OBSERVATIONshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/91131/9/09chapter 4.pdf · FLS & FRS...

CHAPTER - IV

OBSERVATION

Chapter IV OBSERVATION

4.1 Introduction

The 1978 technical report of the WHO discusses the role of traditional medicine in treating the masses in traditional ways. It says .... " (The traditional method is ) the sum total of all the knowledge and practices whether explicable or not, used in diagnosis. prevention and elimination of physical , mental and social imbalance and relying exclusively on practical experience and observation handed down from generation to generation, whether verbally or in writing."

The aim of this chapter is to study the information possessed by ethnic groups either remained buried or forgotten and lost in antiquity. The listing of plants of ethnobotanical value is important for evaluating human-plant relationship and for understanding the regional human-ecology relations to their environment. Maintaining such traditional knowledge in the face of sweeping modern medicine and diminishing folk medicine is imperative and should be encouraged. Therefore ethnobotanical uses of plant species of the area is enumerated. In addition soil pH also has been studied.

4.2 Soil pH

The paramount importance of soil pH on a plant growth is a well-established fact (Oosting 1965). However, the degree of acidity of the soil may have a regulatory effect upon the chemical processes that influence the growth of plants. An increased level of acidity may affect the availability of nutrients. In fact, the availability of the major elements is mainly dependent upon pH of soil solution (Daubenmire 1974). A number of soil organisms are sensitive to changes in soil pH. Any change in the pH level may retard the decomposition of organic matter and restrict the release of nutrients. Thus nitrification and nitrogen fixation may be checked.

Table 4.1 states the variations in the pH value in all the locality at different habitats that has ranged from 6.8 to 7.80 .

4.3 Enumeration of Ethnobotanical uses:

In the early period of evolution, man was a food gatherer, totally dependent on forest for food and shelter. Gradually, he learnt to grow food, rear animals and build houses. With this process of development, his dependence on forest gradually decreased but the pace of development has not been uniform for all human beings. Some human races went much ahead, while others living in comparative isolation in hilly, remote and densely-forested area, were left behind in the race of development and still in varying stages of primitiveness. These people are called tribal ( in Barda Hills, they are known as Maldharies ), aboriginal or indigenous people. The life style of the Maldharies of Barda Hills has evolved over centuries and direct use of natural resources such as plants and their products is inseparable part of their

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life and culture. The Maldharies cure their ailments using simple remedies. They use different parts of plants that were locally available, in trying to cure different types of diseases. The ethnobotanical information was collected from the Maldharies (Tribal people) of Barda Hills with the help of two questionnaires. Plants used by the Maldharies is their day-to-day life are listed below.

Table 4.1 Variations in soil pH in different parts of the Barda Hills.

Locality Habitat Soil pH Ghumali Reverine 7.10 And Foothill 7.30 Adjoining area Slope 7.10

Peak 7.40 Venu Reverine 6.80 And Foothill 7.40 Adjoining Slope 7.60 Area Slope 7.40

Peak 7.10 Abhapara Reverine 7.40 And Foothill 7.80 Adjoining Slope 7.20 Area Peak 7.40

Kilcshwar Reverine 7.10 And Foothill 7.20 Adjoining Slope 7.00 Area Peak 7.30 Godhana Reverinc 7.10 And Foothill 7.30 Adjoining Slope 7.20 Area Peak 7.10 Satvirda Reverine 6.90 And Foothill 7.10 Adjoining Slope 7.70 Area Peak 7.40

Adityana Reverine 7.40 And Foothill 7.10 Adjoining Slope 7.30 Area Peak 7.60

Scrubland 7.70 Scrubland 7.60

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Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Monech. (Malvaceae) Bhinda

BAJ: 27

50-200 cm. tall, hispidly hairy herb. Flower yellow with purple base.

FLS : Sept.-Nov.

Ethnobotanical uses :

~ Tender capsules are used as a vegetable. ~ Flower is eaten in soups. ~ Tender leaves are boiled and eaten like spinach. ~ Stalks are yields fIbres.

Abelmoschus manihot (L) Medic. (Malvaceae) Kantalo bhendo

FRS :Oct.-Jan. Cultivated.

BAJ: 28

60-200 cm. tall, hairy, prikly, annual under shrub. Flower yellow with a deep purple base within.

FLS : Sept. - Oct.

Ethnobotanical uses:

FRS :Oct. - Jan. Rare

~ A strong fibre is obtained from stem and is used in preparation of ropes and strings.

~ After removing prickles fruit used as vegetable.

Abrus precatorius (L) (Fabaceae) Chanothi

BAJ: 74

Perennial, deciduous twiners, woody at base. Flower pinkish - purple in compect racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


FRS :Sept.- Feb. Common.

~ The fresh leaves are sweet and chewed for treatment of mouth ulcers. ~ Externally the leaves are used for relieving local pains in swelling. ~ The leaves and roots are considered to be useful in snakebite. ~ The fresh root juice or leaf Juice mixed with some edible oil and then is applied

on painful part to relieve pain and reduce swellings of rheumatism. ~ A garland of seeds is worn by tribal ladies as an ornament. ~ The leaves are chewed to relieve stomachache.

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~ The seed oil is applied on scalp toprevent falling of hair. ~ The leaf paste is applied on head to prevent baldness. ~ Paste of root is applied on leucoderma tic spots. ~ The fresh leaf juice dropped in to the eye in cataract. ~ Roots decoction is given for coughs and colds. ~ Seeds are poisonous. ~ Seeds administered in affections of nervous system and their paste applied

locally in sciatica, stiffness of shoulder joints and paralysis. ~ Bruised seeds have been used criminally for poisoning cattle and for homicidal

purposes. ~ From early times seeds have been used as, weights by goldsmiths of India. ~ Pulp of the seed is given with milk in sexual debility, it is increase sexual

power.

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sw. (Malvaceae) Kansky / Atibala

BAJ: 29

A small shrub hairy tomentose. Flowers, yellow axillary solitary opemng III the evemng.

FLS & FRS :Oct.-May Common


~ Tender leaves are chewed to cure piles. ~ The bark yields white fibre it is used in preparation of ropes and strings. ~ Leaves are boiled in water and given in urinary troubles. ~ Leaves are cooked and eaten. ~ Roots are used as a nervine tonic and antipyretic also used in piles and

cough. ~ Seeds called "Balbij" are rich in mucilage and used as a laxative and

demulcent. ~ Decoction of root is gi ven orally to cure burning urination.

Acacia chundra (Roxb.ex Rottl.) Willd. (Mimosaceae) Kher

BAJ: 116

6-13 m. tall, armed tree, with rough bark. Flowers sessile, pale yellow in axillary spikes.

FLS : Apr. - Aug. FRS :May- Oct. Not common

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-7 Decoction of root, leaves, stem bark and fruits used to take bath to cure leucodermatic spots.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements. -7 The 'katha' is extracted from hoeartwood of old trees. -7 Katha is used in pan preparation and used for printing and dyeing purposes. -7 Wood is used in preparation of wooden pestles. 'sambelll' -7 Gum is given to the pregnant women to protect embryo. -7 A small amount of 'katha' is applied over ulcers in the mouth for fast hoealing. -7 Decoction of stem bark is used to wash the wounds and ulcer as it is a good

antiseptic.

Acaciajaquemontii Bth. (Mimosaceae) Bavali

1.5 - 3 m. tall, armed shrub. Flowers yellow in head.

FLS : Feb. - Apr.


-7 Tender branches and leaves used as fodder. -7 Bark used for tanning. -7 Plant may be used as a sand binder in arid zone.

BAJ: 117

FRS :Feb - May. Common in sandy soil

-7 The churner 'valonll or ravayo' is also made from wood of this plant. -7 Decoction of root is gi ven internally on chronic rheumatism.

Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. (Mimosaceae) Hermo baval / Aragio

BAJ: 118

5 - 7 m. tall tree, with grayish-white and smooth bark in younger parts blackish-brown and rough bark excoticating in irregular scales in older. Flowers creamy to paleyellow in head.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


FRS :Aug. - Feb. Throughout in sandy soil.

-7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder. -7 Bark is used for tanning. -7 Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements and tool handle. -7 Bark is yields fibre which is used for cordage and fishing nets. -7 Tender branches are chewed for relieve cough. -7 Young branches are used as a toothbrush.

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---------------------------------- -

~ Dried branches are used as a fuel. ~ Decoction of bark is used washing mouth ulcers. ~ Flowers are considered useful in diabetes.

Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. (Mimosaceae) Deshi baval

BAJ: 119

3 - 8 m. tall, armed tree, with dark blackish-brown irregularly longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers yellow in globose heads. FLS : July - Jan. FRS :Aug. - Dec.

Common. Ethnobotanical uses :

~ Tender branches and leaves used as fodder. ~ Young twigs are used as toothbrush and cleaning the tongue the flexible fibres

help cleaning teeth. ~ Roasted seeds are eaten. ~ Decoction of stem bark is used to wash the mouth on toothache. ~ Gum is fried in ghee and given for better health and sexual debility. ~ Wood is used in preparation of the wooden pestel 'sambelu'. ~ The powder of stem bark is given internally on asthma. ~ Decoction of the bark is used in bath to cure skin disease. ~ Paste of inner bark applied externally on honeybee sting and wasp sting or any

insect bite. ~ Tender leaves chewed for mouth ulcers. ~ Poultice of leaves bandaged on eye to cure eye diseases and avoid the heat of

eye.

Acacia pennata WilIrl. (Mimosaceae) Khervel

BAJ: 120

Small tree, Branches more or les 5- angled. Prickles recurved. Leaflets glaucous. Flowers creamisn, in head. Pods thin, flat.

FLS : Sept.- Nov.


~ Flowers, leaves and unripe pods used in painting. ~ Fibres are obtained from bark.

FRS: Sept.-Feb. Not common

~ 2-3 drops bark decoction is droped in eyes of buffalo to cure eye diseases. ~ Its wood is used as fuel.

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Acaia planiformis Wt. & Arn. ( Mimosaceae ) Chhatrobaval

BAJ: 121

10-20 feet tall tree, branches spread in every diretion and gives appereance as umbrella. Prikles white and dissimilar in size, 8 to 12 leaflets in leaf.

FLS : J an.-Mar.


FRS: Jan.- Apr. Not common

-7 Root bark soaked over night in water, filtered and mixed with sugercube and given to the diabetic patient.

-7 Leaves, flowers, pods in main fodder of goats. -7 Heart wood is used in preparation of cart wheel and small table. -7 In carcity people collect wood and sale in folk market as fuel for to earn

money. -7 To stop excess urination, flowers and greed pods is given. -7 Leaves are chewed in mouth ulcer.

Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. BAJ :122 (Mimosaceae) Kumbatio / Goradio baval

2 - 7 m. tall, armed tree. Flower creamy-white in axillary spikes.

FLS : Aug. - Oct. FRS :OCI. - Apr. Common.


-7 Tender branches are used as fodder. -7 The wood is used for preparation of tool handles. -7 Infusion of root bark stem bark is given in diabetes. -7 Dry branches are used as fuel. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils and wounds. -7 Gum is used as tonic and good for coughs and stomatitis.

Acalypha ciliata Forsk. (Euphorbiaceae) Runchalo / Dadro

BAJ: 308

25 - 50 em tall, erect herb. Flowers greenish in axillary androgynous spikes.

FLS & FRS :July - Oct. Common.


-7 Leaf extract applied on ecezema and skin disease.

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Acalypha indica L. (Euphrbiaceae) Vaichikato

BAJ: 309

25 - 45 cm. tall, herb. Flowers greenish - yellow in axillary androgynous spikes.

FLS & FRS :July. - Feb. Common.


-7 Paste of leaves is applied on scorpion bite. -7 Juice of leaves employed for cutaneous troubles. -7 Juice of leaves is applied on scabies, ringworm and rheumatic arthritis.

Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae) Gokharu.

BAJ: 166

30 - 60 cm. tall, dichotomously branched suffruticose herb. Flowers (Head) pale -yellow.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Nov. Common.


-7 Plant is having anti bacterial and anti bacterial and anti fungal activity. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils, wounds and leprosy. -7 Decoction of leaves is used for treating yellow fever but large doses emetic.

Achyranthas aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) Aghedi.

BAJ: 291

30 - 120 cm. tall, annual, erect herb with square stem. Flowers greenish white in elongated terminal long spike.

FLS : Sep. - Dec.

Ethnohotanical uses:

-7 Decoction of plant is used in renal drops.

FRS :Sept.- Jan. Common.

-7 The ash of dry plant rubbed with honey and administered internally on cough, asthma, urine complaints and stomachache.

-7 The leaves are eaten in scorpion sting to remove the poisonous effect. -7 Paste of leaves and root is applied externally on scorpion sting.

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A piece of root struck to the lock of the hair of expectant mother to start labour pain immediately after deli very the root piece is removed and thrown in to a running stream of water.

-7 The seeds are rubbed with rice water is given on bleeding piles. -7 Stem is used as toothbrush in toothache. -7 Infusion of the plant or paste of stem mixed with 'tal oil' and introduce in the

ear to cure earache. -7 Root is rubbed with buttermilk and given internally on jaundice. -7 Decoction of root is given in cholera. -7 The juice of fresh leaves given internally on colic complains.

Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees. (Acanthaceae) Ardusi

0.7 - 1.2 m. tall, evergreen, bushy shrub. Flowers white in spikes.

BAJ: 256

FLS & FRS :Dec. - Feb. Common.


-7 The leaves are very efficacious as remedy in all sorts of coughs and colds, bronchitis and asthma.

-7 The crushed leaves with water given internally to the female on the post deli very treatment.

-7 The dried leaves are smoked as cigarettes with much relief in asthma. -7 Paste of leaves is given in T.B. treatment. -7 The leaves are an old remedy in Hindu medicine.

Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Bth. & Uk. (Rubiaceae) Ualdarvo.

BAJ: 159

8 - 20 m. tall, stout, deciduous tree, with grey or light black, longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers yellow in smaller heads and strong smelling.

FLS : Aug. - Sept.


-7 Leaves are used as fodder. -7 Leaves are used in to prepare patrala.

FRS :Aug. - Sept. Rare.

-7 Mature wood is used in preparation of toys and furniture.

51

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae) Bili.

BAJ: 52

5 - 10m. tall, thorny, deciduous tree. Flower greenish white.

FLS : May - June.


FRS :June - May. Common.

~ Pulp of fruit is mixed with roasted seed of chokha (Oriza sativa L.) and given internally to the pregnant woman to cure vomiting.

~ Juice of fresh leaves used as a deodorant. ~ The leaves 'hili patra' are used for religious ceremony and offered to Lord

Shiva. ~ The unripe fruits are used in dysentery and chronic diarrhoea, fever and scurvy. ~ Juice of fresh leaves is dropped in to the ear in earache. ~ Powder of dried unripe fruits is in potent antidiarrhoeal medicine. ~ The tender aromatic leaves eaten to check diabetes of primary stage. ~ Fresh leaf juice applied on swellings due to rheumatism. ~ The paste of root is applied on scorpion bites.

Agave americana L. (Agavaceae) Ramban. / Ketki

BAJ: 339

A large perennial herb. Flowers only once during life, on long 10 - 20 feet tall scape yellowish - green.

FLS & FLS : Jan. - June.


~ Planted in the garden. ~ It is used as a hedge plant. ~ Leaf juice is applied on gonorrhoea and syphilis.

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) Arduso.

Rare.

BAJ: 55

10 - 20 m. large tree with greenish - white or grey smooth bark. Flower greenish yellow in panicles.

FLS : Feb. - Mar. FRS :Feb. - Apr. Common.

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-7 Wood is light in weight it is used in preparation of toys, boxes and musical instrument like 'tamburo'.

-7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder for goat. -7 The wood is also used in preparation of utensil like spoon and churning rod

'va[onu' . -7 The juice of stem bark is given internally to cattle to cure windiness in stomach

locally called 'afro'. -7 Infusion of stem bark mixed with cured and given orally to cure dysentery and

diarrhoea. -7 Roasted leaves are bandaged on head to cure headache and gastralgia. -7 Roasted seeds are given in coughs and colic. -7 Infusion of stem bark is also used in to cure cholera.

Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. BAJ: 176 (Alangiaceae) AnkoI.

3 - 10m. tall tree, with ash - coloured rough and faintly fissured bark. Flowers greenish - white, fascicled on old wood.

FLS : Oct. FRS :Nov. Common.


-7 Leaves are used in relieving rheumatic pain. -7 Root bark is used as an emetic. -7 Wood is used in preparation of musical instrument and toys. -7 Paste of seed is applied externally on head to grow hair in case of baldness. -7 Decoction of bark is gi ven to the pregnant women for abortion. -7 The ripe fruits are edible. -7 Infusion of root bark is antidote hence given orally on swelling due to

snakebite, dog bite and rat bite. -7 Juice of stem bark is given orally in T.B. -7 Paste of leaves mixed with common salt and applied externally to relieve

backache. -7 The juice of root bark is given orally to cure worm. -7 Decoction of root bark is mixed with 'suinth' and bath it, to cure fever. -7 Rubbed the root with water and applied on boil.

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. (Mimosaceae) Shirish

8 - 20 m. tall tree. Heads solitary. FLS : July. - Oct.

BAJ: 123

FRS :Oct. - Mar.

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-7 Leaves and seeds are used in eye troubles, viz. night blindness. -7 Paste of stem bark is applied on boils. -7 The bark and seeds are used in piles, diarrhoea, dysentery and gonorrhoea. -7 Paste of leaves, stem bark, flowers, pods and seeds are applied to the bitten

part. -7 The dry branches are used as fuel.

Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae) Dungli

A small herb with tunicated bulb. Flower white in umbel.

FLS & FRS :Jan. - Mar.


BAJ: 342

Cultivated.

-7 The crushed bulb IS applied to the nostrils of person having fainting or historical fits.

-7 A bulb is eaten raw or cooked and it is a popular vegetable.

-7 A bulb is crushed and mixed with any edible oil is given orally to cattle to cure cough.

-7 The fresh juice of bulb is applied externally on wasp bite.

Aloe barbadellsis Mill. (Liliaceae) Kunvarpathu.

BAJ: 343

A succulant herb with stolons. Flowers yellow orange on long scapes. Throughout in waste places but not common.

FLS : Aug. - Dec.


FRS :Aug.-Feb. Not common

-7 Juice of leaves is used in liver disease and eye troubles. -7 Inner fleshy part of leaf is applied on wounds due to burning. -7 The leaf is warmed and bandaged on abdomen to remove old stool (faeces) and

to cure constipation. -7 The leaf is given orally to cure stomach trouble. -7 The plantis cultivated for house fencing. -7 The pulp of leaves is applied on boils, scabies, ringworm, mastitis, leprosy and

bleeding piles.

S4

Alternallthera sessilis (L.) DC. (Amaranthaceae) Panini bhaji / Jal jambvo.

BAJ: 292

A small much branched herb, rooting at nodes. Flowers white in axillary heads.

FLS & FRS :Oct.-Feb. Common.


~ Decoction of the leaves is used as a wash for eyes. ~ Whole plant is grassing by goat and sheep. ~ Leaves are used in night blindness. ~ The leaves are used in preparation of 'bhaji'. ~ Paste of leaves is mixed with buttermilk and gIven to cattle for remove

poisonous effect. ~ Crushed the leaves with water and given internally to the animal to avoid

windness in stomach 'afro'. ~ Paste of leaves is applied externally on dropsy and boils. ~ Decoction of whole plant is given to nursing mother and fever.

Alysicarpus mOllilifer (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) Bhohy samervo.

Prostrate herb patently hairy. Flowers bright-pinkish. FRS & FLS : Aug. - Feb.


~ Whole plant is used as fodder. ~ Decoctio of whole plant is given in rheumatism.

BAJ: 7S

Common.

Amarallthus hybridus L. sub. Sp. cruentus (L.) TheIl. Var. palliculatus (L.) TheIl. BAJ : 294 (Amaranthaceae) Rajgaro.

45 - 200 cm. tall large beautiful annual herb. Flower golden yellow or red colour in spike.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Feb. Cultivated.


~ Seeds are eaten. ~ Leaves are used as blood purifier and in piles. ~ The plant also used as fodder.

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Amarallthus lividus L. (Amaranthaceae) Tandaljo

BAJ: 293

30-60 cm. small annual herb. Flowers greenish in clusters.

FLS & FRS :Aug.- Oct. Common.


-7 Leaves are used as vegetable. -7 Leaves are used in preparation of bhaji. It is eaten to cure for hair fall. -7 Whole plant used as a fodder. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boil swellings.

Amarallthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae) Kantalo dambho

BAJ: 295

25-60 cm tall erect or diffuse herb. Flowers pale greenish in globose.

FLS & FRS :Sept.- March. Common as a weed.


-7 The root is considered a specific in gonorrhoea.

-7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 Ash of plant is mixed with lime and applied externally on boil for fast ripening. -7 Juice of leaves is employed in leprosy, leucorrhoea, piles and colic. -7 Plant decoction given to cattle for delivery complaints, such as ache, swelling

etc. -7 Decoction of shoots considered antirheumatic.

Ammallia baccifera L. (Lythraceae) Jal agio / Aganbuti.

BAJ: 137

30-75 cm. tall annual herb. Flower red in dense axillary cluster.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


FRS: Sept. - Dec. Common.

-7 Paste of fresh leaves is applied externally on ringworm and other parasitic skin infection.

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-7 Infusion of the plant is given to the animal to cure poisonous effect due to grassing poisonous plant.

-7 Decoction of leaves is mixed with juice of fresh ginger and given orally to cure intermittent fever.

-7 2 table spoon decoction of the whole plant is taken orally twice a day for a week to threat gonorrhoea.

Amorphophallus campanuiatlls (Roxb.) Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) Suran.

BAJ: 355

A perennial herb with a very large corm. Flowers very bad smelling, in spadix.

FLS : May. - June.


-7 Large fleshy corm is used as vegetable. -7 Tender petioles are also edible.

FRS: May - July Cultivated.

-7 Corm is used in dysentery, piles and colic complaints. -7 The paste of corm is applied on ulcers caused due to bite of repti les. -7 About 100 gm fresh or dry tuber is macerated and juice extracted; 100 ml juice

is taken orally as antidote for snake bite. Vomiting indicates relief.

AmpelocisslIs latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (Ampelideae) Jangali draksh.

BAJ: 66

An extensive, woody climber with hollow stem. Flower deep red 10 pyramidal panicled cymes.

FLS : May - July.


FRS: Aug. - Oct. Common

-7 Juice of tender leaves used in dental troubles and as a detergent for indolent ulcers.

-7 Decoction of roots is given in dysentery. -7 150 gm leaf paste mixed with turmeric, egg albumen and black goat milk is

smeared over the fractured area and bound over it; bandage changed, once in three days. Paste of fresh leaves is applied over int1amed parts affected by guinea worms.

57

Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees. (Acanthaceae) Kariyatu

BAJ: 257

40 - 60 cm tall, patently hairy annual herb. Flowers creamy to dirty white in axillary racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Dec.


FRS: Aug - Jan. Common.

-7 Juice of leaves is mixed with coconut water and given orally in fever. -7 Decoction of plant with dried fruit of black pepper (Piper nigrum) is given

internally on fever and rheumatism. -7 The plant is boiled with water and vapour inhaled to cure fever. -7 Decoction of shoot (10 gm) is given twice a day for 4-5 days in acute jaundice

due to hepatitis associated with hepatomegaly.

Anisomeles indica (L.) O.Ktze. (Lamiaceae ) Chodharo

BAJ: 277

A small shrub, stem squre, hairy. Leaves thick , ovate acute, serrate, hairy, base cordate. Flowers sessile, in dense whorls which are distant below but close above to form a dense spicate inf; corolla light purple.

FLS: Sept. - Nov.


FRS :Sept.-Nov. Common

-7 The paste of root bark is applied externally in reduce the swelling incase of the bite of poisonous animal.

-7 Inhaled the decoction of leaves to cure fever. -7 Whole plant ash mixed with jaggery and make a syrup it is taken to reduce

sali very secretion. -7 Juice of leaves is given to the hildren in colic dyspepsia and fever due to

teething. -7 The decoction of whole plant is used to take bath for fomenting rheumatic

joints and fever.

Annona squamosa Linn. (Annonaceae) Sitaphal.

BAJ:l

3-5 m. tall, tree with opposed, on old wood. FLS : Apr-Aug

light black rough bark, flowers greenish auxiliary or leaf

FRS: June-Sept. Not common

58


7 Ripe fruit is edible. 7 Paste of leaves are applied on would and ulcers for rapid hoealing and to

prevent microbial infection. 7 Decoction of leaves given to patient of diabetes. 7 Paste of seeds is applied for killing maggots in wound of cattle. 7 Crushed leaves applied on nostriels of persons suffering from hysteria. 7 Paste of seed mixed with Gram powder and used as hair wash to remove lice. 7 Dry wood is used as fuel by native people.

Allogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) Wall ex Guill. (Combretaceae) Dhavdo / Indruk

BAJ: 129

10 - 24 m. tall tree, with grayish - white or ash coloured, smooth bark, peeling off in scales. Flowers greenish - yellow in globose heads.

FLS : May - July.


FRS :July - Dec. Common.

7 The wood is used for coal, preparation of agricultural implements and tool handles.

7 Decoction of bark is given orally in colic and liver complaints. 7 Dry leaves are used as a fodder for goat and sheep. 7 The tender branches are used in preparation of gate 'zmnpo'.

7 The gum is a tonic and given during winter on weakness. 7 Stem bark is chewed to cure cough and toothache. 7 The powder of stem bark mixed with warm water and applied externally on

injured part of body. 7 One table spoon of juice of stem bark is given thrice a day for about a week to

treat cough and asthma.

Alltig01l01l leptopus Hk. & Arn. (Polygonaceae) Icecreamvel

BAJ: 304

An extensive, perennial climber, woody at base. Flowers bright rosy pink or white. Peduncle modified into tendrils at apex.

FLS : Throughout the year. Cultivated.


7 It is ornamental plant.

59

Apluda mutica L. (Poaceae)

BAJ: 371

0.45 - 1.5 cm. tall. Erect or geniculately ascending at base. Panicles terminal or numerous simple racemes or false spikes each sub tended by spathe.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Dec.


-7 It is common fodder plant.

Argemone mexicana Linn. (Papvaraceae) Darudi

Common.

BAJ:9

A prickly herb with yellow juice; leaves pinnatifid, basal petioled and larger, upper sessile; flowers yellow; capsule glaucous, green, turning black with age.

FSL : All Months


-7 Maldhari use the leaf juice for syphilis. -7 Paste of seed used for the treatment pyorrhoea.

FRS :Mar- Apr. Abundant

-7 Leaf juice along with cow milk is given orally for a week in leprosy. -7 Maldhari rub the stem juice on the body to relieve rheumatic pain for a month. -7 Maldhari collect the seed and sale it in the folk market. -7 Seed extract (oil) is applied on ulcers, eczema and gonorrhoea.

-7 Thy yellow latex applied in scabies and in opthalmia. -7 The bruised fresh root is applied to the part on scorpin bite to releave pain. -7 The ash of whole plant mixed with groundnut oil and than such oil is applied

on affected part of the skin in scabies, eczema, ring worm and also wounds and ulcers in cattle as well as human beings.

Argyreia llervosa (Burm.f.) Boj. (Convolvulaceae) Samudrashosh.

BAJ: 218

Greyish or whitish-tomentose, stout, woody twiners. Flowers rose-purple in axillary cymes.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Oct. Rare.

60


-7 Young fresh leaves hairy side applied on boils for ripening and pus formation and then smooth side for hoealing wounds in boil.

-7 Leaves are used in gleet, gonorrhoea, strangury and chronic ulcers. -7 Tender leaves are eaten as a vegetable. -7 Leaves applied externally in cases of itch, eczema and other skin troubles. -7 Paste of root is used in rheumatic, nervous diseases, snakebite, scorpion sting,

swelling. -7 Leaves are bandaged on head in headache. -7 The leaf juice is applied in the ear in any ear complains.

Aristolochia bractteolata Lamk. (Aristolochiaceae) Kidamari

BAJ: 306

A prostrate branched herb. Flowers few dark blackish red colour in axillary fascicles.

FLS & FRS: Aug.- Nov. Rare


-7 The juice of root and leaves with black piper is applied to the wounded part in case of snake bite, root boiled in oil and applied to that part.

-7 Infusion of leaves is gi ven on abdomen to relieve constipation. -7 One teaspoon juice of leaves is given in cough twice a day for three dalys. -7 Piece of root is chewed to relieve toothache.

Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae) Satavari

BAJ: 344

An extensive, spinous, much branched climber with fasciculated tuberous roots. Flowers white in racemes.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - Jan. Common.


-7 Juice of root is mixed with honey and for dyspepsia. -7 Powder of dried root is given intcrnally with milk to the nourishing mother for

milk production hence used as glactagogue. -7 Powder of root is mixed with seed powder of 'jira' (ClllllinulIl cYlIlinulIl) and

gi ven orally with warm water to cure cold fever. -7 Root powder is also employed in colic, dysentery, acidity, tuberculosis, seminal

weakness, leucorrhoea, burning micturition, anorexia and peptic ulcers. -7 Paste of cladode is applied externally on boil.

61

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Limdo

BAJ: 58

10 - 15 m. tall, large tree with slightly longitudinally furrowed bark. Flowers white in panicles.

FLS : Dec. - Mar.


FRS :Jan. - May Common.

7 Bark used in skin troubles. Decoction of leaves is employed for ulcer and eczema.

7 Dried leaves keep in books and cereals for keeping away the moth and silverfish.

7 Odour of burning leaves and tender branches is kill insects. 7 Seed oil is employed in skin infection as an ointment. 7 Timber is used in preparation of furniture and for house building purposes. 7 Fresh twigs used as a toothbrush to cure pyorrhoea. 7 Juice of leaves is given in jaundice, common fever and skin diseases. 7 Powder of dried leaves is given orally to the children to cure intestinal worms. 7 Infusion of fresh flower is gi ven as tonic in despepsia, general debility and as a

stimulant tonic and stomachic. 7 A poultice made of the flowers and leaves are used for relieving nervous

headache. 7 Pulp of seed is employed in piles, urinary diseases, intestinal worms and

leprosy. 7 Fresh and dried leaves used as a fodder. 7 Paste of leaves are fried in ghee and applied externally on apex of finger and

boild to stop pus formation.

Bacopa mOllllieri (L.) Wetts. (Scrophulariaceae) Kadvi luni

BAJ: 244

Creeping, tleshy, glabrous herb. Often radially spreading. Flower pale-blue, seldom white.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Common.


7 Juice of leaves employed in epilepsy, insanity and other nervous diseases. 7 It is also given in aphonia, to increase memory, cough, fever, asthma and

swelling.

62

Balanites aegyptica (L.) Del. (Balanitaceae) Ingorio

BAJ: 56

2.4 - 4 m. tall, armed, deciduous, bushy shrubs. Flowers pale - greenish yellow in axillary cymes.

FLS: Mar - April


FRS: May - Feb. Common.

-7 Ripe fruits used for whooping cough and skin troubles. -7 Seed oil is used for burns, freckles and for soap making. -7 Wood used for walking sticks. -7 Dry leaves are used as fodder for cattle. -7 Pulp of ripe fruit with cured given orally on diarrhoea. -7 The ripe fruit is also used in cloth washing. -7 Dried fruit shell is used as snuff box and toys. -7 Pulp of seed is rubbed with water and applied externally on pimple. -7 Powder of stem bark mixed with curd and given internally to cure cholera. -7 Stem bark, unripe fruits and leaves are crushed and add water then filtered this,

filtered syrup is given to children on intestinal worms. -7 Roasted seeds are given in cough and colic. -7 Pulp of ripe fruits is also employed in obesity. -7 Whole plant used as field fencing.

Bambusa arudinacea (Retz.) Roxb. (Poaceae) Polo vans

BAJ: 372

12 - 20 m. tall, tuffed tree. Culmps stout 15 - 18 cm. across. Flowers white In

spikelets in loos eclusters.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - Apr. Common.


-7 Leaves and twigs used as fodder. -7 Stem is used in preparation of blower and flute. -7 Leaves are given to the horses as a fodder to cure cough and colds. -7 Dried stem is used as walking stick. -7 The tender shoots is used in preparation of curry or pickles. -7 The pounded young shoots make an excellent poultice for cleaning wounds and

sores. -7 Sore and wounds are covered with the poultice and bandaged. -7 The root is considered to cure for ringworm and other eruptive affections. -7 The juice of flowers is used as eardrops for earache and deafness.

63

-7 Fresh stem is used in preparation of baskets, chhabdi (shallow basket), lagduan (instrument kept on donkey to carry pots), cradle (ghodiyu).

-7 Stem is also used in preparation of snake catcher (Hodo). -7 Young shoots are crushed and applied on joints to treat rheumatisum.

Barleria cristata L. (Acanthaceae) Kantashelio

BAJ: 258

40 - 70 cm. tall, under shrubs, prickly. Flowers pale blue or whitish in axillary or terminal dense spike.

FLS : Sep. - Jan.


FRS :Sep. - Jan. Rare.

-7 Leaves and stem used in cough and inflammations. -7 Paste of leaves is externally applied on swellings. -7 Decoction of root is used in rheumatism and pneumonia.

Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) Pilo kantashelio.

BAJ: 259

I - 1.5 m. tall, much branched very prickly shrub. Flowers yellow in axillary spicate.

FLS : Sep. - Jan.


FRS :Sep. - Jan. Common.

-7 Juice of the leaves is given with honey in catarrhal affections of children. -7 A paste of the roots is applied to boils and glandular swelling. -7 Leaves chewed to relieve toothache. -7 Juice of leaves is dropped into the ear to stop pus formation in the ear. -7 Poultice of leaves is slightly heated with caster oil and then mixture is filtered,

such filtered oil is applied on wounds boils and ulcers and also dropped in to ear in earache.

-7 Paste of leaves mixed with black pepper and it is given orally regularly for few days on piles.

-7 Juice of leaves is externally used as a dressing for feet in rainy season to protect them from cracking and mixed with honey, the juice is applied to bleeding teeth, cold and cough to the children.

-7 Decoction of bark is given in whooping of cough, toothache, fever and pyorrhoea.

-7 Decoction of root is given in fevers, coughs, rheumatism and sprue.

64

Basella rubra L. (Basellaceae) Poi

BAJ: 301

A perennial, twining much branched herb, with bright pinkish - red to deep purple stem and branches. Flowers bright pink or white in short spikes.



-7 The leaves are used as preparing in 'bhajia' and 'bhaji' . -7 The juice of the leaves given to children to avoid constipation and it is very

useful to allay the heat and itching of urticaria. -7 Paste of leaves is applied externally on pimple, boils, wounds, burns and

scalds.

Bauhinia purpurea L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Kanchnar

BAJ: 102

6 - 10 m. tall small trcc, bark grey or dark brown. Leavcs rounded, bilobed; flower fragrant rosy purple.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Feb. Cultivated.


-7 Decoction of bark is given in diarrhoea. -7 Leaves used as fodder. -7 Wood used for agricultural implements. -7 Decoction of leaves is employed as mouthwash in sore throat and stomatitis,

dropsy and rheumatism. -7 The leaf paste of this plant mixed with latex of Jatropha curcas is

administered to cure jaundice.

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) Zinzaro / Asundro

BAJ: 103

3 - 5 m. tali, deciduous tree. Bark brown rough longitudinally fissured. Flower greenish white in terminal racemes.

FLS : Apr. - May. FRS :lune - Sept. Common.

65


-7 Bark yields a strong cordage fibre. -7 Paste of leaves is mixed with onion and given for diarrhoea. -7 Decoction of leaves used in malaria, gonorhoea and headache. -7 Tender branches and leaves used as fodder. -7 Tender branches used in preparation of strong basket and gate 'jampo' . -7 Dried leaves are smoked in pipe to cure cough and asthma. -7 Decoction of root is used in burning micturition, obesity and T.B. -7 Flowers are employed in diaorrhoea, dysentery and piles. -7 Fresh stem bark ground, boiled, decoction mixed with Carum copticum given

orally after dinner for a week inspermatorrhoea.

Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl. (Elatinaceae) Lavadio

BAJ: 25

Suffruticose, glandular, pubescent in younger parts. Flowers solitary white.

FLS & FRS :Oct - Apr. Common


-7 Whole plant is used in fractures. -7 A poultice of leaves applied to sores. -7 Whole plant used as fodder by goat. -7 The whole plant with rootstock is dried and powdered. 10 gm of decoction of

powder is given once daily to suppress tumours of undefined origin.

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth. (Acanthaceae) Utigan.

BAJ: 260

Prostret herb. Flowers creamy - white with red or purple veins or pale - blue.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Jan. Common


-7 Plant used as fodder. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on swelling. -7 Decoction of inflorescence is given in fever, asthma and coughs. -7 Whole plant ground, infusion given orally for a week to women in infertility.

66

Boerhavia chinensis (L.) (Nyctaginaceae) Satodi / Punarnava.

BAJ: 286

Straggling or subseandent, perennial herb. Flowers bright pink in subumbellate. FLS & FRS :Aug - Nov. Common


-7 Plant eaten by goat. -7 Paste of root is applied on boil for fast ripening and fast hoealing. -7 Decoction of whole plant given in constipation and rheumatism.

Boerhavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) Satodi

BAJ: 287

Diffuse, nearly glabrous herb. Flowers white or rosy in umbels on long peduncles.

FLS & FRS :Aug - Nov. Common


-7 The leaves are used in opthalmia and for eye wounds, muscular pain and purify the blood and hasten delivery and good for dropsy.

-7 Decoction of root is given internally is scanty urine. -7 Paste of root is applied on any swellings and also on scorpion sting. -7 Infusion of root is mixed with rice water and given in case of snakebite.

Boerhavia verticillata Poir. (Nyctaginaceae) Zeri satodo / Moto satodo.

BAJ: 288

Decumbent or climbing glabrous herb. Flowers pale pink or white in few in distant.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Dec. Common.


-7 Plant eaten by goat. -7 Paste of leaves and root is applied on swelling due to scorpion bite and boils. -7 Infusion of root is given orally in dropsy, leucorrhoea, asthma, puerperal fever,

liver disorders, prevention of ageing acidity and obesity.

67

Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae) Simlo

BAJ: 34

10 - 30 m. tall, deciduous tree, white grey glabrous bark. Prickles conical black. Flowers bright red attractive.

FLS : Feb. - Apr. FRS :Mar. - June


~ Paste of the prickles is externally used in the treatment of the pimple. ~ Flower buds and fleshy calyx are eaten as vegetable. ~ Tree yields a gum called 'mochrus'. It is tonic and mostly used in femaine

problem like leucorrhoea and others. ~ A paste of gum is applied externally on bone fracture as a plaster. ~ Wood is used in preparation of musical instrument like 'tamburo'. ~ Mature fruits yield silk fibre for stuffing pillows and mattresses. ~ In old time silk is used in making fire. ~ Root bark mixed with honey and given for better health. ~ Dry fruits are employed in calculous affection and fever.

Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae) Bogan vel

BAJ: 289

An exantive climber by mean of curved woody thorns on the stem and branches which are also hairy. Flowers in branched terminal or axillary panicales.

FLS : Throughout the year.


~ Cultivated in the garden and dooryard. ~ Plant is used as fencing.

Brassicajuncea (Linn.) Czerhajew (Brassicaceal) Rai

Ly cultivated

BAJ: 10

50-20 em tall, erect hispid herb. Flowers yellow in racemes.

FLS : Nov - Jan


~ Green leaves used as fodder and vegetable.

FRS :Jan - Feb. Cultivated

68

~ Seed oil is rubbed on inflamed painful parts of the body, on leucoderma and eczema.

~ The dry stem used as a fuel.

~ Crushed seeds are given along with honey in coughs, cools and bronchitis. ~ Cake is given to goat and camel to get more milk. ~ 50 seeds mixed with 25gm fruits of cuminum cyminum and ground; mixed

water and given orally for 7 days in constipation. ~ Powder or roasted seeds and salt in ghee are consumed for stomach pain.

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. (Brassicaceae) Fulavar

BAJ:ll

A small herb. Large number of non fertile flower getting fused together.

FLS : Sept. - Feb. Cultivated.


~ Leaf and inflorescence are used as vegetable and waste part as fodder for cows and pigs.

~ The whole plant is used as a fodder.

Butea mOllosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Fabaceae) Kesudo I Khakhro

BAJ: 76

5 - 20 m. tall, decicuous tree. Bark rough ash - coloured or pale to dark - brown, deeply longitudinally fissured. Flowers attracted bright orange - red or yellow, in big racemes.

FLS : Jan- March.


FRS: Jan. - April. Common.

~ A bath of dry flowers boiled lD water is a treatment of sunstroke and skin diseases.

~ Leaves are serves as plates for domestic purposes. ~ Flowers are yields a yellow dye. ~ Young shoots yield fibres, which is used in ropes and string to tie bundle of

firewood. ~ Decoction of bark is employed in piles, tumours and menstrual disorders. ~ The crushed stem or root bark filled in wounds to prevent decay. ~ Fresh leaves are used in preparing dish (Plate) and cup as locally called

"palmla {lnd padia".

69

~ The ash of dried leaves are mixed with edible oil applied on eczema and decaying ulcers in cattle.

~ The mature leaves are eaten by goats and buffaloes for health and increase lactation.

~ The dry leaves are used as fertilizers and used for ripening of mango fruits. ~ A hot poultice of the leaves is effectively used as antiphlogistic for dispersing

boils, pimples, tumours, haemorrhoids, ulcers and swellings. ~ The pieces of the bark chewed to relieves abnormal thrist. ~ Seed paste is externally applied on ringworm. ~ The gum is applied to ulcers and relaxed sore throat. ~ Rubbed the fruits with milk and given orally to remove intestinal worm. ~ Dry fruits powder mixed with lemon juice and applied externally on ringworm. ~ Juice of leaves is introduced in the ear to remove the insect in the ear. ~ Gum is employed on the wound for fast hoealing. ~ Paste of stem bark is applied on achne and bone fracture. ~ Decoction of leaves is employed in diabetes, colic and piles. ~ Decoction of root is employed in T.B.

Cadabafruticosa (Linn.) Druce. (Capparaceae) Khordu

2-3 m tall, straggling shrubs. Flowers greenish-white.

BAJ: 13

FLS : Oct- Apr FRS :Feb - May Common


~ Leaves crushed with black pepper (piper nigrum) add water and make a syrup and given orally thrice a day to children and adult to control diarrhoea and vomiting.

~ The crushed root applied on finger to check suppuration of finger. ~ The roots and leaves are used in urine obstructions and any urinary trouble. ~ Live plant prevent entry, acts as wind breaker, offers obstruction to sight.

Caesalpinia crista L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Kachka

BAJ: 104

An extensive armed shrubs, with hooked prickles. Flowers yellow In axillary and terminal racemes.

FLS : July. - Dec.


FRS :Sep. - Dec. Common.

~ Decoction of tender leaves IS employed III liver diseases. It IS also used in fever.

70

-7 Leaves are applied to the gums for relieving toothache. -7 The crushed seeds are given internally to cattle as well as children to remove

worms in alimentary canal. -7 Leaf paste is heated and applied externally on swelling. -7 Decoction of powdered seeds is given orally in fever, asthma, colic, diabetes,

T.B., piles, diarrhoea and jaundice. -7 Paste of root bark is applied on scorpion sting and snakebite. -7 Juice / powder of seeds (dry or fresh) is fed to animal against constipation.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Caesalpiniaceae) GaIttoro

BAJ: 105

1.5 - 3 m. tall shrub, bark grayish - brown, rough. Flowers very attractive yellow or reddish yellow in terminal pendulous racemes.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Cultivated.


-7 Flowers yield a dye. -7 Cultivated for its attractive flowers. -7 Decoction of leaves and stem bark is used as vaginal douche for abortion. -7 Decoction of flowers is gi ven in intestinal worms and coughs.

Callistemon lallceolatus Dc. ( Myrtaceae ) Bottelebrush

BAJ: 134

A small evergreen tree with narrow lanceolat leaves on drooping branches, young leaves reddish. Flowers in long drooping spikes which looke like bottle-brush, redcrimsoh in colour.

FLS & FRS: Aug.- Dec. Rare / Cultivated


-7 Culti vated in gardens as ornamental plants. -7 Crushed leaf paste is applied on wounds of cattle.

Caiotropis gigantia (L.) R. Br. (AscIepiadaceae) Safed akdo.

BAJ: 197

3 - 4 m. tall, shrub, much branched, gregarious, young branches covered with white, cottony hairs. Bark ash coloured shallowly longitudinally fissured. Flowes white in umbellate cymes. FLS : Jan. - July FRS :Feb. - Sep.

Rare.

71


-7 The leaves are applied on paralysed part and painful joints. -7 The milk is useful in leprosy, ringworm, eczema, swelling, fistula, rheumatism,

ulcer and toothache. -7 The wood is used in preparation of spoon. -7 It is religious plant and flowers are used during worhip to lord Hanuman. -7 Roasted leaves are applied on rheumatism. -7 Fresh root twigs are used as toothbrush in toothache. -7 Petals of flowers are employed in diabetes, asthma, coughs, cold and

bronchitis.

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) Akdo.

BAJ: 198

A small shrub. Leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, flowers in umbellate cymes, follicles paired.



-7 Root is crushed and its juice is given in ear and teeth diseases. -7 Dry leaves are smoked in a pipe as a remedy for asthma and cough. -7 Fresh leaves slightly roasted and pounded are bandaged to painful rheumatic

joints, swelling and headache. -7 Stem is used with wet clay and prepared the large huge container to store grain

-potu. -7 Dry stem bark yields fibre, which is used in ropes and strings. -7 Latex is used in body pain and rabies. -7 Powder of dry leaves is sprayed over wounds, ulcers and old sores to promote

hoealing. -7 The poultice made of the leaves is applied to inflammatory swelling. -7 The juice from warmed leaves is dropped in the nose for relief of headache and

catarrh. -7 The root is used for cleaning teeth and for relieving toothache. -7 The plant is considered useful in snakebite. -7 Warmed mature leaves are tied on the abdomen on colic complaints. -7 The flowers are offered to 'Lord Hanuman' during worship. -7 The juice of mature leaf is inhaled through nostril on scorpion sting. -7 To prevent the effect of the sunstroke, the leaves are bandaged on head. -7 The gynostegium are used in cough, asthma and loss of appetite. -7 Dry stem is used as a fuel. -7 Latex mixed with cow milk and given orally on rabies. -7 Very tender leaves chewed on cold fever.

72

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) Bhang / Ganjo

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Dec.


~ The plant is a narcotic, inbrient in Gujarat.

BAJ: 329

Cultivated.

~ Bhang is preparation made from specially dried leaves and flowers of plant and taken during festival of • Mahashivratri'.

~ Dried leaves smoked in pipe to cure asthma.

Callscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Bh. (Gentianaceae) Zinku kariatu

BAJ: 208

8 - 45 cm. tall, erect or diffuse slender herb. Flowers pale to bright rosy - purple in dichotomous cymes.

FLS & FRS : Oct. - Mar.


~ Plant used as a goat fodder. ~ Decoction of whole plant is given in common fever.

Callavalia gladiata (Jacq.) Dc. (Fabaceae) Khoti valor

Common.

BAJ: 77

A stoute glabrous, lignose twiner. Flowers blue or white - lilac or pink.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Jan. Common.


~ Very young pods are eaten as snap beans. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on decaying sores having microbial growth in cattle. ~ The climber is used as string to tie bundle of grass or firewood.

Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. (Capparaceae) Kerda

BAJ: 14

2-5 m tall, armed, bushy shrubs, with bark. Flowers red or scarlet in short corymbs.

FLS : Sept. - May. FRS :Nov. More Common

73


~ Unripe fruits used for preparation of pickles and vegetable and sold in folk markets.

~ Decoction of bark is given in fevers, rheumatism, coughs and asthma thrice a day for eight days.

~ Roots is crushed in water and applied on scorpion bite. ~ Maladhri made an instrument called 'Ravai flower' for preparation of

buttermilk from its wood. ~ Wood is used as fuel. ~ Flowers are in gradient of 'curi'. ~ Ash of wood mixed with black paper and honey and given orally in diarrhoea. ~ Young branches mixed with tender leaves of Holoptelia integrifolia paste is

prepared which is applied externally in ringworm and eczema. ~ Two drops of root extract poured in ear to kill microbial flora and worm in it. ~ Food and seeds are given to cattle for increasing milk production and better

health. ~ Live or dead plant used as top fencing and mud boundaries. ~ Young buds are crushed and juice squeezed out of it; 2-3 drops of the juice put

in each ear in earache.

Capparis grail dis Linn. (Capparaceae) Ghuti, Thikar

5-10 feet tall, thorny tree

FLS : Apr-May


~ Twigs are used as fencing.

BAJ: 15

FRS :Sept - May Not common

~ Oil obtained from seed is used as fuel and medicine. ~ Handles of hoe, axe is prepared from its wood. ~ Solid single pieace of wood is used to prepare whey containers and a churner. ~ Crushed leaves are tied on stiff part due to rheumatism. ~ Ash of root and stembark mixed in cow milk and given orally twice a day for

two days in cholera and Indigestion. ~ Decoction of leaves given orally thrice a day for a 10 days for blood

purification.

74

Capparis sepiaria Linn. (Capparaceae) Kanthar

BAJ: 16

Erect climbing shrubs, flowers white, stamens exceeding the betals; fruit globose berry, deep purple.

FLS : Oct - Apr


FRS :Nov - May Not common

~ The roots are crushed along with ginger and asafoetida and the paste applied externally to cure mumps for three days.

~ The decoction of bark and root powder is given in dropsy and gout I table spoon twice a day for 4 days.

~ Leaves are used as fooder and wood as a fuel. ~ Paste of leaves is applied externally on eczema, scabies, swellings, boils. ~ Live or dried condition plant offers mechanical barrier. ~ Handle of agricultural implement prepared from wood.

Capsicum annum L. var. acuminatum Fingerh. (Solanaceae) Marchu.

30 - 60 cm. tall, erect glabrous herb. Flowers white.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year.


BAJ: 232

Cultivated.

~ Cultivated for its fruits, which are used as vegetable and condiments. ~ Dry fruits are used as a spice. ~ Decoction of fruit is used in kill of insect. ~ Fruits used in preparation of pickled. ~ Dried powdered fruit is applied on part bitten by dog.

Cardiospermum halicacabum Roxb. (Sapindaceae) Karodiyo.

BAJ: 69

Annual slender, glabrous or sparsely delicate climber. Flowers white In terminal cymes on tendrils.



~ Decoction of root is given in rheumatism, lumbago and nervous diseases.

75

-7 Poultice of leaves applied externally on rheumatism. -7 Juice of the plant is given internally as a demulcent m gonorrhoea and

pulmonary diseases. -7 Paste of whole plant is used for reducing swellings and hardened tumours. -7 Juice of leaves is dropped in the ear to give relief from earache. -7 The paste of leaves is used as a dressing for syphilitic sores, scuts and injuries. -7 The root is considered useful in the treatment of bleeding piles. -7 Seeds are used as a tonic in fever. -7 Leaves, stem and root are used for snakebite. -7 Juice of leaves applied externally on skin diseases. -7 Plant juice is fed to infants in flatulence.

Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) Papayu

BAJ: 143

2 - 5 m. tall, small soft wooded, dioecious or monoecious tree. With milky juice with greenish - white corky bark. Flowers white.

FLS & FRS :All months. Cultivated.


-7 Cultivated for its fruits. -7 The unripe fruit is used as a vegetable it is also used in preparation of pickled. -7 The milky juice is employed to cure ringworm. -7 The ripe fruit is much used chiefly to cure digestive troubles. -7 Pulp of fruit used as an ingredient in face creams and hair shampoo. -7 Roasted leaves are applied on painful parts for relief of nervous pains. -7 Paste of unripe fruit is applied externally on burning sensation of body part. -7 Paste of roasted leaves are applied on breasts of nursing mother to increase

milk.

Carrisa congesta Wight. (Apocynaceae) Karmda

BAJ: 188

A large armed evergreen shrub. Bark light grey or yellowish - brown, rough, scaly. Flowers white in terminal corrymbose cymes.

FLS : Jan. - Mar.

EthnobotanicaI uses:

-7 The ripe fruits are edible.

FRS :Jan. - Mar. Common.

-7 The unripe fruits are used in preparation of pickles. -7 Decoction of Icaves is given in common fever.

76

Decoction of root is given orally to relieve poisonous effect caused by the any reptiles bite. Infusion of root is given in fevers.

Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Aval

BAJ: 106

I - 2 m. tall erect, much branched, bushy shrubs. Flowers yellow in axillary and terminal raceme.

FLS & FRS :All months. Common.


~ Tender branches are used as toothbrushes. ~ The bark is very useful in tanning leather. ~ Decoction of the inflorescence is excellent remedy for diabetes, it is also used

as pessaries by women to check excessive menstrual flow. ~ Int1usion of seed is dropped in the eye incase of eye troubles. ~ Decoction of root is used in skin diseases. ~ Dry stem is used as fuel. ~ Paste of leaves is bandaged on swellings due to dislocation of bone. ~ Decoction of root bark is given orally to remove abdominal complaints,

vomiting and diarrhoea. ~ The dry long branches are used in preparation of wall of the hut and 'gate'. ~ Tender branches are also used in preparation of basket. ~ Gum of the plant is mixed in latex of FicLis benghalensis and about 20 ml. of

this mixture is given four times a day for about a fortnight to expel urinary stone.

Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Garmalo

BAJ: 107

6 - 12 m. tall, deciduous tree. With bark dark - brown and rough in older parts grey and smooth in younger parts. Flowers yellow to golden - yellow in branched racemes.

FLS : Apr. - June.


FRS :Throughout the year. Cultivated.

~ Pulp of the fruit is given to avoid constipation it is also used in chest and hoeart diseases.

77

-7 Wood is used in preparation of tool handle. -7 The seeds are crushed with water the extract is given internally to the cattle to

stop diarrhoea. -7 The unripe pod crushed and mixed with castor oil is administered orally to the

animal on windiness in stomach. -7 The stem bark is used for tanning leather. -7 The leaf paste is applied externally on skin diseases. -7 Decoction of root is given in fever and constipation. -7 Gum is used in toothache and constipation. -7 Endosperm is eaten for the cure of diabetes. The doss is about 5 gm in

the morning for 2-3 days.

Cassia italica (Mill) Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) Mindhi aval.

BAJ: 108

30 - 60 cm. tall, herbs some what woody at base. Flowers yellow in axillary and terminal racemes.

FLS & FRS :June - Jan. Common.


-7 Fresh leaves are boiled in water and next day this filtered water mixed with jaggery and given internally to avoid constipation.

-7 Seed mixed with pulp of fruit (Cassia fistula) and prepared a paste it is applied on flngworm.

-7 Root rubbed with water and applied on mammalian gland to cure tumour of mammalian gland.

-7 Powder of dry leaves is employed in constipation, indigestion, flatulence and colic.

Cassia occidentalis L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Kasundaro

BAJ: 109

0.5 - 1.5 m. tall erect glabrous, undrshrub. Flowers bright reddish - yellow in terminal and axillary racemes.



-7 The roasted seeds are used as substitute for coffce. -7 Paste of leaves and seeds is applied on skin diseases. -7 The decoction of stem bark mixed with honey and is administered orally to the

diabetic person.

78

Decoction of root is given orally in fever.

Cassia pumila Lam. BAJ: 110 (Caesalpiniaceae) Chamediyu / Chemed

Prostrate, procumbent or sub - erect herb. Flowers pale to bright yellow.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Oct.


~ Seed used as a purgative.

Cassia siamea Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) Kasid.

Common.

BAJ: 111

4 - 10 m. tall trees with light blackish-brown, rough longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers pale-yellow, in panicles.



~ Old wood almost black and very strong it is used in for law furniture. ~ Dry leaves as manure.

Cassia (ora L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Kuvadiyo

30 - 100 cm. tall, suffruticose, glabrous herb. Flowers yellow.

BAJ: 112

FLS : Aug. - Dec. FRS :Aug. - Dec. Common.


~ Paste of seeds and root are applied on ringworm and scabies. ~ The fried seeds are used as substitute as coffee. ~ Decoction of leaves is given to the children having fever while teething. ~ Poultice of leaves is applied on boils, gout, sciatica and pains in joints. ~ Paste of leaves fried in castor oil is applied to foul ulcers.

79

Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. (Casuarinaceae) Saru

BAJ: 330

10 - 12 m. tall, evergreen trees, with brown to blackish - brown bark. Male t10wers in terminal spikes, numerous. Females are borne lower down in fascicles globose or ovoid spikes.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


-7 Wood used for house posts.

FLS : Oct. - June Cultivated.

-7 Decoction of bark is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. -7 Decoction of leaves used in colic. -7 Bark used for dyeing and tanning leather.

Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don. (Apocynaceae) Nani barmasi / Karpati Rai

BAJ: 189

10 - 20 CIIl. tall an erect herb. Flowers white in axillary solitary.

FLS : July - Oct.


FRS :July - Oct. Common.

-7 Plant poisonous particularly to cattle causing temporary blindness with urticarial rash on the body.

-7 A thick extract is made from 250 gm crushed root in 2.5 litres. It is strained and evaporated on gentle heat when the volume is reduced about \/2 litre, 1-2 table spoon is taken orally twice a day for 30 days in diabetes.

Catharanthus roseus (L.)G.Don. (Apocynaceae) Sadafuli

BAJ: 190

A small shrub, leaves opposite, oblong. Flowers in axillary clusters or solitary, pink or white. Fruit a pair of follicles.

FLS & FRS :All months Rare


-7 The leaves are used in diabetes to remove sugar. -7 The petals are llsed to obtain pink dye.

80

Cayratia camosa (Lam.) Gagnep. (AmpeJideae) Khat khatumbo.

BAJ: 68

Slender herbaceous climbers, some what woody at the base. Flowers greenish white in branched cymes.

FLS & FRS :July - Dec. Common.


~ Poultice of leaves is very useful in the treatment of yoke sores on the necks of bullocks.

~ Paste of root is applied on swellings due to boils and tumor. ~ Decoction of root is mixed with milk and given orally to person on sexual

debility. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on boils and to check blooding from wounds. ~ Fruits are used in jaundice.

Celastrus paniculata Willd. (Celastraceae) Malkagni

BAJ: 60

Extensive twiners with pale - brown, warty lenticellate bark. Flowers greenish -yellow in long terminal and axillary racemes.

FLS : Apr. - June.


~ Seed oil is employed in rheumatic pains.

FRS :May. - Nov. Common.

~ The powdered seeds used as a brain tonic and increase memory power. ~ Paste of root is applied on snakebite and other poisonous animal bite. ~ Paste of stem bark is applied on wounds for fast hoealing. ~ Seed crushed in cow's urine and the paste is applied on scabies. ~ 3-4 drops of seed oil are taken with 1 table spoon of water once a day on empty

stomach for one month in Tuberculosis. ~ Three table spoon of seed oil are given to women after delivery once a day for

3 days.

Celosia argentea L. (Amaranthaceae) Lambdi

BAJ: 296

30 - 10 cm. tall, annual crect simple or branched glabrous herb. Flowers bright pinkish - purple or glistening white in spike.

FLS & FRS :July. - Dec. Common.

81


-7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 The seeds are useful in diarrhoea, eye troubles and sore mouth. -7 Plant eaten as a potherb in times of scarcity. -7 Decoction of leaves is given internally on colic complains and also to start

urination. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils as well as poisonous animal sting. -7 Decoction of whole is given in calculus, gonorrhoea an dcystitis. -7 Root paste is applied locally on stomach for urinary stone for a month.

Cnechrus pennisetijormis Hocst & Steud. (Poaceae)

BAJ: 373

30-50 cm. tall glabrous herbs. Racemes 4-15 cm. long solitary terminal. Spikelets 0.6-0.8 cm. long.

FLS & FRS :Sept.- Oct. Ethnobotanical uses:

-7 Common animal fodder for goat and camel.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae) Bhrami

Common

BAJ: 156

30 - 40 cm. long radially creeping herb. Flowers pink or red in axillary fasciculate umbels.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Nov. Rare.


-7 The leaves are household remedy for the treatment of early stage of dysentery in children.

-7 Infusion of leaves is given as a remedy for syphilitic, leprosy, fever, bowel complaints, rheumatism, indigestion and nervousness.

-7 The leaves dried in shade and prepared a powdered and given internally for improving memory and for mental weakness.

-7 Juice of leaves mixed with milk and given orally as an alterative tonic in gonorrhoea, jaundice and common fever.

-7 Paste of whole plant is applied on the part stung by snake. -7 Leaf juice is administered orally to reduce abdominal colic pam during

menstruation. -7 Freshly collected young leaves are taken as ' Salad' with boiled potato.

82

Cestrum nocturllum L. (Solanaceae) Rat - ni - rani

BAJ: 233

1.5 - 2 m. tall shrub, branches with lenticels. Flowers yellowish green.

FLS : July - Jan.


-7 Flower yield very sweet scanted at night.

Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae) Chi I.

FRS :Aug. - Feb. Cultivated.

BAJ: 302

20 - 50 cm. tall, annual erect herb. Flowers minute, green clustered in axillary and terminal compact spike.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - Mar. Common


-7 Tender leaves are eaten as 'bhaji' and very useful in urinary troubles and colic. -7 Plant used as fodder. -7 Decoction of whole plant mixed with honey is given to relieve body pain. -7 Seeds boiled in milk are administered to cure gastritis.

Chenopodium murale L. (Chenopodiaceae) BareIo

BAJ: 303

20 - 50 cm. tall, erect herb. Flowers green clustered in axillary and terminal spike. Growing as a weed.

FLS & FRS: Nov. - Feb. Not common.


-7 Juice of leaves is given orally in piles, coughs, tonic and worms. -7 Plant used as fodder.

Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker. (Liliaceae) Kali musaly / Karli ni Bhaji

BAJ: 345

A small herb. with tuberous root. Flowers white in racemes.

FLS & FRS :July. - Aug. Common at hilly area

83


-7 Tender leaves are used as 'bhaji'. -7 The roots are used as tonic. -7 Powdered root is given in sexual debility.

Chrozophora prostrata Dalz. (Euphorbiaceae) Betho okharad

Prostrate herb. Flowers in terminal and axillary, cyme.

FLS & FRS :Dec. - May.


-7 Plant is used as fodder. -7 Ash of root is given with honey in coughs.

Cicer arietinum L. (Fabaceae) Chana

Diffuse herb. Flowers violet - purple in axillary solitary.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - Feb.


BAJ: 310

Common.

BAJ: 78

Cultivated.

-7 Seeds widely consumed as 'dal' and in various other preparation. -7 Raw or roasted seeds are eaten. -7 Germinated seeds used as a prophylactic against deficiency diseases,

particularly in scurvy. -7 Husk of fruit is used as cattle feed. -7 The rousted seeds are used as a food for the patient suffering from jaundice and

coughs. -7 A bath prepared from powdered seeds in hot water is good beneficial in painful

menstruation for women.

Cissampelos pareira Linn. (Menispermaceae) Venivel

BAJ:4

Twining shrubs; leaves ovate-orbicular, obtuse, apiculate, base cordate, glaucous beneath; inflorescence a raceme; fruits globose, deep red.

FSL & FRS :Sept - Oct. Not common

84


~ About 7-10 cc juice from the leaves is mixed with 10 gm sugar and 200cc milk. The mixture is taken on an empty stomach for three consecutive mornings for jaundice.

~ 5gm root is made into a paste in ricewater is given twice a day for about month to cure leprosy.

~ Crushed root is applied on snake bite. ~ Decoction of root is used (I table spoon twice a day) to cure diarrhoea. ~ Leaves paste is applied (twice a day) externally on cuts and at the place of

animal bites. ~ Fresh root crushed in water and given in calculi ~ Root paste is given thrice daily for 5 days in intermittent fever. ~ The leaf paste is used for bandaging fractured bone. ~ Plant yields a strong fibre. ~ By boiling twigs of the plant, cut into small pieces in water decoction is

prepared. Three table spoon full of the red decoction is given to cattle, 4-5 times in a day in swelling of abdomen due to flatulency.

Cissus quadrangularis L. (AmpeJideae) Had sankar.

BAJ: 67

Succulent, tendril climbers. Flowers greenish white or creamy white in short cymes in umble.

FLS : June. - Oct.


FRS :Aug. - Dec. Cultivated I Wild

~ Paste of stem is applied on bone fracture as a plaster. ~ Juice of stem prescribed in scurvy and ear complaints. ~ The young shoots are used in preparation of curries. ~ Infusion of crushed plant is used as vaginal douche to increase menses. ~ Salt is added into boiled and squeezed leaves which are eaten to increase

digestion. ~ Stem pieces are spread over the bed. The patient is advised to take rest on it for

at least two hours daily for three days to cure backache.

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) Indravarna.

BAJ: 145

Prostrate, scabrid - hairy herb. Flowers pale yellow in axillary, solitary.

FLS & FRS :Oct - Nov. Common.

85


-7 Decoction of root is given in jaundice, rheumatism and urinary troubles. -7 Roasted seeds are edible. -7 Fruit pulp is applied in vagina for abortion and to increase menses. -7 Fruit is employed in biliousness, jaundice, fever, constipation, dropsy, coughs

and bronchitis. -7 Fruit is fed to camel to dissuade them from eating sand. -7 Fruit is slightly warmed and fed to camel as a tonic.

Citrus lemon (L.) Burm. F. (Rutaceae) Limbu.

BAJ: 53

2 - 6 m. tall, thorny large shrub or small tree, with pale greenish - yellow rough bark. Flowers white in axillary, solitary.



-7 Ripe fruit is used in the preparation of beverages.

-7 Lemon juice is very useful for scurvy. -7 Fruit pulp is very acidic hence extensively used for culinary purpose and

flavouring. -7 Fruits are used in preparation of pickled. -7 Juice of fresh ripen fruit is being successfully employed in vomiting, nausea,

scurvy, dyspepsia, obesity and cholera.

Cleome gynandra Linn (Capparaceae) Tanmani

BAJ: 17

30-60 cm. tall, viscidly hairy, annual herbs, Flowers white III terminal corymbs, Aglandular pubescent much branched herb.

FLS : Aug - Nov


FRS :Aug - Nov Common

-7 Leaves are also used as vegetable in the time of scarcity. -7 Decoction of seed is given orally in epilepsy and typhoid fever 1 table spoon

thrice a day for ten days. -7 The paste of leaves applied externally boils to prevent pus formation (twice a

day). -7 Vapour of boiling seed is inhaled thrice a day to cure cough, fever.

86

-7 Seeds are used as spices and condiments. -7 Leaf extract boiled in groundnut oil and poured 2 to 3 drops in ear to remove

earache.

Cleome simplicijolia (Camb.) Hook & Thoms. (Capparaceae) Bethi Talavani

BAJ: 18

1-2 feet tall herb, basal region much branched, t10wer purple.

FLS : Aug - Nov


FRS :Aug - Nov Most abundant

-7 Ash of it mixed with groundnut oil and applied on wound on neck region of cattle.

-7 Crushed seed applied on joint pain. -7 Seed crushed in buttermilk applied on ring worm. -7 Fodder of cattle.

Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparaceae) Pili Talavani

BAJ: 19

30-80 cm tall, glandular pubescent herb, Flowers yellow terminal racemes. FLS : Jul- Nov FRS :Aug - Nov

Common Ethnobotanical uses:

-7 Root paste is used to cure headaches. -7 Leaf extract is used as remedy against discharge of pus from ear and also

deafness. -7 Seeds are used as condiments and in the convulsion of children. -7 Tender leaves is considered blood purifier. -7 Juice of fresh leaves is given orally twice a day with water to cure fever.

Clerodendron inerme (L.) Gaertn. (Verbenaceae) Vad mendi.

BAJ: 265

Glabrous or sparsely hairy shrubs. Flowers white in axillary cymes.



-7 Plant is cultivated in the garden for the preparation of the hedge. -7 Juice of leaves is given in common fever, malaria and sexual diseases.

87

~ Paste of leaves is applied on itches, boils and rheumatism. ~ Fresh root paste is applied twice a day for 4 days in burns.

Clerodendron multiflorum (Burm. f.) O. Ktze. (Verbenaceae) Ami / Vad ami

BAJ: 266

2.5 - 4 m. tall, large shrub or small tree, with creamy white to grey bark. Flower creamy white in axillary dichotomous cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Feb. Common.


~ Decoction of root is used as a demulcent in gonorrhoea and in obesity. ~ Paste of root is applied on snakebite. ~ The fresh leaves are bounded over the eyes in opthelmia. ~ The smoke pipe 'chalam' is prepared from the wood. ~ The dry stem is used to ignite the fire. ~ Tender branches are used in preparation of 'potu' - a large huge container to

store grain. ~ The root and leaves are boiled in water the bath taken with this water to relieve

body pain. ~ Paste of leaves is bandaged on swelling part. ~ Root paste is applied on legs for 2-3 hours once a day for I week.

Clitoria tematea L. (Fabaceae) Gami bibari

BAJ: 79

Slender rambling twiners. Flowers attractive blue or white.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


~ Seeds are given as laxative for children. ~ Blue flowers yield a blue dye. ~ Leaves used as fodder.

FRS :Aug. - Jan. Common.

~ Root of this plant rubbed with water and ointment on 1cucodermatic spot. ~ Juice of leaves is dropped in to ear in earache. ~ One full spoon of crushed fresh root bark is taken with cup of warm milk twice

a day for two weeks as diuretic. ~ 50 g seeds are crushed in a cup of water and given to the patient once a day for

three days as purgative.

88

Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt. (Cucurbitaceae) Kadvi Gholi.

Herbaceous slender glabrous climber. Flowers axillary solitary white.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Feb. Wild.


-7 Raw fruits are edible and used as a vegetable.

BAJ: 146

-7 The juice of young fruits and roots is used in diabetes and piles. -7 Flowers are given in jaundice, itching and biliousness.

Cocculus hirsutus (L) Diels. (Menispermaceae) Vevdi,vadhi

BAJ:5

A straggling scandent twiners, young parts full of long weak hairs( villows); branches marked with grooves or ridges. Flowers unisexual greenish yellow in auxiliary.

FLS & FRS :Feb - Apr. More Common


-7 Dccoction of leaves and roots is used to allay irritation, fever, rheumatism and leucoderma.

-7 Juice of leaves taken internally to cure gonorrhoea. -7 Mucilaginous juice of leaves mixed with water and applied in eczema, prurigo

and impetigo. -7 Fresh and dry leaves are common fodder for goats and camel in Barda Hills. -7 Crushed leaves with water and paste is kept on eyes to get rapid relief from

heat stroke. -7 Leaf paste is used in toothache. -7 Leaves are used as vegetable for the treatment of night blindness. -7 Leaves are used orally with bark extract of "Neem" as a poison antidote.

Cocculus pendulus (Forst.) Diels. (Menispermaceae) orap, parwat

BAJ:6

A straggling scan dent, undershrub, twiners, rarely hairs on young part stcm color is brown or white. round smooth glaucous green leaves, male t10wer sessile.

FLS & FRS :Feb - Apr Not common


89

-7 Its root is given to a person who wish to leave the habit of taking opium for few days.

-7 Crushed root powder with sugar cube is given in diarrhoea twice a day for three days.

-7 Decoction of fresh root with piper and goat milk is taken for a month in arthritis.

-7 Purple dye is obtain from ripen fruit is used as ink. -7 In scarcity people eat its leaves as substitute of food.

Coccos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) Naliyeri

BAJ: 351

8 - 15 m. tall tree, with straight or slightly bent trunk based part covered with massive rootlets. Flowers in spadix.



-7 The trees have a great commercial value. -7 Coconut fibre from the husk used for preparation in mats, ropes and brushes. -7 Coconut milk (water) is refreshing drink. -7 The fruit is considered sacred and good symbol of fortune. -7 The fruit is believed to fulfils ones desire and so it is offered to god, and it is

also used in wedding and other auspicious social and religious occasions. -7 Dried flesh (copra) is edible and good source of oil. It is also given in general

debility, fever and thirst. -7 The inner layer of the fruit (kachali) is used as cup and preparation of musical

instrument. -7 Oil is edible and also used as hair oil for nourishment of hairs.

Coldenia procllmbens (L.) (Boraginaceae) Okhrad.

Prostrate, glaucous -green. Flowers pale yellow.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - July.


-7 Paste of fresh leaves is applied to rheumatic swelling.

BAJ: 213

Common.

90

Coiocasia escuiallta (L.) SchoU. (Arecaceae) Alvi

BAJ: 356

A small herb with a tubrorus conn. Flowers pale yellow or creamy yellow glabrus spadix shorter than spathes.

FLS : July - Sep.


FRS :July - Oct. Cultivated.

~ Whole plant is used as vegetable and corm for sting of bees. ~ Fresh green tender leaves are used as vegetable for increasing milk In

mammalian gland. ~ Ash of petiole is mixed with honey and given to cure from worm.

Commelilla bellghaiellsis L. (Commelinaceae) Motu sismuliyu.

BAJ: 348

Diffuse or sub erect glabrescent herb, with dichotomously branched slender stem, creeping and rooting below. Flowers bright - blue, in turbinate spathe.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Oct. Common.


~ Whole plant is used as a fodder, and it is purgative. ~ Leaves are used as a pot herb in time of scarcity. ~ Infusion of leaves used in leprosy. ~ Leaves and tender shoots are cooked as vegetable. ~ The 'Pakoris' made by mixing leaves and tender shoot with 'besan' (gram

flour) are given to the patient of leprosy.

Commelilla diffusa Burm. f. (Commelinaceae) Sismuliyu.

BAJ: 349

30 - 60 cm. tall, annuals creeping herb, rooting at nodes. Flowers blue or white in a spathe.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Oct. Common.


~ Fresh leaves are used as a vegetable and fodder. It is also used for poulticing sorces.

91

-7 Bruised plant applied to boils, itches and burns.

Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Burseraceae) Gugal

BAJ: 57

Presence of resin- ducts, compound leaves, unisexual flowers, distinct stamens.

FLS : Jan - Apr.

Ethnobotnical uses:

FRS: Jan - May Common

-7 Gum-resins are used as incense and perfumery and also to cure gums, pyorrhoea and cough problems.

-7 Paste of leaves is applied (3 times a day) externally on cuts and wounds.

-7 Young branches are used as tooth brush to cure pyorrhoia. -7 Gums were mixed with the flour of wheat and gram and were eaten. It is

presume that such practices provide energy to the body.

Convolvulus arvellsis L. (Convolvulaceae) Khetrau phudardi.

BAJ: 219

A small prostrate, creeping herb. Flowers axillary, solitary bright - rosy purple.



-7 Whole plant is used as a fodder. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils.

Convolvulus microphyllus (Roth.) Sieb. ex. Spr. (Convolvulaceae) Dholi shankhavali

Common.

BAJ: 220

15 - 30 cm. long prostrate or sub erect, hairy herb. Flowers pale to bright - rosy, axillary, solitary or in fascicles.

FLS & FRS :July - Jan. Common.


-7 Plant is used as fodder. -7 Infusion of leaves is given in diabetes, polyuria and to increase memory power.

92

Corchorus aestuans L. (Tiliaceae) Kagda sing / Gitali.

BAJ: 40

An erect herb, hairy in younger parts. Flowers small, yellow axillary, solitary or clustered.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


~ Plant used as a source of jute fibre.

FRS :Aug. - Nov. Common.

~ Leaves are consumed along with the diet as a tonic. ~ Plant used as a fodder. ~ Decoction of fruit is given in fever.

Corchorus capsularis L. (Tiliaceae) Bor chhunchh.

BAJ: 41

40 - 200 cm. tall, erect, glabrous herb or under shrub. Flowers yellow axillary, solitary or 2 - 3 fascicled.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


~ Plant is used as a source of jute fibre. ~ Fresh leaves are used as fodder. ~ Decoction of fruit is gi ven in stomachache.

FRS :Sep. - Dec. Rare.

~ Juice of tender leaves (15-20 ml) diluted with equal volume of water is given twice a day for acute Jaundice.

Corchorus olitorius L. BAJ: 42 (Tiliaceae) Moti chhunchh / Chhunchhd.

45 - 100 cm. tall, erect, glabrous herb or under shrubs. Flowers yellow in solitary, axillary, 2 - 3 fascicled.



~ Plant is used for making jute.

93

-7 Leaves used as tonic and febrifuge. -7 It is also used as demulcent in cystitis. -7 Decoction of the dried root and unripe capsules is given in diarrhoea. -7 Paste of fresh leaves is applied on swelling. -7 Fresh leaf paste is applied on forehead to relieve pain.

Cordia dichotoma Forst. (Ehretiaceae) Gundo I Vad gunda

BAJ: 210

9 - 13 m. tall trees with ash coloured or blackish brown rough bark. Flowers creamy yellow or nearly white in axillary and terminal cymes.

FLS : Mar. - May


FRS :June - Sept. Common.

-7 The ripe fruits are eaten and unripe fruits are used in preparation of pickled. -7 The ripe fruits are mucilaginous and very useful as a demulcent it is much used

in cough and diseases of the chest. -7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder. -7 Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implement and tool handles. -7 Wood is also used in preparation of wooden measure container known as

'pay/i' .

-7 Dry fruits are used as cattle feed. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils, ulcers and wound for fast hoealing. -7 Fresh fruits are crushed and mixed in 500 ml in water in the proportion 1:2.

This solution is given only once to animal suffering from diarrhoea.

Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) Ehrenb. & Asch. (Ehretiaceae) Gundi

BAJ: 211

5 - 8 m. tall trees with grey or pale brown longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers white.

FLS : Oct. - Mar.


FRS :Oct. - May. Common.

-7 Fresh leaves of the plant is eaten by tribal people. -7 Ripe fruits are edible. -7 Dry fruits used as cattle feed. -7 Unripe fruits used as pickle. -7 Paste of bark is also applied on boils and wounds for fast healing. -7 Twigs are used as toothbrush.

94

The ladies and children chew the stembark with Kattha as a substitute for pan to redden their lips and tongue at the occasion of festivals and marriages.

Crate va (apia Linn. (Capparaceae) Vayvarno

BAJ: 20

A small unarmed deciduous tree with ash - colored bark. Flowers white or creamy white in terminal corymbs, Fruit berry many seeded with a hard rind.

FLS : Mar - Apr


FRS :Mar - May Not common

-7 Inhabitants of Barda Hills use paste of its bark for killing guinea-worms. The paste is applied locally on the affected part with feathers of cock.

-7 Decoction of bark is given in calculus and other urinary infection and cancer for a month.

-7 The leaves are cooked and used as vegetable to cure neuralgic pains, paralysis and chronic rheumatism.

-7 Paste of leaves applied externally on gouty swelling for one week. -7 Toys are prepared from wood. -7 Crushed unripe fruits applied on abscesses. -7 Decoction of dried flowers is given I table spoon twice a day in toxiemia. -7 Stem bark and root boiled in caster oil is used as an embrocation in case of

chronic rheumatism. -7 Juice of leaves is given orally in intestinal troubles, to increase appetite and in

weakness due to fever.

Crinum defixum Ker-GwaI. (Amaryllidaceae) Gavari Kand.

BAJ: 337

A stout perennial herb, with big tunicated bulb. Flowers white in terminal umbels.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Nov. Cultivated / Wild.


-7 Plant is cultivated for ornaments. -7 Bulb used in bilious ness and in strangurry and other urinary troubles. -7 Leaf juice with the addition of a lillIe salt it is dropped in to the ear in earache.

95

Bulb is cut bilaterally with knife and pressed on the axis of the eye. This removes dirt and dust from the pinkeye of animal.

Crotolariajllncea L. (Fabaceae) Shan

BAJ: 80

0.4 - 2 m. tall, erect rigid, silky - pubescent under shrub. Flowers bright yellow in terminal and lateral lax racemes.

FLS & FRS :Sept - Nov. Cultivated / Wild.


-7 Plant cultivated for 'sunn hemp,' which is used in preparation of gunny and cordage.

-7 Plants are grown as a green manure crop. -7 Bark is yields a strong fibre. -7 Dry stem is used as fuel. -7 Oral feeding of aqueous filterate of boiled roots expels placenta in animals.

Cryptostegia grandijlora R.Br. (Periplocaceae) Rubber vel.

BAJ: 206

Woody climber with plenty of latex. Flowers large showy, pinkish - white.

FLS & FRS :May - Dec.


-7 An interior rubber has been produced from the milk. -7 Stem is yields fibre. -7 Seeds are contains a fixed oil. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on swellings and rheumatism.

Ctenolepis cerasiformis (Stocks) Hk. F. (Cucurbitaceae) Ankh futamani

Monoeciolls glabrous climber. Flowers pale yellow.



Rare.

BAJ: 147

Common.

-7 The poultice of root is externally applied on swelling due to rheumatism.

96

-7 Infusion of root is given to the animal to relieve windiness in stomach. -7 Pulp of the fruit is applied on the 'ratva' (red pimples on the skins)

Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. Ex. Congo & Harms. (Cucurbitaceae) Kothimda.

Prostrate scabrid herb. Flowers yellow in axillary, solitary.

FLS & FRS :July. - Feb.


-7 Ripe fruits are edible. -7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 Ripe fruit is used on finger to stop pus formation. -7 Ripe fruits used as vegetable.

BAJ: 148

Common.

-7 Prepared a chips from ripe fruits it used with other vegetable, fro it will give the better taste.

-7 The root is rubbed in water and applied on any poisonous animal sting. -7 Pulp of fruit is given to women for abortion and to increase menses.

Cucumis melo L. var. Melo. (Cucurbitaceae) Kharbuja / Sakkar teti.

BAJ: 149

A prostrate, monoeciuos herb. Flowers yellow in axillary, solitary or clustered.

FLS : Mar. - May


-7 Ripe fruits and seeds are sweet and edible. -7 Seeds are used in calculus troubles. -7 Paste of leaves is applied in chronic eczema.

FRS :Mar. - July Cultivated.

-7 Feeding powdered fruit mixed in whey cures dysentery and gastric problems in cattle.

Cuminum cyminum L. (Apiaceae) Jiru

BAJ: 157

10 - 25 cm. tall, annual herb. Flowers pale to bright rosy pink or white.

FLS & FRS :Ocl. - Mar. Cultivated.

97


-7 Cultivated for its fruits. -7 Dry fruits used as a condiment in curry. -7 Fruits are useful in dyspepsia and diarrhoea. -7 A poultice made of the fruit is used as resolving swellings on the breasts. -7 Seeds are given to the women to increase secretion of milk in mammalian

gland. -7 Paste of fruits is applied in vagina in cases of leucorrhoea and menorrhagia.

Curculigo orchioides Gaerth. ( Hypoxidaceae ) Kali musali

BAJ: 338

Rootstock stout, elongated. Leaves sessile, linear, lanceolate, plicate. Scape short, flattened. Flowers bright yellow.

FLS : Aug.- Oct.


-7 Root paste with Ac:aci sp. And supari Areca sp. Is used in bone fracture. -7 Root powder mixed with sugarcube and given in diabetes. -7 Root mixed with milk and boiled, it is taken as nutritive drink.

Curcuma amada Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) Amba haldar.

BAJ: 333

A large perennial herb, with big palmately branched rhizome which is yellow inside and aromatic. Flowers fragrant in spike.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Oct. Cultivated.


-7 The paste of rhizome is applied on blunt injury and sprains. -7 The rhizome is used as pickled. -7 The powder of the dried rhizome is given orally with milk for better health. -7 Juice of rhizome is applied externally on any kind of skin diseases. -7 Rhizome is employed in asthma, bronchitis, coughs, anorexia, indigestion,

hiccup, urticaria and flatulence. -7 Dry rhizome powder is used in face packs to cure acne and blemishes.

98

Cuscuta chinensis Lamk. (Cuscutaceae) Amarvel.

BAJ: 231

A parasitic twinners, with creamy yellow glabrous somewhat thick and fleshy stems. Flowers white or creamy white. FLS & FRS :Nov. - Apr. Common.


-7 Stem is used in flatulence and liver complaints. -7 Paste of the stem is externally used in itch. -7 Stem is boiled in water then vapour is inhaled through nostrils to relieve fever. -7 The infusion of the stem is used as a wash for sores and itch.

Cyanotis cristata (L.) Schult. F. (Commelinaceae)

Diffuse or sub erect annuals. Flowers violet - purple in spathes.

BAJ: 350

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Oct. Common.


-7 A good forage plant.

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) Dharo / Dhrokad

BAJ: 374

A small perennial creeping herbs, with slender erect, 10 - 30 cm. tall clumps. Flowers in spikes. Spikelets sessile.



-7 Plant is used as fodder. -7 Infusion of the herb with milk is prescribed for bleeding plies. -7 Externally the fresh juice of the herb is used for checking bleeding from the

nose. -7 Infusion of the leaves is given orally to check vomiting. -7 Plant is believed auspicious in Hindu religious. -7 Whole plant paste is applied externally to cure ulcers and alti. -7 Whole plant extract mixed with mustard oil is applied externally to cure

urticaria.

99

Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. (Cyperaceae)

60 - 75 cm tall glabrous herb. Inflorescence terminal, lax often with a central spike. Spikelets brownish - yellow coloured.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Ethnobotanical uses:

Common.

-7 Plant is used in preparation of hut roof in folk market in Kileshwar. -7 The tea of the rhizome taken by the Maldhari as a strong contraceptive, which

is said to be able to cause sterilization; according to the natives it must be taken at the time of the new or full moon.

Cyperus atkinsoni Ci. (Cyperaceae) Chiyadio

BAJ: 361

6 - IS cm. tall herb, rhizomatous solitary or tufted. Spikelets reddish to yellowish brown in capitate head.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Sep.


-7 Whole plant is used as fodder.

Cyperus bulbosus Vahl. (Cyperaceae) Thangi

Common.

BAJ: 362

10 - 40 cm tall perennial glabrous bulbous herbs. Inflorescence a compound umbel or reduced to a capitate head.

FLS & FRS :July - Dec.


-7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 The bulbs under the name 'Thek' are dug up and eaten.

Cyperus compressus L. (Cyperaceae)

Common.

BAJ: 363

4 - 4 cm tall erect or diffuse glabrous herb. Inl10rescence a compound umbel. Spikelets compresscd linear to ovate lanceolate.

FLS & FRS :July - Oct. Common.

100


~ Whole plant is used as fodder.

Cyperus esculentus L. (Cyperaceae)

BAJ: 364

30 - 9 cm tall perennial glabrous herb. Inflorescence terminal lax compound umbel. Spikelets linear - lanceolate or ovate - lanceolate.


Cyperus flavescens L. (Cyperaceae) Chiyadio

Rare.

BAJ: 365

20 - 35 cm tall annual herb. Spikelets yellowish brown in simple or compound umbel.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Nov.

Cyperus haspan Linn. (Cyperaceae) Chio

Rare.

BAJ: 366

A small perennial glabrous herb. Umbel of 4-6 stellately arranged spikelets.

FLS & FRS: July- Oct.


~ Whole plant given as fodder to horses & cattle.

Cyperus rotulldus L. Subsp. rotulldus (Cyperaceae) Moth

Not common

BAJ: 367

30 - 80 cm. tall herb stolons elongated slender bearing hard ovoid tunicate black fragrant tubers.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - Dec. Common.


~ Plant used as fodder.

101

~ The root is used for making scent and aroma. ~ Dried tuberous are known as moth, which is used in stomach and bowel

complaints. ~ The moth robbed with milk and given orally on intestinal worm and colic

complaints.

Cyperus triceps (Rottb.) Endl. (Cyperaceae)

BAJ: 368

17 - 50 cm tall perennial slender tufted herb. Spikelets numerous greenish white or dirty white in terminal 2 - 4 lobed head.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Jan.

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Fabaceae) Moto Sisam.

Common.

BAJ: 81

7 - 10 m. tall trees, with thick, grayish - black or light brown longitudinally furrowed bark. Flowers creamy - white.

FLS : Mar- Apr.


FRS :Apr.- June Cultivated.

~ The tree is yield very good timber, which is used in preparation of furniture, agricultural implements and other things.

~ Paste of stem bark is applied on leprosy and boils. ~ Decoction of leaves is given in gonorrhoea.

Datura mete[ L. (Solanaceae) Kalo Dhaturo.

45 - 90 cm. tall, glabrous, annual herb. Flowers white.

FLS & FRS :July - Feb.


BAJ: 234

Common.

~ The poultice of fresh leaves used externally on rheumatic swelling of the joints. ~ Roasted leaves bandaged on head it give relief to headache. ~ Dry leaves smoked in pipe to cure asthma and bronchitis. ~ Stemans of flowers are eaten to avoid constipation. ~ Paste of burning seeds is used in teethache. ~ Whole plant have a narcotic properties.

102

-7 Juice of fresh leaves mixed with lime and added jaggery and mixture applied externally on mump.

-7 Juice of leaves employed to kill lice. -7 Flowers are used in worship of god 'Shiva'. -7 Paste obtained on pounding leaves with little lime is applied externally for

about week to treat scabies. -7 Leaves are pounded with black pepper and garlic and made into pills; 3 pills

are given orally twice a day for about 4 days to treat fever.

Daucus carola L. var. sativa. DC. (Apiaceae) Gajar

BAJ: 158

I - 1.5 m. tall, hairy herb. Flowers white or creamy - white in compound umbel.

FLS & FRS :Jan - March. Cultivated.


-7 Fleshy tuberous roots are eaten raw or cooked. -7 Root is used in jaundice, dropsy, indigestion, anorexia, blood purifier and

preparation of pickled. -7 Root is edible which is considered good for liver, eye trouble and urinary

troubles. -7 Seeds are used for abortion purpose. -7 Plant used as fodder. -7 Leaf paste is used for toothache.

Delonix elala (L.) Gamble. (Caesalpiniaceae) Sandesaro

BAJ: 113

5 - 10 m. tall deciduous trees, with ash coloured or deep reddish - brown smooth bark. Flowers white or creamy - white in terminal racemes.

FLS : Sept - Dec.


-7 Fresh leaves used in rheumatism and flatulence. -7 Wood is used for preparation of churner. -7 Gum is edible and it is given in fever. -7 Dried branches used as fuel. -7 Twigs are used as toothbrushes. -7 Used in field fencing.

FRS :Dec. - June. Common.

-7 The paste of the leaves is applied on hair to cure falling of hair.

103

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees. (Poaceae) Nakor vans.

BAJ: 375

20 - 50 feet high tall, deciduous densely tufted clumps. Flowers white in branching panicles of dense globular heads.

FLS & FRS :Nov - Dec.


7 Stem is used as walking stick. 7 Young shoot is used in preparation of pickles. 7 The pulp of wood is considered useful in T.B. 7 The chip of stem is used preparation of hut. 7 Mobile cradle is made from stem.

Common.

7 Strips of it are tied on fractured bone of leg and water is sprayed over it in domesticated animals.

7 A few pieces of stem are boiled in water till its volume reduces to half. It is gi ven orally to expel placenta in animals.

Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet. (Fabaceae) Karanj.

BAJ: 82

7 - 15 m. tall evergreen trees, with grayish white or light - black rough bark. Flowers white with purple tinge in axillary racemes.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - July. Common.


7 Twig is used as toothbrush it relieves promptly toothache. 7 Seed oil is very useful in skin diseases and it is mixed with lemon juice and

applied on scalp to cure dandruff. 7 Fresh leaves juice is applied on eczema. 7 Roasted seeds are eaten to stop vomiting. 7 Powdered seeds are given in fevers, rheumatism, sluggish liver. 7 Decoction of leaves is given in rheumatism, diarrhoea and cough. 7 Decoction of stem bark is given in bleeding piles. 7 Flowers employed in diabetes.

104

Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. (Poaceae) Dabh / Dabhdo

BAJ: 376

40 - 60 cm. tall rigid tufted perennial herb. Spikelets biseriate sylver - white colour in panicles.



-7 Leaves are used in preparation of ropes and string. -7 Leaves are also used in preparation of '/ndhani' and 'Am', - it is stand of pot. -7 Decoction of root is given orally to start urination. -7 Leaves are held in grains and food during eclipse. -7 Whole plant used as seat (Darb has an) during religious ceremony.

Dichrostachys cineria (L.) W. & A. (Mimosaceae) Mordhundhiyu

BAJ: 306

2 - 6 m. tall, thorny shrubs with grey or grayish - white, longitudinally fissured bark. Spikes axillary or extra axillary in two coloured.

FLS & FRS :July. - Dec. & Feb. - May Common.


-7 Dry leaves are used as fodder. -7 Wood is used in preparation of tool handle. -7 Infusion of stem bark is given in colic complaints and calculus. -7 Paste of root bark is applied on rheumatism. -7 Leaf Paste is applied on ripen boils for fast hoealing and scorpion sting. -7 Leaf extract mixed with whey is consumed for seven days for lochia. -7 Half cup of infusion of leaves is drunk as a remedy against gonorrhoea till cure.

Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (Amaranthaceae) Kanjaro / Dambho

BAJ: 306

30 - 60 cm. tall annual erect slender herb. Flowers pinkish - white in axillary spikes.

FLS : July - Oct.


-7 Plant used as fodder.

FRS: July- Nov. Common.

105

~ Infusion of leaves is given orally in urinary discharges. ~ Tender shoot eaten as a potherb.

Dioscorea bulbifera L. BAJ: 341 (Dioscoreaceae) Dukar kand / Varakand

An extensi ve bulbil bearing twiners. Flowers greenish white in axillary spike.

FLS : July. - Oct.


FRS :July. - Mar. Common.

~ Tuber is eaten as a vegetable in times of scarcity. ~ Paste of dried tuber is applied externally on ulcers. ~ Infusion of tuber is given in piles, dysentery and sexual debility. ~ The dried tuber powder is used for hair wash to remove dirt and to promote

hair growth.

Diospyros melanoxyloll Roxb. (Ebenaceae) Timru

BAJ: 182

12 - 15 m. tall tree, male flowers In axillary pendulous cymes. Female flowers solitary, both greenish white.

FLS : Mar. - May.


FRS :Apr. - Aug. Common.

~ The ripe fruit is edible. Dry fruits are stored for periodic uses. ~ Unripe fruits are used as starter curds for instant curdling of milk. ~ The juice of unripe fruits is given orally in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea. ~ Paste of bark is applied externally on boils and tumours. ~ Infusion of dried flowers is applied in skin diseases. ~ The green leaves used in preparation of bidies. ~ The wood is very hard it is used in preparation of tool handle and agricultural

implements. ~ Paste of stem bark mixed with caw urine and applied on the scalp for killing

lice. ~ 2-3 tea spoonfuls extract of fresh stem bark taken in stomachache.

106

Duranta repens L. (Verbenaceae) Damayanti

BAJ: 270

1.5 - 3.5 m. tall, armed shrubs with grayish - brown fissured bark. Flowers white or pale - blue in terminal and axillary.

FLS & FRS :May. - Dec.


~ Cultivated in the garden as ornamental plant.

Dyerophytum indicum (Gibs. Ex. Wt.) O. Ktze. (Plumbaginaceae) Pavi I Chitro

Cultivated.

BAJ: 177

Erect suffrutieose herb or undershrub. Flowers reddish in branched spikes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Jan.


~ Leaf extract is given in fever.

Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. (Poaceae) Sarno.

Rare.

BAJ: 377

30 - 60 em. tall subereet or diffuse herb. Spikelets green or purple.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Common as a weed.


~ Plant used as fodder. ~ Plant used as green manure. ~ Seeds are given to women after delivery. It is also used as food during fasts.

Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae) Adbasarno.

BAJ: 378

20 - 60 em. tall tufted annuals diffuse or sub erect herb. Flowers in terminal spikelets greenish or tinged purple.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Oct. Common.

107



Echinops echinatus Roxb. (Asteraceae) Utkanto.

BAJ: 167

30 - 60 cm. tall, stout rigid, cottony - white, pubescent, armed suffrutescent herb. Flowers white or pale - blue in head solitary terminal spinescenl.

FLS & FRS :Ocl. - Feb. Common.


-7 Infusion of root is given to animal to cure windiness stomach. -7 Decoction of root is given in cough, fever and sexual debility. -7 Paste of root is applied on any poisonous reptile bite. -7 The whole plant is dried, powdered and stored. About 20 gm powder is boiled

in 4 cups of water and when it become reduced to I cup. It is filtered and divided into two equal doses and taken twice a days as febrifuge.

EcUpta prostrata (L.) Mant. (Asteraceae) Jal Bhangro.

BAJ: 168

A small, strigosely hairy erect or diffuse herb. Flowers white in head.



-7 Juice of leaves is used to colour the hair black. -7 Past of leaves mixed with 'mustard oil' and heated then it is applied on skin

diseases and hairs to cure dandruff and hair fall. -7 Juice of leaves is dropped in to ear in earache. -7 Juice of shoots with shoots of Alternanthera sessilis in equal parts (20 ml) and

1-2 drops of juice of Scoparia dulcis leaves is given twice daily for 12 days in liver disorders caused due to alcoholism.

Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Ehretiaceae) Vadhvardi.

BAJ: 212

5 - 12 cm. tall, tree with grey or grayish - brown, smooth bark. Flowers white in terminal and axillary lax cymes.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - April. Rare.

108


-7 Fruits and bark is eaten in time of scarcity. -7 Wood is used in preparation of tool handle. -7 Three table spoon of decoction of stem bark is given thrice a day for 10 days to

treat diphtheria. -7 10 g of dried powder of flowers is mixed in 100 ml cow milk and about 5 table

spoon given twice a day for 42 days as an aphrodisiac.

Emblica officina/is Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae) Amla

BAJ: 311

8 - 15 m. tall, deciduous tree, with yellowish to grayish brown smooth bark, exfoliating in to scales. Flowers greenish - yellow.

FLS : Mar. - Apr.


-7 Fruits have a rich source of vitamin C.

FRS :Jun. - Sep. Common.

-7 Fruits are edible. It is used in preparation of pickle. -7 Dry fruits are used in preparation hair dyes and used for shampooing hair. -7 Dry fallen leaves are used as fodder. -7 Juice of fruit is mixed with sugar and given orally on burning urination trouble. -7 Infusion of seed mixed with powdered bark of 'jambu' (Syzygium cumin i) and

given orally in diabetes. -7 Dried fruits is used in preparation of trifala churna. -7 Twig is used as a tooth brush. -7 Decoction of bark and leaves is used as mouthwash III sore throat and

toothache. -7 Used in Navratri pooja. -7 Fruit powder and sugar mixed properly in ghee and honey are consumed by

men as an aphrodisiac.

Enicostema hyssopifoLium (Willd.) Verdoon. (Gentianaceae) Navli / Mamejavo.

BAJ: 209

10 - 30 cm. tall, simple or branched erect or diffuse glabrous herb. Flowers white in axillary clustered.



-7 Dry leaves decoction is gi ven to a patient of diabetes.

109

-7 Decoction of leaves is given in common fever, malaria and dropsy. -7 Infusion of leaves considered blood purifier. -7 Roasted leaves bandaged on head to relieve headache.

Eragrostis tene/La (L.) P. Beauv. Ex. R. & s. (Poaceae) Kalavo

BAJ: 379

10 - 30 cm. tall erect or sub erect geniculate annual herb. Panicles ovate oblong or cylindric. Spikelets oblong pale - green often tinged.


Eriocauloll sollyanum Royle. (Erioculaceae)

Tufted herb. common in grasses at damp places.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Oct.


-7 Common fodder [or cattle.

Erythrilla variegata L. (Fabaceae) Panervo.

Common.

BAJ: 359

Common.

BAJ: 83

Deciduous armed trees. Flowers coral - red in dense racemes.

FLS : Feb. - Apr.


FRS :Mar. - Jan. Common.

-7 Juice of leaves is given in dysentery and as vaginal douche to increase menses. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on rheumatic pain and ringworm. -7 Bark decoction applied on swelling or injury to tomb (hump) of cattle; applied

till cure. -7 Flowers as offering to deities. -7 Wood employed for musical instruments.

Euphorbia Izirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) Dudheli.

BAJ: 312

\0 - 30 cm. tall annual slender herb with patently hairy. Flower small involucres or cymes.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Feb. Common.

110


-7 Latex used in warts and skin diseases like leucodermal spots. -7 Paste of root is mixed with honey and given to lactating mother to start or to

increase milk, yield. -7 Decoction of leave is employed in asthma, coughs, bronchitis, eczema, colic

and spermatorrhoea. -7 50 g piece is crushed with 10 ml water. The juice is strained through cloth and

gi ven once a day to clean the kidneys.

Euphorbia neriifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) Vad thor / Nano thor.

BAJ: 313

1.5 - 2 m. tall deciduous shrubs with younger branches, strongly 5 - angled. Cyathium int1orescence.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - Apr. Common.


-7 The plant is used as field fencing. -7 Latex is used to cure body pain. -7 Small dried branches are fed to goat. -7 Dry branches used as fuel. -7 Roasted paste of stem is applied on injured part of body to reduce swelling. -7 Latex is heated with common salt and water, it is given in Whooping coughs,

dropsy, colic, jaundice, enlargement of liver, asthma and leprocy. -7 1 table spoon extract prepared from warm leaf is administered thrice a day for 3

days to treat cold and fever in children.

Euphorbia nivulia Buch - ham. (Euphorbiaceae) Moto thor.

BAJ: 314

1.5 - 4 m. tall shrub with cylindrical stem and branches. Flowers cyathium int1orescence.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - Mar. Common.


-7 Latex is used as a binder. Dry stem is used as a fuel. -7 Plant is used as field fencing.

111

Euphorbia pulclzerrima Willd. Ex Klotz. (Euphorbiaceae) Lal patio

BAJ: 315

1.5 - 2 m. tall shrub with brown bark. Inflorescence terminal cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Feb.


~ Ornamental plant it is planted in the garden.

Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) Dandiliyo thor

Cultivated.

BAJ: 316

A small, unarmed, much- branched tree, branches thin, cylindric, smooth, green and almost leafless. Leaves small, linear oblong, deciduous.

FLS & FRS: July - Sept.


~ Generally planted as a hedge plant. ~ The wood is soft and used for toy making.

Evolvulus alsilloides (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae) Bhuri sankhavali

Rare

BAJ: 221

Appressed or patently hairy herbs. Flowers light blue, axillary, solitary.



~ Whole plant used as tonic and febrifuge. ~ Paste of plant mixed with 'Tal oil' (Sesamwn indicum) and heated and then

applied for growth of hair and increasing memory. ~ Decoction of leaves is used in common fever, asthma and bronchitis.

Ficus amplissima Smith. (Moraceae) Piper.

BAJ: 322

A large tree without aerial roots. Leaves elliptic lanceolate, acute, pointed, base rounded or narrowed. Receptacles crowded towards the end of branches.

FLS : Nov. - Feb. FRS: Nov. - May Rare.

112


-7 Leaves used as fodder for goat. -7 Fruit is edible, cooked to prepare vegetable. -7 Decoction of bark, astringent used in treatment of mouth ulcer. -7 Fresh tender leaves are eaten by children.

Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae) Vadlo / Vad.

BAJ: 323

12 - 18 m. tall evergreen tree, with straight trunk and grey to grayish - brown rough bark.

FLS & FRS :July. - Mar. Common.


-7 Fruits are eaten by tribals for seminal weakness, sexual debility, spermatorrhoea and sex tonic.

-7 Leaves used as a fodder by elephant. -7 Latex used in rheumatism, lumbago and cracked feet. -7 Infusion of stem bark is considered useful in diabetes. -7 Tree is planted near the village for its shade. -7 The tender adventitious root crushed with water and given internally on

fracture of the bones and bandaged on which part fractured. -7 Tender young leaves are employed in diarrhoea, cough and toxiemia. -7 Adventitious root twig is used as toothbrush in toothache.

Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) Anjir

BAJ: 324

5 - 8 m. tall tree without aerial roots. Receptacles solitary, fleshy, pyriform, reddish purple when ripe.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Feb. Cultivated.


-7 Fruits are edible. It is given to cure asthma. -7 The poultice of fruit applied on boil. -7 Paste of root is applied on leucoderma and ringworm.

II3

Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae) Umaro.

BAJ: 325

10- 15 m. tall evergreen tree with grayish or blackish brown rough shallowly fissured bark. A holly tree.



~ Leaves used as fodder. ~ The paste of bark is applied on skin troubles and ulcers. ~ Dried ripe fruits are used for preparing countery liquor (dam). ~ The wood is used in preparation of utensil like spoon and dough plate and

preparation of musical instrument 'tamburo'. ~ The latex is applied on boils, eye diseases and mump. ~ Decoction of stem bark is used in washing of the wounds for fast hoealing. ~ Tender stem is used as a toothbrush. ~ Unripe fruit is employed in hoeamoptysis, jaundice, menorrhoea and diarrhoea. ~ Decoction of the bark is given in diabetes, rheumatism, bleeding piles and

leucorrhoea.

Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) Piplo.

BAJ: 326

10 - 16 m. tall tree with grey or grayish - black rough bark. Receptacles spherical reddish purple.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - May.

Ethnobotanieal uses:

~ The tree is held in great veneration by all the Hindus.

Common.

~ Leaf apex is used get out the insect in case it is introduce in the ear. ~ Tender leaves and stem bark crushed and mixed with honey and given orally to

the children for mouth ulcers. ~ Decoction of bark is employed in asthma, toxiemia, cough and spermatorrhoea. ~ Milky juice is applied on cracked feet. ~ Tender branches are used as toothbrushes.

Fimbristylis bisumbellata ( Forsk.) Bub. ( Cyperaceae ) Bid

BAJ: 369

7-10 cm. tall erect glabrous herb. Spikelets yellowish to reddish - brown in simple or compound umbel.

FLS & FRS: Sept.- Feb. Common

114


-7 Plant use to prepare root of nesses. -7 In scarcity rhizome is used as food for men and animals.

Flacourtia indica (Burm. C.) Mers (Flacourtiaceae) Lodri

BAJ: 22

Deciduous thorny shrubs, with light blacklish-brown, rough lenticellate bark. Flowers greenish-yellow.

FLS : Jan. - Mar.


-7 Leaves used as fodder.

FRS :Feb. - May Common.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of ploughs and handles. -7 Bark crushed in 'sesame oil' is used as ointment in gout or rheumatism. -7 Infusion of leaves is given in cough and chest diseases. -7 The infusion of root bark is given orally to remove poisonous effect, caused

due to any reptile bites.

Gardenia Lucida BAJ: 160 ( Rubiaceae ) Dikamali / Malan

A small deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic- oblong, obtuse, narrowed into the petiole at the base. Flowers solitary, axillary, large, white, turning to yellow when old, fragrant.

FLS : Aug.- Oct. FRS: Aug.-Nov.


-7 The gum-resin is called' Dikamali' which is not, pungent, increase appetite is applied on obdomen to relieve.

-7 2 gm crushed gum in water is given in constipation also hysteria, glatulent dyspepsia due to teething in children.

-7 Unripe fruit is eaten by people. -7 Crushed leaf paste is applied on wound of cow or buffalo.

115

Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (Fabaceae)

BAJ: 84

2.5 - 5 m. tall deciduous tree, bark smooth, greenish brown lenticellate. Flower rosy pink lilac or nearly white in drooping recemes.

FLS : Dec. - Apr.


-7 Cultivated in the garden as a ornamental plant. -7 Lea ves used as fodder. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on bone fracture.

Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae) Kankasani / Vachhanag

FRS :Feb. - May Cultivated.

BAJ: 346

A perennial large climbing herb. Flowers scarlet to crimson in upper part, yellow in lower half, at length completely scarlet.

FLS : July - Sept.


FRS :Aug. - Oct. Rare.

-7 Tuber is regarded as a tonic but large dose poisonous. -7 Paste of tuber applied externally on neuralgic pain and skin troubles. It is also

used in rheumatism, piles, gonorrhoea, leprosy, colic and intestinal worms. -7 Powder of dry leaves is mixed with buttermilk and given internally in jaundice. -7 Juice of tuber is introduced in the ear to cure earache.

Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) Savan.

BAJ: 271

8 - 18 m. tall tree, with greenish yellow smooth bark. Flowers yellow in terminal panicales.

FLS : Fab. - Apr.


FRS :Fab. - Apr. Rare.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of furniture and other implements and musical instrument.

116

-7 Paste of fresh leaves is applied on head to cure headache. -7 Decoction of ripe fruits is given internally in fever. -7 The root is an ingredient of the 'dashmula'. -7 Decoction of root is given in fever, indigestion, to increase breasts milk and to

protect embryo. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on temple in headache and common fever. -7 Fruit powder is homogenized with milk and cow ghee. About 25 ml of it is

taken orally per day during the fifth month of pregnancy for better settlement of foetus.

Gomphrena celosiodes Mart. (Amarathaceae)

BAJ: 298

Pilose herb. Flowers white in terminal sub globose spike.

FLS : Sep. - May.



FRS: Sept.- June Common.

-7 Whole plant decoction is given for regulating fertility.

Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali. (Fabaceae) Adidyo

BAJ: 85

Prostrate herb, with 10 - 45 cm. long, slender patently hairy branches. Flowers yellow axillary solitary.

FLS & FRS :July. - Nov. Common.


-7 Whole plant eaten by goat and sheep. -7 Paste of whole plant is applied on boils, ulcers and wounds.

Gossypium herbaceum L. var. acerifolium (Malvaceae) Desi kapas.

BAJ: 30

90 - 150 cm. tall shrubs or under shrub. Flowers yellow with a purple base within axillary solitary.

FLS : Sept. - Feb. FRS: Sept.- March Cultivated.

117


-7 Cultivated in the field for its cotton seeds. -7 Important materials derived from cotton are fibre. -7 Seeds yield edible oil and cake is used as cattle feed. -7 The dried stem is used as fuel and preparation of roof of nesses. -7 Fresh leaf juice is given orally to the women for leucorrhoea. -7 Paste of root is mixed with wheat flour and curd and ointment on mammalian

gland for tumour occurred in mammalian gland. -7 The ash of plant is snuff to cure check the blood in the nose. -7 Seed oil is good application to the head to cool the brain and to cure headaches. -7 The juice of fresh leaves with lime is given in diarrhoea. -7 Rice grains are dipped in water. Root powder of this plant is mixed in this

water. 2 table spoon of this is given daily in the morning to patient suffering from leucorrhoea.

Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. (Asteraceae) Zinki mundi

BAJ: 169

Prostrate or procumbent, glandular pubescent herb. Head yellow solitary terminal or leaf opposed.

FLS & FRS :Dec. - June.


-7 Infusion of plant is used as stomachic.

Grewia flavescens Juss. (Tiliaceae) Kharkhati

Common.

BAJ: 43

2 - 4 m. tall shrubs with sarmentose hairy branches. Bark brown, smooth. Flowers yellow in axillary pedunculate umbellate cymes.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


FRS :Sep. - Nov. Common.

-7 Decoction of root is given internally to the animal in bone fracture. -7 Ripe fruits are edible. -7 Tender branches used in preparation of basket. -7 Leaves are used as fodder. -7 Dry branches are used as fuel.

118

Grewia tellax (Forsk.) Fiori. (Tiliaceae) Gangeti

HAJ: 44

I - 2.5 m. tall straggling shrubs. Bark smooth, light black. Flowers yellow.

FLS : July. - Oct.


-7 Ripe fruits are eaten by children. -7 Dry branches are used as walking sticks.

FRS :Aug. - Jan. Common.

-7 Fresh and dry leaves used as fodder for goat and cattle to increase milk production.

-7 The stem bark is yields fibres, which is used in preparation of ropes and strings. -7 The root paste is bandaged on animal wounds for fast hoealing. -7 The root paste is applied externally on snakebite. -7 Green leaves crushed and fed to animal to help expel the placenta after

delivery. -7 Wood is being used for making 'Sambelu' a giant pestle like tool used for

pounding food grains.

Grewia tiliaefolia Yah\. (Tiliaceae) Dhaman.

BAJ: 45

5 - 10 m. tall tree. Bark light brown, rough, excorticating in it Jregular patches. Flowers yellow in axillary or extra axillary cymes.

FLS : Mar. - July.


-7 Decoction of bark is given in dysentery. -7 Bark is yields a cordage fibre. -7 Branches used in prcparation of hut. -7 Ripe fruits are edible. -7 Wood is used in preparation of tool handle.

FRS :July. - Dec. Common.

-7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder for cattle to lllcrease milk production.

Grewia villosa Willd. (Tiliaceae) Padekhda

HAJ: 46

A small shrub. Leaves round-ovate, subcordate; rounded or shortly acuminate, crenate-serrate, rough hairy above. Flower yellow in axillary. Drupe globose, yellowish-red. FLS : Mar.-Apr. FRS: Apr.- May

119


-7 one teaspoon juice of fresh bark is given twice a day in gonorrhoea. -7 Fibres are obtained form twig and bark used to prepare thread. -7 Leaves and tender twig is fodder for livestock. -7 Fruit is ealen by children.

Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae) Maradasingi

BAJ: 35

1.5 - 3 m. tall tree, with smooth, pale to dark brown bark. Flowers bright red.

FLS : July. - Oct.


-7 Bark is yields strong fibres. -7 Leaves and tender branches used as fodder.

FRS :Aug. - Apr. Common.

-7 Fruits are having a medicinal value it is given in colic complains. -7 Juice of root is beneficial in stomach affections. It is also useful in diabetes. -7 Wood is used for gunpowder charcoal. -7 The powder of dry fruit is taken orally with water twice or thrice a day for 3-4

days to cure stomachache. -7 The powdercd fruit is mixed with curd and given orally to cure diarrhoea

among children. -7 Root paste is applied on boil.

Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) Hathi sundho

30 - 75 cm. tall, perennial erect hairy herb. Flowers white in spike.

BAJ: 214



-7 Leaves are yields a dye. -7 Decoction of leaves used in urticaria and fevers.

-7 Decoction of root is given internally in coughs and fevers. -7 The paste of leaves is applied externally on boils, ulcers, sores and strings of

insects and reptiles. -7 The juice of fresh leaf is given orally to cure sor throat and tonsils.

120

Heliotropium ovalifolium Forsk. (Boraginaceae) Hathisundha

BAJ : 215

10 - 45 cm. tall, prostrate or sub erect densely apprised white hairy herbs. Flowers white.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Feb. Common.


-7 Leaf juice is applied on syphilitic ulcers, sores and boils, and as an antiseptic agent.

-7 Paste of leaves is applied on swellings, wounds and scorpion sting.

Heliotropium supinum L. BAJ: 216 (Boraginaceae) Kalo buvado / Ghedio okhrad

Prostrate softly villous herb. Flowers white in spike.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - June Common.


-7 Leaves are applied as a paste on swellings and boils.

Hemidesmus illdicus (L.) R. Br. (Periplocaceae) Anantmuli ; Kpuri madhuri

BAJ: 207

A perennial twiner with greenish brown bark. Flowers greenish white.

FLS : Sep. - Feb.


FRS :Nov. - June. Common.

-7 The root is given internally to cure burning urination and other unnary troubles.

-7 Paste of root is applied on any skin diseases. -7 Stem is used as a toothbrush to cure toothache. -7 The roasted root is considered a blood purifier. -7 The root paste is used specific for swellings, rheumatic pains, boils and ulcers. -7 Root used as diuretic and tonic, for treating diarrhoea, fever and wounds.

-7 Latex of the plant introduce in the eye to cure corneal ulcer. -7 The root rubbed with water and given orally on colic complaints.

121

The powdered herb is used in the preparation of hair oil as hair tonic for good hair growth.

Holarrhena antidysenterica (Heyne. ex Roth.) A.DC (Apocynaceae) Indrajav.

BAJ: 191

3 - 6 m. tall large shrub or small tree, Bark light - blackish brown irregularly fissured. Leaves obovate, acuminate. Flowers white in terminal cymes.

FLS : July. - Oct.


FRS :July. - Jan. Common.

-7 The fresh bark is crushed and given internally to cure amoebic dysentery. -7 The seed powder is mixed with curd and given orally early in the morning to

cure amoebic dysentery and any colic complaints. -7 The seed powder is smoked in pipe to cure asthma. -7 It is also used in remove the bladder stone. -7 Fresh leaves used as fodder. -7 Wood is used in preparation of toys. -7 Fresh tender twig is used as toothbrush to cure toothache. -7 The paste of unripe fruit is applied externally on snakebite or any reptiles bite. -7 Stem bark crushed in curd is given twice a day for 10 days during burning

sensation in urinary tract.

Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (Ulmaceae) Charal

BAJ: 329

5 - 16 m. tall, deciduous tree, with grayish white or ash coloured smooth bark, exfoliating in smalls scales. Flowers mi nute, greenish yellow. Fruit samara.

FLS : Jan. - Mar.


-7 Seed contain fatty oil. -7 Raw or roasted seed are edible. -7 Leaves and fruits used as fodder.

FRS :Jan. - Mar. Common.

-7 The wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements, building purpose, match boxes and paper pulp.

-7 Paste of tender leaves used in ringworm. -7 Leaf paste applied over cuts and wounds as an effective cure. -7 Bark crushed and applied over heat boils for dissolution and relief.

122

Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. (Hydrocaritaceae) Bam.

BAJ: 331

Slender, sub merged, free floating or rooting herb. Flowers white minute.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Dec.


~ Fresh leaves eaten by fish and insect. ~ Crushed leaves is given in fever.

Hygroplzila auriculata (Schum.) Heine. (Acanthaceae) Akaro.

Common.

BAJ: 261

30 - 60 cm. tall armed annual herbs or under shrub. Flowers bluish - purple.

FLS & FRS :June. - Jan. Common.


~ The seeds are crushed and mixed with curd and given early in the morning to cure dysentery.

~ Decoction of root is employed in rheumatism, calculi, jaundice and dropsy. ~ For foot and mouth disease of animal, root and stem are tied to the horns of

animals. ~ Decoction is taken twice daily in case of Urticaria.

Impatiens balsam ina L. var. coccinea Hk.f. (Balsaminaceae) Takmaria / Gulmendi

BAJ: 50

30 - 60 cm. tall erect nearly glabrous simple or sparingly branched herb. Flowers axillary solitary light to deep purple or bright.

FLS & FRS :July. - Oct. Common.


~ Leaves and flowers are yields dye it is used as a substitute for henna (Mehdi). ~ Plant is used as fodder. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on boils, wounds and swelling. ~ Plant juice is used against rheumatism.

123

Indigo/era astragalina DC. (Fabaceae) Runchhali Gali

BAJ: 86

50 - 100 cm. tall densely pubescent to wooly tomentose suffrutescent herb. Flowers bright scarlet to rosy - purple in compact racemes. Pod 2-seeded.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


-7 Seeds are edible it is used in male sex debility.

FRS: Sept. - Jan. Common.

-7 109 fresh juice of whole plant, mix with curd and give once a day to cure diarrhoea.

Indigo/era lillnaei Ali. (Fabaceae) Bhonygali

BAJ: 87

Prostrate herb with radially spreading, appressed hairy or glabrescent branches. Flowers red in axillary.



-7 Leaves are crushed and given in febrile eruptions. -7 Paste of root is applied on swelling. -7 Decoction of plant is given in common fever, scurvy and marasmus. -7 Whole plant is pounded with garlic and made into pills; about 3 pills are given

twice a day after menstruation period for 3 days to induce permanent sterility.

Indigo/era oblongifolia Forsk. (Fabaceae) Zil / Zildo

BAJ: 88

75 - 150 cm tall twiggy shrub. Flowers red in I - 2.5 cm long racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


-7 Fresh twig is used as toothbrushes. -7 Paste of leaves is applied externally on wounds.

FRS :Sept. - Jan. Common.

-7 Infusion of leaves is given in sprue, bronchitis, asthma and cough.

124

Indigofera tinctoria L. (Fabaceae) Gali.

BAJ: 89

40 - 150 cm. tall erect apressed hairy to nearly glabrous shrub. Flowers red axillary spicate racemes.

FLS : Sept. - Nov.


FRS :Sept .- Jan. Common.

-7 Paste of the leaves externally used for sores, old ulcers and piles. -7 Infusion of root is given orally in hepatitis and urinary complaints. -7 Paste of root bark and stem bark mixed and applied on wasp sting and bees or

bites of insect and snake. -7 Whole plant is used to obtain blue dye. -7 Aerial parts eNS depressant and hypoglycaemic.

Indigofera trita L.r. subsp. trita var. trita (Fabaceae) Adbaugali

BAJ: 90

100 - 150 cm tall hairy under shrub. Flowers red in axillary racemes.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Dec.


-7 Seed is considered as a nutritive tonic.

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (Convolvulaceae) Nasotar

Rare.

BAJ: 222

Perennial glabrous herbs, rooting at nodes. Flowers solitary blue in cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct.- Apr. Common.


-7 Leaves are used as fodder and vegetable. -7 The juice of leaves is an emetic and purgative. -7 Whole plant is considered used for women suffering from nervous and general

debility. -7 Paste of buds is applied on leprosy, leucoderma and ringworm.

125

Ipomoea cairica (L) Sw. (Convolvulaceae) NaraveI.

BAJ: 223

A large evergreen twiner with watery juice. Flowers purple in axillary, sub umbellate cymes.

FLS : Sept.- Nov.


-7 Paste of leaves is applied on body rashes. -7 Watery juice is applied on wounds.

IpomoeaJistuLosa Mart. Ex Choisy. (Convolvulaceae) Besharmi

FRS :Sept. - Jan. Common.

BAJ: 224

Straggling shrubs with milky juice flowers blue or pink in terminal umbellate cymes.

FLS : Throughout the year. Common.


-7 Plants are growing for field fencing. -7 Branches are used in preparation of hut. -7 Root paste applied on wounds.

Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth. BAJ: 225 (Convolvulaceae) Bhamarda vel / Kaladana.

Slender glabrous or hairy twiners. Flowers blue in axillary solitary or few in cymes.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


-7 Plant used as fodder for camel. -7 Seeds contain fixed oil. -7 Green fruits used by the children as toy (top).

Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker - GawI. (Convolvulaceae) Vad fudardi / VajveI.

FRS :Aug.- Jan Common.

BAJ: 226

Annual glabrous or patentaly long hairy herbs. Flowers white in axillary solitary.

FLS : July. - Dec. FRS: Sept.- Jan. Common.

126


~ The powder of dry leaves given with ghee orally is considered useful m aphthous affections.

~ Paste of leaves and root is applied on swellings, boils and rheumatism.

Ipomoea pes tigridis L. (Convolvulaceae) Wagpadi ni vel

BAJ: 227

Twining or trailing densely patently hairy herb. Flowers pale rosy purple or seldom almost white in axillary cymes hairy.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


~ Whole plant used as a fodder. ~ Juice of leaves is taken as a diuretic.

FRS :Sep. - Dec. Common.

~ Leaves employed in form of poultice on boils, sores, pimples and carbuncles.

Ipomoea sepiaria Koen. Ex Roxb. Var. sepiaria. (Convolvulaceae) Rati fuderdi / Gumed vel.

BAJ: 228

A slender pilose twiner. Flowers rosy purple or seldum white. Common on the hedges. Seed densely tomentose.

FLS & FRS :Sept.- Nov. Rare.


~ The root (10 g) is made into paste and given with sugar candy twice daily for 2-3 days in diabetes.

~ Ness children use the fruit as toys.

Ixora arborea Roxb. BAJ: 161 (Rubiaceae) Safed ixora / Safed nevari

60 - 200 cm. tall shrubs, bark thick, reddish-brown. Flowers white m terminal corymbose cymes. Fruit red, 5-7 mm in diam, didymous.

FLS : Mar.- Apr. FRS :Mar- June Cultivated.

127


-7 Planted in the garden for its attractive !lowers.

-7 Infusion of flowers is given orally in dysentery, coughs, asthma and whooping cough.

-7 Decoction of bark is given in general debility, anaemia, for toothache and to kill the worm of the teeth.

Jasminumflexile Vahl. (Oleaceae) Jui.

BAJ: 183

Woody climbers, with rough bark. Flowers white in terminal and axillary cym.



-7 Cultivated in the garden for profusion of fragrant !lowers. -7 Leaves are chewed in stomatitis. -7 Leaves along with those of Cassia italica, root of Hemidesmus indicus (each 50

gm) and 10 gm ginger and salt pounded and the extract given orally oncc daily for three days to cure tympany in animals.

-7 Flowers are used in 'Mangalagauri', 'Ganesh pooja.'

Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. C.) Andr. (Oleaceae) Mogro. / Chameli

Silky pubescent twining shrubs. Flowers white.

BAJ: 184

FLS : Dec.- Onward Cultivated.


-7 Cultivated in the garden for profusion of fragrant !lowers. -7 Powder of dried leaves used in pOUltices for indolent ulcer. -7 Poultice of leaves is applied on boils and ulcers.

Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)

BAJ:317

A small much branched shrub. Bark greenish yellow, leaves deeply divided. Flowers dark red in terminal or extra axillary, paniculate cymes.

FLS & FRS :luly.- Mar. Common.

128


-7 Plant is used for making fence. -7 Latex of plant is considered that it blind the eyes.

-7 Seed oil is used in 'Divetiu' for getting light. -7 The juice of leaves is applied externally in eczema, scabies and ringworm for

three days. -7 The fruits are considered poisonous. -7 Decoction of leaves is used as mouthwash to strengthen gums. -7 Root bark is applied as a paste on rheumatism. -7 Fresh twigs are used as toothbrushes. -7 Leaves recommended for oral use for jaundice. -7 The children collect the latex in a cup devised from the leaves of Butea

monosperma and uproot a tender grass culm to form a loop of desired size at its one end. They dip the loop in the latex and blow air in to the loop with a film of latex to form balloon for recreation.

Jatropha gossypifolia L. BAJ: 318 (Euphorbiaceae) Vilayti nepalo I Vilayti arandi.

I - 1.5 m. tall erect shrub with deep reddish brown stem and branches. Flowers deep red in terminal trichotomous cymes.

FLS : July.- Feb. Common.


-7 Seeds contain fixed oil. -7 Latex used for ulcers and check bleeding in fresh wounds. -7 Roasted leaves are bandaged on head to relive headache. -7 Roots are considered to cure leprosy. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boils, eczema, mastitis and swelling. -7 About 20 ml leaf extract is taken for seven days at bed time for contraction of

abdomen after delivery.

Jatropha multifida L. (Euphorbiaceae ) Coral plant

BAJ : 319

A small shrub. Leaves deeply divided in to lanceolate acute lobes. Many flowered, long pedunculate, terminal cyme, branches red, monoecious.

FLS & FRS: July - Feb. Rare

129


-7 Latex is applied on wounds, cut and boils. -7 Seeds are used as purgative. -7 A handsome plant in the garden.

Justicia diffusa Willd. (Acanthaceae) Kalo arduso

BAJ: 262

20 - 25 cm. tall diffuse herb. Flowers pale to bright pink or purple in erect axillary and terminal spikes.



-7 Plant is used as fodder.

Justicia heterocarpa Tanders (Acanthaceae) Khadsalio

Common.

BAJ: 263

30 - 60 cm. tall slender sub erect or diffuse herb. Flowers bright rosy - purple or lilac in compact in terminal spikes.



-7 Plant is used as fodder. -7 The infusion of leaves is given internally used in asthma. -7 Juice of leaves is squeezed in to the eyes in case of ophthalmia.

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Merrill. (Crassulaceae )Khatkhatumbo

BAJ: 128

A succulent herb. Flowers on long scapes III large panicles light red bell shaprd. Cultivated in the garden.

FLS : Nov. - Dec. Rare


-7 Leaves are used in calculi. -7 Pounded leaves are applied on boils, wounds, bites of insects and swelling.

130

-7 Paste of fresh leaves (about IOgm) is given twice a day for a week in acute jaundice.

Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Panch. (Scrophulariaceae) Bhint chatty / bhint ghilodi.

BAJ: 245

Perennial slender glabrous or hairy herb. Flowers yellow In axillary solitary and terminal racemes.

FLS : May.- Jan.


-7 Infusion of the plant is gi ven orally in diabetes. -7 Paste of plant is applied on swellings.

Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. ( Bignoniaceae ) Topgola

FRS :May - Dec. Rare - on old wall

BAJ: 248

8-15 m. tall, an evergreen tree, with soft smooth creamy white or pale brown bark. Flowers bluish red or chocolate red in colour in lax pedent racemes.

FLS & FRS: Mar.- July Cultivated


~ Decoction bark is used externally as a ointment to cure rneumatism. ~ Roasted seeds are edible. ~ Wood is used in preparation of boxes. ~ The juice of fruit is used as dressing for ulcers, syphilis and rneumatism. ~ Fruit paste is applied locally for leprosy.

Lablab purpureus L. Sweet. (Fabaceae) Vall Val papdi

BAJ: 91

Extensive twiners. Flowers white or pale creamy yellow In terminal and axillary racemes.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Nov. Cultivated.


-7 Pods are used as vegetable. -7 Seed used in pulses. -7 Plant used as fodder.

131

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Herrill. (Anacardiaceae) Mavedi

BAJ: 71

10 - 15 m. tall, deciduous tree with grayish white or ash coloured bark. Flowers yellowish tinged red.

FLS : Feb. - Mar.


FRS :Feb. - Apr. Rare.

-7 The paste of leaves boiled in sisamum oil (Tal oil) and heated it is externally applied on body to cure body pain.

-7 The fresh juice of leaves is emetic it is given in an overdose of opium or other narcotics.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of utensil, like wooden jar and construction of house and furniture.

-7 Roasted leaves bandaged on muscular pain. -7 The fruits are given with salt internally on indigestion.

Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Mold. (Verbenaceae) Indradhanu / Abhagani

BAJ: 272

A straggling or scandent shrub. Flowers bright pink, dark red or orange or peripheral ones bright - pink in terminal compact spikes.



-7 It is used as field fencing. -7 Cultivated in the garden. -7 Twig is used as a toothbrush. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on rheumatism, swelling, ulcers and boils. -7 Decoction of root is employed as mouth wash in toothache and deodorant. -7 Leaves are used as insect repellent.

Lawsonia i1lermis L. (Lythraceae) Medi / Mhendi

BAJ: 138

2 - 3 m. tall bushy shrub with grayish white smooth bark. Flowers white or creamy white fragrant in terminal panicles.

FLS : Apr.- Sept. FRS :May - Dec. Common.

132


~ Paste of leaves is used for colouring palms of hands, foots. ~ It is also used for dyeing hair and to cure dandruff. ~ Leaves contain a dye. ~ Decoction of the leaves is given with sugar in jaundice. ~ Paste of leaves mixed with buttermilk and applied externally on feet itching

during monsoon and wounds for fast hoealing. ~ Infusion of stem bark is used internally to cure urinary calculi. ~ Seeds are given in fever and burning micturation. ~ Equal amount of leaf, turmeric and catechu are crushed and the paste obtained

is applied externally to cure eczema. ~ Root paste is applied to cure keintra.

Lepidagathis trinervis Wall. BAJ : 264 (Acanthaceae) Harancharo.

A perennial herb with slender erect diffuse branches. Flowers white rosy purple in spike.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Mar. Common.


~ Infusion of the plant used as bitter tonic. ~ Root is crushed with water and given orally to cure male sex debility. ~ Plants are grazing by livestock. ~ Ash of plant mixed with coconut oil and it is applied on scabies, ring worm and

eczema. ~ Decoction of leaves is given orally in common fever. ~ Fresh juice of leaves is applied to stop bleeding from cuts while working in

fields.

Lepidium sativum Linn. (Brassicaceae) Halim, Ashalio

BAJ: 12

25-30 cm tall slender erect barb. Flowers white in terminal racemes.

FLS : Jan - Apr.


FRS :Jan - Apr Cultivated

~ Seeds are galactagogue used in poultice for hurts and sprains. ~ Seeds mixed with water and after hour this filtered water is given in hiccup.

133

Seeds are given with milk to nursing mother to increase lactation in mammary gland.

Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Schum. (Asclepiadaceae) Khipdo I Khip

BAJ: 199

45 - 75 cm. tall, bushy shrub. Flowers greenish yellow in axillary fascicles.

FLS : Oct. - Dec.


FRS :Oct.-Mar. Common.

~ Stem yields fibre, which is used in preparation of string and ropes. ~ Plant is used in preparation of hut roof. ~ Stems are used in preparation of brooms. ~ Stem is used in preparation of stand of pot locally known as 'air' and 'aro'.

~ Unripe fruits are employed in constipation.

Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) W. & A. (Asclepiadaceae) Nani Dodi

BAJ: 200

A twiners, with watery sap and deeply fissured bark. flowers greenish yellow In

axillary fascicles.



~ Raw young fruits are edible. ~ The paste of fresh leaves is applied on ring worm. ~ Unripe fruit is applied in better eye - sight and night blindness. ~ Leaves are chewed in diabetes.

Leucas aspera (Willd.) Spr. (Lamiaceae) Dosino Kubo.

BAJ: 278

Densely hairy erect herb. flowers white many in axillary and terminal globose whorls. Corolla white; nutlets oblong. Smooth, brown.



~ Plant used as fodder. ~ Juice of fresh leaves is applied cxternally on psoriasis, chronic skin eruptions

134

and painful swelling. ~ Paste of flowers mixed with honey and given orally to cure cough and colds. ~ Infusion of leaves is employed in cold, scabies and jaundice. ~ Juice of its root is put in the corresponding nostril for curing hemicrania. ~ The leaf is made into a paste and applied on the forehead for curing headache.

Leucas cephalotes (Roxb. ex. Roth.) Spr. (Lamiaceae) Khetarao kubo

BAJ :279

20 - 50 cm. tall appressed - pubescent erect annuals herbs. flowers white in globose whorls.


Ethnobotanical uses : ~ Plant used as fodder. ~ Rabari use decoction of plant for malarial fever. ~ Infusion of flowers is given in cold and cough. ~ Decoction of leaves inhaled to cure the fever. ~ Leaf is used for curing old boils. ~ Roasted leaves are bandaged on swelling part. ~ Juice of fresh leaves introduced in nose to cure headache. ~ Powder of the dry leaves is mixed with tobacco in I : 3 ratio and smoked for

piles. ~ Juice of leaves and young shoot is applied externally in burns.

Leucas IOllgifolia Bth. (Lamiaceae) Nano kubo

BAJ: 280

15 - 30 cm. tall erect rigid hispid herb. Flowers white in axillary and terminal whorls.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Nov.



Lilldellbergia 11luraria (Roxb. ex. D. Don.) P. Bruechl. (Scrophulariaceae) Patthar chati

Common.

BAJ: 246

15 - 40 cm. Long glandular villous prostrate or diffuse seldom erect herb. Flowers yellow axillary solitary in terminal leafy racemes.

FLS & FRS :July - Apr. Not common.

135


-7 The juice of fresh leaves used for skin eruptions. -7 Juice of its leaf is given orally to check miscarriage or abortion.

Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. var. Amara. (Cucurbitaceae) Kadva turiya

BAJ: 150

Slander glabrous annuals. Leaves orbicular or reniform, 5-lobed. Flowers pale to bright yellow. Fruit oblong, globose.

FLS: Sept.- Nov.


-7 Green unripe fruits used as vegetable.

FRS :Sept.- Jan Cultivated.

-7 Roots rubbed with water and given orally in urinary trouble and calculi. -7 Leaves are applied as paste on leprosy and swellings. -7 Seeds are given in coughs. -7 Powder of its dry fruit is applied externally on piles. -7 Leaf and root are crushed together and applied to cure leprotic wound. -7 Root crushed in cowmilk is given with sugarcane early in the morning for 10

days to cure dysuria.

Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. J. Roem. (Cucurbitaceae) Galka I Galku

BAJ: 151

Monoecious slender climber glabrous herbs. Flowers bright - yellow, male in short racemes, female solitary.

FLS : Aug.- Oct.


-7 Tender fruits used as a vegetable.

FRS: Sept.- Nov. Cultivated.

-7 Fibro vascular network of ripe dry fruits is used for cleaning purpose generally in cleaning utensil and even human body also.

-7 Juice of leaves is given in dropsy. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on wound to check bleeding.

Lycinum europaeum Linn. ( Solanaceae) Kagendi

50-200 cm tall spiny shrub. Flowers white solitary or fascicled. FLS & FRS: Sept.- Dec. Rare

BAJ: 235

136


-7 Paste of leaves is applied on wounds for fast healing. -7 Fresh leaves is used as vegetable. -7 Ripe fruit is eaten by children.

Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex. Farwell. (Solanaceae) Tamata.

BAJ: 236

30 - 60 cm. tall erect or diffuse glandular pubescent herb. Flowers greenish to deep yellow in racemes.

FLS & FRS: Throughout the year. Ethnobotanical uses :

Cultivated.

-7 The ripe fruits are edible. It is used in preparation of jams and chuttenys. -7 The unripe fruits are used as vegetable. -7 Fruits is considered as blood purifier.

Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) Mahudo

BAJ: 179

10 - 15 m. tall bark black grayish black or ash coloured longitudinally fissured. Flowers creamy white in dense axillary fascicles.

FLS & FRS :Feb. - Mar. Rare.


-7 Seed oil is used as a dressing for skin diseases and chronic rheumatism. -7 Paste of t10wers is edible as a raw or cooked. -7 Petals are used in preparation of 'Daru' (Country wine) by fermentation. -7 The fruits are fed to the cattle and cow to remove placenta after delivery. -7 The stem bark is used in bathing as brushes to cure of itch and other skin

diseases. -7 The paste of leaves and stem bark used in sting by any poisonous reptiles. -7 Decoction of bark is given in diabetes and rheumatism. -7 Stem bark along with those of Bridelia montana, Dalbergia latifolia and

Oroxylum indicum (1:1:1:1) crushed and 12 gram extract is administered 4 times a day for dysentery in Cattle.

-7 Fruits are coocked with milk and given daily for strength and vitality. -7 The t10wers are fermented to prepare a type of country liquor.

137

Maerua arenaria var glabra Hook f. & Thoms. (Capparaceae) Dholokatkiyo.

BAJ: 21

An unarmed glabrous shrub Flowers white in Auxiliary in terminal corymbs.

FLS : Oct. - Jan.


FRS :Oct - Jan Not common

-7 The plant is fed as fodder to increase lactation in camel and goat. -7 The crushed root; boiled in castor oil and applied externally on chest of adult

and children to relive pain due to cough and cold. -7 Paste of root is given orally with buttermilk twice a day to cure rabies. -7 Crushed fruit in milk is gi ven to cure milk indigestion in children.

Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) Ambo.

BAJ: 72

15 - 20 m. tall evergreen tree, with light - black or blackish - brown rough longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers greenish white or creamy white in terminal panicles.

FLS & FRS :Dec. - May.


-7 Ripe fruit 'keri' is edible. -7 Unripe fruit is used in preparation of pickle. -7 Roasted seed cotyledons are edible.

FRS :Feb. - July. Cultivated.

-7 Leaves are used in an auspicious garland hung over the gate, during marriage ceremonies and festivals.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of furniture and utensil like dough plate, spoon. -7 The wood used for burning in 'Hawan' at several occasions for happiness and

prosperity. -7 Crushed seed cotyledons, mixed with curd and gi ven to cure cholera. -7 Sap of plant is applied externally on eye to cure itching. -7 Flowers boiled in castor oil and 2 drops of filtered oil is introduce in the ear to

cure earache. -7 Rind of unripe fruit is mixed with milk and little honey, it is given orally in

bleeding dysentery. -7 Decoction of leaves used in mouthwash to cure toothache and loss of voice. -7 2 table spoon powder of dried leaves is given in diabetes, everyday.

138

Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. (Sapotaceae) Rayan

BAJ: 180

10 - 15 m. tall, trees, bark gresish - black or blackish - brown rough deeply longiludinally furrowed. Flowers creamy white.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Nov. Common.


~ Ripe fruits are edible. ~ Latex is used in toothache. ~ Paste of leaves and seeds are applied on scorpion sting. ~ Wood is yields strong and dense timber. ~ Decoction of leaves and stem bark is gi ven in leprosy and leucorrhoea. ~ Twigs are used as toothbrushes. ~ Twigs are common fodder for animals in Barda Hills. ~ Stem bark decoction (5 tea-spoons) administered twice daily for 2 days by

Rabari for diarrhoea. Manilkara zapata (L.) P. Royen BAJ: 181 (Sapotaceae) Chikoo.

3 - 5 m. tall shrubs, bark brown rough longitudinally fissured. Flowers dull- white.

FLS & FRS :Sept.- Nov. Cultivated.! Wild

Ethnobotanical uses;

~ Ripe fruits are sweet and edible. ~ Unripe fruits eaten as recommended by local Vaidyas. ~ Decoction of bark is given in fever and diarrhoea.

Martynia allnua L. (Martyniaceae) Vinchhudo

BAJ: 255

45 - 100 cm. Tall viscidly - pubesecent herb. Leaves broadly ovate-orbicular flowers pale to bright rosy purple in axillary racemes, capsule 1 seeded, long horned.

FLS : Aug. - Dec.


FRS :Aug. - Dec. Common.

~ Juice of fresh leaves applied internally on sore throat. ~ The paste of leaves and dry fruits is applied externally on scorpion bite. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on swelling, boils and rheumatism.

139

~ Its seed oil is used in eczema. ~ Crude oil extracted from its fruits applied locally on itches.

May tenus emaginata (Willd.) D. Hou. (Celasteraceae) Kakado / Vicro.

BAJ: 61

2 - 5 m. tall thorny bushy shrubs, with grey or grayish brown rough bark. Flowers creamy white in much branched cymes.

FLS : Nov. - Feb.


~ The fruits used as a cattle feed. ~ Leaves are used as fodder.

FRS :Dec. - Feb. Common.

~ Decoction of tender branches is given orally to the children to cure for colic complaints, dysentery and diarrhoea.

~ Dry branches used as field fencing.

~ Paste of root is applied on scorpion sting, swelling and rheumatism. ~ Decoction of tender branches used as a mouthwash in toothache and stomatitis. ~ Juice of fresh leaves mixed water and dropped in to eyes as eye drops in case

ophthalmia and for better eyesight.

Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) Rajko. / Gadab

BAJ: 92

30 - 90 cm. tall an erect almost glabrous perennial herb. Flowers blue purple in racemes.



~ Plant is cultivated for fodder purpose. ~ Decoction of leaves is given in kidney disorders.

Melhaniajutteyporensis Munro ex Masters. (Sterculiaceae) Adbau khapat.

Cultivated.

BAJ: 36

60 - 100 cm. tall, stellately hairy under shrubs. Flowers yellow or orange coloured.

FLS : Aug. - Oct. FRS :Aug.- Nov. Common.

140


~ Decoction of leaves is given orally to the cattle to checking the diarrhoea. ~ Paste of leaves is applied externally on boils and wounds for fast hoealing.

Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) Fudino.

BAJ: 281

Aromatic perennial creeping or ascending herb. Flowers lilac or purple m loose spikes.

FLS : Rarely found. Cultivated.


~ Fresh leaves are used as a condiment. ~ Fresh leaves boiled with tea for pleasant taste. ~ Infusion of leaves is given orally with sugar for infantile trouble, vomltmg

during pregnancy and hysteria. It is also given to reduce the bleeding and pain during menstrual period.

~ Fresh leaf juice introduce in to the nose to cure cold.

~ Tender shoots and leaves are used to prepare 'Sarbat' and taken to overcome thirst.

~ Leaf decoction along with honey is given to treat insomnia and to increase appetite, generally at bed time.

Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufod. (Convolvulaceae) Undar kani.

Slender thinly herb. Flowers yellow axillary solitary.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


~ The fresh leaf juice is employed in cough. ~ The whole plant is grassing by goat and sheep.

BAJ: 229

FRS: Aug.- Dec. Common.

~ Fresh leaf juice is dropped in to the ear for any ear complaints. ~ Fresh leaf juice is given orally on worm. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on swelling, erysipelas and rat bites. ~ Decoction of leaves is employed in anaemia, asthma, calculi and constipation.

141

Millingtonia hortensis L.f. (Bignoniaceae) Buch. / Akash Iimdo

BAJ: 249

5 - 10m. tall tree with yellowish-brown rough corky bark. Flowers white, fragrant pendent.

FLS : Sep. - Dec. Cultivated.


-7 Wood is used in furniture. -7 Decoction of bark is gi ven in diarrhoea, dysentery and fever.

Millusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair. (Annonaceae) umda

BAJ:2

Trees, young branches tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong; 7-15 cm long; flowers purple; ripe carpel's 5-15.

FLS : Feb. - March


-7 Maldhari use its stem bark for paralysis.

FRS :Feb. - March Rare

-7 Paste oil and animal fat applied locally in paralysis. -7 Wood is hard and used (0 prepare agricultural implements and in preparation of

roof of Nesses. -7 Ripen fruits are used as cattle feed. It is also edible. -7 Decoction of stem bark is used to wash (he wounds. -7 Crushed leaves are tied on the wound of animals by Maldhari.

Mimosa hamata WiUd. (Mimosaceae) Kai baval.

BAJ: 125

0.5 - 2 m. tall, under shrub, with cinnamon - brown bark. Flowers pink purple in heads.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


-7 Dry leaves used as fodder. -7 Plant is used in field fencing. -7 Twigs are used as toothbrushes.

FRS: Aug.-Dec. Common.

142

-7 Paste of fresh leaves is bandaged on wounds for fast hoealing. -7 Roots are used as oral contra ceptive. -7 Tender shoot and leaves are crushed and 2 table spoon given orally for

hydrocele and dissolving urinary stones.

Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) Gulbas.

BAJ: 290

Large, erect, much branched perennial under shrub with tuberous roots. Leaves ovate. Flowers red, white or yellow, corollar tube elongated; fruits leathery.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Feb. Cultivated.! Rare


-7 Culti vated in the garden as ornamental plants. -7 The boiled leaves poultice used for resolving boils. -7 Paste of root is applied on carbuncles. -7 Powder of dried root is gi ven in constipation, dropsy and piles. -7 The root (about 8 gm.) is made into paste and given once a day for 3 days for

piles. -7 Flower used as time indicator and offered to deities. -7 Root tied to waist for smooth delivery.

MitragYlla parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (Rubiaceae) Kalam.

BAJ: 162

8 - 15 m. tall, deciduous tree, bark gray smooth exfoliating in small scales. Flowers white turning yellow in globose axillary and terminal head. FLS : Apr. - May. FRS :Apr.-luly

Conunon. Ethnobotanical uses:

-7 Twigs are used as a tooth brushes. -7 The paste of stem and root bark is used in snakebite. -7 Infusion of stem bark given orally to the diabetic patients. -7 Wood is used as fuel and preparation of tool handle. -7 Decoction of stem bark used as deodorant of mouth.

Mollugo pelltaphylla L. (Molluginaceae) Satodo

BAJ: 140

Diffuse or sub erect slender dichotomously branched herb. Flowers creamy white in terminal cymes. FLS & FRS :Aug. - Nov. Common.

143


~ Poultice of the leaves used for sore legs. ~ Decoction of leaves and stem is given in fever, indigestion, anorexia and to

Increase menses.

Momordica chrantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Karela.

BAJ: 152

Slender climbing or trailing herb, densely villous in younger parts. Flowers bright yellow, fruit ovoid; seeds pale yellow.

FLS : July-Aug.


FRS :Sept.- Oct. Cultivated.

~ Plant is cultivated for its unripe fruits, which is used as a vegetable. ~ The fresh juice of unripe fruits is given orally in piles and diabetes. ~ I table spoon the powder of dried fruit is given orally on diabetes for a months. ~ The paste of fresh leaves externally applied on the eyes to cure night blindness. ~ Seeds are given for expelling round worms and liver worms. ~ Paste of root is applied on burns, eczema, itches, boils and swelling. ~ Inhabitants of Barda Hills use paste of its root to reduce swollen breasts.

~ About 15 ml of extracted fruit juice is mixed with equal amount of water and given twice a day for three days in urinary tract infection. Spices are strictly prohibited during the treatment.

Morinda tomentosa Heyne ex Roth. (Rubiaceae) Aal.

BAJ: 163

8 - 13 m. tall with blackish - brown rough irregularly fissured bark, leaves variable is size. Flowers white in fleshy globose heads.

FLS : Mar. - Nov.


FRS :Dried fruit throughout the year. Rare.

~ Wood is used in preparation of wooden utensil like wooden dish. ~ Wood is also used in preparation of agricultural implements. ~ 1 table spoon root extract is given in dysentery.

144

Moringa oleifera Lam. BAJ : 73 (Moringaceae) Sargavo A small, soft tree. Leaves usually 3-pinnate. Flowers in large panicles.

FLS :Jan.-May


FRS :Jan.-May Not common

-7 Unripe & fruits used as a vegetable and good for rheumatism. -7 Paste of the bark is applied externally on wounds for quick hoealing. -7 Leaves are given to cattle for good health and better lactation after delivery. -7 Latex is applied externally to cure whitlow. -7 Plant is used for sore throat.

Morus alba L. (Moraceae) Shetur.

BAJ: 327

2.5 - 6 m. tall, tree with gray or grayish yellow smooth bark. Flowers in spikes it is light to deep violet or purple coloured.

FLS : Jan. - Mar.


-7 Cultivated at dooryard. -7 Fruits are eaten by children and birds. -7 Leaves used as cattle fodder.

FRS: Feb.-Mar. Common.

-7 Plant is well known because the leaves are well known for feeding silkworm.

-7 Fruits are given early in the morning to cure burning urination. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on wounds. -7 Leaves and tender branches are chewed in sore throat and tonsillitis. -7 Young tender leaves are crushed and used for curing dysentery. -7 Bark or leaf decoction has antispasmodic properties. -7 Leaves are anthelmintic. -7 Decoction of root is given thrice a day for 10 days to cure haematuria.

Mukia maderaspatana (L.) Roem. (Cucurbitaceae) Chank chibhdi.

BAJ: 153

Prostrate or climbing scabridly hairy monoeCIOUS annuals. Flowers pale to bright yellow.

FLS & FRS :July. - Nov. Common.

145


-7 Fruits are eaten in worms. -7 Whole plant used as fodder. -7 Juice of leaves is used in mouth wash to avoid heat.

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae) Mitho Iimdo.

BAJ: 54

3 - 5 m. tall large shrub or small tree, with bark brown or nearly black bark. Flowers creamy white in terminal paniculate cymes.

FLS : Apr.-May


-7 Cultivated at dooryard and in garden.

FRS :Apr.-June Cultivated.

-7 Leaves are aromatic and used to flavour curries as condiments. -7 Juice of fresh leaves is given for checking vomiting. -7 Juice of root is given for relief from renal pain. -7 1 table spoon leaf extract is given twice a day for six days in malarial fever. -7 Leaf paste is used to keep away parasites surviving on hen and other domestic

birds.

Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) Kel.

2 - 6 m. tall a stoloniferous herb.



-7 Culti vated for its fruits.

BAJ: 335

Cultivated.

-7 Plant is kept at the gate of marriage mandap as an auspicious sign to married men in all the Hindu religious.

-7 Ripe fruits are edible It is considered very nutritive. -7 Decoction of leaves is given in leucorrhoea. -7 Unripe fruits are used as vegetable. -7 Fruit is used as 'Prasad' in several holy ceremonies. -7 Fruits mixed with milk and fed to animal against swelling of abdomen and

matistitis.

146

Najas minor All. (Najadaceae)

Submerged aquatic herb. Flowers monoecious.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Oct.


BAJ: 358

Common.

~ whole plant is crushed and applied on wound of animals.

Nerium indicum Mill. (Apocynaceae) Lal Karen

2 - 3 m. tall evergreen shrub. Flowers red or pink.



~ Culti vated in the garden as an ornamental plant.

BAJ :192

Cultivated.

~ Paste of leaves is applied externally on skin to cure ringworm. ~ Root crushed with water and applied externally on snakebite. It is also given

orally with ghee for same purpose. ~ Paste of flowers applied externally on small boils on the body, 'ratva'.

Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus (Nees) Dalz. (Acanthaceae) GantheI.

BAJ: 265

25 - 75 cm. Tall, erect simple or branched suffrutescent herb. Flowers blue in globose or cylindric axillary spikes.


EthnobotanicaI uses :

~ Paste of root is applied externally on ringworm. ~ Fodder for goat.

Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) Tamaku.

Common.

BAJ: 237

30 - 60 cm. tall viscidly pubescent herb. Flowers creamy white.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Dec. Not common

147


-7 Cultivated for its leaves which is used in manufacture of cigarettes, beedi and used in hookah tobacco.

-7 Powder of stem and leaf is used in snuff. -7 Powder and extracts of plant is used in agricultural insecticides. -7 Powder of dry leaves or stem mixed with water and applied on honeybee and

wasp bite. -7 Powder is also used to kill microbial flora in wound of animal. -7 Crushed leaves and mixed with water and applied on scalp for killing lice. -7 Green leaves are warmed and kept with butter on swollen areas to get relief

from pain and to reduce swelling.

Nothosaerva brachiata (L.) Wt. (Amaranthaceae) Buvado.

BAJ: 299

15 - 30 cm. tall annual herb. Flowers creamy - white or pink in cylindric spike.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - May.


-7 Root is eaten in time of scarcity. -7 Plant is used in preparation of brooms. -7 Plant is used in preparation of roof of Nesses.

Nyctanthes arbortristis L. (Oleaceae) Parijatak

Common.

BAJ: 185

3 - 8 m. tall tree, seldom shrub. Flowers white fragrant in trichotomously cymose.



-7 Flowers fragrant it is used in preparation of garland. -7 The branches used in preparation of large huge container to store grain. 'potu'

or 'kothi'. -7 Leaves mixed with leaves of (Pergularia deamia) crushed and paste is made it

is applied on skin diseases. -7 Seed crushed and applied on scalp to cure dandruff. -7 Fresh leaf juice is applied externally on skin diseases. -7 Decoction of leaves IS gIven in rheumatism, stomatitis, sciatica, cough and

constipation.

148

2-5 ml juice extract of leaves along with juice of Adhatoda leaves is taken 3 times a day for 2-3 days to control fever.

Nymphaea pubescens Willd. (Nymphaeceae) Poyanu, Kamal

BAJ:8

A perennial flowering aquatic herb. Flowers white or creamy white.

FLS : Aug - Oct


FRS :Sep - Nov Not common

-7 Infusion of root mixed with lemon juice is given twice a day for three days in diarrhoea.

-7 Decoction of flowers is given 1 table spoon everyday for a month in hoeart diseases.

-7 Cooked rhizome eaten in fast. -7 Fruit with sugar cube is given to the patient of diabetes for a month. -7 Flowers are dried, powdered and used as a cooling agent. -7 Leaves given fresh for toothache and prolepses.

Ocimum basillicum L. (Lamiaceae) Damro.

BAJ: 282

30 - 80 cm. Tall, aromatic herb. Flowers white in compact whorls in racemes.

FLS : July- Oct.


FRS :July-Dec. Common.

-7 Infusion of leaves is dropped in to ear to cure earache. -7 Paste of leaves is inhale to cure headache. -7 Juice of leaves mixed with the juice of 'fundino' (Mentha lividis) and given

orally to remove the intestinal worm. -7 Juice of leaves mixed with juice of 'datura' (Datura inoxia) and applied

externally on wounds to kills micro bioalflora in the wound and fast hoealing. -7 Leaf juice given orally with sugar to colic complaints.

Ocimum callum Sines. (Lamiaceae) Ran tulsi

BAJ: 283

20 - 45 cm. Tall aromatic herb. Flowers white or whitish pink in whorls. FLS & FRS :July - Dec. Common.

149


-7 Fresh leaves chewed to cure cold and cough. -7 Decoction of leaves mixed with 'sunth' dried rhizome of (Zingiber officinale)

and given orally to cure thoresic problems and fever. -7 Juice of leaves is dropped in to ear in earache. -7 Infusion of leaves is given as mouthwash for foul breath, in rheumatism and

piles.

Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) Ram tuisi.

BAJ: 284

45 - 100 cm. tall perennial erect under shrub. Flowers pale greenish yellow III

compact whorls.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Jan. Rare.


-7 Branches used as a tooth brushes to cure toothache. -7 Leaves are employed in scurvy, burning micturition, fever, coughs,

stomachache, headache, dysentery, diarrhoea, neuralgia and piles. -7 Juice extracted from leaves is given orally for viral fever.

Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) Tuisi.

BAJ: 285

30 - 90 cm. tall perennial woody herb. Flowers pale pink or pinkish purple in compact whorls.

FLS & FRS :Sept.-Mar. Common.


-7 Plant is cultivated in dooryard because it is considered sacred plant III the Hindu religions and used in Pinddan ceremony.

-7 Plant is having insecticidal and antibacterial properties. -7 Decoction of root is given orally mixed with 'sunth' (Zingiber officinale) and

given in malerial fever. -7 Fresh leaves chewed for relief in cough and cold. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on ringworm, animal bite, scorpion sting, insect bite,

scabies, wounds, leprosy and itches. -7 10 ml juice of fresh leaves mixed with juice of root of Boerhavia diffllsa is

given twice a day for 8-\ 0 days in chronic liver problems. -7 It is a woman's divinity per excellence.

150

Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (Rubiaceae) Parpat / Chakli ghass

BAJ: 164

10- 30 cm. tall annual erecjt or diffuse glabrous herb. Flowers creamy white in axillary cymes.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Nov.


-7 Decoction of leaves is given in jaundice.

Opuntia elatior Mill. (Cactaceae) Hathlo thor

Common.

BAJ: 155

90 - 200 cm. Tall shrub, with jointed stem. Flowers reddish - purple or yellow axillary solitary.

FLS : Feb. - Apr.


-7 The plant is used as field fencing.

FRS:Feb.-May Rare.

-7 Ripe fruits are eaten in whooping cough and spasmodic cough. -7 Paste of roasted stem is applied externally on boil, swelling and plague tumour.

Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae) Chokha

75 - 100 cm. Tall herb. Flowers in elongate panicles.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Nov.


-7 Plants Cultivated for its seeds. -7 The dried plant used as fodder.

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. (Bignoniaceae) Tetu.

BAJ: 380

Cultivated.

BAJ: 250

6 - 10m. tall deciduous soft - wooded tree, with light brown bark. Flowers bright -purple in terminal racemes.

FLS : May. - Aug. FRS :May. - Aug. Common.

151


-7 Very tender pods are used as a vegetable. -7 The paste of root bark or decoction of root bark is used in diarrhoea and

dysentery. -7 Decoction of leaves is given orally in stomachache and other colic complaints. -7 Infusion of stem bark is given to cure hemorrhoids and piles.

Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae) Changeri I Navari

BAJ: 51

Annual or perennials with radially spreading ranches. Flowers yellow In sub umbellate.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Common


-7 10 ml fresh leaf juice is given in dyspepsia, piles and anaemia. -7 Infusion of leaves given orally to cure any eye complaints. -7 Leaves used as a vegetable and used in preparation of chutneys. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on swelling part. -7 Juice of fresh leaves is given in scurvy. -7 Whole plant is used for preparing chutney. -7 Leaf juice is used to pick out thron from skin. -7 Crushed shoot stolon roasted with little mustard oil cures dysentery.

Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst. (AscIepiadaceae) Jal dudhi.

BAJ: 201

A perennial, twining herb, with milky latex. Flowers creamy white out side pink to reddish purple within, in axillary pendulous umbellate cymes.

FLS : Sept. - Dec.


FRS :Oct. - Jan. Rare.

-7 The fruits and leaves are eaten in time of scarcity. -7 Plant is used as fodder. -7 Decoction of plant is given in fever, jaundice and used as mouth wash in sore

throat.

152

Pandanus odoratissimus L.F. (Pandanaceae) Kevdo

Large shrub. Flowers dioecious.

FLS & FRS :July. - Sept.


BAJ: 353

Common.

-7 Cultivated in the garden for its very sweet scented flowers (male flowers) -7 Scented flowers used in preparation of 'kewda attar'. -7 Decoction of plant is given in fever, neuralgia and as vaginal douche to

Increases menses. -7 Planted for fencing in the Ness viscinity. -7 Whole plant is used in ladies worship on 'Kevdatrij'.

Parkinsonia aculeat L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Ram baval

BAJ: 114

3 - 6 m. tall large shrub or small tree with smooth bark. Flowrs yellow in axillary racemes.

FLS & FRS :Jan. - May Cultivated.


-7 Cultivated in the garden as an ornamental plant. -7 Dry branches used as a fuel. -7 Fresh root rubbed with fresh water and given orally seven days on rabid dog

bite.

Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) Dholu kariyatu.

BAJ: 170

30 - 60 cm. tall erect stout undershrub. Heads white in terminal paniculate cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Mar. Common.


-7 Decoction of root is given in dysentery. -7 Decoction of plant IS gIven in fever, neuralgia and as vaginal douche to

Increases menses.

153

Passiflorafoetida L. BAJ: 144 (Passifloraceae) Jangli Krishna kamal.

A slender, herbaceous foetid, tendril climber. Flowers greenish white axillary, solitary.

FLS & FRS :All months. Rare.


-7 Unripe fruits are considered emetic. -7 Decoction of leaves given twice a day in hysteria. -7 Plant used as fodder. -7 Paste of plant is applied on boils, swellings, itches and headache. -7 Fruits are given in giddiness, asthma and biliousness. -7 Juice of leaves is used as vaginal douche to increase menses.

Pedalium murex L. (Pedaliaceae) Motu gokharu.

BAJ: 253

15 - 40 em tall, simple or branched erect or diffuse, pubescent herbs. Flowers yellow axillary, solitary.

FLS & FRS :July. - Nov. Conunon.


-7 Whole plant extract is used as a tonic for health and vigour. -7 Decoction of fruits is used for incontinence of urine and other complaints of

urinary system. -7 Powder of dry fruit and mixed with dry stem powder of Withania somnifera

and given internally for better health. -7 Powder of fruits is mixed with the sugar and given orally to the diabetic patient

to cure diabetes. -7 Water boiled with whole plant is fed to animal to help expel the placenta after

delivery. -7 Ladlls (a type of sweetmeat ) prepared from the seed are given to patients

suffering from joint pain and lumbago.

154

Pentatropis capensis (LJ.) Bullock (Asclepiadaceae) Shingroti

Twining herb. Cymes lateral umbellate, few flowered.



~ Decoction of root is gi ven Arthritis. ~ Leaves are eaten like pickles with bread. ~ Immature fruits are eaten by children. ~ Flowers are taken with sugercube in diabetes.

Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. (Asclepiadaceae) Chamar dudheli

BAJ: 202

Common.

BAJ: 203

Prennial, herbaceous twiner, with milky JUIce. Flowers creamy white In lateral drooping umbellate cymes.



~ Latex or leaf juice is applied on skin diseases. ~ Plant browsed by goat. ~ Infusion of the plant is given in menstrual troubles. ~ Paste of the leaves applied to carbuncles. ~ Plant crushed and mixed with common salt, which is sprayed on remove hairs

on skin (Leather) of the dead animals. ~ Flowers along with salt are given in cough, bronchitis and asthma. ~ Crushed leaves applied on haemorrhides. ~ SOOgm leaf and SOOgm root of the plant, SOOgm root of Cyperus rotundus are

boiled in 2S0ml mustard oil. The residue is applied on leprotic wound.

Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. (Acanthaceae) Bodi anghedi / Kali anghedi.

BAJ: 266

I - I.S m. tall erect herb with 4 - 6 angled spreading or geniculately ascending branches. Flowers purple rosy.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Jan. Common.

155


-7 Plant used as fodder. -7 Decoction of plant is given in fevers, cough, swellings and indigestion. -7 Root is chewed in dental caries. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on temple in insomnia.

Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. (Arecaceae) Khajuri.

BAJ: 352

8 - 15 m. tall tree, trunk straight or crooked. Flowers sessile on compound spadix.

FLS : Jan. - Mar.


FRS :Jan. - June. Common.

-7 Dry leaves are used to make headgear and broom. It is also used in preparation of hut.

-7 Ripe fruits are edible. It is also used in lcprosy and sexual debility. -7 Paste of the powdered seed is applied on head to cure headache. -7 The ash of seeds mixed with any edible oil and applied on skin for scabies. -7 Root is employed in nervous debility and toothache. -7 Made mixture of fruit, fruit of Vitis vinifera L. , rhizome of Zingiber ojjicinale

Rosc. , sugar cube and ghee, add this mix in cow milk and give twice a day for 4 days to cure fever.

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene. (Verbenaceae) Ratvelio

BAJ: 273

Creeping often radially spreading herb. Flowers white or pale pink in cylindric spikes.

FLS & FRS :July - Feb. Common.


-7 The poultice of fresh plant applied to boils and chronic indolent ulcers. -7 Infusion of the plant applied externally in small boils on the body 'ratva' hence

its local name is 'ratvelio'. -7 Decoction of plant is given in calculi, bleeding piles, indigestion and to women

after delivery to prevent puerperal fever.

156

Phyllanthus fraternus Webster. (Euphorbiaceae) Bhoyn amli / Hajar daniu.

20 - 50 cm. tall annual herb. Flowers pale - greenish yellow axillary.

BAJ: 320



~ Tender branches and leaves are chewed in diabetic patient to control sugar in the blood.

~ Infusion of the plant is mixed with sugar and given orally on burning urination to check burning sensation.

~ Decoction of root and leaves is given orally in malarial fever. ~ Fresh leaves are chewed for checking hiccup. ~ Paste of fresh leaves is applied externally on wounds and snakebite.

Physalis minima L. (Solanaceae) Sar popti.

BAJ: 238

IS -75 cm. Tall diffuse or sub erect glabrous herb. Flowers yellow axillary solitary.



~ Ripe fruits are eaten by children. ~ Plant used as fodder. ~ Ripe fruits are given in dropsy, constipation and enlargement of the spleen and

gout. ~ Fruit is also llsed in colic complains.

Pithecelobium dulce (Roxb.) Bth. (Mimosaceae) Goras amli.

BAJ: 126

6 - 10m. tall armed tree, bark grayish - black rough, longitudinally fissured. Flowers white in heads.

FLS : Jan. - Mar. FRS :Jan. - May. Common.

157


-7 Pulp of pod is edible it is gi ven in jaundice and diarrhoea. -7 Leaves are used as fodder. -7 Wood is used in preparation of tool handle. It is also used as fuel. -7 Decoction of bark is given in diarrhoea and fever. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on blunt injury and to promote hair growth. -7 Roasted seeds are consumed.

Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae) Safed chitrak I Chitro

BAJ: 178

60 - 100 cm. tall slender olivaceous - green undershrub. Flowers white in terminal spike.

FLS & FRS :Sept.-Nov. Conuuon.


-7 The paste of root and leaves is applied externally on leucoderma, ulcer, wounds and opening abscesses.

-7 The powder of root mixed with ghee and given orally to cure piles and chronic constipation.

-7 Decoction of root is given in dropsy, spruce, piles, leucoderma and rheumatism.

-7 Root powder mixed with fruit of Piper IOllgum, rhizome of Acorus calamus,

and dry ginger in equal quantities is given to remove indigestion.

Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) Khad champo

BAJ: 193

5 - 10 m. tall tree, with plenty of milky juice. Flowers white in terminal cymes.

FLS : Throughout the year. Cultivated.


-7 Cultivated in the garden as an ornamental plant. -7 Externally the juice of plant is useful for the treatment of rheumatic pains. -7 Decoction of bark is used as vaginal douche in leucorrhoea. -7 Poultice of leaves is applied on swellings. -7 Flowers are used in fevers. -7 Roots is cooked in caster oil and crushed and applied to cure bruises.

158

A piece ( 8-10 cm) of young shoot is inserted in to vagina; it should be done at night and kept whole night for abortion.

Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. (Annonaceae) Asopalav.

BAJ:3

5 - 10 m. tall tree, bark light blackish - brown. Flowers greenish white in shortly peduncled umbel.

FLS : Dec. -lune.


-7 Planted at dooryard.

FRS :Apr. - Aug. Cultivated.

-7 Leaves are used in auspicious garland hung around gate. -7 Leaves are used in Puja. -7 Wood is used in building construction. -7 Decoction of stem bark is given in fever, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. -7 Fruit pericarp crushed in water and extract is taken orally twice a day for 4-5

days in diarrhoea.

Polygala chillellsis L. (Polygalaceae) Pili bhoysan.

BAJ: 23

Erect or diffuse, appressed hairy herbs. Flowers in short axillary racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Nov.


-7 Infusion of leaves is given internally in asthma. -7 Decoction of root is given in fevers.

FRS :Sept.-Nov. Common

-7 Paste of fresh leaves applied externally to reduce swelling.

Polygonum plebejum R. Br. (Polygonaceae) Jinko okhrad.

Diffuse herb. Flowers pale to bright pink, solitary axillary.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Mar.


BAJ: 305

Common.

159

~ Infusion of the plant is given in colic complaints. ~ Plant ash with oil is applied on eczema, ulcers and wounds.

Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) Moti luni

BAJ: 24

Prostrate or diffuse succulent herb. Flowers yellow in terminal solitary or fascicled.




~ Fresh leaves used as vegetable. ~ Juice of fresh leaves applied on sole of feet and palm of arm on burning

sensation. ~ Young stem and leaves chewed to cure for scurvy, and liver diseases. ~ The Charan tribe rub the plant sap on the body during scorching heat of

summers for relief in blisters and boils. ~ 10gm powder of seed is taken orally twice a day for 3-5 days in diarrhoea.

Potamogetoll Ilodosus Poir. (Potamogetonaceae) Jal pupedi

BAJ: 357

Submerged rooted, slender herb. Flowers pink in compact terminal spikes.

FLS & FRS :Aug.-Dec. Common.

Premlla herbacea Roxb. BAJ : 274 (Verbenaceae ) Geetli Trees; leaves unpleasant-smelling, undulate, ovate orelliptic, base cuneate or cordate; tlowers in terminal corymbs; drupe globose, 5-7 mm diam, black when ripe.

FLS : July - Nov.


FRS: July - Dec. Common

~ Decoction of root is given in rheumatoid arthritis. ~ Ripe fruit is eaten by children. ~ Paste of leaves applied on forehead in headache. ~ Tender branches crushed in oil and applied on wound of animal to heal easy.

160

Prosopisjuliflora (Sw.) DC (Mimosaceae) Gando baval

Armed shrub or small tree. Flowers yellow in pendent spikes.

BAJ: 127

FLS : Oct. - Feb. FRS :Oct.-June. Common.


~ The pulp of ripe fruits is edible it is to avoid constipation. ~ The pod is considered nutritive fodder. ~ Wood is used as fuel. ~ Dry branches used as field fencing. ~ Crushed leaves are applied on the wounds of animal. ~ Boiled pods are fed to in crease lactation in animal.

Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) Jamphal.

BAJ: 135

2 - 4 m. tall large shrub or small tree, bark grayish - black, rough longitudinally fissured, peeling of in irregular flakes. Flowers white or creamy white.

FLS : Mar. - May.


~ Cultivated at dooryard and fields for its fruits. ~ Fruits are sweet edible.

FRS :Apr.-July. Cultivated.

~ Fresh young leaves are chewed for some time and then discarded with saiva to get relief from painful ulcers in mouth. This is to be repeated many times a day till complete relief.

~ Leaf paste is applied in case of itches

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. var. acumillatus Pruin. (Fabaceae) Biyo.

BAJ: 93

12 - 18 m. tall deciduous tree with ash coloured or yellowish grey longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers yellowish in paniculate racemes.

FLS : Jan. - Feb. FRS :Feb. - Mar. Rare.

161


~ Wood is useful timber, which is used in preparation of furniture and cart. ~ Leaves used as fodder. ~ The gum is given orally in diarrhoea and dysentery. ~ 3 gram gum dissolved in water and is taken orally in diarrhoea and dysentery. ~ Wooden doll is prepared from wood.

Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb.) DC. (Fabaceae) Khakhar vel

BAJ: 94

Extensive twiner, silky - grey, pubescent. Flowers bluish - purple In terminal panicles.

FLS & FRS :Mar. - Apr. Common.


~ Paste of root bark is applied reduce swelling of the pain full joints.

~ Powdered root is employed in male sexual debility and fever. ~ Equal amount of root powder of Plumbgo zeylania, Pueraria tuberose

and whole plant of centel/a asiatica is mixed together and half teaspoon of this powder is taken orally with milk daily for 1 month to increase memory.

Punica grallatum L. (Punicaceae) Dadam.

BAJ: 141

A large shrub with cinnamon - brown bark. Flowers bright - red or vermilion red solitary or in cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct.-Feb. Cultivated.


~ Cultivated for is edible fruits. ~ The rind of fruit is chewed for checking diarrhoea. ~ Dried flowers are useful in haemoptysis, bronchitis, vomiting and blennorhoea. ~ Fresh leaves are given to pregnant women to protect embryo.

162

Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) Gadar zipto

BAJ: 300

45 - 90 cm. tall, erect, sub erect or straggling herbs or under shrubs. Flowers greenish yellow or slightly tinged pinkish.

FLS : July.- Nov. FRS :Aug.-Jan.

Common.


~ Plant used as fodder. ~ ltable spoon Infusion of root is given orally twice a for 10 days in urinary

trouble. ~ Paste of plant is applied on boil for fast hoealing. ~ Decoction of fruit is given in common fever, leprosy, leucoderma and

bronchitis.

Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Var. minima. (Fabaceae) Nahni kamalvel.

BAJ: 95

Trailing or twinning glabrous or hairy herb. Flowers reddish - yellow in axillary racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Dec.


~ Plant used as fodder for goat and camel. ~ Seeds are considered poisonous.

FRS: Aug.-Jan. Common.

~ Paste of leaves is applied on boils and wounds for fast hoealing.

Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) Arandi / Diwela

BAJ: 321

1.5 - 5 m. tall with light or glaucous grey or reddish smooth bark. Flowers pale -yellow.



~ Plant is Cultivated for its seeds, which yield a castor oil used in dysentery.

163

~ Roasted leaves are bandaged on head to relief headache. ~ Dried stem is yields fibre, which is used in preparation of ropes and strings. ~ Decoction of root is applied in skin diseases. ~ Castor oil mixed with honey and given in morning and evening to cure asthma

and to avoid constipation. ~ 2-5 ml seed oil with ginger juice is given once a day in rheumatoid arthritis and

also applied externally. ~ Oil is applied on feet incase feet cracked. ~ Leaves heated over flame and applied over regions of pain and swelling from

wounds for cure. ~ Dried plant used in fencing the nesses and preparation of roof and also fuel too.

Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy. (Convolvulaceae) Phang.

BAJ: 230

An extensive woody climber. Flowers white in axillary cymes.

FLS : Sept. - Nov.


~ Paste of root is applied on scorpion bite.

FRS :Sept.- Feb. Common.

~ Roasted leaves are bandaged on swelling part of rheumatism. ~ Root decoction is taken with milk for a week to check involuntary seminal

discharge. Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) Phatakadi

BAJ: 267

30 - 45 cm. tall an erect perennial herb with tuberous root. Flowers bluish - purple or deep blue in axillary cymes.

FLS & FRS :]uly - May. Common.


~ Seeds are consumed in cases of spermatorrhoea, sexual weakness and burning micturation.

~ Decoction of leaves given to a patient of cough. ~ 5 gm dry root powder is taken to create cooling effect and as a blood purifier

for a week.

164

Salvadora oleo ides Decne. (Salvadoraceae) Mithi jar.

BAJ: 186

An evergreen tree with sarmentose branches and rough grey bark. Flowers greenish white in axillary paniculate racemes.

FLS & FRS :Dec. - Feb. Common.


~ Leaves are used as fodder. ~ The ripe fruits are sweet and edible. ~ The dry fruits are edible and fed to cattle for increasing milk. ~ The ash of branches mixed with milk and paste is prepared it is applied on

wound for fast hoealing and scabies of camel. ~ The wood is used in preparation of platform of 'potu' or 'kothi' - a large huge

container to store grain. ~ Wood is also used in preparation of hut and shelter purpose. ~ Fresh twigs are used as toothbrushes.

Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) Khari jar.

BAJ: 187

2.5 - 5 m. tall evergreen tree with straight or crooked trunk and dull grey to greenish -brown bark. Flowers greenish yellow in axillary and terminal panicale.

FLS & FRS :Nov. - Feb. Common.


~ Fresh twigs are used as toothbrushes. ~ Fruits are employed in calculi, constipation, indigestion and stomatitis. ~ Seed oil is applied on rheumatism. ~ Ash of stem mixed with butter milk and given to cattle after delivery to expel

the placenta. ~ Fresh leaves are given as fodder against constipation to animals. ~ Roots are levigated and given to epileptic patients.

Sansevieria thyrsiflora Thunb. (Agavaceae)

BAJ: 340

A stout tufted perennial herb. Flowers greenish white in spike like racemes.

FLS & FRS :Jan. - Feb. Cultivated.

165


-7 Cultivated in the garden as ornamental plant. -7 Ash of whole plant mixed with water and applied on wounds of animals.

Sansevieria zylallica Willd. BAJ: 336 ( Haemodoraceae ) Nagtani ketaki

A shout tufted perennial shrub. Flowers greenish white in spike like racemes.

FLS: Jan.


-7 ultivated in the garden as ornamental plant.

FRS: Feb. Cultivated

-7 Fibres seprated from leaves and used to prepare mattresses, rope, thread.

Sap indus laurifolius Yah!. (Sapindaceae) Aritha

BAJ: 70

5 - 10m. tall tree with longitudinally fissured rough brown bark. Flowers white in terminal panical.

FLS : Oct. - Dec.


FRS :Nov. - Feb. Common.

-7 The powder of dried fruits is used for washing hairs, clothes and jewellary. -7 The leaves are used in baths for relief of painful joints and gout.

-7 The powder of dried fruit mixed with water as an emetic. -7 Paste of leaves and fruits are applied on snakebite. -7 The husk of fruit is chewed for cough. -7 I table spoon juice of leaves is mixed with 1 gram powder of black piper and

introduce in nose to cure headache. -7 The pulp of fruit is ointment on body to cure burring urination. -7 Fruit crushed in water is applied on abdomen to cure enuresis.

Scirpus affinis Roth. (Cyperaceae)

BAJ: 370

15 - 50 em tall perennial herb. Spikelets in terminal head or very rarely in compact umbel.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Apr. Common.

166



Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) Tal.

BAJ: 254

60 - 140 cm. tall glandular pubescent herb. Flowers axillary solitary or 2 - 3 fascicled bright yellow.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Oct. Cultivated.


-7 Cultivated in the filed for its seeds. -7 Seeds yields edible oil, which is used in rheumatism. -7 Seeds are used in ' Havalls ' or ceremonial sacrifice. -7 The cake is used as fodder. -7 Dried stem is used as fuel. -7 Seeds are chewed on snakebite, scorpion bite and urinary trouble. -7 Dry plant is used to prepare roof of nesses. -7 Dry seeds are powdered and mixed with ghee and fed to animal to treat foot

and mouth disease. -7 Extract of flowcr mixed with honey and cow milk is given twice a day for 15

days to cure calculus.

Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.f. Wight. (Fabaceae) Ikad.

BAJ: 96

I - 2 m. tall simple or branched minutely prickely undershrub. Flowers yellow dotted purple in axillary or terminal racemes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Nov. Common as a weed.


-7 Stem yields fibres, from which very tough ropes are prepared. -7 Plant used in fencing of the nesses. -7 Tender fruit cooked as vegetable

Sida acuta Burm. f. BAJ : 31 (Malvaceae) Bala

20 - 50 cm. tall undershrub, stellately hairy in younger parts. Flowers yellow or pale orange axillary solitary. FLS & FRS :Sept. - Feb. Common.

167


-7 Dry stem yield fibre it is considered substitute of jute. -7 Fresh leaf paste is applied externally on pimples and wounds.

Sida cordata (Burm. C.) Bross. (Malvaceae) Bhoy bala

Perennial patentely hairy herb. Flowers yellow axillary solitary.

BAJ: 32

FLS & FRS :Aug.-Oct. Common.


-7 Tender branches are used as fodder. -7 Decoction of seeds and dry capsule (fruit) is given in sexual debility. -7 Paste of fresh leaf is applied on boils for fast ripening. -7 Decoction of root is given orally in asthma. -7 Fresh root juice of the plant with 2-3 days powdered fruits of Piper nigrwn

L.are gi ven twice on thrice daily as aphrodisiac.

Solanum indicum L. (Solanaceae) Jangali ringani

BAJ: 239

60 - 120 cm. tall stout erect armed stellately hairy under shrub, with pale brown or deep purple bark. Flowers pale purple in axillary racemes.



-7 Crushed root infusion is given internally on colic complains and dropped in to nose to cure nasal ulcers.

-7 Root is used in preparation of 'dasmula', which is ayarvedic medicine. -7 Tender fruits are used as a vegetable. -7 Infusion of root is given orally to the animal relief from any poisonous effect.

Solanum meiongena L. (Solanaceae) Ringana I Vantak.

BAJ: 240

30 - 90 cm. tall armed or unarmed grey stellate tomentose shrub or under shrub. Flowers violet in short axillary racemes.


168


-7 Cultivated for it fruits, which are used as vegetable. -7 Whole plant ash mixed with coconut oil is applied externally III case of

syphilitic ulcers.

Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) Piludi.

BAJ: 241

25 - 90 cm. tall, erect herb, glabrous or thinly pubescent in younger part. Flowers white in pendulous subumbellate cymes.



-7 Juice of the leaves is externally used in local dressing of wounds. -7 Decoction of the leaves is used for washing wounds and painful part. -7 Externally the juice of fresh leaves is applied in ringworm and skin diseases. -7 Roasted leaves bandaged on swollen and painful testicles. -7 Ripe fruits are llsed in piles. -7 Leaves are used as 'bhaji' because it is avoid bile 'pit'. -7 I to 2 drops of Fresh leaf juice is introduced in the ear to remove the insect. -7 Leaf paste and branches are used in Jaundice and high fever.

Solanum surattense Burm. f. (Solanaceae) Bhoyringani.

BAJ: 242

Stellately pubescent prostrate herb. Flowers light to deep purple or gentian - violet in extra axillary racemes.

FLS & FRS :Sept.- May. Common.


-7 The seeds are smoked in pipe to cure the toothache. -7 The smoke from burning seeds are used in toothache. -7 The root is used in preparation of 'dasmula', which is a ayurvedic medicine. -7 Paste of root is applied on snakebite. -7 Juice of fresh leaves is mixed with castor oil and applied externally on the scalp

to cure hair fall. -7 Fruits are crushed by girls for safety of their family members while praying for

them.

169

-7 Water boiled with seeds and paste of leaves is applied on the sores and wounds of cattle.

-7 10 ml fruit juice is given with honey twice a dayj for 10 days to cure dysuria.

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. (Asteraceae) Dudhali sonki

BAJ: 171

35 - 60 cm. tall erect hollow herb. Head yellow in terminal corymbose umbellate cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct.-Feb.


-7 Paste of plant is applied on breasts to increase lactation. -7 Paste of plant is applied on boils and swellings. -7 Good quality of fodder plant. -7 Plant extract is applied externally on old wounds, boils and swellings.

SoymidafebriJuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Rohan.

BAJ: 59

5 - IS m. tall deciduous tree with dark brown or almost black rough bark, exfoliating into large stripes or scales. Flowers greenish white in terminal and axillary panicles.

FLS : Feb. - Apr.


FRS :Mar. - June. Rare.

-7 1 table spoon of the decoction of stem bark is given in diarrhoea, dysentery and fevers twice a day for six days.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements and wooden pestles. -7 Stem bark is yields dye and fibre. -7 Crushed bark is applied externally on skin diseases. -7 Dry branches are used as fuel.

Sterculia c%rata Roxb. ( Sterculiaceae ) Codaro

BAJ: 37

A large tree, bark ash- coloured, leaves 3- lObed , cordate at base, acuminate, stipules , lanceolate, erect.

FRS: Apr.- May FRS: May Common

170


-7 Root decoction is given in diabetes and fever. -7 Fibres obtained from bark used in preparation of thread. -7 In scarcity poor people prepare 'Kanji' and used as substitute of food. -7 Leaves is common fodder for livestock in Barda Hills.

Sterculia urens Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) Kadayo.

BAJ: 38

8 - 18 m. tall deciduous tree with smooth bark, grayish - white or pink in colour peeling off in papery scales. Flowers yellow in dense panicles.

FLS : Mar. - Apr.


-7 The roasted seeds are eaten.

FRS :Apr. Common.

-7 The gum is fried in ghee and it is given to the women after delivery to cure backache.

-7 Dried gum is powdered and fed to animal against diarrhoea. -7 The leaves are used as fodder. -7 Dry branches are used as fuel. -7 Wood is light in weight hence it is used in preparation of toys and musical

instrument. -7 The paste of stem bark is mixed with milk and applied on pimple every day

morning for 15 days.

Stem bark mixed with Haldinia cordi/olia, decoction with pepper, given orally for nine days in leucorrhoea.

Striga angustifolia (D. Don.) Saldhana. (Scrophulariaceae) Dholo agiyo

BAJ: 247

10 - 40 cm. tall erect slender scabridly hairy herbs. Flowers white in axillary solitary.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Nov. Common.


-7 Infusion of root is used for the trcatment of urinary stones.

171

Syzygium cumilli (L.) Skeels. (Myrtaceae) Jambu.

BAJ: 136

10 - 15 m. tall tree with ash brown smooth bark. Flowers pale greenish white in panicled cymes.

FLS : Mar. - May.


~ Ripe fruits are edible.

FRS :Apr. - Nov. Common.

~ 5gm seeds powder is given orally in diabetes for one month. ~ The decoction of stem bark and root bark is given orally in diabetes. ~ Paste of seed is externally applied on the small boil on the body. ~ The leaf juice is applied on scorpion bite. ~ Tender branches are used as toothbrushes. ~ Infusion of fresh tender leaves and fruits are regarded effective remedy for

miscarriage and sterility. ~ Powdered fruit stones along with stones of Mangifera indica L. are mixed 5-

IOgram powder is given with water 4-5 times a day to treat cholera.

Tamarilldus indica L. (Caesalpiniaceae) Amli.

BAJ: 115

10 - 15 m. tall a large evergreen tree, bark grey or light black rough longitudinally fissured. Flowers yellow with purple streaks in lax racemes.

FLS : June - Aug.


FRS :Aug. - Feb. Rare.

~ Tender leaves and flowers are eaten and it is used in preparation of 'chatni'. ~ Roasted seeds are edible. ~ Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements and tool handle. ~ Ripe fruits are used in preparation of curries, chatni and surbat. ~ Leaves are used as fodder. ~ The pulp of ripe fruits is used in cleaning utensils. ~ The pulp of ripe fruits is given orally to avoid constipation. ~ The seeds are rubbed with water and made a paste is applied on scorpion sting. ~ The paste of leaves is applied on wound and ulcers for fast hoealing. ~ The decoction of stem bark is given to cure diarrhoea.

172

~ The powder of stem bark mixed with cured and given early in the morning to cure bleeding piles.

~ Pods and leaves mixed with water are fed to animal to treat the stomach pain after eating castor.

Tamarix ericoides Rottl. (Tamaricaceae) Gajri

BAJ: 26

1.5 - 2.5 m tall bushy shrubs bark dark brown or blackish rough. Flowers pale to bright rosy in terminal branched spikes.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Mar.


~ Twigs are used in preparation of brooms.

Tecoma stalls (L.) H. B. & K. (Bignoniaceae) Pili limdi / Vasant

Common.

BAJ : 251

1.5 - 4 m. tall shrub. Flowers bright yellow in short racemes.

FLS : Feb.- Apr.


~ Planted in the garden as an ornamental plant.

Tecomella ulldulata (Sm.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) Ragat rohido

FRS :Feb.- May. Rare

BAJ: 252

5 - 7 m. tall deciduous shrubs or small tree with grayish brown glabrous bark. Flowers reddish yellow or orange yellow in corymbose racemes.

FLS : Dec. - Apr. FRS :Feb. - Apr. Rare

173


-7 Wood is used in preparation of best quality furniture. -7 The stem bark decoction is given in fever and weakness. -7 Extract of stem is mixed with Sulphur powder and applied on skin to cure

irritation in camels.

Tectona grandis L.r. (Verbenaceae) Sag

BAJ: 275

Deciduous trees with straight trunk and pale brown rough bark. Flowers white or pale blue in terminal panicles.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Nov. Not common.


-7 Wood is used in preparation of furniture. -7 The decoction of stem bark and seeds are given orally to the cattle to start

urination. -7 The leaves and branches are used in preparation of hut roof. -7 Wood powder is applied on temple in headache and swelling.

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae) Sarpankho

BAJ: 97

30 - 80 cm. tall under shrub. Flowers bright rosy purple or violet in raceme.



-7 Plants are used as brooms. -7 Decoction of root is administered orally on rheumatism. -7 Root is chewed for emetic. -7 Roots are fed to animal against general swelling and rheumatism. -7 Decoction of root is mixed with 'kali mari' and given orally on diabetes. -7 Paste of seed is applied externally on scabies. -7 Paste of root is placed in to vaginal wall for abortion. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on eczema, boils and wounds. -7 Aqueous extract of the whole plant is applied on entire body to cure skin

diseases in carnal. -7 50 gm fresh crushed roots are taken with a cup of water twice a day for two

days in dysentery.

174

Tephrosia villosa Wt. & Arn. (Fabaceae) Runchhalo

BAJ: 98

30 - 90 cm. tall hairy undershrub. Flowers bright - violet - purple in racemes.

FLS & FRS :July. - Feb.

Ethnobotinacal uses :

-7 Leaves are used in preparation od dye.

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae) Baheda.

Common.

BAJ: 130

IS - 20 m. tall trees, bark ash - coloured or grayish - brown longitudinally fissured. Flowers creamy - white or pale - yellow in axillary spikes.

FLS : Apr. - May.


FRS :May - Aug. Rare

-7 Fruits are used in preparation of 'triphala churan". -7 Powder of fruit is heated in castor oil and applied on head for falling hair. -7 Fruits are collected by tribals and sold in market. -7 Stem bark is chewed to cure cough. -7 Decoction of stem bark is given in leucorrhoea and anaemia. -7 Unripe dried fruit is used as application along with honey in ophthalmia.

Terminalia catappa L. (Comretaceae) Badam.

BAJ: 131

5 - 7 m. tall deciduous tree, bark blackish - brown longitudinally fissured. Flowers creamy white or pale yellow in axillary solitary or fascicled spikes.

FLS & FRS :Nearly throughout the year. Rare


-7 Plant is Cultivated for its seeds. -7 Seeds are edible it is increase memory power. -7 Ripe fruits are edible for energy. -7 Seeds mixed (5:1:1) with 'Elayachi' and black pepper are powdered and taken

orally (about 2 gm) with water, twice before sunrise and after sunset in 'SIVas

Roga'.

175

Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) Harde.

BAJ: 132

9 - 20 m. tall tree, bark dark brown longitudinally fissured excorticating in to small woody scales. Flowers creamy - white or pale yellow in terminal panicles.

FLS : Mar. - May.


FRS :Oct. - Dec. Rare

-7 Fruits are used in preparation of 'triphala churna.' -7 Powder of fruit is employed in colic, asthma, flatulence, cough, piles, worms,

hiccup, rheumatism and indigestion.

Terminalia crenulata Roth. (Combretaceae) Sajad.

BAJ: 133

15 - 20 m. tall tree with bark excorticating in rectangular t1akes. Flowers white or pale creamy - yellow in terminal and axillary panicle cymes.

FLS : Sept. - Oct.


FRS :Sept. - Apr. Common.

-7 Wood is used in preparation of furniture and agricultural implements. -7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder. -7 Decoction of stem bark is used to wash the wound and ulcers for fast healing in

animals. -7 Plant leaves used in 'Mangalagauri' and 'Ganesh pooja'.

Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland ex. Corr. (Malvaceae) Paras piplo

BAJ: 33

8 - 15 m. tall evergreen tree with grey smooth bark. Flowers pendulous axillary solitary.

FLS & FRS :Throughout the year. Rare.


-7 A holy tree. -7 Stem bark yields strong fibre which is useful for making ropes.

176

-7 The fresh leaf extract is acting wonder drug against jaundice. -7 One table spoon paste of stem bark is mixed in equal quantity with gur and

taken with a glass of water in mac.l dog bite.

Thevetia peru viana (Pers.) Merrill. (Apocynaceae) Pili Karen.

BAJ: 194

Large shrub. Flowers pale to bright - yellow in few flowered cymes.



-7 Cultivated in the garden for ornament. -7 Leaves are emetic. -7 Paste of root is applied on tumours. -7 Seeds oil is applied externally on skin diseases.

Tinospora cordifolia (willd) Miers ex HK.& Th. (Menispermaceae) Galovel

Common.

BAJ:7

Shrub, climber, twiner, extensive deciduous, bark grayish-white, lenticellate grooved ac.lventitious aerial roots present. Flowers small, female flowers in racemes anc.l male flowers fascicled.

FLS : lan-Apr. FRS :Feb-Apr More common

-7 Plant twine around Mango and Neem tree is used as medicine. -7 Chopped plant is fed during pregnancy in cattle. -7 Crushed stem is kept overnight and then juice employed for liver disorders,

fever, diabetes and general debility. -7 Plant paste is given thrice a day for week when blood passes with urine of

human being. -7 Powder of roots is consumed (I table spoon twice a day) to cure breathing

problems, piles and ulcer diseases. -7 Crushed root is given orally to cause vomiting in snake bite. -7 Maldhari used root as rope during collection of fodder for camel. -7 Main foc.lc.ler for goat and camel in Barda region.

-7 Tender leaves are tied on abscesses.

-7 A garland made up of small pieces of the stem is known as 'Kamala ni mala' in tribal races and then hung around the neck to cure jauIlc.lice.

177

~ The bathing is advised with decoction of stem to the female in post delivery treatment.

~ Leaves along with those of Fruits of Aegle mannelos and curculigo or chioides (each 50gm) pounded and extract given orally daily for 10 days in veterinary diseases anthrax.

Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) Satodi.

BAJ: 140

Sub succulant prostrate often radially spreading herb. Flowers white or bright pink, axillary solitary between forks of branches.

FLS : July - Nov.


~ Plant used as fodder. ~ Plant used as green manure.

FRS :July - Nov. Common.

~ Decoction of the plant used as an antidote to alcohol poisoning. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on boils, swelling and burns.

Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) Gokhru / kanti.

BAJ: 49

Prostrate or procumbent hairy herbs some what woody at base. Flowers yellow solitary axillary.

FLS & FRS :Aug.- Nov. Common.


~ Plant is used as fodder. ~ The fruits and leaves are eaten in time of scarcity. ~ The infusion of plant and fruit is used in pain of calculi, other urinary trouble

and sexual debility. ~ Powder of the fruits is mixed with sugar and given to the pregnant women for

easy delivery. ~ The slurry of the plant is fed to animal as energizer during pregnancy. ~ Leaf extract or powder is given thrice a day to patients suffering from

leucorrhoea.

178

Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. (Boraginaceae) Undhafuli

BAJ:217

15 - 90 cm. tall simple or branches strigose herb. Flowers blue axillary solitary.



-7 Leaves are roasted and bandaged on swelling of joints. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on swelling due to rheumatism and boil. -7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 Crushed leaves with water are fed to treat fever and bodyache in animals.

Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Cucurbitaceae) Kadvi parval.

BAJ: 154

Monoecious herbaceous slender tendrillar climbers. Flowers white male in racemes, female solitary.



-7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 The powder of seeds is given orally to the children in colic complaints and

intestinal worms. -7 Decoction of dry leaves is used to wash wounds for fast hoealing.

Tridax procumbens L. (Asteraceae) Pardesi bhangaro

BAJ: 172

30 - 60 cm. tall glabrous or thinly hairy erect or procumbent herb. Flowers in heads.



-7 Paste of leaves is bandaged on wounds, cuts and bruises to check the bleeding. -7 Juice of leaves is considered insecticide and pesticide. -7 Infusion of leaves is added in to the ear to cure earache and stop the pus

formation in ear. -7 Juice of leaves is applied on temple to relieve headache.

179

Trigonellafoenum - graecum L. (Fabaceae) Methi.

BAJ: 99

10 - 50 cm. tall glabrous herb faintly hairy in younger parts. Flowers creamy yellow in terminal solitary or a few in racemes.

FLS & FRS :All months Cultivated.


~ Tender branches and leaves are used as vegetable. ~ Seeds are eaten raw or cocked. ~ Poultice of seeds is applied on boils and ulcers. ~ Whole plant is used as fodder. ~ Paste of leaves is applied on swelling and burns. ~ Fresh leaves and seeds mixed with fodder are fed to animal suffering from

rheumatism. ~ Seeds andjaggery are mixed and fed to cow and buffaloes to enhance lactation.

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) Zipti

BAJ: 47

40 - 100 cm. tall undershrub. Flowers bright yellow, indense terminal and leafopposed cymes, bract triangular .

FLS : July. - Sept.


FRS :Aug. - Sept. Common.

~ Stem is yield fibre, which is used in preparation of string. ~ Infusion of root is given orally to the cattle in intestinal ulcers and for fast

delivery. ~ Infusion of root is mixed with lemon juice and given orally to the children to

cure dysentery.

Triumfetta rotundifolia Lam. (Tiliaceae) Zipto.

BAJ: 48

A small herb. Leaves orbicular, toothed, hairy, based rounded, 3-5 nerved, stipules triangular. Flowers in interrupted racemes.

FLS : July. - Sept. FRS :July. - Oct. Common.

180


-7 Dry plants are used as brooms. -7 Paste of leaves is applied externally on wounds to check bleeding. -7 Twig is used as toothbrushes in tribal races.

Tylophora indica (Burm. C.) Merrill. (Asdepiadaceae) DamniveI.

BAJ: 204

Perennial suffruticose herb or undershrub with yellowish sap. Flowers greenish white in axillary umbellate cymes.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - Nov. Rare.


-7 Tender branches and leaves are chewed to cure asthma. -7 Infusion of root bark is mixed with water and gi ven for to cure asthma. -7 One cup of decoction of the whole plant is taken twice a day before meals for

one month in asthma.

Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. (Typhaceae) Pan / Ghabajariu

BAJ: 354

I - 2 m. tall robust perennial scapigerous herb. Spikes terminal terete reddish brown.

FLS : May. - Feb.


FRS :May- Apr. Rare.

-7 The leaves are used in preparation of strings and stand of pot and thatch huts. -7 The flowers are applied externally on wounds and cuts for checking the blood

and fast hoealing. -7 Ash of inflorescence is applied on wounds and boils dressing to stop bleeding.

Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. (Liliaceae) Pan kando.

BAJ: 343

Perennial herb. Flowers when plants leafless in racemes.

FLS : June. - Oct. FRS :June. - Oct. Common.

181


~ The few dose of bulb is used as cardio vascular tonic but large dose can cause vomiting.

~ Paste of bulb is applied in skin troubles. ~ Bulb is employed in T.B., burning micturition and asthma.

Vallisneria spiralis L. (Hydrocharitaceae) Jalsarporia.

BAJ: 332

Submerged, rooted, stoloniferous herb. Male flowers white many in compact ovoid head on short axillary scape. Female t10wers white solitary on coiled scape.

FLS & FRS :Apr. - Nov.


~ Plant is employed in leucorrhoea.

Vernonia allthelmilltica (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae) Kalijiri

Common.

BAJ: 173

0.5 - 1.5 m. tall herb, stout, glabrous or appressed hairy. Heads bright purple in terminal corymbs.

FLS & FRS :Sep. - Oct. Common.


~ Whole plant crushed and boiled in castor oil and applied externally on scalp to cure hair fall and to remove lice. It is also used in skin diseases like ringworm and eczema.

~ Fresh juice of plant is applied externally on honeybee bite. ~ Powered seeds are fed to animal to treat the neck pain. ~ Seeds are used as anthelmintic, especially for children, 2-5 gm. with water in

empty stomach twice a day for 3 days.

Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Asteraceae) Sahadevi

BAJ: 174

30 - 100 cm. tall erect herbs. Head pale to bright purple in terminal paniculate cymes.

FLS & FRS :Aug.- Mar. Common.

182


-7 I table spoon infusion of root is given twice a day for 8 days for cough and colic complaints.

-7 The fresh leaf juice is mixed in warm water and given internally on malarial fever.

-7 Whole plant is used as fodder.

Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal. (Fabaceae) Math I Mot.

BAJ: 100

Suberect or diffuse nearly glabrous herb. Flowers pale to bright yellow in capitate racemes.

FLS & FRS :Sept. - Aug. Cultivated.


-7 Plant is Cultivated for its seed. -7 Tender pods are edible and it is used as vegetable. -7 Whole plant is used as fodder. -7 Seeds are fed to cattle for increasing milk. -7 Seeds are powdered and used for making various dishes. -7 Seeds boiled and taken orally with clove of Allium cepla L. to cure diarrhoea.

Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi. (Fabaceae) Mag I Mung.

BAJ: 101

Annual patently hairy herb. Flowers yellow in capitate racemes.

FLS : Aug. - Oct.


-7 Plant is cultivated for its seeds.

FRS :Aug.-Nov. Cultivated.

-7 Seeds are edible and used in preparation of 'dal'. -7 Decoction of seeds is given orally to avoid weakness during patient suffering in

typhoid and fever. -7 Paste of seeds is applied externally on mammary gland of nursing women to

increasing lactation.

183

Viscum articulatum Burm. f. (Loranthaceae) Bodovando

BAJ: 307

A dichotomously branched leafless parasite with jointed flattened dark - green branches. Flowers greenish yellow.

FLS & FRS :AII months Rare.


~ The powder of dry plant mixed with 'Tal' oil (Sesamum indicum L.) and heated and applied externally as a ointment on rheumatism.

Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) Nagod.

BAJ: 276

Large shrub or small tree with light blackish brown longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers white or blue or bluish purple in terminal panicles.

FLS & FRS :Oct. - June. Common.


~ Roasted leaves are bandaged on painful joints, rheumatic swelling and headache.

~ Decoction of leaves is used in bath, for relieves the body pain and wash the wounds for fast hoealing.

~ Leaf as vegetables is useful in paralysis. ~ Paste of leaves and stem bark or root bark is applied externally on snakebite. ~ Twigs are used as toothbrush. ~ Wood is used as fuel. ~ One-teaspoon root powder along with milk is given daily to ladies suffering

from menstrual disorders and to restore fertility. ~ Roasted seeds powdered, mixed with wheat nour in 1: 10 ratio and made into

Laddoos are given to ladies once a day before child birth for easy delivery. ~ 3-4 drops of leaf juice with Leucas a:,pera (Willd.) Spreng. is put in the nostrils

in the treatment of poisonous bites in cattle's.

Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae)

BAJ: 39

Erect simple or branched slender hairy under shrub. Flowers yellow in axillary sub padunculate head.

FLS : Sept. - Feb. FRS :Sept.-Mar. Common.

184


-7 Decoction of root is mixed with seed powder of 'kali mari' and given orally in sex debility, particularly in women for induce fecundity.

-7 Paste of flowering twig is bandaged on leg of animal to cure thrush. -7 Dry branches used as broom. -7 Decoction of overnight boiled root is taken orally to cure dysentery. -7 Root extract is an effecti ve medicine for leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoea.

Wattakaka volubilies (L.f.) Stapf. (Asclepiadaceae ) Moti dodi

BAJ: 205

A large twiner with watery juice. Leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate, petioles with a few glands at the base of the lamina. Flowers yellowish-green in umbellate cymes. Follicles 3-5 inches long.

FLS & FRS: Aug.- Oct. Rare


-7 Tender branch extract is poured ( 2 drops) in nose to cause sneezing in colds. -7 Rabari used twiner to tie collected fuel wood. -7 The leaf paste applied on boils and abscesses. -7 Strong fibres are obtain from twigs.

Withania somnifera (L.) DunaJ. (Solanaceae) Ashvagantha

BAJ: 243

70 - 100 cm. tall hairy tomentose undershrub. Flowers greenish yellow axillary.



-7 Infusion of leaves is given internally on fever. -7 Decoction of leaves used in bath for skin diseases and relief body pain. -7 Tender branches and leaves are chewed to cure asthma. -7 Root decoction is mixed with milk and given orally to cure sterility in men. -7 Decoction of powdered root is given to the ladies in leucorrhoea and frequent

mIscarrIage. -7 Paste of root is mixed with cow urine and bandaged on boil for fast pass

formation and skin diseases.

185

Woodfordiafruiticosa (L.) Kurz. (Lythraceae) Dhavdi

BAJ: 139

1.3 - 3 m. tall straggling deciduous shrub with faintly longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers deep red axillary in fascicled cymes.

FLS : Mar. - Apr.


FRS :Mar.-Apr. Common.

-7 Decoction of flowers and flowering twig is used for washing wounds and cuts for fast hoealing.

-7 Flowers yield a red dye. -7 Decoction of capsule is given orally on bowel complaints. -7 Decoction of root is given internally on burning urination and any urinary

troubles. -7 Infusion of flowers is given orally in diabetes. -7 Flowers are crushed with flowers of Butea monosperma Taub. and

homogenized with old jaggery. Tablets are prepared from these are administered thrice a day for a week for conception.

-7 Dried flowers are used in dysentery. -7 The young leaves are considered as blood purifier.

Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) Dudhlo / Dudhi

BAJ: 195

5 - 10m. tall deciduous tree with milky latex and light grayish - black rough longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers creamy white in terminal paniculate cymes.

FLS : Mar. - Aug.


FRS :Aug.-Mar. Common.

-7 Decoction of stem bark and leaves are given orally to cure hay fever and malaria.

-7 Latex is applied on boil. -7 Wood is used in preparation of toys and utensil like spoon. -7 Stem bark along with Jeera and garlic is used against obesity. -7 Infusion of stem bark (about 25 ml per day) for 10-15 days is administered

orally as galactogogue.

186

~---- ~ ---------------

Wrightia tomentosa R. & s. (Apocynaceae) Dudhlo

BAJ: 196

6 - 12 m. tall tree with yellowish - grey or ash coloured bark. Flowers creamy white in terminal tomentose paniculate cymes.

FLS : Dec. - July.


FRS :Jan. - Sep. Common.

-7 Root rubbed with water and it is given orally on worm. -7 The powder of stem bark mixed with curd and given orally for treatment of

calculi. -7 Roots are ground with molasses and taken for 15 days to completely cure

spermatorrhoea.

Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) Gadariyu

BAJ: 175

40 - 130 cm. tall annual herb. Head greenish yellow in terminal and axillary spike.

FLS & FRS :Aug. - Jan. Common.


-7 The leaf juice is introduced in ear to relief earache and pus formation in the ear. -7 The leaf mixed with garlic, ground, made into small pills. Two pills given at

empty stomach for three days in Leucorrhoea and Menorrhoea. -7 The powder of seed mixed with lemon juice and water is given orally to start

urination. -7 Infusion of root is applied to ulcers and boils for fast hoealing.

Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay (Rubiaceae) Laso mindhal

BAJ: 165

1 - 3.5 m. tall armed deciduous shrub with dark - brown or black rough bark. Flowers creamy white or pale yellow fragrant.

FLS : Mar. - Apr.


FRS :Mar. - June Rare.

-7 Infusion of stem bark is mixed with water and given orally in diarrhoea and dysentery but large dose emetic.

187

-7 Bark crushed and given orally in small amount to relieve bone - ache during fever.

-7 The fruit is bandaged on hand at time of marriage ceremonies. -7 The powder of dried fruit is used as an emetic and nauseous.

Zingiber officinale Rose. (Zingiberaeeae) Adu.

A small herb with horizontal fleshy rhizomes. Flowers in long spike.

FLS : Mar. - Apr. Cultivated.


BAJ: 334

-7 Cultivated for its fleshy rhizome, which is used as condiment and preparation of pickle.

-7 Four to five drops of juice of rhizome is taken with honey twice a day for 4-5 days to cure cough.

-7 The poultice of rhizome is mixed with paste of Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) and heated this warm poultice bandaged on eye to cure eye diseases and swelling.

-7 Powder of dried rhizome mixed with an alum and rubbed on teeth to cure teethache.

-7 Four drops of rhizome juice and equal quantity of lemon juice mixed with pinch of pure salt is given before meals to improve digestion.

Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaeeae) Bordi I boydi.

BAJ: 62

3 - 8 m. tall tree armed seldom unarmed with blackish - brown or light black longitudinally fissured bark. Flowers greenish yellow or creamy white in axillary fascicles.

FLS & FRS :Apr. - May. Common.


-7 The decoction of root bark is externally used in piles. -7 The dry branches are used as field fencing. -7 The fresh and dry leaves are used as fodder. -7 The wood is used in preparation of tool handle. -7 The ripe fruits are sweet and eaten by children of Rabari. -7 Paste of leaves is applied on boil. -7 Roots are chewed and swallowed to cure stomachache.

188

Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. C.) W. & A. (Rhamnaceae) Chani bor

BAJ: 63

90 - 120 cm. tall thorny divaricately branched shrub, with grey or pale - brown smooth bark. Flowers greenish - yellow or creamy white in axillary fascicles.

FLS : Sep. - Dec. FRS :Sept.- Jan. Common.


-7 Ripe fruits are sweet and edible. -7 Decoction of leaves is gi ven in stomatitis and toothache. -7 Decoction of stem bark is given in diarrhoea. -7 Dry branches are used in preparation of gate 'zampo'. -7 Dry shrub is burnt to keep warm during winter season. -7 Fruits are sold in folk market.

Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. (Rhamnaceae) Boydi no velo

BAJ: 64

Scandent or climbing armed shrub, rusty to tomentose In younger parts. Spinous branches. Flowers greenish - yellow.

FLS:


-7 Ripe fruits are edible. -7 Tender branches and leaves are used as fodder. -7 Root bark promotes hoealing of wounds.

Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) Ghut bordi.

FRS :Sept.-Nov. Common.

BAJ: 65

3 - 6 m. tall armed or unarmed large shrub or small tree, bark blackish - brown rough. Flowers creamy white or greenish yellow in axillary fascicles.

FLS : Apr. - June FRS :June - Dec. Common.

189


~ The dried branches are used as field fencing. ~ The decoction of root bark is used to wash boils and ulcers for fast healing. ~ Wood is used in preparation of agricultural implements and tool handle.

* ABBREVIATIONS USED

BAJ : - B. A. JADEJA FLS : - Flowering season FRS: - Fruiting season

190

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