OA Gold Notes

8/7/2019 OA Gold Notes

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SINGAPORE RED CROSSRED CROSS YOUTH

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES NOTESGOLD

UTDOOR

I

I

IH e a l t h y L i f e s t y l e

F o c u s C o m m i t t e e

Name: ______________________________

School: _____________________________


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RED CROSS YOUTH HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOCUS COMMITTEE(HLFC)

Outdoor Activities (Gold) Notes 1

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOCUS COMMITTEE (HLFC)OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES SYLLABUS BREAKDOWN

DURATION

MODULE LESSON DESCRIPTIONWithinnormaltraining

hrs (Min)

Outsidenormaltraining

hrs (Min)

REMARKS

1

Outdoor Cooking 31.1 Introduction / Equipment to be used1.2 Cooking simple meals using

(i) Camp Stove(ii) Twigs, Leaves and Dry Grass(iii) Charcoal or Firewood

150

2

Making of Gadgets2.1 Introduction to different

improvised structures

2.2 Making of Flag Poles, Tables,Shoe Racks2.3 Figure of 8 Lashing for Tripods2.4 Making of Gadgets for Field Toilet,

Kitchen and Laundry Area

240

3

Improvised Tent Pitching3.1 Introduction to Improvised Tent

Pitching3.2 Parts of an Improvised Tent3.3 Pitching of Improvised Tent3.4 Cleanliness & Maintenance of

Improvised Tents

90

4Outdoor First Aid4.1 Introduction to Outdoor First Aid4.2 Common outdoor injuries / wounds

60

5Map Reading 35.1 Introduction5.2 Finding Directions without Compass

60

6

Campfire 26.1 Introduction6.2 Building a Campfire, it's layout and

preparations6.3 Preparing a Torch / Fire Ball

6.4 Campfire Leader (At Least 1.5 hours)

120

7

Leadership7.1 Group Leader in Outdoor Hikeor 7.2 Group Leader in Campfire

120

120

GOLD

OUTDOORACTIVITIES(ADVANCE)

SEC 3 / 4 / 5

Total 570 270 9.5 hrs / 4.5 hrsCriteria for Gold Badge To be awarded upon passing both theory, practical accreditation and overnight camp of at least aminimum of 3 Days 2 Nights, conducted by School or HQ.Upon passing, Cadets are allowed to assist in conducting Outdoor Activities lessons and Accreditation for Bronze and Silver.


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HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOCUS COMMITTEEOUTDOOR ACTIVITIES (GOLD) NOTES CONTENT PAGE

LESSON OUTLINE PAGES

LESSON 1 OUTDOOR COOKING 3 3 9

LESSON 2 MAKING OF GADGETS 10 13

LESSON 3 IMPROVISED TENT PITCHING 14 17

LESSON 4 OUTDOOR FIRST AID 18 24

LESSON 5 MAP READING 3 25 27

LESSON 6 CAMPFIRE 2 28 37

LESSON 7 LEADERSHIP 38 40

ADDITIONAL NOTES 41


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 1 (Outdoor Cooking 3)

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to:a. Cook a simple meal without using solid fuel and portable gas stoveb. Start a fire using dry leaves and firewoodc. Learn the different method of cooking their food in an outdoor environmentd. Light a fire without use if match stick or lighter

Methods of Instructiona. Demonstration by instructorsb. Trainees will try to cook their own meals using the various cooking method.

Equipment and Training Aidsa. Mess tins

b. Match sticks and lighter c. Magnifying glassd. Dry leaves and firewoode. Food for cooking

Safety Precautionsa. Choose the location carefully, keep away from flammable objects.b. Check the prevailing wind direction and avoid the smoke from blowing towards the tents.c. Avoid turfing whenever possible. Turfs must be removed and replaced neatly.d. Personal safety precautions include typing back long hair, rolling up loose sleeves and not to

wear frilly outfits and plastic or synthetic garments while starting or tending a fire.e. Always leave a pail of water within easy reach for safety measures.f. Never leave fire unattended, even temporarily.


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LESSON PLAN ON OUTDOOR COOKING

There are few methods if cooking your food in an outdoor environment.

BoilingCooking in boiling water requires a contasinert. Tin cansand metal boxes are ideal. Make a handle, hang them froma pot support or use pot tongs to take them on and off thefire. Puncture holes in pots can be repaired by hammeringin small plugs of wood when wet they expand and stopleaks. If no metal containers are available, a thick length of bamboo hold liquids well. Containers can also be madefrom birch bark but be careful that they do not boil dry.

RoastingRoasted meat cooks in its own fats. The easiest method isto skewer the meat on a spit and turn over the hot embersof a fire or beside a blazing where it is hot enough tocook. Continually turning the meat keeps the fat movingover the surface. Roast makes a very tasty dish but makesure it is thoroughly cook to kill harmful bacteria.

GrillingGrilling is a quick way of cooking large amounts of foodbut it requires a support such as a mesh wire rested onrocks over the embers of the fire. It should be only be usedwhen food is plentiful since it waste most of the fat fromthe meat. Hot rocks beside the fire can be used as grillingsurfaces or food skewered on sticks and held on the fire.

SteamingSteaming foes not overcook so preserves nutritional value of the food. It is am excellent way of cooking fish and green vegetables. Fresh youn g leaves take very little cooking. The foodstuff needs to be suspended in the steam from boiling water.


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OUTDOOR COOKING: HOW TO BUILD A FIRE

Back to Basics

Before you can learn anything about lighting a fire you must learn about the fire triangle. Itsthree sides represent air, heat and fuel. If any side is removed the triangle collapses and the firegoes out.

When lighting a fire, always ensure adequate ventilation, with enough fuel and a heart source toignite this fuel. To produce flame, the air and fuel must be maintained to ensure continuousreaction. The more oxygen is introduced, the brighter the fire: by using the wind, or forcing adraught, the fire is fanned to a high temperature and rapidly burns fuel. By reducing theventilation the fire burns less fiercely and embers are allowed to glow, needing less fuel.

If these principles are understood, smoky fires can be avoided. Smoke is the result of poor combustion with care, smoke can be virtually eliminated.

Location Situate your fire at least 10 feet away from tents, trees, roots and other flammable items. Use

a stove if available, clear a 2 by 2 square sod and carefully transfer the soil to another location.

Consider the wind, and attempt to find an area that is shielded from the strongest gusts.Consider also the possibility of rain, and see if theres a sheltered nook around. But becareful of flammable branches and tree trunks.

Gathering Fuel Gather firewood and kindling. As much as possible, use only fallen branches. You need three types of materials to build a fire: small stuff (tinder and kindling), medium

stuff (1.5 to 3 cm sticks), and large stuff (large chunks of wood).

Match - Heat

Air Sticks- Fuel


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Small stuff: Tinder is very lightweight and dry material that will burn quickly and ignite the heavier

materials. Examples of tinder are dry grass, leaves, paper, and thin tree bark. Kindling: A large supply of tinder and kindling is the foundation of good fire. Search around

the base of shrubs and trees for dead branches. Dont break any piece of wood off an uprighttree, it is bad for the tree and the wood wont burn well.

Medium stuff: 1.5 to 3 centimeters of diameter sticks: These will be used to build fire-establishing

structures. Search under large shrubs and trees for the medium stuff. The same guidelines for gathering kindling apply here: leave the upright trees alone. Break longer branches into six-or eight-inch pieces

Large stuff: Large chunks of wood: If youre in an established campsite, large chunks of wood will be

available for purchase. Aside from convenience of this option, it also conserves the limitedand highly used resources of established campsites. If youre far away from civilization andestablished campsites, look around for fallen trees, if you have an axe, spilt the wood intochucks about the size of your arm or little larger. Avoid any mushy wood this has rot andwont burn well.

Containing the fire If the wind is too strong, contain the fire by building a ring of rock or by placing big size

logs around the fire pit.

Set the Kindling

Build a small pile of tinder, including paper scraps, dry plant matter and other small,flammable items. This will be the heart campfire.

Using the tinder, build a small teepee around (pyramid of dry twigs and small sticks) aroundthe kindling pile. Gaps will form naturally as you place the twigs. Thats ok; youll bedropping a match through one of those gaps.

The dryer the small kindling you have the easier and better your fire will start. Be sure thatthere is plenty of air space in between each piece. Wood that is packed too tight will not burnproperly.


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Lighting the kindling Wait for the breeze to die down. If there is one. Shield the area from the wind with your

body if you have to. Assuming youve collected solid (not rot), dry materials. You should beable to light the fire with a single match.

Kneel down and strike a match. Shielding it from the wind, drop it through the gaps onto thetinder inside the teepee. Once the larger sticks are burning, gradually and gently place larger material on. To encourage a struggling a fire, kneel down beside it. Inhale deeply, and blowgently and steadily along the ground and into the base of the fire. Alternatively, you canimprovise a fan.

Add increasingly larger sticks and then logs as the fire grows in strength, always leaving

enough space between them for the fire to breathe.

Campfire Cooking Gadgets

Setting up of a Roast Chicken Pit 4 large pegs, 1 hammer, 1 wooden pole, match or lighter and sufficient large wood.


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Insert the whole chicken into the wooden pole and leave it to roast. Constant rotation would bedesirable to ensure that it would be cooked. Ensure that you maintain the fire.

Setting up of a Mud Chicken Pit 1 Shovel, match or lighter and sufficient large wood

Dig to a certain depth in the ground. Ensure that proper turfing is done. You will require the soilto be put back in place to cover the whole chicken. Start the fire as per normal.

Once the fire has diminished, as this method requires mainly HEAT to cook the chicken, usealuminum foil to wrap the chicken and put it directly about the mud chicken pit. Cover the mudchicken pit with the soil dug out. Wait for a couple of hours. Avoid digging the soil outconstantly as it will affect the rate of cooking.

Maintaining the fire

Always keep a flame on your fire - a smoking or smoldering fire is a cold and inefficientfire and also pollutes the environment. Add more wood before the fire gets too low. Use Dry, Seasoned wood

Extinguish the fire Make sure that the fire is fully extinguished. Used generous amounts of water to douse the

flames and the ashes.

If you are in the countryside and far from water source, throw many shovelfuls of dirt/sandon the fire.


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Checking for smoldering bits material under the dead coals, feel for heat. Half-extinguishedcampfires can be smolder and continue burning under the surface, especially if years of composed debris are present.

If you are using a trench fire then the trench should be scraped clean and the soil revitalizedby raking it with a stick.

The sods that haven been removed should then be placed carefully back into the trench andgently trampled back to place particularly at the edges. If this had been done correctly youshould have difficulty finding the fireplace in a number of days.

If the area around your fireplace is dirty with wood chipping etc, then it should be clean up.


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 2 (Making of Gadgets)

Lesson Objective

At the end of lesson, you will be able to make the following using wooden poles and ropes:a. Figure of 8 Lashing for Tripodsb. Flag Polec. Chair and tabled. Shoe Rack e. Dish Rack f. Field Toiletg. Laundry Area

Please refer to Annex 2A for other gadgets.

Method of Instructiona. Demonstration by instructorsb. Each group of trainees will be instructed to build different gadget using the knots and lashing

that they have learned

Equipment and Training Aidsa. Nylon ropes, Manila ropes and Twinesb. Wooden poles of 2cm diametersc. Wooden poles of around 5cm diametersd. Groundsheetse. Sparse

f. 2 x long poles (preferably of similar size)g. 3 6 pegsh. 3 x long inch manila ropes (guylines)i. 2 x long inch manila ropes (lashings)j. 1 carabineer k. 1 x long nylon rope (flag line)

Safety Precautionsa. No playing with ropesb. Careful of rope-burns

Wet-Weather ProgrammeFind alternative training grounds (i.e. Campsite Canteen and etc)


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Figure of Eight Lashing

(a) Three poles are laid side by side(b) Start with a Clove Hitch round one of the poles and twist the free end round the rope(c) The free end then goes in an over-and-under manner around the poles at least 8-10 times.

Do not make these too tight other wise you have difficulty with the frapping turns(d) Make 3-4 frapping turns between each of the poles(e) Finish it off with a Clove Hitch round one of the other poles(f) Uses:

a. For tying of tripods(g) Trainer to demonstrate how to tie this lashing

Note for Trainers Trainer to demonstrate how to tie the knots/lashings. Trainees are to follow step by step. Trainer is to walk around to correct the mistake made by the trainees. Additionalhelpers would be good, if available, to help to correct the trainees mistakes. Trainer to inform the trainees the uses of Knots/Lashings.


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Annex 2A


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Erection of Flag Pole (Advanced Optional)

It is a practice to have a flag raised during a camp. Therefore it is necessary to improvise a flagstaff from the materials available at the campsite when needed.

Materials needed to erect a flag pole

1. 2 x long poles (preferably of similar size)2. 3 6 pegs3. 3 x long inch manila / nylon ropes (guylines)4. 2 x long inch manila / nylon ropes (lashings)5. 1 x long nylon rope (flag line)

Erecting procedures

1. Use sheer lashing without frapping to join the 2 poles together (wedges may be used).The thicker pole should be bottom of the flag staff. The length of the overlapping portionshould be at least 3 feet.

2. Use clove hitches to secure the 3 manila / nylon ropes for guylines to the flag staff atabout 2/3 the height of the entire flag staff. The clove hitches should be tied in such amanner that the working end is 120 o to one another.

3. A loop can be made by using a double figure of eight knot. The end of the figure of eightknot is then tied tightly to the top of the flag staff.

4. Use a long piece of nylon rope as a flag line, running through the loop.5. Hammer the 3 pegs into position. They should be apart from the base and at an angle of

120o

from each other.6. Secure one of the guylines to a peg using round turn and two half hitches. You mayconsider using bowline as well.

7. Adjust the flag staff until it is vertical, then secure the other 2 guylines to their pegssimultaneously.

Securing a flag to a flag pole

1. A flag has 2 loose ends used for securing it to the flag line. The looped end usuallyrepresents the top of the flag.

2. Secure both ends of the flag line to the loops of the flag using a sheet bend or anypreferred knot.

3. Pull one end of the flag line slightly before raising the flag to check that it is upright.Raise the flag and tighten the rest of the flag line.


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 3 (Improvised Tent Pitching)

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of lesson, the trainees will be able to:a. Be able to pitch and strike an improvised tentb. Know how to secure a tent using improvised materials

Methods of Instructiona. Demonstration by instructorsb. Trainees will hands on after demonstration

Equipment and Training Aidsa. Ground sheets x 02 (per tent)b. Tent pin x 06 (per tent)c. 1 roll of comscord and a pair of scissors

d. Rocks, twig and branchese. Wooden Poles x 02 (per tent)

Safety Precautionsa. Take note of trainees playing with the tents pegs. The ends may be sharp and we do not

want them to point it at each other.b. Not to risk themselves by climbing up tree to get branches and twigs.

Wet Weather ProgrammeFind alternative training grounds using campsite bedroom


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3.1 Introduction to Improvised Tent Pitching

With a waterproof poncho, groundsheet or piece of plastic sheeting or canvas, you canquickly and easily make a number of different shelters which will suffice until you buildsomething more efficient. Use dry grass or bracken as bedding. If you got extra

groundsheet, it will make better flooring.Do not lie on cold and damp ground .

The following are some example of improvised shelter:

(a) Most commonly used

(b) Making use of natural shelter

(c) Make a triangular shelter with apex pointing into the wind

(d) Stake or weigh down the edges. If your groundsheet is long enough, curl the sheetingbelow you running downhill so it will keeps outsurface water

(e) Place extra layer or waterproof material a fewinches within another to provide extraprotection against rain

Trenches Trenches can be drug around the pitched tent for flood prevention.


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In rainy weather, the trench serves to contain and divert away the rain water, lower ground.

As a considerate camper, do remember to flatten the trenches after striking camp.

USING YOUR TENT Avoid wearing shoes or boots in the tent to protect the groundsheet. When away from camp, be sure to wrap the groundsheet with all your belongings. Never leave a tent set up in the sunlight longer than necessary, ultraviolet rays

weaken nylon after prolonged exposure and the tent will have a considerablyshortened life expectancy.

FIRE PRECAUTIONS

REMEMBER YOUR TENT CAN BURN, CAMP SAFELY FOLLOW THESECOMMON SENSE RULES:

Ensure a minimum safety distance between adjacent tents if possible. Do not place cooking, heating or lighting appliances near the sides or the roof. Always observe the safety instructions for these appliances. Never play near lighted appliances. Keep exits clear. Make sure you know the fire alarm arrangements on the site, ex. FIREDRILL

3.2 Parts of a Improvised Tent

(i) Shelter Using a groundsheet as an improvised shelter

(ii) FlooringUsing a ground sheet as a temporary flooring

(iii) Wooden Poles2 wooden poles that ensure a gap between the shelter and flooring for ventilation purposes

(iv) Tent PinsPins to be used to secure the shelter and wooden poles to the ground


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3.3 Pitching and Striking of Improvised Tent

Pitching First locate a relatively flat ground for pitching Lay the ground sheet on the ground to identify the intended ground for pitching Lay the second ground sheet (shelter) on top of the first one (flooring) Tighten the edge of the ground sheet (shelter) to the ground using the tent pins.

(Note: tighten down to the ground in a diagonal manner) Fix the wooden poles (with nails on top of the pole) to push up the ground sheet

(shelter)

Striking If possible pack up when the tent is completely dry. However, it may be necessary at

times to fold your groundsheet up whilst is still wet. Completely dry it out as soon as

possible to avoid permanent damage by mildew before storage. To dismantle your tent, follow the specific erection instructions in reverse order.

There is no hard and fast rule as how you can strike a tent, but there are some points thatwill be useful to take note of. Always place the pegs together in fixed place so that you will lose them. Never fold groundsheet on the ground of a muddy campsite Check for any missing equipment/items before leaving the campsite.

3.4 CLEANLINESS & MAINTENANCE

Cleanliness Before storing your groundsheet for any period make sure that it is completely dry

and all mud has been removed or mould and mildew are likely to grow and thewaterproof coating will be damaged.

Ensure that the wooden poles are free from mud and grass.

Maintenance Clean your groundsheet by setting it up and wiping with a damp sponge and mild,

non-detergent soap. Never use detergents and do not scrub as it will damage theprotective coating.

Rinse or grease may be removed with a small amount of kerosene. Ensure that the wooden poles are dry before storage. Make sure the nails on the wooden poles are not loose or rusty.


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 4 (Outdoor First Aid)

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to:e. Know what is Outdoor First Aid is aboutf. Common outdoor injuries / woundsg. Improvised methods

Methods of Instructionc. Demonstration by instructors

Equipment and Training Aidsf. First Aid Kit

Common Injuries that will happen during Camp or Hikes:

Nausea, Fainting Spells1. Stop the activity immediately.2. Let the casualty rest, preferably to sit down, in the shelter or under shade.3. Give the casualty sips of water. Do not give the casualty too much to drink as it would

induce nausea.4. Try to let the casualty eat sweets as this would help to take away the nausea feeling and

fainting spells.

Fainting1. If a group member faints, inform the safety I/C immediately.

2. One other group member is to raise and support his legs to improve circulation.3. Apply medical oil to the casualtys forehead (temples) and under the nose.4. One of the group members is to fan the casualty. The rest should not crowd around her so as

to give the casualty enough air.5. If casualty does not regain consciousness quickly (after 5 minutes), request for permit to call

for ambulance. While waiting for help, constantly check for his/her pulse and breathing rate.Resuscitate if necessary.

Leg Cramps1. Tell the casualty to sit down.2. Assure the casualty and ask casualty to relax.3. Elevate the casualtys leg.4. Apply Deep Heat on the casualtys muscle and massage gently.5. Give the casualty sips of water to drink and fan him.

Minor Cuts1. Wash the wound with water to remove any dirt.2. Dry the wound.3. Use antiseptic wipes to clean the wound.4. Apply antiseptic cream on the wound.5. Cover the wound with gauze or plaster.6. Use micro-pore tape to tape the dressing down.


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Cuts (With Bleeding)1. Remove or cut clothing to expose wound2. Apply direct pressure over wound with fingers or palm, preferably over a sterile dressing or

clean pad for about ten minutes or until bleeding stops. If direct pressure cannot be applied

because object is protruding, press down firmly on either side of the wound3. Raise and support injured limb above the level of the casualtys heart4. Lay casualty down5. Leaving any original pad in place, apply a sterile dressing.6. Secure and support injured part with bandaging

Vomiting1. Bring casualty to a drain.2. Pat his back in a upward motion.3. Apply medicated oil on his forehead (temples) and under nose.4. Bring casualty to shady areas or shelter to rest.5. Try to let the casualty eat sweets as this would help to stop vomiting.

Asthma Attack 1. Keep calm and reassure casualty. Get a puff of inhaler.2. Do not let casualty lie down; adopt any comfortable position.3. Take another puff after 3 minutes if asthma attack does not ease.4. If attack is severe or it is the first attack. The committee will call an ambulance immediately.

Headache 1. Help casualty lie down in a quiet place.2. Apply a cold pressure on the forehead.

Splinter .1. Gently clean around the splinter with soap and warm water.2. Grasp the splinter with the tweezers as close to the skin as possible, and draw it out at the

angle at which it went in.3. Carefully squeeze the wound to encourage a little bleeding. This will help to flush out any

remaining dirt.4. Clean the area and pat it dry.5. Apply an adhesive dressing (plaster) to minimize the risk of infection.

Fever1. Keep casualty cool and comfortable.2. Give plenty of cool, bland drinks to replace fluid loss through sweating.3. Keep check of the temperature by taking the temperature every 10 minutes

Hornet/Bee/Insect Sting1. Reassure the casualty.2. If the sting is visible, scrape it off with your fingernail or the blunt edge of a knife.3. Raise the affected part if possible, and apply a cold compress.4. Advise the casualty to see a doctor if the pain and swelling persists.


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Hyperventilation1. Let the casualty sit down2. Let him/her breathe into a paper bag3. Encourage him/her to breathe slowly4. Pace his/her breathing

Sprains and Strains1. Rest and support injured area2. Cool the area by applying an ice pack or cold compress3. Apply compression to injured area by surrounding area with a thick layer of soft padding

like cotton wool4. Raise and support injured part

Heat Exhaustion1. Help casualty to a cool place2. Lay casualty down and raise his/her legs3. Give casualty plenty of water and weak salt solution, if possible

Heat Stroke1. Move casualty to a cool place2. Remove as much of his/her outer clothing as appropriate3. Wrap casualty in a cold, wet sheet until his/her temperate falls to 38 oC4. When casualtys temperature has fallen to a safe level, replace wet sheet with a dry one

Open Fractures1. Cover wound with a clean pad or sterile dressing and apply pressure stop bleeding2. Do not press down directly on a protruding bone end3. Secure dressing and padding firmly. If bone is protruding, build up pads of non-fluffy

material around bone until you can bandage over the pads4. Immobilize injured part

Closed Fractures1. Tell casualty to keep still and support injured part with your hands until it is immobilized2. For firmer support, secure injured part to a sound part of body3. For upper limb fractures: support arm against truck with a sling or bandaging4. For lower limb fractures: Bandage sound leg to injured leg

Snake Bite 1. Lay casualty down2. Keep injured limb at rest lower than the level of the heart3. Wash wound well with water and pat dry with clean swabs4. Lightly compress limb above the wound ( about two to four inches above the wound) with a

bandage5. Immobilize injury

Minor Burns 1. Flood injured part with cold water for at least ten minutes2. Remove any jewellery, watches or constricting clothing from injured area

3. Cover area with a sterile dressing and bandage loosely in place


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Major Burns1. Lay casualty down and protect burned area from contact with the ground2. Douse burn with plenty of cold water for at least ten minutes3. Remove any jewellery, watches or constricting clothing from injured area4. Cover injury with a sterile dressing

5. Monitor and record breathing and pulse rate

Choking1. Ask casualty to cough to dislodge obstruction2. If casualty seems to be weakening, or stops coughing or breathing, stand behind casualty and

place your arms around her abdomen, bend her slightly forwards and put your fist just belowthe base of the breastbone. Put your other hand on top and pull sharply inwards and upwardsfive times. Check mouth for dislodged obstruction. (Abdominal Thrust)

**If Casualty is pregnant, perform chest thrust3. If casualty becomes unconscious, commence CPR.

Food Poisoning 1. Help casualty to lie down and rest2. Call a doctor for advice3. Give casualty plenty of water to drink and a bowl or bag for vomiting


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Example of Items in a First Aid Kit:

Suggested First Aid Kit Items for Red Cross Units

S/No Item Description Qty Units Remarks01 Acriflavine Solution 1:1000 50ml 1 Bottle02 Adhesive Plaster Approx 20mm width 20 pcs03 Adhesive Plaster Approx 50mm width 10 pcs04 Adhesive Tape White, 2.5 cm 2 roll05 Antiseptic Wipes 20 packets06 Antiseptic Cream 1 tube07 Bandage Crepe 5cm 3 roll08 Bandage Crepe 7.5cm 1 roll09 Bandage Crepe 10cm 1 roll

10 Bandage Crepe 15cm 1 roll11 Bandage Triangular 3 pcs12 Chlorehexydine 0.03% 50ml 1 Bottle13 Clinical Thermometer 1 pcs14 Cotton Wool 25 gm 2 roll15 Deep Heat 1 tube16 Disposable Cleaning Kit c/w disposable forceps 3 set17 Disposable Gloves 3 pairs18 Dressing Scissors Stainless Steel 1 pair 19 Eye Drop Lotion 50ml 1 Bottle20 Eye Patch 3 pcs21 Gauze Absorbent approx 7.5 cm by 5 cm 20 pcs22 Iodine Solution approx 50ml 1 Bottle23 Safety Pins 10 pcs24 Sodium Bicarbonate BP20G 1 Bottle25 Forceps Stainless Steel 3 pcs26 Plastic Bags 20 pcs27 Combine Pad Gamma Sterilized 3 pcs28 Opsite Spray 1 Bottle29 Centrimide 0.15% 25ml 2 packets30 Centrimide 0.15% 100ml 1 Bottle31 Melolin 20cm by 10cm 1 pcs32 Melolin 5cm by 5cm 3 pcs33 Alcohol Swabs Isopropyl Alcohol 70% 5 packets34 Torch Light 1 pcs


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Suggested First Aid Pouches Items for Red Cross Units

S/No Item Description Qty Units RemarksCompartment A

01 Dressing Kit 3 packets02 Non-Sterile Gauze 10pcs 5 packets03 Non-Sterile Cotton Ball 10pcs 5 packets04 Dressing Scissors Stainless Steel 1 pair 05 Metal Forceps Stainless Steel 1 pcs06 Disposable Gloves 3 per pack 3 packets

Compartment B07 Melolin 5cm by 5cm 3 packets

08 Crepe Bandage Crepe 5cm 2 roll09 Crepe Bandage Crepe 7.5cm 2 roll10 Crepe Bandage Crepe 10cm 1 roll11 Gauze Bandage 10 cm x 4m 1 roll

Compartment C12 Alcohol Swab 10pcs 2 packets13 Plaster 20pcs 3 packets

Compartment D14 Surgical Tape 1" width 1 roll15 Safety Pin 10pcs 1 set

Compartment E16 Antiseptic Cream 1 tube17 Analgesic Cream 1 tube

18 Chlorhexidine 0.05% 1 bottleor 5 tubes of

50ml

Miscellaneous19 Clinical Thermometer 1 set20 Sheath 20 pcs21 Torch 1 pcs Optional22 Triangular Bandage 3 pcs23 Calamine Lotion 1 bottle24 Water Bottles 2 bottle Optional25 Pocket Mask (CPR) 1 pcs Optional


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Improvised Methods

Ponchos MethodYou will require at least 3-4 ponchos laying above one another and rolling it inwards by thelengthwise to ensure safety, durability and stability.

Bandages and Pole Method

* The thick black lines indicate poles and the white boxes indicate triangular bandages.

! Adjust poles to width of casualty.! Tie bandages across the poles as shown. Adjust bandages as necessary to the height of the

casualty. Use a reef knot to secure.! Load casualty onto the improvised stretcher and it is ready for use.! When explaining method to cadets, involve thinking skills like for instance, getting them to

brainstorm things like which parts of the body that require more support?! Take note to rotate the people carrying the stretcher.! Always check whether the knots are tight enough before loading the casualty onto the

stretcher.As for safety, the aiders will have to be alert and look out for any signs and symptoms of dangers. They must always be ready to support the casualty.

Shoulders

Waist

Hi

Thih

Head

Ankle


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 5 (Map Reading 3)

Lesson ObjectiveAt the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to:a. Finding Directions without Compass

Method of Instructionc. Demonstration by instructorsd. There will be a session of explaining how to use a compass and the common mistakes

Equipment and Training Aidsl. 1 meter pole

Safety PrecautionsNIL

Wet-Weather Programmea. Demonstration can be conducted in open spaces although raining


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1 STICK SHADOW

A stick shadow can give you an accurate indication of direction.Push a stick vertically into the ground and mark where the tip of its shadow falls.After the shadow has moved several inches, mark the tip again.

A line connecting the two marks will run East and West, East being in the direction of thesecond mark. (See below).Another line perpendicular to the first will run North and South.

2 COMMON MISTAKE [METHOD OF INSTRUCTION]

a) Hold your compass steadily in your hand so the base plate is level and the direction-of-travel arrow is pointing straight away from you.

b) Hold it about halfway between your face and waist in a comfortable arm positionwith your elbow bent and compass held close to your stomach.

c) Look down at the compass and see where the needle points.

This compass is pointing due North (also 0 degrees)

a) Turn your body while keeping the compass right in front of you.b) Notice that as the compass rotates, the needle stays pointing the same direction.

SOUTH

WEST

EAST

NORTH

1st Shadow

2nd Shadow


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c) Keep turning until the needle points East like the picture below, keeping thedirection-of-travel arrow and North mark facing straight in front of you.

This compass is pointing East (90 degrees)

IMPORTANT : This is a very common mistake! The compass needle is pointing towardsEast so you must be pointing East, right? No!

To find your direction, you must turn the compass dial until the North mark and the"Orienting Arrow" is lined up with the North end of the needle. Then you can read thedirection you are traveling with the use of the Direction of Travel Arrow.

Since the Orienting Arrow is usually two parallel lines on the floor of the compass housing,a good thing to memorize is:

RED IN THE SHED

Now we know we are really heading West (270 degrees)


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 6 (Campfire 2)

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to:h. Participate actively in a campfire and learning the campfire songs.i. Conduct and building a campfire, its layout and preparations.j. Able to prepare a Torch or Fire Ball.k. Play more active roles in the campfire such as Emcee and Campfire Assistances.l. Be a Campfire Leader (At least 1.5 hours)

Methods of Instructiond. Instructors are to assist Traineese. Trainees will be able to conduct on how to setup a campfire and its preparations

Equipment and Training Aidsg. Firewoodh. Kerosenei. Zinc Sheetsj. Bricksk. 1.2m tall spar l. Clothm. Metal Wiren. Plierso. Wire Meshp. Sandq. Water

r. Fire Extinguisher s. Newspaperst. Pails


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1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

(a) Choose the location carefully, keep away from flammable objects. Make sure fires areallowed where you plan to build one. Secure permission on a written permit.

(b) Avoid turfing whenever possible. Turfs must be removed and replaced neatly(c) Build a fire just big enough.(d) Feed the fire consistently.(e) Personal safety precautions include tying back long hair, rolling up loose sleeves, and not

wearing frilly outfits and plastic or synthetic garments while building or tending a fire.(f) Always keep a pail of water or fire extinguisher within easy reach for safety measures.(g) Never leave the fire unattended, even temporarily.(h) Fully extinguish your fire at the end of the campfire.(i) Do not go too near the fire unless necessary, even if the flames do not reach you, the heat

can still burn you.

2 SITE

(a) Before lighting the fire, check that you are allowed to light fires on the site you havechosen. Find a fare patch of ground well away from dry grass, leaves, twigs, etc, toprevent the fire from spreading to the surrounding areas.

(b) Using Zinc Sheets would be desirable but it could still damage the field or ground.(c) Wetting the area with lots of water help minimize the damage.(d) Placing bricks by elevating the zinc sheet.(e) Place sand around the zinc sheet.(f) Using lesser firewood and having additional zinc sheets above the existing one does not

help minimize the damage at all.

3 TURF

(a) If the site for the fire is on a grass patch, it is necessary to cut out a turf large enough toaccommodate the fire.

(b) Mark the size of the turf with a changkul. Then dig in and remove the turf from belowthe roots. If the area you are turfing is large, divide it into smaller square portions.

(c) Keep the turf moist in a shady area for replacement later.(d) Replace the turf only when the ground is cool.

4 MATERIALS NEEDED FOR LIGHTING A FIRE

(a) Collect/Buy the firewood beforehand.(b) Soak those you wish to be use as the initial stack to start the fire with kerosene a few

days before the event. This will ensure that the stack will burn easily when ignited by thefire torches.

(c) Prepare sufficient kerosene bags filled at least of the bag. Do not fill too much as it isdangerous if the fire gets too big.


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5 LAYING THE FIREWOOD

(a) Stack up a pile of firewood in the shape of a Pyramid.(b) At the centre of the Pyramid, you can place a ball of rugs. This will serve as the kindling.(c) Be sure that there is plenty of air space in between each piece of firewood. Without

oxygen, wood that is packed too tightly will not burn properly.

6 LIGHTING THE FIRE FIRE TORCH

(a) The ideal length of a fire torch is approximately 1.2m.(b) Use an old cloth or shirt to wrap the top of the torch together with the thin metal wire to

secure the cloth to the torch.(c) A short Torch may be dangerous to the person holding it as it might burn the person

lighting the campfire, while a long Torch may be unsightly and difficult to handle whenlighting the campfire.

(d) Soak the Torch with kerosene about 5 minutes before lighting.

(e) Use lighter/matches to light a fire torch. Take note of the direction of the wind, we do notwant the wind to blow the flame at you.(f) Do not light the fire directly using lighter/matchsticks.(g) Stick the Torch into the middle of the stack all the way down to the base.(h) If theres a need to reuse the Torch, take it out carefully and extinguish the Torch with

sand or water.


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Notice that the Fire Torch is more than 1.2m. It becomes difficult and unsightly when youremove it from the pit. This is a common mistake made by people who do campfire preparationsfor the first time.

OR LIGHTING THE FIRE FIRE BALL

(a) Wire Mesh, Pliers, Cloth, Small pieces of bricks and thin and thick metal wires would berequired.

(b) Form a shape of a cage for the Fire Ball with the wire mesh.(c) Put in the small pieces of bricks with the cloth to act as the weight for the Fire Ball when

lighting the fire from a higher ground. Tie the cloth.(d) Use the thin metal wires to tie the cloth of bricks.(e) Make a hook for the Fire Ball to descend from higher ground via the thick metal wire.(f) Ensure that the thick metal wire is able to allow the Fire Ball descend smoothly.(g) Tie the thick metal wire to a couple of large piece of bricks to ensure that the Fire Ball

would hit it and not move the whole campfire structure.(h) Do not light the fire directly using lighter/matchsticks.(i) Use a smaller torch to light the Fire Ball.(j) Ensure that there are people looking after the safety of the thick metal wire as it may hurt

people.(k) Ensure that no one sits under the path of the Fire Ball as it is dangerous if the Fire Ball

drops, hits or burn anyone.(l) Someone is to hold onto the thick metal wire and cut it. Be careful of the tension as if not

held properly, it may fly and hit someone.

7 TENDING THE FIRE

(a) Add more wood before the fire gets too low. Use dry, seasoned wood. At the same timestressing the safety precautions to be taken.

(b) It would be desirable to prepare the remaining firewood in stacks about 10 feet awayfrom the pit to add more wood to the fire.

(c) The wind should be blowing from your back to prevent being burnt by the fire.


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8 PREVENTION OF KEROSENE LEAKAGE

(a) Making a wall of sand around the pit helps to prevent kerosene from leaking out of thecampfire pit.

(b) Making water moats around the pit does not help as kerosene floats.

9 CLOSING THE CAMPFIRE

(a) Sand is the most apropriate method to close a campfire by the Guest-Of-Honour if thereis.

(b) Water could be used as an alternative method to close a campfire in replace of sand.(c) Avoid using the fire extinguisher to close a campfire as it creates a mess and a

replacement of the used fire extinguisher is necessary.

10 EXTINGUISHING THE FIRE

(a) Douse the ash with generous amount of water.(b) When you are sure it is cold, remove the ashes.(c) The fire must be fully put out before you leave the place.(d) If the ground is turfed, the original turf which was put on one side earlier has to be put

back.

11 FACTORS FOR A SUCCESSFUL CAMPFIRE

(a) The most critical success factor for a campfire is identifying the Emcees and ensuring theparticipants learn the campfire songs.

(b) Appropriate and early invitation of Guest-Of-Honour is a showing a form of politegesture.

(c) Decorations and sitting arrangements are recommended to make the campfire look morepresentable.

(d) Offering good food and venue is optional, but with the presence of any Guest-Of-Honour or VIPs, it would be recommended.

12 PREVENTION OF KEROSENE LEAKAGE

(a) Making a wall of sand around the pit helps to prevent kerosene from leaking out of thecampfire pit.

(b) Making water moats around the pit does not help as kerosene floats.


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13 CLOSING THE CAMPFIRE

(a) Sand is the most apropriate method to close a campfire by the Guest-Of-Honour if thereis.

(b) Water could be used as an alternative method to close a campfire in replace of sand.

(c) Avoid using the fire extinguisher to close a campfire as it creates a mess and areplacement of the used fire extinguisher is necessary.

14 EXTINGUISHING THE FIRE

(a) Douse the ash with generous amount of water.(b) When you are sure it is cold, remove the ashes.(c) The fire must be fully put out before you leave the place.(d) If the ground is turfed, the original turf which was put on one side earlier has to be put

back.

15 FACTORS FOR A SUCCESSFUL CAMPFIRE

(a) The most critical success factor for a campfire is identifying the Emcees and ensuring theparticipants learn the campfire songs.

(b) Appropriate and early invitation of Guest-Of-Honour is a showing a form of politegesture.

(c) Decorations and sitting arrangements are recommended to make the campfire look morepresentable.

(d) Offering good food and venue is optional, but with the presence of any Guest-Of-Honour or VIPs, it would be recommended.

16 CLEARING OF CAMPFIRE PIT

(a) Make sure the fire is put out properly.(b) Clean up the place, especially the fire pit.(c) Leftover kerosene should be stored properly and in a cool area.(d) Spilled kerosene could be washed away with soap powder mixed with water in disposing

of the spilled kerosene.(e) The burnt firewood which are now charcoal should be disposed off properly and not be

an eye-sore to others. Best is spread it among bushes as it is a source of fertilizer.


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Campfire Songs

1) ADIJI YELLAdiji adiji ah oh ahAdiji adiji zis boom bahAh oh ahZis boom bahRa ra ra ( Together)

2) CAMPFIRES BURNING

Campfires burning, Campfires buring,Draw nearer, draw nearer,In the glooming, in the glooming,Come sing and be merry

3) PASS IT ON

It only takes a spark, to get the fire going.And soon all those around,Can warm up in its glowing.

Thats how it is with Gods LoveOnce youve experienced it.Youll spread his love, to everyone.You want to pass it on, pass it on pass it on,

pass it pass it pass it onWhat a wondrous time is spring,When all the trees are budding.The birds begin to sing,The flowers start their blooming.

Thats how it is with Gods LoveOnce youve experienced it.You want to sing, its fresh like spring.You want to pass it on, pass it on pass it on,pass it pass it pass it on.

I wish for you my friendThe happiness that Ive found.You can depend on Him,It matters not where youre bound.

I shouted it from the mountain top. REDCROSS!!!I want the world to know,The LORD of Love has come to me,I want to pass it on, pass it on pass it on, passit pass it pass it on.

4) THE MORE WE GET TOGETHER

The more we get together, together, together.The more we get together, the merrier well be.For your friends are my friends.And my friends are your friends.The more were together, the merrier well be.

5) WHEN YOU ARE HAPPY

* When youre happy and you know itClap your hands (X 2)

When youre happy and you know it,And you really want to show it.When youre happy and you know itClap your hands.

When youre happy snap your f ingersWhen youre happy stamp your feetWhen youre happy nod your headWhen youre happy say helloWhen youre happy do all five

6) RED CROSS SPIRITIve got the Red Cross Spirit* Deep in my heart (X 3)Ive got the Red Cross SpiritDeep in my heart,Deep in my heart to stay.

(* Repeat with: right in my head, all over me)


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7) PEACE LIKE A RIVER

* I got peace like a river (X 3)In my soulIN MY SOUL! (Repeat *)

* I got joy overflowing (X 3)In my soulIN MY SOUL! (Repeat *)

* I got life everlasting (X 3)In my soulIN MY SOUL! (Repeat *)

* I got peace like a river I got joy overflowing

I got life everlastingIn my soulIN MY SOUL! (Repeat *)

8) GAKO THE FROG

Kae-Ro No Yo Ma-Wa-RiGako gako geko piong piong.Hapa luke, hapa lukeGako Geko PiongGako Piong, Geko Piong

Gako Geko PiongGako Gako Ga Piong Piong Piong

Geko Geko Ge Piong Piong PiongGako Piong, Geko Piong,Gako Geko Piong

9) HAI TI

Hai Ti, Tili Tili Tong,Hai Ti, Tili Tili Tong,Hai Ti, Tili Tili Tong,Tili, Tili, Tong Tong Tong

10) FATHER ABRAHAM

Father Abraham had seven children,Seven children had Father AbrahamSome of them were tall,Some of them were short,But none of them were bright.

Raise your left (hand)

Raise your right (hand)Stamp your left (feet)Stamp your right (feet)Butts upChest frontStick your tongue

11) EPPO

Oh eppo eh tai tai eh yah (X 2)Oh eppo eh tai taiEppo eh tuki tukiEppo eh tuki tuki eh

Oh Eppo eh tuki tuki eh yah (X 2)Eppo eh tuki tukiEppo eh tuki tuki, Eppo eh tuki tuki eh yah

12) CHEK CHEK KOLEK

* Chek Chek Kolek, Chek Ko Pisang,Pisang Salangka, Ada-lah Selangka,Oh my Chek Chek (Slow)(Repeat *)

13) SAMPAN LOW SAMPAN LAY

Sampan Low ah Sampan Lay yaSampan Low ah Sampan Lay ya

Ah mina mina eh ehAh mina mina eh eh


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14) POM CHIKA POM

Pom Chika Pom,Pom Chika Pom,Pom Chika Wana, Chika Wana, Chika Pom.Oh yeah?Ride on!

Lets make it even louder Lets make it even softer Lets make it even faster Lets make it even slower Lets make it even sexier

15) THE LITTLE GREEN FROG

Mm.. Hm went the little green frog one day,Mm.. Hm went the little green frog.

Hm.. Hm went the little green frog one day,And the little green frog went Mm.. Hm

But we know frogs go,Sha-la-la-la-laSha-la-la-la-laSha-la-la-la-la

But we know frogs go,Sha-la-la-la-laFrogs dont go Mm.. Hm

16) MY BONNIE

My Bonnie lies over the mountain,My bonnie lies over the sea,My bonnie lies over the ocean,Oh bring back my bonnie to me.

Bring back, bring backOh bring back my bonnie to me, to meBring back, bring backOh bring back my bonnie to me

17) FLEA FLY MOSQUITO

Flea, flea fly, flea fly mosquitoCalamine,Calamine, calamine calamine lotionOh no more, calamine lotionItchy itchy scratchy scratchy up and down mybacky wackyItchy itchy scratchy scratchy up and down mybacksideBeep went the bug when I spray,With my spray can, pssssssss .

18) FLEA FLY MOTORCAR

Flea, flea fly, flea fly motorcar Honda,Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Lancer,Oh no more Mitsubishi Lancer Driving on the highway without a licenseOne day kanna accidentPi po pi po pi pi poDong cheng dong cheng dong dong cheng

19) CHA CHIKA CHA

Hands up, palms together

CHORUSCha, Chika Cha, Chika Cha, Chika Cha ChaCha(Action: moving the arms and body to the leftand right)

Hands up, palms together, elbows together Chorus

Hands up, palms together, elbows together,knees together Chorus

Hands up, palms together, elbows together,knees together, legs apartChorus

Hands up, palms together, elbows together,knees together, legs apart, tongue out

Ah, ah ah ah, ah ah ah, ah ah ah ah, ah ah


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20) BY THE LIGHT OF THE SILVERY MOON

By the light (not the darkm but the light)Of the silvery moon (not the sun but the moon)I want to spoon (not the fork but the spoon)To my honey Ill croon love trueHoneymoon (no the sun but the moon)Keep on shinning in June (not in May, but inJune)Your silvery beams will bring love dreamsWell be cuddling soon (not too late but toosoon)By the silvery moon (not the sun but the moon)

21) MOONLIGHT BAY

We were sailing along (we were sailing along)On moonlight bay (on moonlight bay)We could hear the voices singing (singing)They seems to say (I happy lay)You have stolen my heart (I have stolen your heart)Now dont go away (I wont go away)As we sing loves old sweet song (sweet song)On the moonlight bay (on moonlight bay)

22) YOUR SIDE

Your side (X2)Your side, your front, your backYour side, your frontYour side, your backYour side, your front, your back

Pang Bian Pang BianPang bian qian mian hou mianPang bian qian mian pang bian houmianPang bian qian mian hou mian

Tepi TepiTepi hapadan belakangTepi hapadan tepi belakangTepi hapadan belakang

Odrum odrumOdrum munadi binadiOdrum munadi odrum binadiOdrum munadi binadi

23) FRIENDSHIP DANCE

As we walk to the left and we walk to therightAs we walk as we walk as we walk all nightWith a heel and a toe and a half turn aroundWith a heel and a toe and a new friend found

24) AULD LANG SYNE

Should all acquaintance be forgotAnd never brought to mindShould all acquaintance be forgotAnd the days of auld lang syne

For auld lang syne, my dear My auld lang syne,Well take a cup of kindles yetFor auld lang syne


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Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 7 (Leadership)

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to:m. Explain the purpose of an outdoor hike.n. Conduct safety briefings of an outdoor hike.o. Know what to bring and what not to bring.p. Being a Group Leader in Outdoor Hike (At least 2 hours)

OR [Related Notes from Outdoor Activities (Gold) Lesson 6 (Campfire 2)]

a. Participate actively in a campfire and learning the campfire songs.b. Conduct and building a campfire, its layout and preparations.c. Able to prepare a Torch or Fire Ball.d. Play more active roles in the campfire such as Emcee and Campfire Assistances.e. Being a Group Leader in Campfire (At least 2 hours)

Methods of Instructionf. Briefing by instructors, hike planning committee or campfire planning committee.g. Trainees will learn to conduct this session as part of Method of Instructions.

Equipment and Training Aidsu. Mapsv. Compassesw. First Aid Kitsx. Things to Bring Listy. Whistlez. Bag-pack aa. Mobile Phonebb. Walkie-Talkie


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1 PURPOSE OF AN OUTDOOR HIKE

The purpose of an outdoor hike may have different objectives. Examples of them are: To be familiar with the use of maps and compasses. To encourage and build team-spirit among members in the group. To learn about the safety briefing and points to take note while hiking. To be able to execute the Outdoor Hike. To be trained and alert in times of emergencies.

More purposes could be developed as long as the hike participants are aware of what theyshould accomplish at the end of the outdoor hike.

However, the utmost importance of consideration when planning for an outdoor hikewould be the safety considerations.

2 SAFETY BRIEFING

It is important and necessary to conduct a hike safety briefing before the start of the hike.Planning the hike may or may not require a site reconnaissance (recce). If given just a map, it isalso possible to plan out the route and deciding what could be done along the way.

Basic Rules and Considerations

Refer to Lesson 1 You Can Help!

Well-Being of Participants

Always ensure that water is being brought and filled with water before the hike. Do conductwater parades to ensure every participant is hydrated.

Do conduct stretching exercises for the participants as it would be preferred to have little or nocasualties during the hike. Such exercises would aid participants such that common crampswould be avoided if the hike duration is long.

Remember to also check for any allergies of participants, dietary restrictions and their bodycondition before the hike. If they are not feeling well, inform the Teacher or Instructor

immediately.

Cheering to motivate participants would be advised as it would serve as an encouragement tothem to complete the outdoor hike. Nevertheless, group members during the hike itself shouldconstantly motivate one another.

It is also advisable to have the emergency contact numbers of the planning hike committee or Teacher or Instructor. However, do take note that not always there may be reception when usinga mobile phone or a walkie-talkie.


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Things to observe during a hike

Maintain a minimum noise level as the place you are hiking may be a reserve or neighbourhood.Do not touch any floral or fauna as some plants may be poisonous or you may destroy theseplants.

Keep a lookout for one another and do head count from time to time.

Logistics and Food Rations

It is important to conduct Logistics and Food Rations checking before you start the hike. If incase you lack any logistics, you will have to think of means to ensure that the group has abackup logistics or plan. Rations are also important as it serves as a motivation to the groupmembers; it also may keep them surviving for a couple of days if they do happen to get lostduring the hike.

Whistle Drill

Type of Whistle Blow What it means What to do

Continuous Short Blows Hornet Attack Campers to lie flat on their front and cover their exposed necks with their hands.

Execute the hornet drill when there is a hornet attack. The above type of whistle blow is anexample of what to do as well.First Aid may be used in times of emergency. Expect the unexpected when you are in anoutdoor hike.

3 WHAT TO BRING AND WHAT NOT TO BRING

ITEM QTY# BACKPACK 1# COMPASS 1# MAP 1# WHISTLE 1# FIRST AID KIT / POUCH 1# PONCHO 1# T-SHIRT 1# SHORTS/TRACK PANTS 1# SOCKS 1# TRACK SHOES 1# TOILETRIES 1 SET# BOTTLE (1.5L) 1# PERSONAL MEDICATION SUFFICIENT# CASH SUFFICIENT# FOOD PACK 1 SET

# ZIPLOC BAGS SUFFICIENTAll items are required to be waterproofed.


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