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O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far...

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Page 1: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

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Page 2: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”
Page 3: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

New York Times 16/2/2005

• The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,” said Gordon Johnson of the Joint Forces Command at the Pentagon. “They’re not afraid. They don’t forget their orders. They don’t care if the guy next to them has just been shot. Will they do a better job than humans? Yes” The robot soldier is coming.

Page 4: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”
Page 5: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Kevin Warwick

SNP: ingresso e uscita, invasive

In order to assess the usefulness, compatibility and long term operability of a microelectrode array into the median nerve, an electrode has been surgically implanted in the left arm of Prof. K. Warwick implant, as healthy volunteer. (K. Warwick et al., The application of implant technology for cybernetic systems, Arch Neurol. 2003; 60:1369-1373)

Page 6: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

BCI: invasive, in ingresso

Guglielmo Tamburrini

S. K. Talwar, S. Xu, E.S. Hawley, S. A. Weiss, K. A. Moxon, J. K. Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control” Nature 417, 37 - 38 (2002)

Page 7: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

BCI non-invasive, in uscita

EPFL, Lausanne, CH

Fondazione S. Lucia, Roma

Page 8: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

A B C D E F

G H I J K L

M N O P Q R

S T U V X

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A B C D E F

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A B C D E F

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C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

C7

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C10

C11

C12

2 – BCI e P3Speller: potenziale evocato P300

Page 9: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

9

Sforzo psicologico(intenzione)

Modifica deisegnali cerebrali

Caratteristiche del segnale

ClassificazioneDell’intenzione

estrazione di caratteristiche

strategia appropriata di feedback

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Ambiente

BCI: Modello di interazione ad anello chiuso

Page 10: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Dalla letteratura alla tecnologia S. Freud, Considerazioni attuali sulla guerra e sulla morte

• È inevitabile che noi cerchiamo nel mondo della finzione, della letteratura, del teatro un sostituto a tutto ciò cui noi rinunciamo nella vita. La vita è come una partita a scacchi in cui una sola mossa falsa ci può obbligare a dichiararci battuti. Nell'ambito della finzione invece, troviamo quelle molte vite di cui noi abbiamo bisogno.

Page 11: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

3 –pensiero magico e psicoanalisi

• Processi mentali e narcisismo primario– Onnipotenza dei pensieri– Realizzazione istantanea dei desideri– Distribuzione di poteri magici su entità varie

• Principio di realtà – C: Riconosciuto ->rinuncia – I: Respinto -> ricerca di compensazione

Page 12: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

3 –pensiero magico e tecnologia

Narcisismo e ideologia

• Uso magico del pensiero magico vs uso magico del pensiero tecnologico-scientifico (F. Scalzone&G. Tamburrini, AI&Soc., 2012)

• … e la condizione agnotologica• uso ideologico della sopravvalutazione

narcisistica del potere delle macchine– Es.: spinta alla modernizzazione no matter what

Page 13: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Alexandre Koyré ,

• Il problema filosofico del macchinismo non si pone in funzione della macchina nella produzione, ma in funzione della sua influenza sulla vita umana, in funzione delle trasformazioni che lo sviluppo del macchinismo le fa o le può far subire.

Page 14: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Personhood Issuesprotecting identity persistence

• If the second explanation is correct, then learning how to use a BCI before the onset of the completely locked-in state may prevent extinction of thinking. • Pro-active use BCI to preserve thinking in ALS

patients, and ultimately in order to preserve their status of persons.

• Non-discriminatory fair access to BCI technological resources.

Page 15: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Nuovo ruolo per il BCI?

Comunicare con soggetti in stato vegetativo?

Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

“Sindrome di veglia non risponde”

Esperimenti di Owen et al.

Page 16: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Comunicazione BCI e coscienzaCOMUNICAZIONE ETICA PRESUPPOSTI

COSCIENZA

Evocazione ricordi personali

Beneficialità medica

Ragionamento condizionale, seguire istruzioni, immagini mentali. No coscienza?

Domande sul dolore

Beneficialità medica

Coscienza fenomenica.Introspezione : riferire esperienze soggettive

Consenso informato

sperimentazione

Protezione autonomia

Coscienza fenomenica. Introspezione . Rjflessione

Continuazione o interruzione cure

Protezione autonomia

Coscienza fenomenica, introspezione, riflessione, coscienza narrativa

Page 17: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Int. Herald Tribune 26/11/2008

• “My research hypothesis is that intelligent robots can behave more ethically in the battlefield than humans currently can” said Ronald Harkin, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology who is designing software for battlefield robots under contract from the U.S. Army.

Page 18: O. New York Times 16/2/2005 The American military is working on a new generation of soldiers, far different from the army it has. “They don’t get hungry,”

Miessner B.F. (1916). Radiodynamics: The Wireless Control of Torpedoes and Other Mechanisms

• The electric dog, which now is but an uncanny scientific curiosity, may within the very near future become in truth a real ‘dog of war,’ without fear, without heart, without the human element so often susceptible to trickery, with but one purpose: to overtake and slay whatever comes within range of its senses at the will of its master. (Miessner 1916, p.199).


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