NW01 - Fundamentals of EtherNet/IP Network Technology

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PUBLIC INFORMATION

Fundamentals of EtherNet/IP™ Network Technology


Agenda

3

OSI Layers 1–7

OSI Reference Model

EtherNet/IP™ – Single Industrial Network Technology

Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures

Additional Information


Industrial Applications ConvergenceIndustrial Network Trends

5

Controller

Drive Network

Safety Network

I/O Network

Plant/Site Network

Disparate Network Technology

Information I/O, DriveControl

SafetyApplications

ProcessPower

Control

Multi-discipline Industrial Network Convergence

HighAvailability

EnergyManagement

Safety I/O

Single IndustrialNetwork Technology

Camera

Controller

VFDDrive

HMI

I/OPlant/Site

Instrumentation


Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology

6

Multi-discipline Industrial Network Convergence

Process ControlDiscrete ControlInformation TechnologyIntelligent Motor Control

Convergence of Industrial Automation Technology (IAT)

with Information Technology (IT)


EtherNet/IP: “IP” - Industrial ProtocolSingle Industrial Network Technology

7

ODVA Supported by global industry leaders such as Cisco Systems®,

Omron, Schneider Electric®, Bosch Rexroth AG,

Endress+Hauser and Rockwell Automation®

Conformance and Performance Testing

Standard IEEE 802.3 - standard Ethernet, Precision Time Protocol (IEEE-1588)

IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force, standard Internet Protocol (IP)

ODVA - Common Industrial Protocol (CIP™)

IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission – IEC 61158

IT Friendly and Future-Ready (Sustainable)

Multi-discipline control and information platform

Established - products, applications and vendors

www.odva.org

What’s the difference? EtherNet/IP EtherNet/IP

http://www.odva.org/


Single Industrial Network TechnologyOSI 7-Layer Reference Model

9

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Network Services to User App

Encryption/Other processing

Manage Multiple Applications

Reliable End-to-End DeliveryError Correction

Packet Delivery, Routing

Framing of Data, Error Checking

Signal type to transmit bits,pinouts, cable type

CIPIEC 61158

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1

TIA - 1005

Routers

Switches

Cabling

Layer Name Layer No. Function Examples

What makes EtherNet/IP industrial?

Physical Layer

Hardening

Infrastructure Device

Hardening

Common Application

Layer Protocol

5-Layer TCP/IP Model

CIPIEC 61158

Open Systems Interconnection


Coexistence Interoperability

OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack

10

TIA - 1005

CIP

Modbus TCP

IEC 61850

HTTP

RTP

Coexistence

Function

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer NameLayer No.

Data Link

Physical

Layer 2

Layer 1



11

Application - CIP Layer 7 Application - CIP

Presentation - Null Layer 6 Presentation - Null

Session – Null Layer 5 Session - Null

Transport – TCP/UDP Layer 4 Transport – TCP/UDP

Network – IP Layer 3 Network - IP

Data Link - Ethernet Layer 2 Data Link - Ethernet

Physical - Ethernet Layer 1 Physical - Ethernet

Sender Receiver

DecapsulationEncapsulation


Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer NameLayer No.

Data Link

Physical

Layer 2

Layer 1


12

TIA - 1005

CIP

Encapsulation Decapsulation

Studio 5000®RSLinx® Classic

ControlLogix®Function

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1


OSI Reference ModelProtocol Stack Example - Encapsulation

13

CIPTCP Header Segment

CIPTCPIP Header Packet

CIPTCPIPEnet Header Frame

Physical LayerEthernet Frame is sent out the PHY

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer NameLayer No.

Data Link

Physical

Layer 2

Layer 1

CIP PayloadEncaps

The Ethernet message structure is a concatenation of protocols EtherNet/IP™ defines an Encapsulation protocol that sets up the TCP resources


OSI Reference ModelPhysical Layer Independent

14

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1 Copper

CIP

Physical Layer Independent

Layer NameLayer No. Function

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1


IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1

OSI Reference ModelPhysical Layer Independent

15

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1Physical Layer

Independent

CIP


Fiber

Data Link

Physical


IEEE802.3

Fiber

IEEE802.11

Wi-Fi

IETF TCP/UDP

OSI Reference ModelData Link Layer Independent

16

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

CIP

Data Link LayerIndependent


Standard IP provides Portability and seamless Routing

IETF IP


OSI Reference ModelOpen Systems Interconnection

17

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Vendor Specific

Vendor Specific


IE Protocol

Data Link

Physical

Layer 2

Layer 1

IEEE802.3/802.1

TIA - 1005

Limits Portability and Routability,

May require additional assets

to forward information throughout

the plant-wide / site-wide architecture


OSI Reference ModelOpen Systems Interconnection

18

Vendor Specific

Vendor Specific

Function

IE Protocol

Vendor Specific

TIA - 1005

Non-standard Ethernet,

will require additional assets

to connect into

the plant-wide/site-wide architecture

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer NameLayer No.

Data Link

Physical

Layer 2

Layer 1


OSI Reference ModelNetwork Independent

19

Layer 7

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Layer No.

NetworkIndependent


OSI 7-Layer Reference ModelSingle Industrial Network Technology

20

Similar sounding network devices, services and terms exist at Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) – for example, Connections, QoS, Resiliency, Security

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Network Services to User App

Encryption/Other processing

Manage Multiple Applications

Reliable End-to-End DeliveryError Correction

Packet Delivery, Routing

Framing of Data, Error Checking

Signal type to transmit bits,pinouts, cable type

CIPIEC 61158

IETF TCP/UDP

IETF IP

IEEE802.3/802.1

TIA - 1005

Routers

Switches

Cabling

Layer Name Layer No. Function Examples

CIPIEC 61158

Open Systems Interconnection


Layer 1 – Physical LayerAlliances

21

Design and implement a robust physical layer

Environment Classification - MICE

More than cable Connectors

Patch panels

Cable management

Noise mitigation Grounding, Bonding and Shielding

Standard Physical Media Wired vs. Wireless

Copper vs. Fiber

UTP vs. STP

Singlemode vs. Multimode

SFP – LC vs. SC

Standard Topology Choices Switch-Level and Device-Level

Cable SelectionENET-WP007

Industrial Ethernet Physical Infrastructure Reference

Architecture Design Guide

ODVA Guide

Fiber GuideENET-TD003

21

http://www.panduit.com/Solutions/IndustrialAutomation/index.htm

http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/Publications_Numbered/PUB00148R0_EtherNetIP_Media_Planning_and_Installation_Manual.pdf

http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/td/enet-td003_-en-e.pdf


Layer 1 – Physical LayerMedia

22


Layer 1 – Physical Layer

23

Responsible for converting a frame, Layer 2 output, into signals to be transmitted over the physical

network (electrical, light, RF)

It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables,

cards and physical aspects.

LAN or WAN Physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors

Ethernet examples: 100Base-TX, 100Base-SX, 100Base-FX,

1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX

Other PHY examples: RS-232

T1, E1

ISDN

802.11


Layer 1 - Physical Layer Auto-negotiation vs. Manual Settings

24

Pulses detect Link speed

and integrity

(10/100/1000)

Negotiate Full/Half Duplex

Negotiate optional

features (like MDIX)


Layer 1 - Physical Layer Auto-Negotiation vs. Manual Settings - Summary

25

Choice of auto-negotiation or manual settings for speed and duplex is often driven by customer

standards and policies

Duplex mismatch is a common source of network performance issues Auto-negotiation failure on a 100 Mbps copper link defaults to half-duplex mode

Auto-negotiation failure on a 1 Gbps copper link defaults to full-duplex mode

CPwE Reference Architectures Recommendations Be consistent

Do not mix auto-negotiation and manual settings between ports on the same link

Always verify speed and duplex using the tools that you have

Auto-negotiation of speed and duplex is recommended for:

On ports between switches and EtherNet/IP devices

Manual setting of speed and duplex is recommended for:

Use fiber media and SFPs for all inter-switch links

On ports (copper link) between infrastructure devices such as switches and routers

On ports between switches and servers


Layer 1 – Physical LayerEN2TR Example

26

RSLinx® ClassicModule Configuration

EN2TR web pageNetwork Settings

RSLogix™ 5000 EN2TR Properties


Layer 1 – Physical LayerInfrastructure – Active Devices

27

A repeater recreates the incoming signal and retransmits it without noise or distortion that may have affected the signal as it was transmitted down the cable.

Repeaters were available on legacy Ethernet to increase the overall length of the network and allow additional nodes to be added.


Layer 1 – Physical LayerInfrastructure – Active Devices - Media Converters

28

Fiber link

Fiber link

Use Caution!

Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP)


Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology - Linear

29

LinearDevice-Level

LinearSwitch-Level

Layer 2 Access Link

Layer 2 Interswitch Link/802.1Q Trunk

Layer 3 Link

Layer 2 Access SwitchStratix 5700™/Stratix 8000™

Multi-Layer SwitchLayer 2 and Layer 3Stratix 8300™, Stratix 5700™

Layer 3 RouterStratix 5900™

Layer 2 BridgeStratix 5100™ as WGB


Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology – Star and Redundant Star

30

Star Redundant Star


Layer 1 – Physical Layer Topology - Ring

31

Ring

Device-Level Ring

Switch-Level


Layer 2 – Data Link802.3/802.1 – Ethernet – Local Area Network (LAN)

32

Standard Ethernet frames

Short frame - 64 bytes = 512 bits

Long frame - 1518 bytes = 12144 bits

MAC (802.3) lower sublayer controls how a device on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.

Ethernet Media Access: CSMA/CD

Layer 2 Examples:

LAN - 802.3, 802.5, 802.11

WAN – HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, EoMPLS (service providers)

Layer 2 Protocols and Services Examples

QoS – Quality of Service

VLAN – Virtual Local Area Network

Resiliency and Security

Data (Payload) FCSSADASFD Type/Len

Ethernet Frame

Pre


Layer 2 – Data LinkHardware Addressing

33

All devices on Ethernet communicate using the Ethernet address for the device. This address is

sometimes referred to as the “hardware”, “burned-in (BIA)” or “MAC address” (MAC stands for Media

Access Controller)

The hardware address is a unique (in the world) 6-byte (48 bits) address that is embedded in the

circuitry of every device that sits on an Ethernet network. First 3 bytes identify a specific vendor.

Every vendor of Ethernet products obtains their own unique address range - organizationally unique

identifier (OUI) Allen-Bradley® is 00:00: BC:XX:XX:XX and 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX

Representations - 00:00:BC:03:52:A9, 00-00-BC-03-52-A9, 0000.BC03.52A9

Note that each digit of the MAC address is a hex number (range 0-F)

http://www.techzoom.net/tools/check-mac.en

MAC Decoder




Layer 2 – Data LinkLAN Transmission Methods

34

Unicast A method by which a frame is sent to a single destination.

Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single frame to be passed to a selected subset of possible

destinations.

Example: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC (Cisco Discovery Protocol – CDP)

Broadcast A frame delivery system that delivers a given frame to all hosts on the LAN.

FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

Examples – ARP, DHCP


Layer 2 - Data LinkBridging

35

A bridge is a device that isolates traffic between segments by selectively forwarding frames to their

proper destination. It is transparent to the network and protocol independent

Similar to the repeater, the bridge isn’t used much any more, but more advanced devices that perform

the bridging function are commonly used

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet Token Ring

AccessPoint

Work Group Bridge

Bridge

Bridge

Ethernet Ethernet

EtherNet/IP DeviceNetBridge

Layer 2

Layer 3 Layer 7


Layer 2 - Data LinkL2 Switching

36

Layer 2 Switch - Multi-port Bridge

Examples - Stratix 5700™, Stratix 8000™ and Stratix 6000™

All ports are in the same broadcast domain

Forwards frames that are based on the destination MAC address

and a MAC table

CAM Table – content addressable memory Learns a device location by examining source address

Sends out all ports when destination address is broadcast, multicast, or

unknown address

Forwards and filters when destination is located on different interface

Managed switches provide Layer 2 features, such as

segmentation (VLAN tag), security, QoS, resiliency, and so forth

1

68

LAN

Controller

HMI

Drive I/O


Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching – Embedded Switch Technology

37

2-port Embedded Switch

Port 1 Port 2

Linear Device-level Topology

Ring Device-level Topology


Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching – Embedded Switch Technology

38

Note that the ControlLogix® and CompactLogix™ L4x platforms can support multiple network

interface cards (NICs) to segment network traffic. However, the CompactLogix 5370 platform is not

capable of this method of network segmentation. The two ports of the CompactLogix 5370 PAC are

part of an embedded switch, not a dual NIC.

ENxTR ENxT’s

= ≠PHY PHY

= ≠

CompactLogix™ 5370 ControlLogix® ControlLogix®


Layer 2 - Data LinkSwitching Options

39

• Industrial versus COTS - Panel and DIN Rail Mounting vs. Table and Rack (for example, 1RU)

• Managed versus Unmanaged

Advantages Disadvantages

Managed Switches

Unmanaged

Switches

ODVA Embedded

Switch Technology

Loop prevention

Security services

Diagnostic information

Segmentation services (VLANs)

Prioritization services (QoS)

Network resiliency

Multicast management services

Inexpensive

Simple to set up

More expensive

Requires some level of support and configuration to start up

No loop prevention

No security services

No diagnostic information

No segmentation or prioritization services

Difficult to troubleshoot

No network resiliency support

Cable simplification with reduced cost

Ring loop prevention and Network resiliency

Prioritization services (QoS)

Time Sync Services (IEEE 1588 PTP Transparent Clock)

Diagnostic information

Multicast management services

Limited management capabilities

May require minimal configuration


Layer 2 – Data LinkEN2TR Example

40

EN2TR web pageMAC Address

EN2TR web pageEthernet Statistics

RSLinx® ClassicEN2TR DiagnosticsEthernet Statistics


Layer 2 – Data LinkEtherNet/IP™ Is Standard

41

MAC addressing - 00:00:BC:XX:XX:XX & 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX

Transmission types: unicast, multicast and broadcast

Ethertype Common – for example, IPv4, ARP

ODVA embedded switch beacon for DLR - Ethertype - 0x08E1

Layer 2 services example QoS – CoS

Data (Payload) FCSSADASFD Type/Len

Ethernet Frame

Pre


Layer 3 – NetworkInternet Protocol (IP) Packet

42

This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, which are known as

virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node

Routing and forwarding are functions of this Layer, and addressing, and internetworking.

IP Address (host, network), Subnet Mask, Default Gateway

Layer 3 Protocol Examples: ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol

IPsec – Internet Protocol Security

IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol

Routed protocol vs. Routing Protocol vs. Router Redundancy

Layer 3 Services Examples QoS – Quality of Service, Resiliency, Security

ID Offset TTL Proto HCS IP SA IP DA DataLenVersion

/Len ToSByte

IPv4 Packet


Layer 3 – Network – IPv4 and IPv6

43

IPv4 32 binary (0-1) digits, 32 bits, four 8-bit fields (octets), dotted-decimal notation (DDN) 4,294,467,295 possible

addressable nodes

Example:

192.168.1.1

IPv6 32 hex (0-F) digits, 128 bits, eight 16-bit hexadecimal fields that are separated by colons (:)

3.4 * 1038 possible addressable nodes

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

5 * 1028 addresses per person (6.5 billion people)

Example:

2001:0DB8:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210


Layer 3 – Network – IPv4 and IPv6

44

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

340 Undecillion 1036

282 Decillion 1033

366 Nonillion 1030

920 Octillion 1027

938 Septillion 1024

463 Sextillion 1021

463 Quintillion 1018

374 Quadrillion 1015

607 Trillion 1012

431 Billion 109

768 Million 106

211 Thousand 103

456 100


Layer 3 – Network – IPv4LAN Transmission Methods

45

Unicast A method by which a packet is sent to a single destination

Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single packet to be passed to a selected subset

of possible destinations

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

EtherNet/IP™ IP Multicast Address Range: 239.192.0.0 - 239.195.255.255

Broadcast A packet delivery system that delivers a given packet to all hosts on the LAN

255.255.255.255


Layer 3 – NetworkInternet Protocol Address

46

Fixed or assigned from a pool?

What type of server? If assigning from a pool

Unique Network Identity

Resolves Hostnames to IP addresses on the network

“User-Friendly” Name to identify a node on the network

46


Option Description Advantages Disadvantages

Static

Hardware

Devices that are hard coded with an IP

AddressSimple to commission and replace

In large environments, can be burdensome to maintain

Limited ranged of IP addresses and subnet

Not all devices support

Static via BOOTP

Configuration

Server assigns devices IP addresses

Precursor to DHCPSupported by every device

Requires technician to configure IP address/MAC address

when a device is replaced

Adds complexity and point of failure

DHCPServer assigns IP addresses from a

pool (NOT RECOMMENDED for

industrial devices)

Efficient use of IP address range

Can reduce administration work

load

More complex to implement and adds a point of failure

Devices get different IP addresses when they reboot

DHCP Option 82Server assigns consistent IP

addresses from a pool (NOT

RECOMMENDED)

Efficient use of IP Address range

Can reduce administration work

load

More complex to implement and adds a point of failure

Mixed environments may not work

DHCP port-based

allocation

Automatically assign IP address per

physical switch port

Efficient use of IP Address range

Eases commissioning and

maintenance in large

environments

Requires some maintenance and upkeep, on a per switch

basis

Layer 3 – NetworkIP Addressing Schema

47


Layer 3 – NetworkIP Forwarding – L3 Switching

48

Layer 3 switches and routers use the network portion of IP addresses

to forward (route) packets

Switch/route packets by Network Address.

Stratix 5700™ (Connected and Static Routing), Stratix 8300™

(Connected, Static and Dynamic Routing)

A routing table is kept that tells the device that port a message should

be transmitted out in order to get the message to the proper network

If the particular network is not directly attached to that device,

it will simply forward the message to the next Layer 3 switch

or router (based on routing table) in the path for further routing

Time-to-live (TTL) RA EtherNet/IP™ implementation for

multicast – TTL=1

RA EtherNet/IP implementation for

unicast – TTL=64NW03 - EtherNet/IP Layer 3 Networking Capabilities

10.17.10.0

10.10.10.0

1

2

Network

Routing Table

Port

Default Gateway10.10.10.110.17.10.1

VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24Controller 1

VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24Controller 2

10.17.10.56

10.10.10.56


Demonstration ScenarioSingle Hop Routing

Source Destination

172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50

0024.8c00.8308 unknown

Source Destination

172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50

0024.8c00.8308 e490.6919.5b44

Source Destination

172.16.40.254 10.10.10.50

e490.6919.5b41 0000.bc5a.d056

VLAN40 VLAN10

172.16.40.254

0024.8c00.8308

10.10.10.50

0000.bc5a.d056

Packet

Stratix 8300™Default Gateway

e490.6919.5b44 e490.6919.5b41

50


Layer 3 - NetworkIP Forwarding - Routing

50

Switch/route packets by Network Address

Stratix 5900™ Services Router

Extend network distance LAN, MAN, WAN

Connect different LANs Broadcast control

Multicast control, EtherNet/IP

multicast not routable - TTL=1

Layer 3 features such as security,

QoS, resiliency,.

Make sure that IT understands required

protocols Is there a need to route to other subnets?

Multicast traffic?

Security or segmentation?

WAN

Default Gateway10.10.10.110.17.10.1

VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24

VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24

10.17.10.56

10.10.10.56


Layer 3 – NetworkRouter and Routing

51

Routed protocols Examples:

Internet Protocol (IP)

Novel Netware Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

Routing Types Connected, Static, Dynamic and Default

Dynamic Routing Protocols Routers talking to routers

Maintaining optimal network topology/path to subnets, and forwarding packets along those paths

Examples:

OSPF – Open Shortest Path First, IETF Standard (Link-State Routing)

EIGRP – Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Cisco innovation (Distance

Vector Routing)


Layer 3 – NetworkRouter and Routing

52

Router Redundancy Protocols Fault tolerance for default gateways

Examples:

VRRP – Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, IETF Standards

HSRP – Hot Standby Router Protocol , Cisco® innovation

GLBP – Gateway Load Balancing Protocol, Cisco innovation

Catalyst 3750x Switch Stack

HSRPActive

HSRPStandby

Stratix 8300™


Layer 3 – NetworkEN2TR Example

53

EN2TR web pageARP Table

EN2TR web pageIP Statistics

RSLogix™ 5000EN2TR PropertiesPort Diagnostics


Layer 3 – NetworkEtherNet/IP Is Standard

54

Standard IPv4

Transmission types: unicast, multicast and “ip directed-broadcast”

Routing

Connected, Static and Dynamic

TTL

Unicast - 64

Multicast - 1

Layer 3 service example

QoS – ToS - DSCP

ID Offset TTL Proto HCS IP SA IP DA DataLenVersion

/Len ToSByte

IPv4 Packet


Layer 4 – TransportSegment

55

This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or devices, and is responsible

for end-to-end error recovery and flow control

User Datagram Protocol - UDP

Provides applications with access to the

network layer without the overhead of

reliability mechanisms

Operates as a connectionless protocol

Provides limited error checking

Provides best-effort delivery

Provides no data recovery features

Transmission Control Protocol – TCP

Access to the network layer for applications

Connection-oriented protocol

Full-duplex mode operation

Reliable delivery – acknowledgement

of receipt

Session multiplexing

Error checking, data recovery features

Segmentation, sequencing of data packets

Flow control



56

User Datagram Protocol - UDP Connectionless/best effort

Does not use acknowledgements

IP - Unicast and Multicast

CIP™

Class 1 (Implicit) I/O and P/C connections

Port 2222

Transmission Control Protocol - TCP Connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable transmission

Uses acknowledgements (ACK) to help ensure

reliable delivery

IP - Unicast

CIP

Class 3 (Explicit) messaging such as Operator Interface

Port 44818

UDP Header

TCP Header



57

Well-know ports – assigned by IANAhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

Application Port Type Value Description

FTP-Data TCP 20 File Transfer Protocol (data port)

FTP TCP 21 File Transfer Protocol (control port)

SSH TCP 22 Secure Shell

Telnet TCP 23 RFC 854 Telnet

SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transport Protocol

HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HTTPS TCP 443 HTTP over SSL

DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name System

TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol

SNMP UDP 161 Simple Network Management Protocol

http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers


Layer 4 – TransportPorts and Sockets

58

Knowledgebase Answer# 29402

http://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/29402/kw/TCP UDP ports/r_id/109439


Communications

Module

TCP connections CIP™ Connections

1756-ENBT 64 128

1756-EN2T 128 256

1756-EN2TR 128 256

1756-EN3TR 128 256

1756-EN2F 128 256

ENET-UM001G-EN-P EtherNet/IP™ Modules in Logix5000™ Control Systems…. provide connection and packet rate specs for modules

Layer 4 – TransportControlLogix® Module Connection Support (Partial List)

59

http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/um/enet-um001_-en-p.pdf


Layer 4 – TransportEN2TR Example

60

EN2TR web pageDiagnostic Overview

EN2TR web pageTCP Connection

EN2TR web pageUDP Statistics


Layer 4 – TransportEtherNet/IP Is Standard

61

Standard IETF TCP and UDP

Standard IETF TCP and UDP Port Usage

UDP Header

TCP Header


Layer 7 – Application Common Industrial Protocol

Bonjour?Hi.

I’m great.

Hello. How are you?Guten tag?

PLANT/SITE

MACHINE/SKID

• Standard IEEE 802.3/802.1 Ethernet

• Standard IETF TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Common Network Services

• Common Industrial Protocol62


Layer 7 – Application Common Industrial Protocol

63

• CIP uses object modeling to describe

devices

• Device Profiles define the communication

view of a device

• Electronic Data Sheets (EDS)


Layer 7 – Application CIP – Object Modeling - Example

64

Object (Class): Discrete Input

Instances

Attributes

Value:

Status:

Off_On Delay

On_Off Delay

Channel 0 Channel 7

1

0

20

15

0

1

20

15

• • • • • • • • •

I/O Device


Layer 7 – ApplicationCIP Objects

65

Connection Objects model the communication characteristics of a particular application to

application(s) relationship In EtherNet/IP™ these are actually several objects

Connection

Device #2Device #1

“ConnectionObjects”

“ConnectionObjects”

ApplicationObject

ApplicationObject

SensorActuator Controller


CIP SafetyLayer 7 - Application

66

CIP™ Extension - IEC 61508 – SIL3 and EN 954-1 - Cat 4

High-integrity Safety Services and Messages for CIP Data redundancy - data sent twice (actual and inverted)

Safety CRC redundancy – actual and inverted

End-to-end Safety CRCs - individual CRCs for data (actual and inverted)

and overall message

Every packet is time that is stamped

Two behaviors must be implemented: Real-time transfer of safety data

Safety Validator Object

Client (Device producing safety data)

Server (Device consuming safety data)

Safety Messages

Configuration of safety devices

Safety Supervisor Object Originator (Device originating connection)

Target (Target of connection origination)

SafetyOpen, SafetyOpen Response


CIP SafetyLayer 7 - Application

67

Safety I/O

Safety I/OSafety I/O

InstrumentationI/O

Safety Controller

Safety ControllerController

CameraHMI

VFD

Catalyst 3750StackWise

Catalyst 2960

FactoryTalk®

Server


CIP SyncLayer 7 - Application

68

CIP™ Extension

Defines time synchronization services and object for CIP Networks

Allows distributed control components to share a common notion

of time

Implements IEEE-1588 precision clock synchronization protocol Referred to as precision time protocol (PTP)

Provides +/- 100 ns synchronization (hardware-assisted clock)

Provides +/- 100 µs synchronization (software clock)

Time Synchronized Applications such as: Input time stamping

Alarms and Events

Sequence of Events (SOE)

First fault detection

Time scheduled outputs

Coordinated Motion

FTP HTTP OPC SNMP

IP

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

OSPF ICMP IGMP

RARPARP

UDP

CIP

TCP

Layer 1–2

Layer 3

Layers 5–7

Layer 4

Synchronized

Clock Value

Optional

Hardware

Assist

1588


Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP network Layer 7 - Application

69

Traditional approach to motion control - Network Scheduling (time-slot)

Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP™ network approach - Pre-determined Execution Plan for position

path, which is based on a common understanding of time between the motion controller and drives…

where to be and at what time


Integrated Motion on the EtherNet/IP Network Layer 7 - Application

70

• CIP™ Extension

• Controller and Drive Profiles

• Motion Axis Object

Safety I/O

Safety I/O

Controller

Safety Controller

I/O

Camera Servo Drive

Instrumentation

VFD

HMI

Controller


Layer 7 – ApplicationEN2TR Example

71



RSLinx® Classic - EDS

RSLinx® ClassicEN2TR DiagnosticsConnection Manager


Application RequirementsNetwork Technology Convergence - Performance

72

Source: ARC Advisory Group

What is real time? Application dependent….. only you can define what this means for your application.

Function

Information Integration,

Slower Process Automation

Time-criticalDiscrete Automation

Motion Control

CommunicationTechnology

.Net, DCOM, TCP/IP Industrial Protocols - CIP

Hardware and Software solutions, for example, Integrated

Motion on the EtherNet/IP network, PTP

Period 10 ms to 1000 ms 1 ms to 100 ms 100 µs to 10 ms

IndustriesOil & Gas, chemicals,

energy, water

Auto, Food & Beverage, semiconductor,

Metals, pharmaceuticalSubset of discrete automation

ApplicationsPumps, compressors,

mixers, instrumentationMaterial handling, filling,

labeling, palletizing, packagingPrinting presses, wire drawing,

web making, pick and place


Network Technology ConvergenceSingle Industrial Network Technology - Performance

74

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network

1 bit = 10 ns (1 byte = 80 ns)

Ethernet frame size varies from Short frame - 64 bytes = 512 bits

Long frame - 1518 bytes = 12144 bits

Some of the Ethernet frame is counted separately

Preamble and Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) = 64 bits

Interframe Gap = 96 bits

Theoretical throughput for Ethernet @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network Short frame with 64 bytes ≈ 148,000 frames/second

Long frames with 1518 bytes ≈ 8,000 frames/second



75

EtherNet/IP™ @ 100 Mbps (IEEE 802.3 Ethernet), full-duplex, Switched Network

Total header size for an EtherNet/IP I/O frame is 64 bytes EtherNet/IP implicit message connection adds 18 bytes

User Datagram Protocol adds 8 bytes

Internet Protocol adds 20 bytes

Ethernet Protocol adds 18 bytes

Frame length (short frame) for an EtherNet/IP implicit message is: 64 byte + I/O data size (bytes)

Typical I/O data sizes for implicit messages are < 36 bytes

Theoretical throughput for EtherNet/IP @ 100 Mbps, full-duplex, Switched Network Typical I/O frame size (64 byte + 36 byte I/O data) ≈ 104,000 frames/second

Maximum I/O frame size (64 byte + 511 byte I/O data) ≈ 21,000 frames/second Normal CIP Forward_Open



76

EtherNet/IP™ Throughput Example

Controller exchanges 36 bytes of I/O data with

10 I/O Adapters with a 1 ms Requested Packet

interval (RPI) RPI = 1 ms

1,000 frames/second in each direction

Each I/O Adapter must be able to:

Consume 1,000 frames/second

Produce 1,000 frames/second

The Controller must be able to:

Consume 10,000 frames/second

Produce 10,000 frames/second

Design considerations that you should consider

Performance of Controller Maximum # of Adapters (CIP Connections)

Minimum RPI (how fast)

Maximum I/O Data Size per RPI

Performance of Adapters Minimum RPI (how fast)

Maximum I/O Data Size per RPI

Network Infrastructure Latency and Jitter

Speed / Duplex Mismatch

Physical Environment – for example, EMI

Interference

This represents about 10% of the total network bandwidth



77

Isolated Network with Single Controller (ODVA)

Examples Equipment Builder Solution

(Machine or Process Skid)

Star

Linear

HMI

I/O I/O

VFDDrive

HMI

I/O

I/O

Instrumentation

VFDDriveHMI

I/O

I/OVFDDrive

VFDDrive

Instrumentation

VFDDrive

Ring

ControllerServoDrive

Controller




78

Isolated Network with Multiple Controllers (ODVA)

Examples Integrated Equipment Builder Solutions

Single Cell/Area Zone, Multiple

Machines/Lines or Skids/Areas

Stratix 8300™

Star

Ring

Linear

VFDDrive

HMI

I/O I/O

VFDDrive

HMII/O

I/O

Instrumentation

Controller

VFDDriveHMI

I/O

I/O

ServoDrive

VFDDrive

VFDDrive

Controller




79

Connected and Integrated Control System (ODVA)

Examples Integrated Equipment Builder Solutions or End-User Plant-wide / Site-wide Network

Single Cell/Area Zone, Multiple Machines/Lines, Multiple Skids/Areas

VFDDrive

HMI

Stratix 8000™/Stratix 8300™REP

Class 1 & 3

Camera

SafetyController

ServoDrive

I/OSafety I/O

Camera

Controller

VFDDrive

HMI

HMI

I/O

Controller

I/O

I/O

Controller

I/O

Industrial ZoneLevels 0-3

VLAN 17Subnet 10.17.10.0/24

VLAN 10Subnet 10.10.10.0/24

VLAN 16Subnet 10.16.10.0/24

Convergence-Ready


Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE) Reference Architectures

80

Physical or Virtualized Servers• FactoryTalk® Application Servers and

Services Platform• Network Services – for example DNS,

AD,DHCP, AAA

• Call Manager• Storage Array Remote

AccessServer

Physical or Virtualized Servers• Patch Management• AV Server• Application Mirror• Remote Desktop Gateway

Server

Catalyst 3750XStackWise

Switch Stack

Linkfor Failover Detection

Firewall(Active)

Firewall(Standby)

HMI

Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Redundant Star Topology - Flex Links Resiliency

Unified Wireless LAN

Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Linear/Bus/Star Topology

Autonomous Wireless LAN

IndustrialDemilitarized Zone

(IDMZ)

Enterprise ZoneLevels 4 and 5

Rockwell Automation®Stratix 5700/8000

Layer 2 Access Switch

ASA 5500

Industrial ZoneLevels 0–3

Catalyst6500/4500

Phone

Controller

Camera

Safety Controller

Robot

Soft Starter

Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0–2Ring Topology - Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)

Unified Wireless LAN

I/O

Plant Firewalls• Inter-zone traffic segmentation• ACLs, IPS and IDS• VPN Services• Portal and Remote Desktop Services

proxy

Wide Area Network (WAN)Physical or Virtualized Servers• ERP, Email• Active Directory (AD), AAA – Radius• Call Manager

Enterprise

SafetyI/O

ServoDrive

Instrumentation

Level 3 - Site Operations

Internet

External DMZ/ Firewall

HMI

Active

AP

SSID5 GHz

WGB

SafetyI/O

Controller

WGB

LWAP

SSID5 GHz

WGB

LWAP

Controller

LWAP

SSID2.4 GHz

Standby

5500Wireless

LAN Controller (WLC)

UCS

Catalyst2960

Cell/Area ZoneLevels 0–2

Cell/Area ZoneLevels 0–2

Drive

RADIUS(AAA) Server


Plant-wide / Site-wide Network Architectures: Site-to-Site Connection

81

Broad geographic area

WAN Examples: Point-to-Point Link – PSTN Leased Lines – T1, E1

Circuit Switching - ISDN

Packet Switching - Frame Relay, Broadband DSL, Broadband Cable

Higher Latency Use case examples – HMI and Data Collection

WAN

PSTN

Remote Site Plant Site


Plant-wide/Site-wide Network Architectures: Site-to-Site Connection

82

Enterprise-wideBusiness Systems Enterprise Zone

Levels 4 & 5 – Data Center

Physical or Virtualized Servers• FactoryTalk® Application Servers and Services

Platform• Network Services – for example, DNS, AD, DHCP,

AAA• Remote Access Server (RAS)• Call Manager• Storage Array

IDMZ - Level 3.5

Plant-wide / Site-wideOperation Systems

Site-to-SiteConnection

Remote Site #1Skid / Machine

Local Skid / Machine #1

Industrial ZoneLevels 0–3

Level 3 - Site Operations

Cell/Area Zone - Levels 0-2Ring Topology - Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)

Local Skid / Machine #2


EtherNet/IP Advantage Summary

83

Single industrial network technology for: Multi-discipline Network Convergence - Discrete, Continuous Process, Batch, Drive, Safety, Motion, Power, Time

Synchronization, Supervisory Information, Asset Configuration/Diagnostics, and Energy Management

Established Risk reduction – broad availability of products, applications and vendor support

ODVA: Cisco Systems®, Endress+Hauser, Rockwell Automation® are principal members

Supported – Defined QoS priority values for EtherNet/IP™ devices

Standard – IEEE 802.3 Ethernet and IETF TCP/IP Protocol Suite Enables convergence of IAT and IT – common toolsets (assets for design, deployment and troubleshooting) and

skills/training (human assets)

Topology and media independence – flexibility and choice

Device-level and switch-level topologies; copper - fiber - wireless

Portability and routability – seamless plant-wide / site-wide information sharing No data mapping – simplifies design, speeds deployment and reduces risk

Common industrial application layer protocol DeviceNet™, ControlNet™ and EtherNet/IP - seamless bridging throughout CIP networks


Additional MaterialCPwE Reference Architectures

84

Websites Reference Architectures

Design Guides Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE)

Deploying the Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP) in a

Converged Plantwide Ethernet Architecture

Deploying 802.11 Wireless LAN Technology within a

Converged Plantwide Ethernet Architecture

Application Guides Fiber-optic Infrastructure Application Guide

Whitepapers Top 10 Recommendations for Plant-wide EtherNet/IP Deployments

Securing Manufacturing Computer and Controller Assets

Achieving Secure Remote Access to plant-floor Applications and Data

Design Considerations for Securing Industrial Automation and Control System Networks

http://www.rockwellautomation.com/rockwellautomation/products-technologies/network-technology/architectures.page?

http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/td/enet-td001_-en-p.pdf



http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/td/enet-td003_-en-e.pdf

http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/wp/enet-wp022_-en-e.pdf





Additional MaterialTraining and Certifications

85

Cisco® Industrial Networking Specialist

Training and Certification E-learning modules (pre-learning courses)

Control Systems Fundamentals for Industrial

Networking (ICINS)

Networking Fundamentals for Industrial

Control Systems (INICS)

Classroom training Managing Industrial Networks with Cisco

Networking Technologies (IMINS)

Exam 600–601 IMINS

CCNA for Industrial Applications -

Training and Certification Training - TBD

Exam - TBD

Industrial IP Advantage E-learning modules

CPwE Design Considerations and

Best Practices

https://learningnetworkstore.cisco.com/industrial-networking/control-systems-fundamentals-for-icins-elt-icins-v1-0-021145?utm_source=Certs_industrial-networking&utm_content=ICINS&utm_campaign=CLNStore-Products

https://learningnetworkstore.cisco.com/internet-of-things-iot/networking-fundamentals-for-industrial-control-systems-inics-elt-inics-v1-0-021144?utm_source=Certs_industrial-networking&utm_content=INICS&utm_campaign=CLNStore-Products

http://tools.cisco.com/GlobalLearningLocator/courseDetails.do?actionType=executeCourseDetail&courseID=6030

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/iot/industrial-networking/imins-exam

http://www.industrial-ip.org/en/community/blog/experience-the-power-of-industrial-ip-at-automation-fair

http://www.industrial-ip.org/en/community/blog/experience-the-power-of-industrial-ip-at-automation-fair


Industrial IP Advantage

86

A ‘go-to’ resource for educational information

about industrial network communication and

using standard Internet Protocol (IP) for

industrial applications

Community of like-minded companies –

Cisco®, Panduit®, and Rockwell

Automation®

Receive monthly e-newsletters with

articles and videos on the latest trends Network Design eLearning course available for TechEd Attendee promotional price!

Sign up today at www.industrial–ip.org


Additional MaterialTraining and Certifications

87

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/training-index.html

ICND1

ICND2

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/training-index.html


PUBLIC INFORMATION

www.rockwellautomationteched.com

Fundamentals of EtherNet/IP™ Network Technology

Cisco and Cisco Systems are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. Schneider Electric is a trademark of Schneider Electric group of companies. Panduit is a trademark of the Panduit Corporation. CIP, ControlNet, DeviceNet and EtherNet/IP are trademarks of the ODVA.

Date post:	17-Aug-2015
Category:	Technology
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