnterotoxemiaEnterotoxemia Clostridium perfringens type CClostridium perfringens type C
SymptomsSymptoms Sudden death in 7-21 day old Sudden death in 7-21 day old
lambslambs
Young Lambs....Young Lambs....continuedcontinuedYoung Lambs....Young Lambs....continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Booster dams in late gestationBooster dams in late gestation Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and
weaningweaning Orphan vaccinationOrphan vaccination Maximum colostrum intakeMaximum colostrum intake
Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiencydeficiency
GoiterGoiterGoiterGoiter
SymptomsSymptoms Enlarged thyroidEnlarged thyroid Poor wool coat at birthPoor wool coat at birth Low vigor/survivalLow vigor/survival
Goiter.....Goiter.....continuedcontinuedGoiter.....Goiter.....continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Iodized saltIodized salt Compensate for goitergens (kale, Compensate for goitergens (kale,
brassicas, etc.)brassicas, etc.)
Finishing LambsFinishing LambsFinishing LambsFinishing Lambs
Enterotoxemia/OvereatingEnterotoxemia/Overeating
SymptomsSymptoms Best doing lambsBest doing lambs Uncoordinated movementUncoordinated movement Rapid deathRapid death
Finishing Lambs...Finishing Lambs...continuedcontinuedFinishing Lambs...Finishing Lambs...continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Vaccination - toxoidVaccination - toxoid Bunk managementBunk management Gradual ration changesGradual ration changes AntibioticsAntibiotics
Misdiagnosed-polio and Misdiagnosed-polio and
Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumoniaVit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia
Urinary CalculiUrinary CalculiUrinary CalculiUrinary Calculi
••Wether lambs and stud ramsWether lambs and stud rams
••Several types-phosphate, Several types-phosphate, calcium, silicacalcium, silica
••Problem-concentrates are low in Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high calcium and high
in phosphorousin phosphorous
Urinary Calculi...Urinary Calculi...continuedcontinuedUrinary Calculi...Urinary Calculi...continuedcontinued
••PreventionPrevention Water intakeWater intake SaltSalt Ammonium chloride or sulfateAmmonium chloride or sulfate Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1 Add calcium to achieve 1.5:1
ratio to phosphorous ratio to phosphorous Never add phosphorousNever add phosphorous
White Muscle/Stiff Lamb White Muscle/Stiff Lamb DiseaseDiseaseWhite Muscle/Stiff Lamb White Muscle/Stiff Lamb DiseaseDiseaseSymptomsSymptoms
Stiff rear legs and arched backStiff rear legs and arched back Sudden deathSudden death Aspiration PneumoniaAspiration Pneumonia Poor suckling reflexPoor suckling reflex
White Muscle/Stiff Lamb White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...Disease...continuedcontinued
White Muscle/Stiff Lamb White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...Disease...continuedcontinued
CauseCause Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Deficiency of Vit. E and/or
SeleniumSeleniumNoteNote: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not: Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not
it is also cheapit is also cheap
High grain rations reduce Vit. E High grain rations reduce Vit. E
Newborns only source of E is milkNewborns only source of E is milk
Results - Serum E ewesResults - Serum E ewes
ConCon E-GE-G E-LE-L E-GLE-GL
PretreatmentPretreatment 1.271.27 1.261.26
Pre-lambingPre-lambing 1.511.51aa 1.911.91bb
Post-lambingPost-lambingaa .93 .93aa 1.131.13bb
Mid-lactationMid-lactation .97.97aa .95.95aa 1.281.28bb 1.371.37bb
Milk e at 3 daysMilk e at 3 days 10.810.8 15.115.1
a,b Row means with different superscripts differ a,b Row means with different superscripts differ (p<.05).(p<.05).
Results - Serum E lambsResults - Serum E lambs
ConCon E-GE-G E-LE-L E-GLE-GL
3 days3 days 1.081.08 1.081.08
28 days28 days .41.41 .38.38 1.331.33 1.331.33
Rectal ProlapseRectal ProlapseRectal ProlapseRectal Prolapse
PreventionPrevention Longer tail dockingLonger tail docking Less dusty feedLess dusty feed Prevent pneumoniaPrevent pneumonia ShearingShearing Feed some long fiberFeed some long fiber
PolioencephalomaciaPolioencephalomaciaPolioencephalomaciaPolioencephalomacia
Thiamine deficiency Thiamine deficiency
PreventionPrevention Maintain rumen healthMaintain rumen health Gradual ration changesGradual ration changes Feed some long fiberFeed some long fiber Sulpher intakeSulpher intake
Copper ToxicosisCopper ToxicosisCopper ToxicosisCopper Toxicosis
Breed SusceptibilityBreed Susceptibility
Mineral interactions-Mo & Su,Mineral interactions-Mo & Su,
along with high Zn & Caalong with high Zn & Ca
Normal copper, low molybdenumNormal copper, low molybdenum
Copper Toxicosis...Copper Toxicosis...continuedcontinuedCopper Toxicosis...Copper Toxicosis...continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Sheep specific feedsSheep specific feeds No additional copperNo additional copper Feed some MoFeed some Mo
Copper & Molybdenum Copper & Molybdenum
are both toxicare both toxic
Copper BMPSCopper BMPSCopper BMPSCopper BMPS
Sample feed deliveriesSample feed deliveries
Monitor feed delivery for appearance and Monitor feed delivery for appearance and texturetexture
Label sampleLabel sampleDate, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store Date, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store six monthssix months
Read mineral tagRead mineral tag
look for sodium molybdatelook for sodium molybdate
Sheep Mineral, KansasSheep Mineral, KansasSheep Mineral, KansasSheep Mineral, KansasGUARANTEED ANALYSISGUARANTEED ANALYSIS
CalciumCalcium 7%7%
Phos.Phos. 5%5%
SaltSalt 45%45%
SulfurSulfur 1%1%
MagnesiumMagnesium 1%1%
ZincZinc 150 PPM short150 PPM short
Iodine Iodine 125 PPM okay125 PPM okay
Cobalt Cobalt 150 PPM okay150 PPM okay
SeleniumSelenium 10 PPM super, super short10 PPM super, super short
Better mineral Better mineral Calcium not needed withCalcium not needed withPhosphorous not needed withPhosphorous not needed withHigh salt equals lower intake High salt equals lower intake levels ++levels ++
DGM:ISU:2012
DGM:ISU:2012
T.M. SALT w/ Selenium
T.M. Salt for sheepGUARANTEED ANALYSIS
Salt, min 94.00%Salt, max 95.00%Zinc, min 0.60% 6000 PPMMagnesium, min 0.52% 5200 PPMManganese, min 0.25% 2500 PPMIron, min 0.25% 2500 PPMIodine, min 0.01% 100 PPM (short)Cobalt, min 0.003% 30 PPMSelenium 90 PPM .009% max.
PPM = mg/kg
DGM:ISU:2012
INGREDIENTS
Salt, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Cobalt Carbonate, Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Sodium Molybdate.
Pregnancy ToxemiaPregnancy ToxemiaPregnancy ToxemiaPregnancy Toxemia
Cause - Excess fat catabolism and Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone accumulationketone accumulation
PreventionPrevention Over conditioned ewesOver conditioned ewes Increased conc. feeding LGIncreased conc. feeding LG Fetal scansFetal scans Pre-lambing shearingPre-lambing shearing
Pregnancy Toxemia...Pregnancy Toxemia...continuedcontinuedPregnancy Toxemia...Pregnancy Toxemia...continuedcontinued
TreatmentTreatment Propylene glycolPropylene glycol Induced parturitionInduced parturition
Severe cases usually do not recoverSevere cases usually do not recover
Grass TetanyGrass TetanyGrass TetanyGrass Tetany
HypomagnesiaHypomagnesia
Cause: excess potassiumCause: excess potassium
Lactating ewes on lush, spring Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture pasture
N fertilization increases risksN fertilization increases risks
Grass Tetany...Grass Tetany...continuedcontinuedGrass Tetany...Grass Tetany...continuedcontinued
Magnesium oxide in mineral Magnesium oxide in mineral
poor palatibility.poor palatibility.
Sudden death-confirmation by Sudden death-confirmation by necropsynecropsy
Stress inducedStress induced
Milk FeverMilk FeverMilk FeverMilk Fever
Ewes vs. Dairy CowsEwes vs. Dairy Cows
CauseCause Calcium deficiency ??Calcium deficiency ?? Stress inducedStress induced
MIlk Fever...MIlk Fever...continuedcontinuedMIlk Fever...MIlk Fever...continuedcontinued
Late gestation ewes carrying tripletsLate gestation ewes carrying triplets
SymptomsSymptoms Depressed, lethargic, recumbentDepressed, lethargic, recumbent
TreatmentTreatment Calcium gluconateCalcium gluconate Rapid responseRapid response
Wool PullingWool PullingWool PullingWool Pulling
CauseCause Inadequate dry matter intakeInadequate dry matter intake Small particle size, effective fiberSmall particle size, effective fiber Low phosphorous intakeLow phosphorous intake StarvationStarvation
Wool Pulling...Wool Pulling...continuedcontinuedWool Pulling...Wool Pulling...continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Maximum 50% concentration rationMaximum 50% concentration ration Improved feeding techniqueImproved feeding technique Offer some low quality, long forageOffer some low quality, long forage Evaluate phosphorous levelEvaluate phosphorous level
Vaginal ProlapsesVaginal ProlapsesVaginal ProlapsesVaginal Prolapses
CausesCauses Overfeeding roughageOverfeeding roughage GeneticsGenetics Short docksShort docks Fat ewesFat ewes
Vaginal Prolapses...Vaginal Prolapses...continuedcontinuedVaginal Prolapses...Vaginal Prolapses...continuedcontinued
PreventionPrevention Feed higher quality roughage in LGFeed higher quality roughage in LG Restrict roughage in rationRestrict roughage in ration
esp. for ewe lambs esp. for ewe lambs Adequate bunk spaceAdequate bunk space Prevent obesity in ewesPrevent obesity in ewes Cull problemsCull problems
ListeriaListeriaListeriaListeria
BMP, listeriaBMP, listeriaBMP, listeriaBMP, listeria
Corn silageCorn silage
feed adequate amountsfeed adequate amounts
correctly stored and harvestedcorrectly stored and harvested
DirtDirt
Tub grinderTub grinder
Rotten feed-FeedlotRotten feed-Feedlot
SummarySummarySummarySummary
Common sense eliminates most disorders
Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders
Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing