O1 15 Warne All in one and compact weather stations€¢ dimensions and layout of all in one systems...

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1

Desktop analysis of commercially available "All in One" and

"Compact"weatherstations-Howwellcanwedoit?

Jane Warne

Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia

[email protected]

Abstract

On the market there is a large range of automatic weather stations, ranging in price from tens of

dollars to tens of dollars and they often seem to offer the same functionality. Sorting through the

mountains of brochures and thousands of webpages can be a daunting task. Only to find you have

been comparing apples with oranges, and dodgem with F1 racing cars.

This paper attempts to sort some of the wood from the trees by providing common ground for

comparison and therefore the capacity to choose the right system for the right use. It also looks at

some of the ways it is possible to identify systems that will suit specific needs.

Introduction

The comparison of the quality and performance of commercial "All in One" and "Compact" or

"Standalone" weather stations was undertaken using publicly available information such as

manufacturers' brochures and webpages. The data was compiled into a spreadsheet to estimate the

uncertainty of the system and sensors.

The term "All in One" (AIO) weather stations relates to commercially available weather stations

which incorporate the majority of the measurement sensors into a single unit. Typically these

systems include a temperature screen with relative humidity and temperature sensor, pressure and

wind. Some also include presence of rain, rainfall amount or rate and solar radiation. They may also

allow the addition of sensors such as soil moisture and temperature. One unit on the market claims

to measure hail size and amount.

A "Compact" or "Standalone" weather station normally consists of interchangeable sensors mounted

on a tripod mast or pole. The interchangeable nature of the sensors makes the analysis of these

more difficult as the purchaser has the option to choose a variety of manufacturers for the same

sensor. As such this study has used the manufacturers nominated sensors for the assessment.

All the AWS are compared against the common standard, set by the WMO in Guide 8 (WMO CIMO,

2014) and Siting Classification for Surface Observing Stations on Land (WMO CIMO, 2008). A

summary of the criteria is given in Table 1.

A key consideration in this work is the differences between a manufacturers specification and the

criteria listed in the CIMO Guide No. 8. This will be discuss in more detail later in this paper however

for now, the analysis considers as part of the compliance of the sensor to the specifications of a

particular class, both the sensor specifications and the influence of the system design on the

measurement. This means consideration of the materials used, the relationship of sensors to each

other, structural elements such as size, and compliance with general siting guidelines.

The aim of this study is to see if it is possible to understand the likely performance of an instrument

of this nature in use just from using the basic information supplied in broachers and manuals. If not

what additional information is needed?

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Temper-

ature

Relative

Humidity Pressure Rainfall

Wind

speed

Wind

Direction

(°C or K) (%) (hPa) (%) (%) (Degrees)

Class 1 0.2 3 0.15 2 10 5

Class 2 0.5 5 0.3 5 30 10

Class 3 1 5 1 15 50 15

Class 4 2 10 1.5 25 50 22

Class 5 5 15 3 100 >50 >22

(°C or K) (%) (hPa) (mm) (m/s) (Degrees)

Range (Min) -80 0 500 0 0 0

Range (Max) 60 100 1080 500 75 360

Resolution 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1

Table 1 - The criteria used to assess "All in One" and "Compact" automatic weather stations. Based on WMO CIMO

Guide 8. (WMO CIMO, 2014), (WMO CIMO, 2008). Note the values highlighted in yellow are extrapolated from the data

in Guide but are not specifically listed in the above manner.

Methodology

Data Gathering

The information supplied by manufacturers varied significantly, both in nature and in depth. The

most common source of information was manufacturer's websites where brochures and manuals

are generally available. A list of these references can be found at the end of the paper. A series of

key pieces of information for each sensor and parameter was sought. These this included:-

• maximum and minimum operational temperature range

• maximum and minimum measurement temperature range

• resolution

• time constant

• drift per year

• temperature sensitivity coefficient

• uncertainty over a specified operational range

• threshold

• deadband

• materials of construction, particularly for screens

• dimensions and layout of all in one systems

Data Interpolation

Where information regarding any of these parameters was not available an estimate was made

based on other information supplied. As an example for many instruments detailed information

relating to temperature sensitivity or drift rates was not available, instead an estimate based on half

the uncertainty was used. A description of how these estimates were made for different parameters

is given in Table 1Table 2.

There are also a series of errors estimated particularly for rain and wind measurements to allow for

the varying heights and sizes of sensors. An error was allow for rain gauges with an opening that are

significantly smaller than 200 mm of the mean of loss for drops <0.01 and 0.5mm1 was included and

1 Error Due to Diameter of Rain Gauge Opening = ((187.92 * D^-0.819)+(676.55 * D^-0.975))/2 based on

empirical results where D is the diameter of the gauge opening.

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a correction to wind speed based on the height2 of the sensor. Similarly a correction to the wind

speed based on the height of the anemometer3.

Specification Parameter Method

Drift per Year All Half the best estimate of

uncertainty or the accuracy

provided

Temperature Sensitivity Humidity Sensors AIO < $2000 0.2 %RH/°C or

AIO > $2000 0.02 %RH/°C

based on the average for

similar instruments in that price

range

Threshold Wind Speed Half the best estimate of

uncertainty or the accuracy

provided

Time Constant Wind Speed Mechanical 2.6s

Sonic 0.5s


similar instruments.

Deadband Wind Direction Mechanical 4.6deg

Sonic 0.4deg


similar instruments

Table 2 The methods used to estimate parameters not supplied by manufacturers in their specification sheets.

Supplementary Information

In addition to the specifications about each sensor and the basic infrastructure other information

was gathered relating to the quality of manufacture, traceability and the flexibility of the systems.

Some of the things considered here are the completeness of the information supplied, this can

indicate the professionalism of the manufacturer, particularly when combined with a long

operational history and in the presence of a quality system. An indicator of the quality and scientific

robustness of the products can be a solid traceability chain, in-house maintenance and calibration.

This sort of information has also been included to try and help distinguish between the various

suppliers.

Rating Criterion

The rating criterion is designed to provide comparability of the functionality and long-term utility 4 of

the weather station as well as the siting considerations in accordance with (WMO CIMO, 2008).

2 Error Due to Elevation of the Rain Gauge = (0.6972 * H^2 – 6.239 * H + 2.8648) where H is the height of gauge

opening above ground. 3 Error Due to Elevation of the Anemometer = (1-(H/10)^0.142) where H is the height of the sensor above

ground. 4 Infrastructure components such as masts, electronics boxes etc have not been assessed for their capacity to

cope with severe weather and are not considered as part of this study. Similarly the usability, robustness and

flexibility of electronics and computer software has not been assessed.

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There are 10 criteria that have been considered, which can be analysed individually or summarised

into this single measure. These criteria include the following factors found in.

Functional Criterion Explanation Rating

Range Sum of compliance to required operational

ranges for all parameters

0 to 5

Performance How well overall do the sensors conform to

specification?

The uncertainty is ratio against the specification

for the parameter

0 to 10

Drift Sum of the ratio of the each parameters drift to

the specification

0 to 5

Quality Criterion Explanation Rating

Traceability What is the measurement quality?

Does the manufacturer have accreditation to

ISO17025 or similar, what type of quality system

do they run, how long they have been in

business and the level of documentation.

0 to 4

Manufacture Quality What is the quality of the manufactured

product?

This is estimated by looking at the quality

management system used, the completeness of

the documentation provided, and the warranty

period.

0 to 4.3

Modularity Can the sensors be adjusted and are they

interchangeable?

0 to 2

Testable Can the unit be tested or calibrated by the user? 0 to 3

Siting Criteria Explanation Rating

Sample Size How close is a temperature or humidity probe to

the screen wall?

The smaller the value the greater the heating

effect the screen has on the temperature sensor.

0 to 5

Screen Volume Ratio What is the volume of the screen compared to

its surface area?

This influences accuracy of the temperature is

measured. The larger the volume to surface area

ratio the less heating the sensor.

0 to 5

Heat source Are there any objects near the screen can act as

a heat source?

This is calculated from the thermal mass,

radiative and the thermal conductivity of the

materials of nearby features such as electronics

boxes, solar cells and mechanical infrastructure.

These are then normalised to a value between 0

and 5.

0 to 5

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Height Do the heights of the sensors comply with WMO

CIMO Guide 8?

Estimates of the impacts of changes in height are

made for wind and rainfall measurements, these

are then normalised to a value between 0 and 5.

0 to 5

Siting How well does the AWS comply to WMO CIMO

Guide 8?

This takes into account issues such as shading,

asymmetry and design that can affect flow,

interactions between sensors.

0 to 5

Table 3 Description of All in One and low-cost automatic weather station rating criteria

Results

Overall Results

Figure 1 to Figure 5 compare the overall performance of the manufacturer specifications against the

WMO siting classification specification. These combined the sensor performance with the estimated

impact of screen design, infrastructure, changes in sensor height etc. the AWS listed as BoM to

Vaisala AWS310* are all standalone AWS, which means they generally consist of a mast and separate

sensors. The rest of the units listed are all "All in One" AWS which contain all the sensing

components in a single unit. While generally cheaper and lighter weight, they suffer from not being

able to install the sensors in a manner that they do not interfere with each other.

Figure 1 Overall Performance for both Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations against WMO Class I

specifications for siting.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Specification

BoM

Campbell Scientific GRWS100

Campbell Scientific Met200

Campbell Scientific ET107

HoBo U30-NRC

MEA Premium

Meisei Poteka Compact

Vaisala AWS310

Vaisala AWS310*

Climatronics AIO

Davis 6163AU-IP*

Davis 6250AU

Environdata Weather Master 3000

Gill GMX700

Lufft WS503

Lufft WS600

Lufft WS601

Magellan Fixed Base

Magellan Vehicle

Rainwise Hazmat

Rainwise MkIII

Rainwise Prolog

WeatherHawk 620

WeatherHawk 922 Signature

Vaisala WXT520

Vaisala WXT530

Understory

Netatmon

Range

Performance

Drift

Traceability

Manufacture Quality

Modularity

Testable by RIC

Passive (2) / Active (0)

All in One (0) / Compact (2)

Sample Size

Heat Source Free

Siting

Height

Screen Volume Ratio

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6

Figure 2 Overall Performance for both Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations against WMO Class II


Figure 3 Overall Performance for both Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations against WMO Class III


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Specification

BoM




HoBo U30-NRC

MEA Premium


Vaisala AWS310

Vaisala AWS310*

Climatronics AIO

Davis 6163AU-IP*

Davis 6250AU


Gill GMX700

Lufft WS503

Lufft WS600

Lufft WS601

Magellan Fixed Base

Magellan Vehicle

Rainwise Hazmat

Rainwise MkIII

Rainwise Prolog

WeatherHawk 620


Vaisala WXT520

Vaisala WXT530

Understory

Netatmon

Range

Performance

Drift

Traceability

Manufacture Quality

Modularity

Testable by RIC



Sample Size

Heat Source Free

Siting

Height

Screen Volume Ratio

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Specification

BoM




HoBo U30-NRC

MEA Premium


Vaisala AWS310

Vaisala AWS310*

Climatronics AIO

Davis 6163AU-IP*

Davis 6250AU


Gill GMX700

Lufft WS503

Lufft WS600

Lufft WS601

Magellan Fixed Base

Magellan Vehicle

Rainwise Hazmat

Rainwise MkIII

Rainwise Prolog

WeatherHawk 620


Vaisala WXT520

Vaisala WXT530

Understory

Netatmon

Range

Performance

Drift

Traceability

Manufacture Quality

Modularity

Testable by RIC



Sample Size

Heat Source Free

Siting

Height

Screen Volume Ratio

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7

Figure 4 Overall Performance for both Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations against WMO Class IV


Figure 5 Overall Performance for both Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations against WMO Class V


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Specification

BoM




HoBo U30-NRC

MEA Premium


Vaisala AWS310

Vaisala AWS310*

Climatronics AIO

Davis 6163AU-IP*

Davis 6250AU


Gill GMX700

Lufft WS503

Lufft WS600

Lufft WS601

Magellan Fixed Base

Magellan Vehicle

Rainwise Hazmat

Rainwise MkIII

Rainwise Prolog

WeatherHawk 620


Vaisala WXT520

Vaisala WXT530

Understory

Netatmon

Range

Performance

Drift

Traceability

Manufacture Quality

Modularity

Testable by RIC



Sample Size

Heat Source Free

Siting

Height

Screen Volume Ratio

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Specification

BoM




HoBo U30-NRC

MEA Premium


Vaisala AWS310

Vaisala AWS310*

Climatronics AIO

Davis 6163AU-IP*

Davis 6250AU


Gill GMX700

Lufft WS503

Lufft WS600

Lufft WS601

Magellan Fixed Base

Magellan Vehicle

Rainwise Hazmat

Rainwise MkIII

Rainwise Prolog

WeatherHawk 620


Vaisala WXT520

Vaisala WXT530

Understory

Netatmon

Range

Performance

Drift

Traceability

Manufacture Quality

Modularity

Testable by RIC



Sample Size

Heat Source Free

Siting

Height

Screen Volume Ratio

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8

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

Win

d S

pe

ed

(m

/s)

W Speed Best Unceratinty (Est) W Speed Measurement performance;

(Resolution + Accuracy + 1 year drift)

W Speed Measurement performance;

(Resolution + Accuracy + 1 year drift + Siting)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Air

Te

mp

era

ture

Un

cert

ain

ty (

C)

T Best Unceratinty (°C) @ 20 °C for [-20 to 50 °C] or unspecified T Measurement performance;


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Air

Te

mp

era

ture

Un

cert

ain

ty (

C)

T Best Unceratinty (°C) @ 20 °C for [-20 to 50 °C] or unspecified T Measurement performance;


0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Win

d S

pe

ed

(m

/s)

W Speed Best Unceratinty (Est) W Speed Measurement performance;


W Speed Measurement performance;

(Resolution + Accuracy + 1 year drift + Siting)

Figure 6 Side-by-side comparison of the temperature performance specifications for WMO Class I (left) and Class V

(right) Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations

Figure 7 Side-by-side comparison of the wind speed performance specifications for WMO Class I (left) and Class V (right)

Standalone and All in One Automatic Weather stations

These figures demonstrate that as the Class of station decreases in quality, as considerations of

siting dominate the uncertainty of the measurement. The most important of these considerations is

the height of the sensor. In the case of All in Ones this makes their ability to meet specification more

difficult. As can be seen in Figure 7 only the standalone AWS (i.e. BoM, Vaisala AWS310) that have

masts the can raise the wind sensor to a height of 10 m meet the Class I specification.

Figure 1 to Figure 5 show that the Standalone AWS tend to outperform the All in One systems.

Discussion

Availability of Information

As has already been mentioned not all specification sheets had the information required to do a full

analysis. As an example manufacturers only provided for time constant information for 22%

temperature, 7% humidity and 5% pressure of equipment. Similarly they only provided information

on annual drift for 6% of temperature, 15% of humidity and 9% of pressure equipment. These are

very simple and basic pieces of information that are needed to make a sound decision regarding the

appropriateness for use of the equipment.

Clarity of Information

Another issue that was encountered was the lack of detail relating to the overall accuracy or

uncertainty figure provided for equipment. Often a single number without any clarity as to the

meaning of the number was supplied. Was it the accuracy of the sensing element, the sensor

package or a time averaged value? Sometimes with experience it may be possible to judge (or guess)

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9

that the figure quoted was for the sensing element without any consideration for its housing

electronics etc. On rare occasions the manufacturer noted on the specification sheet information

such as 1/3 DIN sensor. While this is important to know, it is not telling the buyer the most

important piece of information which is, what sort of uncertainty they can expect in operation.

Unfortunately many people purchasing these devices assume that the numbers written in black and

white are the performance they will get in the field. Even those who supplied time constants

typically supplied the time constant of the element not of the complete sensing package. Once again

this can be misleading particularly for less experienced users, which are the markets where these

instruments are most commonly sold. It can also be misleading when it comes to understanding

accuracy of these systems, while I may provide a time averaged result over a day that is consistent

with a National Metrological Service, the moment to moment variability can because of the short

time constants be of the order of degrees. Finding information to confirm this has proved difficult.

Screen size

A key consideration in examining these low-cost All in One Systems is the size of the screen. The

smaller the volume to surface area ratio the greater the heating effect on the sensor, likewise small

the screen overall the greater the effect on temperature (Warne, 1998). By nature these screens are

all small and as a result will tend to bias warm. This is a critical consideration for metrological

organisations who are considering using the systems within their networks.

Figure 8 plot of the volume of the screen, and the volume to service area ratio of the screens as a measure of the

representativeness of the atmosphere.

Maintaining the Quality

A further key consideration is how easy it is to maintain the quality of the equipment once you have

the equipment installed. A measure of this is shown in Figure 9 which gives a combined measure of

all the previously considered criteria related to performance, quality and siting and the number of

visits required to maintain all the parameters within specification over a 10 year period. There are a

couple of systems that clearly struggle, one in particular which continually drifts out of specification

0.0000

0.0100

0.0200

0.0300

0.0400

0.0500

0.0600

0.0700

Vo

lum

e o

r V

olu

me

to

Su

rfa

ce A

rea

Ra

tio Volume (m3) Volume to Surface Area Ratio (m)

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10

and theoretically requires 100 visits per year to maintain a Class I standard. Typically most of the All

in One Systems required two visits per year. This drops to under one visit per year against a Class III

specification.

Figure 9 Plot the overall quality of the equipment including functional, quality and siting criteria versus the number of

maintenance visits that would be required in a 10 year period to maintain the equipment at the desired Class I level.

Armed

Conclusions

Analysis of this type of data can derive an enormous amount of information in a relative context. It is

possible to determine information about the quality of the supplier, their capability, their openness,

sophistication of their knowledge. It is often difficult however to glean information about

fundamental pieces of information such as what is actually specified.

Currently manufacturers who are providing more reliable information are being penalised, as their

equipment can appear to be of a lower quality. Instead the WMO community should encourage

suppliers to provide consistent information that is comparable between manufacturers. This will in

the long run benefit both manufacturing community and the user community.

Identification of independent and reliable testing of this equipment is difficult. There are a number

of tests that have been carried out by individual countries, but comparing this data is difficult

without knowing how without having similar experimental processes. The use of these lower cost

AWS is becoming more and more common, confirmation of these results with further testing would

be beneficial.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

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20

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11

1 ReferencesCambell Scientific, 2016. Campbell Scientific GRWS100. [Online]

Available at: https://www.campbellsci.com.au/

[Accessed 12 07 2016].

Campbell Scientific, 2016. Campbell Scientific Met200. [Online]

Available at: Campbell Scientific GRWS100

[Accessed 12 09 2016].

Climatronics, 2016. Climatronics AIO. [Online]

Available at:

http://www.climatronics.com/pdf_pn/Systems/102780%20AIO%20Weather%20Sensor.pdf

[Accessed 05 05 2016].

Davis, 2016. Davis AWS. [Online]

Available at: http://www.davisinstruments.com.au/#!stations/

[Accessed 05 05 2016].

Environdata, 2016. Environdata Weather Master 3000. [Online]

Available at: http://www.environdata.com.au/weather-stations-and-software/weathermaster-3000

[Accessed 05 05 2016].

Gill, 2016. Gill Instruments. [Online]

Available at: http://gillinstruments.com/products/anemometer/maximet-compact-weather-

stations.html

[Accessed 05 05 2016].

HoBo, 2016. HoBo U30-NRC. [Online]

Available at: http://www.onsetcomp.com/products/data-loggers/U30-data-loggers

[Accessed 20 05 2016].

Lufft, 2016. Lufft Sensors. [Online]

Available at: http://www.lufft.com/en/products/

[Accessed 11 07 2016].

MEA, 2016. MEA Premium. [Online]

Available at: http://mea.com.au/about-us

[Accessed 12 09 2016].

Meisei Poteka, 2016. Meisei Poteka Compact. [Online]

Available at:

http://www.meisei.co.jp/english/products/meteo/advanced_observation_system_po.html

[Accessed 05 05 2016].

R. E. DeVor, T. -. H. C. a. J. S., 1992. Statistical Quality Design and Control - Contemporary Concepts

and Methods. 1st ed. New York: Macmillian Publishing Company.

Vaisala, 2016. Vaisala AWS310*. [Online]

Available at: http://www.vaisala.com/en/products/automaticweatherstations/Pages/AWS310.aspx

[Accessed 15 09 2016].

Warne, J., 1998. ITR 649 A preliminary investigation of temperature screen design and their impacts

on temperature measurements, Melbourne Australia: Bureau of Meteorology.

WMO CIMO, 2008. Siting Classification for Surface Observing Stations on Land. [Online]

Available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/SitingClassif/SitingClassif.html

[Accessed 09 09 2016].

WMO CIMO, 2014. GuieGuide No. 8. [Online]

Available at: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-

Guide/Provisional2014Edition.html

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[Accessed 09 09 2016].

[email protected]

13

2 AppendixA

2.1 Class 1

Make and Model Te

mp

era

ture

- S

pe

c -

5 (

°C)

Re

lati

ve H

um

idit

y -

Sp

ec

- 1

5 (

%R

H)

Pre

ssu

re -

Sp

ec

- 3

(h

Pa

)

Ra

in -

Sp

ec

- 1

00

(%

)

Win

d S

pe

ed

- S

pe

c -

60

(%

)

Win

d D

ire

ctio

n -

Sp

ec

- 2

5 (

° )

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

He

at

So

urc

e

Scr

ee

n C

on

stru

ctio

n a

nd

Siz

e

He

igh

t

Sit

ing

Specification 5.00 15.00 3.00 100.00 60.00 25.00 -1.79 0.00 0.28 0.89 0.00

C Sci GRWS100 0.24 2.15 1.01 6.01 15.75 4.19 7.10 0.00 1.18 2.44 0.60

C Sci Met200 1.01 2.52 0.62 6.01 15.73 6.13 6.19 0.00 1.35 2.08 0.60

HoBo U30-NRC 0.22 3.03 -3.16 9.17 16.35 6.21 5.92 0.00 2.00 2.75 1.20

MEA Premium 0.46 1.47 0.62 3.38 16.07 4.19 7.76 -2.64 1.10 1.71 1.60

Vaisala AWS310 0.24 2.25 0.24 5.14 0.21 4.94 9.14 0.00 0.31 1.74 0.40

Meisei Poteka 0.35 5.62 0.79 5.47 5.59 11.46 6.18 0.00 -3.18 1.84 2.20

Climatronics AIO 0.24 3.55 0.40 5.59 6.02 7.43 -3.86 1.97 2.88 1.90

Davis 6152 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.18 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6162 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.18 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6163 Series 1.05 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.68 0.00 0.41 2.96 3.00

Davis 6250 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 10.25 16.69 4.19 5.01 -4.48 -2.43 2.96 -3.40

En'data Wx 3000 0.24 2.32 9.61 16.76 3.37 7.90 -5.00 1.29 -3.04 2.60

Gill GMX700 0.35 2.52 0.57 2.84 5.59 6.13 7.53 -2.76 1.74 2.46 1.80

Lufft WS503 0.24 2.32 0.57 5.59 4.19 8.02 -2.05 1.39 2.88 1.80

Lufft WS600 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.61 5.59 4.19 8.01 -2.06 1.39 2.96 1.80

Lufft WS601 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.31 3.36 4.19 8.18 0.00 1.39 2.96 1.65

Magellan Fixed 0.24 3.55 0.40 2.59 5.68 6.02 7.86 -2.64 -2.98 2.41 1.80

Magellan Vehicle 0.24 3.55 0.40 5.68 6.02 7.43 -2.42 -2.71 2.91 1.90

Rainwise Hazmat 1.04 2.52 1.95 14.74 4.19 5.09 -2.15 1.75 2.76 1.65

Rainwise MkIII 0.24 2.37 1.50 9.62 15.63 4.19 6.72 -3.13 1.75 2.91 -3.40

Rainwise Prolog 1.15 2.45 0.57 9.62 14.77 4.19 6.35 -3.09 1.75 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 620 0.24 2.32 0.57 15.31 3.36 4.19 7.85 -3.87 -2.80 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 922 Sig 0.61 3.58 -16.80 12.45 15.60 6.75 4.94 -3.68 -5.00 2.91 -3.60

Vaisala WXT520 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 7.26 -2.42 1.93 2.93 1.80

Vaisala WXT530 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 7.26 -2.38 1.93 2.93 1.80

[email protected]

14

2.2 Class 2

Make and Model Te

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Specification 0.50 5.00 0.30 5.00 30.00 10.00 10.31 0.00 0.28 0.89 0.00

C Sci GRWS100 0.24 2.49 -1.01 -6.01 15.75 4.19 8.28 0.00 1.18 2.44 0.60

C Sci Met200 -1.01 2.82 -0.62 -6.01 15.73 6.13 5.96 0.00 1.35 2.08 0.60

HoBo U30-NRC 0.22 3.28 -3.16 -9.17 16.35 6.21 6.69 0.00 2.00 2.75 1.20

MEA Premium 0.46 1.94 -0.62 3.38 16.07 4.19 8.87 -2.64 1.10 1.71 1.60

Vaisala AWS310 0.24 2.58 0.24 -5.14 0.21 4.94 11.65 0.00 0.31 1.74 0.40

Meisei Poteka 0.35 -5.76 -0.79 -5.47 5.59 -11.46 6.41 0.00 -3.18 1.84 2.20

Climatronics AIO 0.24 3.77 -0.40 0.00 5.59 6.02 7.55 -3.86 1.97 2.88 1.90

Davis 6152 Series -2.27 4.74 -1.12 -9.62 16.69 4.19 4.84 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6162 Series -2.27 4.74 -1.12 -9.62 16.69 4.19 4.84 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6163 Series -1.05 4.74 -1.12 -9.62 16.69 4.19 5.13 0.00 0.41 2.96 3.00

Davis 6250 Series -2.27 4.74 -1.12 -10.25 16.69 4.19 4.80 -4.48 -2.43 2.96 -3.40

En'data Wx 3000 0.24 2.64 0.00 -9.61 16.76 3.37 7.80 -5.00 1.29 -3.04 2.60

Gill GMX700 0.35 2.82 -0.57 2.84 5.59 6.13 9.24 -2.76 1.74 2.46 1.80

Lufft WS503 0.24 2.64 -0.57 0.00 5.59 4.19 8.40 -2.05 1.39 2.88 1.80

Lufft WS600 0.24 2.64 -0.57 -9.61 5.59 4.19 9.07 -2.06 1.39 2.96 1.80

Lufft WS601 0.24 2.64 -0.57 -9.31 3.36 4.19 10.09 0.00 1.39 2.96 1.65

Magellan Fixed 0.24 3.77 -0.40 2.59 5.68 6.02 10.02 -2.64 -2.98 2.41 1.80

Magellan Vehicle 0.24 3.77 -0.40 5.68 6.02 7.52 -2.42 -2.71 2.91 1.90

Rainwise Hazmat -1.04 2.82 -1.95 14.74 4.19 5.05 -2.15 1.75 2.76 1.65

Rainwise MkIII 0.24 2.69 -1.50 -9.62 15.63 4.19 7.60 -3.13 1.75 2.91 -3.40

Rainwise Prolog -1.15 2.45 -0.57 -9.62 14.77 4.19 6.48 -3.09 1.75 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 620 0.24 2.64 -0.57 -15.31 3.36 4.19 9.82 -3.87 -2.80 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 922 Sig -0.61 3.80 -16.80 -12.45 15.60 6.75 4.53 -3.68 -5.00 2.91 -3.60

Vaisala WXT520 0.35 3.64 -0.57 -11.13 3.36 4.19 8.79 -2.42 1.93 2.93 1.80

Vaisala WXT530 0.35 3.64 -0.57 -11.13 3.36 4.19 8.79 -2.38 1.93 2.93 1.80

[email protected]

15

2.3 Class 3

Make and Model Te

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°C)

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Specification 1.00 5.00 1.00 15.00 50.00 15.00 5.32 0.00 0.28 0.89 0.00

C Sci GRWS100 0.24 2.15 -1.01 6.01 15.75 4.19 8.22 0.00 1.18 2.44 0.60

C Sci Met200 -1.01 2.52 0.62 6.01 15.73 6.13 5.99 0.00 1.35 2.08 0.60

HoBo U30-NRC 0.22 3.03 -3.16 9.17 16.35 6.21 6.48 0.00 2.00 2.75 1.20

MEA Premium 0.46 1.47 0.62 3.38 16.07 4.19 9.16 -2.64 1.10 1.71 1.60

Vaisala AWS310 0.24 2.25 0.24 5.14 0.21 4.94 12.14 0.00 0.31 1.74 0.40

Meisei Poteka 0.35 -5.62 0.79 5.47 5.59 11.46 6.45 0.00 -3.18 1.84 2.20

Climatronics AIO 0.24 3.55 0.40 0.00 5.59 6.02 7.74 -3.86 1.97 2.88 1.90

Davis 6152 Series -2.27 3.54 -1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.01 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6162 Series -2.27 3.54 -1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.01 0.00 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6163 Series -1.05 3.54 -1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.30 0.00 0.41 2.96 3.00

Davis 6250 Series -2.27 3.54 -1.12 10.25 16.69 4.19 4.97 -4.48 -2.43 2.96 -3.40

En'data Wx 3000 0.24 2.32 0.00 9.61 16.76 3.37 7.55 -5.00 1.29 -3.04 2.60

Gill GMX700 0.35 2.52 0.57 2.84 5.59 6.13 9.29 -2.76 1.74 2.46 1.80

Lufft WS503 0.24 2.32 0.57 0.00 5.59 4.19 8.46 -2.05 1.39 2.88 1.80

Lufft WS600 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.61 5.59 4.19 9.14 -2.06 1.39 2.96 1.80

Lufft WS601 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.31 3.36 4.19 10.16 0.00 1.39 2.96 1.65

Magellan Fixed 0.24 3.55 0.40 2.59 5.68 6.02 10.22 -2.64 -2.98 2.41 1.80


Rainwise Hazmat -1.04 2.52 -1.95 14.74 4.19 4.88 -2.15 1.75 2.76 1.65

Rainwise MkIII 0.24 2.37 -1.50 9.62 15.63 4.19 7.47 -3.13 1.75 2.91 -3.40

Rainwise Prolog -1.15 2.45 0.57 9.62 14.77 4.19 6.32 -3.09 1.75 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 620 0.24 2.32 0.57 -15.31 3.36 4.19 9.88 -3.87 -2.80 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 922 Sig 0.61 3.58 -16.80 12.45 15.60 6.75 4.29 -3.68 -5.00 2.91 -3.60

Vaisala WXT520 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 8.85 -2.42 1.93 2.93 1.80

Vaisala WXT530 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 8.85 -2.38 1.93 2.93 1.80

[email protected]

16

2.4 Class 4

Make and Model Te

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Specification 2.00 10.00 1.50 25.00 50.00 22.00 -2.21 0.00 0.28 0.89 0.00

C Sci GRWS100 0.24 2.15 1.01 6.01 15.75 4.19 6.17 0.01 1.18 2.44 0.60

C Sci Met200 1.01 2.52 0.62 6.01 15.73 6.13 4.59 0.01 1.35 2.08 0.60

HoBo U30-NRC 0.22 3.03 -3.16 9.17 16.35 6.21 4.88 0.52 2.00 2.75 1.20

MEA Premium 0.46 1.47 0.62 3.38 16.07 4.19 6.49 -2.64 1.10 1.71 1.60

Vaisala AWS310 0.24 2.25 0.24 5.14 0.21 4.94 8.41 0.02 0.31 1.74 0.40

Meisei Poteka 0.35 5.62 0.79 5.47 5.59 11.46 4.80 0.03 -3.18 1.84 2.20


Davis 6152 Series -2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 3.83 1.07 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6162 Series -2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 3.83 1.07 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6163 Series 1.05 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 4.07 1.08 0.41 2.96 3.00

Davis 6250 Series -2.27 3.54 1.12 10.25 16.69 4.19 3.60 -4.48 -2.43 2.96 -3.40

En'data Wx 3000 0.24 2.32 9.61 16.76 3.37 6.79 -5.00 1.29 -3.04 2.60

Gill GMX700 0.35 2.52 0.57 2.84 5.59 6.13 7.08 -2.76 1.74 2.46 1.80

Lufft WS503 0.24 2.32 0.57 5.59 4.19 7.40 -2.05 1.39 2.88 1.80

Lufft WS600 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.61 5.59 4.19 6.88 -2.06 1.39 2.96 1.80

Lufft WS601 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.31 3.36 4.19 7.05 1.88 1.39 2.96 1.65

Magellan Fixed 0.24 3.55 0.40 2.59 5.68 6.02 7.56 -2.64 -2.98 2.41 1.80


Rainwise Hazmat 1.04 2.52 -1.95 14.74 4.19 4.20 -2.15 1.75 2.76 1.65

Rainwise MkIII 0.24 2.37 1.50 9.62 15.63 4.19 5.66 -3.13 1.75 2.91 -3.40

Rainwise Prolog 1.15 2.45 0.57 9.62 14.77 4.19 4.90 -3.09 1.75 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 620 0.24 2.32 0.57 15.31 3.36 4.19 6.69 -3.87 -2.80 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 922 Sig 0.61 3.58 -16.80 12.45 15.60 6.75 3.36 -3.68 -5.00 2.91 -3.60

Vaisala WXT520 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 6.06 -2.42 1.93 2.93 1.80

Vaisala WXT530 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 6.06 -2.38 1.93 2.93 1.80

[email protected]

17

2.5 Class 5

Make and Model Te

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°C)

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(h

Pa

)

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- 1

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(%

)

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c -

60

(%

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- 2

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° )

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Specification 5.00 15.00 3.00 100.00 60.00 25.00 -1.79 0.00 0.28 0.89 0.00

C Sci GRWS100 0.24 2.15 1.01 6.01 15.75 4.19 7.10 0.01 1.18 2.44 0.60

C Sci Met200 1.01 2.52 0.62 6.01 15.73 6.13 6.19 0.01 1.35 2.08 0.60

HoBo U30-NRC 0.22 3.03 -3.16 9.17 16.35 6.21 5.92 0.52 2.00 2.75 1.20

MEA Premium 0.46 1.47 0.62 3.38 16.07 4.19 7.76 -2.64 1.10 1.71 1.60

Vaisala AWS310 0.24 2.25 0.24 5.14 0.21 4.94 9.14 0.02 0.31 1.74 0.40

Meisei Poteka 0.35 5.62 0.79 5.47 5.59 11.46 6.18 0.03 -3.18 1.84 2.20


Davis 6152 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.18 1.07 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6162 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.18 1.07 1.04 2.96 3.00

Davis 6163 Series 1.05 3.54 1.12 9.62 16.69 4.19 5.68 1.08 0.41 2.96 3.00

Davis 6250 Series 2.27 3.54 1.12 10.25 16.69 4.19 5.01 -4.48 -2.43 2.96 -3.40

En'data Wx 3000 0.24 2.32 9.61 16.76 3.37 7.90 -5.00 1.29 -3.04 2.60

Gill GMX700 0.35 2.52 0.57 2.84 5.59 6.13 7.53 -2.76 1.74 2.46 1.80

Lufft WS503 0.24 2.32 0.57 5.59 4.19 8.02 -2.05 1.39 2.88 1.80

Lufft WS600 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.61 5.59 4.19 8.01 -2.06 1.39 2.96 1.80

Lufft WS601 0.24 2.32 0.57 9.31 3.36 4.19 8.18 1.88 1.39 2.96 1.65

Magellan Fixed 0.24 3.55 0.40 2.59 5.68 6.02 7.86 -2.64 -2.98 2.41 1.80


Rainwise Hazmat 1.04 2.52 1.95 14.74 4.19 5.09 -2.15 1.75 2.76 1.65

Rainwise MkIII 0.24 2.37 1.50 9.62 15.63 4.19 6.72 -3.13 1.75 2.91 -3.40

Rainwise Prolog 1.15 2.45 0.57 9.62 14.77 4.19 6.35 -3.09 1.75 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 620 0.24 2.32 0.57 15.31 3.36 4.19 7.85 -3.87 -2.80 2.91 -3.20

WxHawk 922 Sig 0.61 3.58 -16.80 12.45 15.60 6.75 4.94 -3.68 -5.00 2.91 -3.60

Vaisala WXT520 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 7.26 -2.42 1.93 2.93 1.80

Vaisala WXT530 0.35 3.41 0.57 11.13 3.36 4.19 7.26 -2.38 1.93 2.93 1.80

[email protected]

18

[email protected]

19

3 AppendixB

3.1 Class 1- Compact AWS

3.2 Class 1 - All in One AWS

3.3 Class 2 - Compact AWS


[email protected]

20



[email protected]

21



[email protected]

22


[email protected]

23

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Temperature - Spec - 5 (°C)

Relative Humidity - Spec - 15 (%RH)

Pressure - Spec - 3 (hPa)

Rain - Spec - 100 (%)

Wind Speed - Spec - 60 (%)

Wind Direction - Spec - 25 ( ° )

Performance

Heat Source

Screen Construction and Size

Height

Siting


-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting


-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

MEA Premium

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting


-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Vaisala AWS310

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

HoBo U30-NRC

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Specification

[email protected]

24


[email protected]

25

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Climatronics AIO

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Davis 6162 Series

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Environdata Wx Master 3000

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Davis 6163 Series

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Davis 6152 Series

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Gill GMX700

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Lufft WS503

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Davis 6250 Series

[email protected]

26

Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Lufft WS600

Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Rainwise Hazmat

[email protected]

27

http://weatherstationexpert.com/

https://ambientweather.wikispaces.com/Weather+Station+Comparison+Guide

https://www.shopbot.com.au/weather-station/gadgets/australia/6146

http://weatherstationexpert.com/

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting


-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Vaisala WXT520

-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00




Rain - Spec - 100 (%)



Performance

Heat Source


Height

Siting

Vaisala WXT530

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