!HE B EW .KID GDOMS OF Btll DI· & HARW.a

!he early history ot the Bada. . Chauhans, Who

e~tabl1shed themselves at Bund1, 1 during the period ot

the SUltans ot Delb1 1 is closely assoc1~ted with the

Chauhans ot Sakambhar1, Nadol and Jalor, from whom theY

sprang d.ur1ng the middle ot the fourteenth CeQ.tury.

Lakshmaua; son ot Vakpat1raJa of Sakambhar1, founded

the ld.ngdom of Nadol ( in Karwar ) , sometime before I'.S.

1039/983 A. D. 2, aud the terri tory was held by the Chauhaus

at least up to v.s. 1258/1202 A.D., the last elate of ......___ - ·- ~ ·-·- ·---

saman.ta Simha's 1nscr1ptions.3

1. The terri tory of Bundi lies in the centre of· Rajasthan. Before 1 ts foundation, the tract was called. 'Baraott•. It lies 24.69...-- 28~59--­to the south• east and 75~18 ... - 76~21 to north. B1 ver CbaJnbal lying to the east ot Bml41, separates it from Kota.

2 • i.tl.• , Vol. XI , p •.. 67.

3. samanta Simha•·s inscriptions range from v.s. 1256 to l258/l200-l202 A·D· out of his five available 1nsor1pt1ons, three have been found

~~·o:~:: · ~!:re::;>,t::ncU:~;)~ ~!!~h~!;~~. ~, L1flt P• 64• . .. -- ·- ·- ..... .

203

l.t seems .that atter the attack of QU.tubud-D1n At.bak

on N adol, 1n 693/1197 A. D., 1 the Chauhans under ICirtipala

rd.Sl'ated towards J alor, where the latter succeeded .ln

touncU.n g the kingdom of J alor.

'lhe Chaubans ot Bb1runal con t1nued to bQlcl the

territory successfully under their rulers Mardkrqa,

Sambhran, · J:a1 trao, .Anangarao, V13 aypala, and Re:;arao2 the

last of· whom is said . to be the . foUnder ot Hada branch

•)

.. Accor41ng to the · tradi t:lonal accounts, Rao Deva

. . ' . Singh Hada,. seCond in succession to Rao Hada, captured

Blmai and 1 tSc ad~oin1ng tract which later on Came tD be

knolCl as •·aara.ott. • , f'rom the Mtnas3 sometime .ab·out

1. ~pra, PP• 87·88 • . '

2. BainS1t li.t..l•t P• 101. ' .·;

3• . ACCOl'~l);g. to. :Rains1., the Mina chief' intended to marr1 his son w1 th one of daughters of a Brahman

.. , and the later, not willing to· subiilit ·to tb1s matnmonial alliance, sought the assistance :ot Rao .Deva Sin·gh.. The. marriage was. agreed upon., but the Minas, who assembled at a .certain fixed

' plaoe ·tor the purpose ware, blown oft w1 tb sun-p:wder~ spr.ead_ln the ·~~s b~l~ th~~ ~e~~ _. -~ )'

•• · c;.-v; I#¥ '/c~ &~/ /7'.:¥~ IS!'v/?o--..~ /h/e 6Y-4 H/~ 4-Y-f'/~, . . ~ . ~. ~ {· ~ . ' : " . :. ... ,.

(N atnsi, L.l• t~ IJ!!.4.• t p. 98) • ct. Vtaaabhasktr, , .Vol. •. IIi.P• lt.i24! ·cit.ecl in.· J.S.·Gubilot,. Ra3putF:a

tsa ltihu (Hindi), Vol. II, .p. 42. According to another ,vers1o~,· Deva Sing.n Hada married his . ~a.ughter., .. wi,tJLKUb.Var -Ari. S1ngh1 - son ot · Jtaria · , Laks~an~. ~D1~~ ~d .Wi't;~ J~~s~a.ssistanc.e., .. repu1sed~ .. ~n~ M~as !rom. Bun~1· __ t \ _. \. 0 /)_(} J )J . ~ 4 Qf c?Jv// :ff(>/~)1 171 ~q'J77i 'h.;~ Z' IS;.''i' . ~/9'/ £'; / Nainst, L,&., Vol. I, p. s. (Contd ••• )

. ' , . . ~ l '' I •

the kingdom toundect' by the Hada Chauhan, remal.net ' • • I •

. i . ·, ' . . ' ' ~ . '

control of the Guh11ot chief's of Mewar, who in the1:t

inscriptions· claim ·to ·have sub3ected 1 ts rulers.~ .

From pre~pagec

. · .. ·. ;

However, -both these versions seem to be later fabrications. · In the :f'1rst plac·e the use ot . gun-powder as early as the fourteenth century seems to ,be impossible. (H.L.Sharma, Kgta. . l\a3ra ka Itihas, P• 58) and secondly, Rao Deva stnih• s con temporary at the thron·o of Mewar was perhaps Rana Hammira (1383-1421 A.D.). !rhe only poss1b1l1 ty seems to be that the fiacla · cb1et might have got ·active assiste.nce .from· the · Melfar rulers in establishing b1mselt over the territory 6t BU.ndi. Na.tnsi, ·y,.,Vol.I; p.; 99.

1. Iama&Qhask£1 Vol. II t pp.. 1626-27 g1 ves the date as v.s. 1298/1241•42 A.D. But in view ot the .inscription ·Of v.s. 3364/1298 A.D. belonging to V13 qapala, the · great grand-father ot lao Deva Singh, ~the date ·ot Bund.1 occupation mq be about l340•4lt t.t• we allow about 20 years. period each to· :his . grand-father and tath$r. .J .s. Guhilot, .Raj·putane ka I tihas 1 . Vol. IX t p. 43. · · . . · ..

a.. 1!he inscription from' sr1ngir1sb1 dated v.s. 1485/ 1429 A~ D. records the defeat of Rao Narapala : ("v.·s. 1406-l427/l360-l37l··A.D.) at ·the hands ·. ot Maharana Kshetra Siniha, who anne:ted Bundi · to b1s kingclom of Mewar.. . ·(Bhandarkar•·s, ~ .. No. '166 ) Another ePigraph, dated v.s. 149&/1440 A.D. tound frO$ Ranakpur (Karwar).··. boasttu.Uy records ~.have captured 'Haraott·• t ·and ·made ··1 ts 'ruler his .~«manta. (Jbl.•; Vol• I, pp. 20-22) • · Nainsi also sta~ es. that after marrying his daughter with Laksbm.ana. son of 1\ana Ari. Si!i.gh,· Jiada :Cb.aulu~n Deva· 'SiBgb: ·b-eeae a

~~r;=-~· ~~:f J":~~· # ~/~?y ex?~/{'?)>\/ l/ See also Shymal Das, V.r-Vinod~ Vol.II, P• 106.

210

' ,., . ·~

'fhe t1rst Muslim invasion of .the terri tory ot Bund1

is recorded by Minha3·1 - Who'. states that Malik Nas1rud•D1n

At tmur held the terri tori·es of S1 walik1 -AJmer, Lawa; Kuili

·and---Sambhar, during-- the reigri ·o·f -Sultan Iltutmish• . SOme

tim·e·atter 625/1227-28 A.D., he ,proceeded against the

Hindus · ·ot .· aundi · tor- a.Jahad.l !he exPedition; however, :'·.

failed since the Malik was drowned in an attEmpt to, cross

the r1ver.2 : ' .Since ·the Hada Chauhans had not estabUshed themselves

at Bundi• .it ·seenis that the expedition wns direCted against

the Minas -who . th~ held the terri tory •3

~hare is another reference to an expedition against

Bund1 during the reign of Sultan N as1ruCI. ... J)1n Mahlnud. ·l ' •

Ba;Lban; while at his •fiqta of Nagaur in 1253, is said to

have proceeded to invade the territories ot Rant~ambhor, Bundi and. Ch1 ttor.4

fhe chronicler, however., stat~s that UJ..ugh Khan '

r~turned success tully to · his Igta of N agau.r, ·. attar . • • . ' . _'f) . . ..

def' eating Rao N ahar Deo of' Ran thambhor - and makes no ·ret erence ' '' f (

to his further operations. It is,thUs clear,that Balban did

1. Minhaj, ~.,.text, P• 237. 2. l.'QJJl., P• 237. The river reterred to, is .

OEViously Chambal which flo~s on tl1e eastern s-t·de or the· B1lnd1. · ·

3. sup:r a, p p. "208-109. I , ' '

4. §l.&pra, pp. -.123-124.

6. MinhaJ , Itli•, tax t, p. 299 •

.. 211

not proceed .$Star as Bund1 and Cbt-ttor,--and.he retUrned

only after an unsuccessful exped1 tion against the Chauhans

ot R$D.thaDlbhor •.

. The traditional. accounts r~ter to two Muslim 1nv.as1ons • ot the. Hadas .of Bun,di •.. :J:t is, s;~ated .that Rao Deva Singh

attended. the cour~ ot Sul. ten Sik~~s:r Lodi •.. This; b~wevert

is incorrect, as the dates of the Hada chief sugge$t that. he

must ha.v:e be~· a con te1;0 porary ot Sultan Muhammad TU.ghluq •1

. . . .

It is rurther. stated that Rao. Sam.ao Simha (la43-46)

41ect' fightin'g against Sultan Al.au.d-.DJ.n Khalji. at &mbavda.2

However, like . the earlier one, this statement too,, seems

to be a later fabrication, as Sultan A1a.ud-Din . ( 1296-1316)

ruled at least 27 years before Samar Simha.

·It. tnrq thus . be concluded that th.ere was probably ' 3

no encounter of any ot the Hacla successors of' Bundi w1 th

the SUltans ot J)elhil if any, these occurred only bec~se

they had to tight ~s feudatories of the Ran as of Mewar. 4

1. EVen 11' we accept the data of V .s. 1298/ 1241·42 A •. D. as g1 ven . by !mlu.lUJ.lttl\t~, Rao. Deva Singh's .contemporary a.t the throne of Delhi was Sultan Bahram Shah (1241~42).

'

a. ShJ'IIlal. Das, .xtr-VJ.nod,, Vol. II, p. 106.

For a Us't_ot"'_the. Hs.da Chaub.ans of Bundl, see separate table at P• _212. .

; . ···~- =---~- -- --- t

212

tAIL I GliB IQLO Gf OF .~Ill DI CHI JP:S

I. lao Deva st.asb Da4a 1

saaar S1flb.a8 v.s. 2398-1400

y S 11A.nft_1403 .. ·~ 3 . aao Rai'Pala

IV • Bao Haanll"& 4

v. Rao V1ra SS..ba8

u. Rao vas.r1aa1a6

VII. lao Bbaa Dto 7

VIII •. Rao R&raln Das8

v. s. 1406-1.487

v. s. 1446-1460

v. s. 1460-1470

v .s. 1470·1660

v.s. 1616-1860

.1. fla1na1 1 L&•t Vol. 1, P• 1061 YQB!Iabbamati' Vol. II t PP•. 1684-271 !o4t ltDBMit Vol. Ill t P• 1466.

a. 014• t Vol. Illt P• 1678-81.

a. lb14. •• Vol. lilt pp. '-714, 1727t. 178?. Pirbla supposea death J.n Olle or the ensasemm ta agalnat Stll tan .Alau4·D1n, ... '~"·

4. lil!BSU=•IS&•X'If'flh 01 ted 1ll MttBab1b m4 x.U1z~e4t.), A comp:reh•slv! ._storr of ~41a1 Vol. v, P• 834, tn. '•

s. vaalbh•&ar, Vol. 11It P• 1787.

e. tbt4.

? • Ra~asth~ DJ..atrlpt Qaae\~eer; Buadit P·• 36•

a. liUUhMkllt Vol. 111, PP• 80291 2066.

213

..... !be 4eso81ld&ntl of the Raabbabta1 house of Kaa~

•• sa14 to ba'fe establ1 she4 themaelvea •ounct Pall, iJt

llahart as a :result ot \be Muslla . ooeupat1oa ot tb81z. .U•••a1 ld.Da4oll8 ad m•v ohlots. inoluUns the to•4•»

Of tbe ))1'1n.olpal1\1 ot Marvar; Rae) 81~1, ~ue sat.ct to bave

·a.e4 t1sht1ns aaaLnat Uie tnopa oi D.elht.3

WbUe 1:bese state..-u ar• . bue4 on 'rad1 tt.cm,

subsequmt atns81•• batwee the Rathors ot Navar and· th•

su1 tens ot DeUd. ue reool14e4 1a Per11s1 a4 Ra3aatbei

sovo•• and •• oori'Oborated br .t.aaoaptlonth

1 t woUld, bovav_., be won& to •saeat that the vb.ole

, ot· the press t tEtl'ri toJIY ot Ha:rwe 11a1 boa tile to b ' . '

SUltanate. Qtd. te a.larae aUIIlber ot Snacr.t.pt.tcns totill4 most1.1

· 1D. plaoea like HaD Ilea, Sadr11 Pandukha, Mcclor anc1 Lldmt

1. !be naabvak\lta bouse ot Xanau~ wu to1mclecl soaeUae beto~•. v .,s •. U4B/l089-90 A· D. bJ' Qhm4ra4eva. . (tol' bls lllao:r1ptt.cea aee 11!1.•, Vol, llt PP• 302-oss .. l·~~if'- . 1949, PP• 31-37) .~e 41ftasty nlod oYer 1t111aul . u the· end of the. latb oetury •. De 1ast mo• nler ot tblt lJ.Ae was Harlshobaoa (1191) lmowa tnm Macbbli• lbabr (latm.P'U') pet (.Ll•t· Vol. X, PP• 93•lDO) • For 4etatU •• Roma N11081 t Hls to17 ot tbe ilbwi!Jll "Fild!,lt PP• · · ·

. a. lb14•t PPt 29-381 H.C.Rart ititl•l•t Vol.• It P• 5GJ J;P";~ii.patbl, Blstonr of Kaau~, PP• B93.Soo.

3•, See BithU (Pall) iDIOl'1Pt.iOA of V.s. la30/217S A•D•I laA•t Vol• XLt. P• 141·• ,

0

21~

1D41oa'h. that the no:rtb-eaatem parts ot proesct J'o4bpv

were tu111 part ot the De1h1 SUltaDate.1

However, moat of the southem and westem resiooa

appear to haw realne4 almost uaatteottd by MusUII

iDflu•••• as is •uasasted by the absaoe of. »abS.o an4

Pea-11m iaaonpttons. an4 to the ava11ab111W ot alar,_. . .

numtJ.,r ot looal. Nlera• 1U01'1Ptt.ona, usually referring to

tb.e SUl.tans in hostile teftll. lt maT be tru.e tbat some ot ' .

W.e a&Ulo:r oblets aett1e4 lD HU'wu re&lon even before tbG . tl'a41 tt.onal lliss-ats.on ·~ Rao 81ba31 an4 bla lleutenate. Du- moat ot bi.s l"eston• at least up to the flrat cieaade ot

the tbt.rt•ntb C:$tuQ' was 1D the possession of tbe

CbauhaQs aacl othel' Jtajput tnbea. S file lnSOI'iptt.ons ShOW'

that 110st ot the Matwar tewl tors.es were beAd by the

Cha.uball ob'leta ua.\11 the ear11 years ot the Bathol'

aett1ect lri tbat resl.OA• Thla llat :refute the stol'Y ot

215

!91:ata about Bao Slh~i' a exten4iDI ~~ halp to PaU act

Bh1mlel Bl'abmans an4 lllt.ima.tolr takins poaaeaaion of thete

te1"r1tor1ea in reward-.• 1 Rao _ S1ba31t l'lov•••r, only Partially

ncoee4ed in eatabliahins bla authori tv aro\ud the :regt.on

ot PaJJ.,· wbloh be bold ttll b1s 4oath 1n v.s.l218/1211 A•D•a

Bv tba close , ot 'he twlt~ cumturt, Chaublll

J:elbana an4 Ja:vata Siaha e~ •• bel4 the territories ot PaU

an4 Radolt at teudato:r1os of the ChaulUkyas ot OtJ.~arat. It

lees probable that tb.e CbaUhaDs bold Radol. at least up tQ

v.s. 1283/lS31 A.D. D• Obauban ablet ltaUu••a and bla

younser brother K1rt1pal.a toupt asatn.st Mub8UDBad of Ob.or . '

aJ.ons. W1 tb theif" over-lord Bbba II, neu !•r• v1lla&e . .

ln. tbe modem Slrobl.a

timlarly Jqa.ta S111ha,. tbe son and suooaaeOl' ot

Chauhan Kelhana vaoate4 bia posaessloaa ot PaU and ladol,

aa4 ~o1ae4 bands w.t th Panaara Dl'larava:rsha ot Abu qaiaat

~e 1.nvad1ng TUrkish to:rcea. Wldel' SUltan QUtbu4-m.n Aibatc:'

Both of them Wel'e deteaterl an4 probably alai& 111 tbe battle. 6 ' '

a. i•A• t Vol. XL, P• 141•

3. aundha bill inscriPtion, ••• .w., Vol. IX.,_ P• 7?. see also SUpra, PP• 87-88.

rrwt t • .• •• • , • • .. • •

-'• Riaaml, .I•K•• <teat, P• 4111 · .§.Upr:at PP•, 87~89 • . . .

~ ~~B. · DaetWatha· Sbaima, · I•G•R•t P• 140. t

216

Alain \vo irlaorlPUODa f~m Bamera1(Jo4b~) ad san4e,.ev~ belon&iDS to the rel&Q of Hallaraa seat& Slllha eel 4ate4

V•S• 1888/1202 A.D., testlfy to tbe Cba\lhan OOCftlpatlOD Of

tb••• terr1tor1ea.3

lt 1a theretoa-e, cU.tt1cUl.t, to 4•teNlne the .xao•. places JA Kil'Var ov• OVhicb Rao S11'la~1 b814 his ,,., • It

wu oDlt 1tll4el' b:La · nooe·sso.rs tbat Bathol's ••tabUahe4 ·

•••elfts f1Jml:y 1n tbls re81ou ·and oane4 out a compa.O\

aacl irulePaDdent .ld.nfJloa.. Ia tbe -11gbt ot the &\'atlabl•

e914ence1 lt •ar be satttlr· uauae4 tbat Iltaataab ele.a

tb8 'ttni ioJJ1et of J alor, R asaur •4 Maa4ozt1 4 fNa the

ba4a ot the looal CbaUhe. m4 Pui.has-a cblets an4 not

trom aao S1llaji Vbo i.s sa14 to have tou.ght a battle aaa.taat

bla ooateePGrarr SUltans 4o'tlt to SUltan Balbaa.

the earlleat tl"1.-41J' reteraoe to the SUl.'- II'OJA.

tba Mal'Yar J'ellon 1a found 1n Man.sl•a t.aaori pfd.oa8 ( · d

al»e&clV cd.tecl ) wbloh oonWatd a •et••oe to the nle of

AUabaaa4e\ta •• ·ot Oob1Dcta6 ot the· Ran~hor llae. 1\

1• Bhon4asar•s w.as, Nos. 444 •" 44?.

a. i,b14•• No. 446.

a. Daauatha Shal'lla, ltSh.IZ•t ''" 138-40. . .

4. ror ll~1m1ah's operat1ons agalnst. Mllftfal' prJaolpallts.oa, He i»RIIt, PP• 2Wlt.

a.- clt41.t .Vol.: J.vl,, P• .861 aee o1ao iHIAt PP•· 96-97.

6, SUrit lhl•i•t text, P• 841 ~· Ia.A•t 18?9, P• ~·

217

• bail* the Vlotoneua rd&r& of SUltan ll.tlttld.eh ot 1•&1!£! l••• Delhi. The Slaltan la also reoo»cte4 Sa tble

maol:lPtloa u the lol'Cl ot Gbor .ad Obaaa. th• ob~eot ot

tU &-.001'4 it tbe oonatluott.oa ot •'-P-v.U (Baoll) bJ' ••

Jatva Sbaba a t~Uc1ato17 chief of A11ahaal4..,•• lb• latter

ia aett.ca.S ill the Sasor1 Ptl.oa as the t C.Sbapatl • ot tb•

tort of Raathabbor. Al thou&h tbe 1ftsort ptton 18. ••••

baa aoh reJ.ev•o• to tb.o b1st.o17 ot tbe RantbiMhol' 11M

of 'b• C.haubaaa, it also iacU.oatea tbat BatJbors posalbl.Y

.;oyecl • iAASAlfloaAt •tatu• la Mahar tt.U at leut "'•

4ate of the illatd.PtiOll•

lhe Bathol' a•ttleJ'S 1a Marwu, 1 t te•lt 414 DO'

utabliab tb•sel.ve• fllill.J ovw the •••• ••81• ot the

Pl"tiiGt Harwu 4Uri.nc the tblrtwteth o•ta~T• that parta

ot itd.a •aSLoa .-e belcl by looll cblets notably the Chauban~t

la ee'tabll•becl troa the MaacliAa lDSOJ'lpts.on.1

Rao Althmt the saD aa4 auooeaor ot Rio 11ba31

:repo:rtecllr •. t-.4e4, bls pi"Saotpallty as tar •• Dec\ l.o. the

K.aleat 4la-.t.o\ aty deteatlns tbe Oa1ld.lae ad •••'" 148

troa itt. Bbll Cbltt.8 fradittoa.al. aooouata •tate tbat

Rao AlthtJl f.U f1gbttag qalllat a TU.r~sb ia'Vuion.8

a. Ralailt l.alt.t Vol. lit PP• 68-87.

a. lb&A·

218

turttorle• •••• to baYe oon'tlllued. by th• RatbOJ' obl.eta

u tbe fourteenth oeotury alao. Ral llnlbar, Rao Ba1Palt

1\ao Ku•Pala, Bbiraa, Bao Chhacla1 Bao tid&. -.4 B_,

llaUlaatha. •• tradi tioaa:ur aaonbecl to haft tou&b\

·asa1n•• ·the ne1sbbo\1rilla Paribaraa, Par•ara•• Bhatia;

8oali8J'a aa4 Deora Chaubans, S011Dkla aa4 even .Muel.la nl.ra

ot Sirltlh an4 Malva and. ~Jd ah toroaa.l

I

\1Dd• laO Cbtm4a ha4 ao' ODlJ' noo•s•fuUJ' l-ed at.a« the

attacks of the Mualia .rulert of Malva all4 OUjarat bUt

eYC OOAcblote4 operations acalast the !U.ablttq Govemor•

ID4 ooouPiel Kba\ut D14waa,. Slllbhar, R~ .a A311er.2

••••• ••• •