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INKKB]]EE NF HNQEBCF QEDG]BNFY

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Sgylbfc}nf$ MI$ Jgfugqr 18$ 1?7?&MEGQ INDDEGCUE : Ufb}em Y}g}ey bf}eqey}y gqe yeqxem bf y}qefc}l+

efbfc kud}bdg}eqgd bfy}b}u}bnfy nf aelgdh nh ehhei}bxe mekniqg}bi cnx+eqfgfie bf }le Sey}eqf Lekbypleqe& Gy }le pqbkgqr bfy}b}u}bnf nh }le bf}eq+Gkeqbigf yry}ek$ }le Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Gkeqbigf Y}g}ey,NGY" by iquibgd }n yuil gf ehhnq}& Re} }le nqcgfbzg}bnf hgiey yeqbnuyhbfgfibgd gfm pndb}bigd ilgddefcey }lg} mekgfm }le g}}ef}bnf gfmdegmeqylbp nh b}y kekaeq+y}g}ey&

B mbqei}em kr yefbnq Yefg}e Hnqebcf Qedg}bnfy Inkkb}}ee ,YHQI"y}ghh kekaeq hnq Dg}bf Gkeqbig$ Igqd Kegilgk$ }n e|gkbfe }leyeilgddefcey bf dbcl} nh qeief} exef}y& ]le NGY hgiey }sn pqbkgqrilgddefcey& Hbqy}$ bf 1??2$ }le NGYy ganq}bxe g}}ekp} }n qeyndxe}le pndb}bigd iqbyby bf Lnfmuqgy e|ekpdbhbem b}y mbhhbiud}r bf gmmqeyy+bfc }lqeg}y }n mekniqgir bf }lebq egqdr y}gcey$ gy pqexbnuydr na+yeqxem bf inuf}qbey yuil gy Xefezuedg gfm Fbigqgcug$ sleqe edei}+em pqeybmef}y lgxe ufmeqkbfem mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfy& Yeinfm$ hnd+dnsbfc regqy nh ilqnfbi aumce} mbhhbiud}bey$ }le NGY gppqnxem g1?7? aumce} }lg} ehhei}bxedr mepde}ey }le nqcgfbzg}bnfy qeyeqxehufmy$ degmbfc }n gf ufyuy}gbfgade hbfgfibfc ylnq}hgdd& G} }le ygke

}bke$ }le NGY by e|pei}em }n gmmqeyy lufmqemy nh fes kgfmg}eycefeqg}em g} }le Yukkb}y nh }le Gkeqbigy gfm ar }le Cefeqgd Gy+yekadr&

]lby qepnq}$ ar Kq& Kegilgk sb}l ybcfbhbigf} inf}qbau}bnfy hqnk@ezbg Ki@egcue$ by pgq}biudgqdr }bkedr cbxef }le upinkbfc edei}bnfnh }le NGY Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd& B} pqnxbmey qeinkkefmg}bnfy hnq }leUfb}em Y}g}ey Cnxeqfkef}$ slbil qekgbfy }le nqcgfbzg}bnfy }npmnfnq& Re} B lnpe b} sbdd ledp y}bkudg}e g aqngmeq meag}e nf }leiqb}bigd yb}ug}bnf infhqnf}bfc }le NGY$ hnq kud}bdg}eqgd bfy}b}u}bnfygqe nfdr gy y}qnfc gy }le inkkb}kef} nh }lebq kekaeq+y}g}ey& ]leNGY qewubqey g qefesem ehhnq} }n kg`e b} ehhei}bxe gfm hbfgfibgddryndxef} bf }le inkbfc meigme&

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xb

B gdyn sbyl }n inkkefm }le NGY gfm }le NGY+ghhbdbg}em fnf+pqnh+b} nqcgfbzg}bnf$ }le _gf Gkeqbigf Mexednpkef} Hnufmg}bnf,_GMH"$ hnq }lebq bkpnq}gf} snq` bf pqnxbmbfc ekeqcefir lukgfb+}gqbgf qedbeh }n }le penpde nh Lgb}b bf }le sg`e nh }le Jgfugqr 71egq}lwug`e&

B lnpe rnu hbfm }lby qepnq} ledphud gy }le U&Y& Infcqeyy infybmeqylns }n gmxgfie U&Y& bf}eqey}y bf lekbypleqbi ghhgbqy& B dnn` hnqsgqm}n inf}bfubfc }n snq` sb}l rnu nf }leye byyuey$ gfm B sedinke gfrinkkef}y rnu kgr lgxe&

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7 Qekgq`y g} Idnyem Kee}bfc nh }le _eqkgfef} Inufibd nh }le Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh GkeqbigfY}g}ey ar Gq}uqn Xgdefzuedg$ Gyyby}gf} Yeiqe}gqr$ Auqegu nh Sey}eqf Lekbypleqe Ghhgbqy$Sgylbfc}nf$ MI$ Fnxekaeq 19$ 1??2&

1 G inkpefmbuk nh kgfmg}ey hqnk }le dgy} 9 regqy by gxgbdgade g} l}}p:..ducgq&yefg}e&cnx&9 ]le Qbn Cqnup by gf nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Dg}bf Gkeqbigf gfm ynke Igqbaaegf y}g}ey }lg} sgy

iqeg}em bf 72

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1

,UFGYUQ" by g knqe qeief} bfb}bg}bxe$ slnye hnufmbfc }qeg}r sgy ybcfem bf 1??< ar gdd }sedxeYnu}l Gkeqbigf fg}bnfy& An}l }le Qbn Cqnup gfm UFGYUQ e|idume }le Ufb}em Y}g}ey&

Fexeq}ledeyy$ }le NGY inf}bfuey }n pdgr gf eyyef}bgd qnde knqe}lgf 8? regqy gh}eq b}y iqeg}bnf& B} by }le nfdr qecbnfgd bfy}b}u}bnf}lg} efinkpgyyey gdd }le mekniqgibey bf }le Sey}eqf Lekbypleqe$gfm b} pqnxbmey g kud}bdg}eqgd hnquk hnq }le Ufb}em Y}g}ey }n ef+cgce sb}l Dg}bf Gkeqbig gfm }le Igqbaaegf nf byyuey nh ku}ugdinfieqf& ]le nqcgfbzg}bnfy inkknfdr gi`fnsdemcem y}qefc}ly bf+idume edei}bnf knfb}nqbfc$ innpeqg}bnf nf inuf}eq+fgqin}biy gfminuf}eq+}eqqnqbyk$ gfm }le pqn}ei}bnf nh lukgf qbcl}y }lqnucl b}y}sn gu}nfnknuy anmbey$ }le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Inkkbyybnf gfm Inuq}nf Lukgf Qbcl}y&

G} }le mbqei}bnf nh Yefg}nq Ducgq$ }lby y}umr e|gkbfey }le inf+xeqcbfc hbfgfibgd gfm pndb}bigd ilgddefcey fns hgibfc }le NGY& Gd+}lnucl b} by aernfm }le yinpe nh }lby qepnq} }n infybmeq }le NGYysnq` bf n}leq inqe byyue gqegy$ }le hniuy nf hbfgfibgd y}gabdb}r gfmmehefye nh mekniqgir qehdei}y }le kny} pqeyybfc infieqfy hnq an}l

}le hu}uqe nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf gfm U&Y& bf}eqey}y& Bf Sgylbfc}nf$MI$ y}ghh ke} sb}l }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd nh }le NGY$ Jnye KbcuedBfyudzg$ gfm n}leq yefbnq NGY nhhbibgdy$ }le U&Y& Kbyybnf }n }leNGY$ iuqqef} gfm hnqkeq peqkgfef} qepqeyef}g}bxey }n }le NGY$mbpdnkg}y$ gfm qecbnfgd gfgdry}y ,yee Gppefmb| B hnq inkpde}e dby}nh kee}bfcy"&

]le hbqy} yei}bnf nh }lby qepnq} pqnxbmey agi`cqnufm nf }le y}qui+}uqe gfm gi}bxb}bey nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf$ slbde }le nayeqxg}bnfy yei+}bnf gfgdrzey }le NGYy mbqe hbfgfibgd yb}ug}bnf gfm }le ilgddefcey}lg} hgie }le NGY bf mehefmbfc mekniqgir bf }le qecbnf& ]le hbfgdyei}bnf mexednpy pndbir qeinkkefmg}bnfy hnq }le Ufb}em Y}g}ey Cnx+eqfkef} ,UYC"&

A GI@CQNUFM

]le NGY exndxem hqnk g yeqbey nh Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf infheqefiey}lg} aecgf bf }le 7

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9

= Kereq$ _e}eq& Infcqeyybnfgd Qeyegqil Yeqxbie Kekn nf Agi`cqnufm nf }le Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Gkeqbigf Y}g}ey& Qewuey}em ar kbfnqb}r y}ghh nh }le Yefg}e Hnqebcf Qedg}bnfy Inkkb}}ee& 97 Gucuy} 1??2&

5 Babm&8 Gq}bide 77?$ Ilgp}eq \XB&3 Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Gkeqbigf Y}g}ey seayb}e: Slg} Se Mn& l}}p:..sss&ngy&nqc.ef.ganu}.slg}

semn&gyp< ]le Ufb} hnq }le _qnkn}bnf nh Mekniqgir lgy ybfie aeef keqcem bf}n }le Yeiqe}gqbg} hnq _n+

db}bigd Ghhgbqy$ slbil by inkpnyem nh }lqee mepgq}kef}y: Y}g}e Knmeqfbzg}bnf gfm Cnxeqfgfie0Edei}nqgd Innpeqg}bnf gfm Nayeqxg}bnf0 gfm Mekniqg}bi Yuy}gbfgabdb}r gfm Ypeibgd Kbyybnfy&

ieq}gbf meibybnfy$ yuil gy }le gmnp}bnf nh }le gcefmg gfm }le gp+pqnxgd nh aumce}gqr kg}}eqy&= ]le _eqkgfef} Inufibd kee}y qecudgqdr }lqnuclnu} }le regq g}

NGY legmwugq}eqy bf Sgylbfc}nf$ MI }n infmui} }le mgr+}n+mgrauybfeyy nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf& Db`e }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr$ }le _eq+kgfef} Inufibd by inkpnyem nh nfe qepqeyef}g}bxe nh egil kekaeq+y}g}e$ sb}l egil y}g}e lgxbfc nfe xn}e& G }sn+}lbqmy xn}e by fei+eyygqr hnq kny} _eqkgfef} Inufibd meibybnfy$ }lnucl }le Inufibd}efmy }n npeqg}e ar infyefyuy& 5

Slbde }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr gfm _eqkgfef} Inufibd ye} }le pndb+ibey nh }le NGY$ }le Cefeqgd Yeiqe}gqbg} by }le peqkgfef} anmrilgqcem sb}l bkpdekef}bfc }lek& ]le Cefeqgd Yeiqe}gqbg} by mb+qei}em ar }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd gfm Gyyby}gf} Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd$sln gqe edei}em }n hbxe+regq }eqkysb}l }le pnyybabdb}r nh nfe qe+edei}bnf+ar }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr& Ufmeq Ilgp}eq \XB nh }le NGY

Ilgq}eq$ }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgdy hnqkgd pnseqy bfidume yeqxbfc gydecgd qepqeyef}g}bxe nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf$ pgq}bibpg}bfc bf gdd NGYkee}bfcy sb}l g xnbie au} sb}lnu} g xn}e$ gfm ey}gadbylbfc }le nh+hbiey gfm lbqbfc }le peqynffed feieyygqr }n bkpdekef} }le kgf+mg}ey cbxef }n }le Cefeqgd Yeiqe}gqbg}& Gmmb}bnfgddr$ g 72

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=

2 Giinqmbfc }n NGY nhhbibgdy$ }le U&Y& inf}qbau}bnf }n }le nxeqgdd NGY aumce}$ bfidumbfc gdd ype+ibhbi hufmy$ gknuf}y }n gppqn|bkg}edr 93&8= peqief}&

}bxe mekniqgir }n ae uyem gy aefilkgq`y bf }le inddei}bxe mehefyenh mekniqgir bf }le Gkeqbigy&]le NGY aumce} infyby}y nh }lqee yepgqg}e hufmy& ]le Qecudgq

Hufm yuppnq}y }le Cefeqgd Yeiqe}gqbg} gfm by pqbkgqbdr hbfgfiem}lqnucl kekaeq+y}g}e wun}gy$ slbil gqe igdiudg}em agyem nf cqnyyfg}bnfgd bfinke$ sb}l gmjuy}kef}y hnq mea} auqmef gfm dns peqigpb}g bfinke& ]le Qecudgq Hufm by mbxbmem bf}n }sn Yuahufmy: }leNpeqg}bnfy Yuahufm gfm }le Qeyeqxe Yuahufm& Gfn}leq dgqce pnq+}bnf nh }le NGY aumce} inkey hqnk ypeibhbi hufmy$ xnduf}gqr inf+}qbau}bnfy }lg} gqe mbqei}em }n ypeibhbi pqnjei}y nq pqncqgky& ]leNGY lgy inddei}em ypeibhbi hufmy ybfie 7223 bf nqmeq }n yuppdekef}ylnq}gcey bf }le Qecudgq Hufm& ]le hbfgd pnq}bnf nh }le NGY aumc+e} by }le Ypeibgd Kud}bdg}eqgd Hufm nh }le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Inufibdhnq Bf}ecqgd Mexednpkef} ,HEKIBMB nq Xnduf}gqr Hufm"$ }lqnuclslbil inuf}qbey igf inf}qbau}e }n }le hbfgfibfc nh fg}bnfgd gfmkud}bdg}eqgd mexednpkef} pqncqgky& ]le 1?7? pqncqgk+aumce} gp+pqnpqbg}em -73< kbddbnf$ nh slbil -2?&7 kbddbnf inke hqnk }le Qec+udgq Hufm gfm -

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5

7? Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Mbgdncue$ Qeypnfmbfc }n }le Lekbypleqey _ndb}bigd Ilgddefcey: Qepnq} nh }le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Mbgdncue ]gy` Hnqie nf }le Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Gkeqbigf Y}g}ey$ Jufe 1??8&

77 ]le ilgbq nh }le snq`bfc cqnup$ Igfgmbgf Mepu}r Ilbeh nh Kbyybnf _beqqe Cbqnu|$ lgy mexed+npem g keilgfbyk hnq gyybcfbfc pnbf}y }n }le 95 mbhheqef} cqnupbfcy }lg} le lgy kgme nh }lexndukbfnuy fukaeq nh NGY kgfmg}ey& Medecg}bnfy yuakb}}em }lebq qgf`bfcy bf Jgfugqr 1?7?&]le snq`bfc cqnup sbdd medbaeqg}e nxeq }le kekaeq+y}g}ey yuakbyybnfy muqbfc }le knf}l nh Heaqugqr gfm sbdd pqeyef} b}y qepnq} }n }le _eqkgfef} Inufibdy Inkkb}}ee nf Gmkbfby}qg}bxegfm Aumce}gqr Ghhgbqy ,IGG_" muqbfc }le hbqy} see` nh Kgqil& ]le qepnq} sbdd yeqxe gy gf bfpu}}n mqgh} }le aumce}&

yud}gf}y }lg} gqe dgqcedr ufgiinuf}gade gfm nfdr }gfcef}bgddr qe+dg}em }n }le nqcgfbzg}bnfy inqe kbyybnf& Gy g qeyud} nh hbfgfibgd mbhhbiud}bey bf }le qecbnf gfm g qedui}gfie

}n gmjuy} }le inuf}qr wun}gy$ }le NGY by ufdb`edr }n qeiebxe gme+wug}e hbfgfibgd yuppnq} }n eb}leq qeyndxe b}y aumce} ylnq}hgdd nq }nbkpdekef} exeq bfiqegybfc kgfmg}ey& Giinqmbfc }n ynke gfgdry}y$}le nqcgfbzg}bnfy qeiuqqbfc aumce}gqr iqbyby by g meknqgdbzbfc bf+y}b}u}bnfgd seg`feyy& & & P}lg}[ infy}qgbfy }le NGYy gabdb}r }n ey}ga+dbyl pqbnqb}bey gfm pdgf glegm$ }n qeiqub} gfm qe}gbf }np dexed y}ghh$infmui} lbcl wugdb}r pqncqgky$ gfm bfb}bg}e uqcef}dr feemem gi}bxb+}bey&7? Knqenxeq$ }le NGY lgy meheqqem kgbf}efgfie nf b}y pqnp+eq}r gfm n}leq }gfcbade gyye}y }n }le pnbf} }lg} efcbfeeqy lgxebmef}bhbem yeqbnuy mehbibefibey bf feem nh uqcef} qepgbqy& ]leye mehb+ibefibey efmgfceq }le legd}l gfm yghe}r nh ekpdnreey gy sedd gy }lepqeyeqxg}bnf nh pqnpeq}bey nh lby}nqbigd ybcfbhbigfie&

Bf 1??2$ }le Angqm nh E|}eqfgd Gumb}nqy gmxnig}em }le feem hnqkekaeq+y}g}ey }n yeqbnuydr ilgddefce gfm qemuie }le fukaeq nh kgfmg}ey }n g ku}ugddr gcqeem inqe nh bkpnq}gf} snq` inkkefyu+qg}e sb}l }le nqcgfbzg}bnfy hnufmbfc pqbfibpdey gfm puqpnyey& ]le}gy` nh pqbnqb}bzg}bnf$ lnsexeq$ by inkpdbig}em ar }le pndb}bigd fg+}uqe nh }le NGY gfm }le mbxeqcef} bf}eqey}y nh b}y kekaeq+y}g}ey&Yeiuqb}r ilgddefcey$ hnq e|gkpde$ kegf iqbke bf }le y}qee} hnqKe|bin gfm idbkg}e ilgfce hnq }le Igqbaaegf$ gy nfe peqkgfef}qepqeyef}g}bxe pu} b}& Knqenxeq$ hnq ynke kekaeq+y}g}ey }le NGYby pqbkgqbdr g pndb}bigd nqcgfbzg}bnf }lg} ylnudm hniuy nf mekniqgirgfm lukgf qbcl}y$ slbde n}leqy$ bfidumbfc }le Igqbaaegf inuf}qbey$kgfr nh slbil gqe fn} kekaeqy nh }le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Mexednp+kef} Agf` ,BMA"$ bfyby} }lg} mexednpkef} kuy} qekgbf gf bf}ecqgdpgq} nh }le NGY gcefmg& Gy g hnddns+up }n }lebq kee}bfc sb}l y}ghh qecgqmbfc }lby y}umr$ }le Igqbaaegf mbpdnkg}bi medecg}bnfy }n }leNGY yef} g de}}eq }n Yefg}nq Ducgq ekplgybzbfc }le ybcfbhbigfie nh

NGY mexednpkef} pqncqgky }n }lebq bf}eqey} bf }le NGY ,de}}eq g}+}gilem bf Gppefmb| BB"&Bh }le NGY by }n kgbf}gbf }le yuppnq} nh gdd kekaeq+y}g}ey$ b}

ylnudm e|gkbfe b}y gcefmg }npbi ar }npbi$ pqncqgk ar pqncqgk$kgfmg}e ar kgfmg}e }n me}eqkbfe slbil inf}qbau}e }n }le xbgabd+b}r nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf gy g slnde$ g peqkgfef} qepqeyef}g}bxe }ndmy}ghh& Gy Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd Bfyudzg gi`fnsdemcem bf lby bfgucuqgdypeeil$ }le NGY qewubqey g }gqce}em gcefmg gfm g cqeg}eq dbf`+gce ae}seef kgfmg}ey gfm }le aumce} bf nqmeq }n aeinke knqe eh+hei}bxe& G pnyb}bxe y}ep bf }lby mbqei}bnf by }le iqeg}bnf nh g snq`bfccqnup }n me}eqkbfe kekaeq+y}g}ey pqbnqb}bey hnq }le 1?77 aumce}&77 Knqenxeq$ giinqmbfc }n NGY yefbnq nhhbibgdy$ }le Cefeqgd Yeiqe}gqbg}pdgfy }n knxe }nsgqmy g qeyud}y+agyem aumce} nxeq }le fe|} }snregqy }lg} sbdd ekplgybze nu}pu}y gfm nu}inkey& Bf Meiekaeq1??2$ }le _eqkgfef} Inufibd gmnp}em g qeyndu}bnf ey}gadbylbfc ghnqkgd dbf`gce ae}seef }le gffugd hnqkudg}bnf gfm gmnp}bnf nh

XeqMg}e Fnx 1= 1??< 71:57 Jgf 18$ 1?7? J } ?????? _N ????? Hqk ???77 Hk} 8899 Yhk} 8899 L:TMNIYTNGY&]\] Kb eAA _yF: KB@EA

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8

71 _eqbfg$ Quaef& ]le Qnde nh }le Nqcgfbzg}bnf nh Gkeqbigf Y}g}ey& _qn}ei}bfc Mekniqgir: Bf}eqfg}bnfgd Qeypnfyey& Emy& Knq}nf L& Lgdpeqbf gfm Kbqfg Cgdbi& Dgflgk$ KM: De|bfc}nfAnn`y$ 1??5& 713737&

79 _biinfe$ ]lenmnqe J& Bf}eqfg}bnfgd Keilgfbyky hnq _qn}ei}bfc Mekniqgir& _qn}ei}bfc Me+kniqgir: Bf}eqfg}bnfgd Qeypnfyey& Emy& Knq}nf L& Lgdpeqbf gfm Kbqfg Cgdbi& Dgflgk$ KM: De|+bfc}nf Ann`y$ 1??5& 7?78&

qeyndu}bnfy ar }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr gfm }le aumce} gfm hufmbfcpqnieyy nh }le NGY& ]le qeyud} ylnudm ae g idegq mehbfb}bnf nh }lee|pei}em nu}inkey hnq egil qeyndu}bnf gmnp}em g} }le gffugd yey+ybnf nh }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr$ gf gyyeyykef} nh }le iny} nh bkpde+kef}bfc }le qeyndu}bnf$ b}y hnqkgd bfinqpnqg}bnf bf}n }le aumce}pqnieyy$ gfm gf bmef}bhbig}bnf nh }le hufmbfc ynuqie&

Meypb}e }leye pnyb}bxe y}epy$ }le NGY sbdd hgie g ag}}de nxeqaumce} iu}y bf 1?7?& Sb}l }le Qeyeqxe Yuahufm e|lguy}em$ nfe peq+kgfef} qepqeyef}g}bxe pqembi}em g }qgbf sqei`$ slbde gfn}leqbf}eqxbesee meyiqbaem adnnmde}}bfc hqnk gf gdqegmr degf aumce}&Idegqdr$ }le NGY igf fn dnfceq pny}pnfe mbhhbiud} meibybnfy nf }leufyuy}gbfgade cgp ae}seef hufmbfc gfm kgfmg}ey&Yedei}bxe Bf}eqxef}bnf bf Mehefye nh Mekniqgir

Gy qedg}em bf }le agi`cqnufm yei}bnf$ }le NGY lgy y}qefc}lefemb}y decgd fnqky gfm pqniemuqey hnq }le mehefye nh mekniqgir bf }lepny}+Indm Sgq eqg& Bf pqgi}bie$ lnsexeq$ }le NGY lgy fn} mek+nfy}qg}em infyby}efir bf b}y }qeg}kef} nh }lqeg}y }n mekniqgir bf}le qecbnf& ]le NGY }efmy }n gi} meibybxedr bf qeypnfye }n }le bdde+cgd yebzuqe nh pnseq }lqnucl ufinfy}b}u}bnfgd kegfy$ yuil gy }leidegq+iu} yb}ug}bnf nh g kbdb}gqr inup& G mby}bfi} }lqeg} gqbyey slefmekniqgir by eqnmem cqgmugddr }lqnucl }le gauye nh infy}b}u}bnfgdpnseqy ar }lnye sln lndm }lek0 bf }leye bfy}gfiey$ }le NGY lgypqnxef qedui}gf} }n gi}&

Nf pgpeq$ }le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq mbhheqef}bg}eyae}seef ufinfy}b}u}bnfgd bf}eqqup}bnf gfm gd}eqg}bnf& 71 Gd}lnucl}leye yb}ug}bnfy gqe fn} idegqdr mehbfem$ }ler gqe uyugddr bf}eq+pqe}em }n mefn}e }qgmb}bnfgd kbdb}gqr inupy ,bf}eqqup}bnf" gfm }leufmeqkbfbfc nh mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfy ar edei}em nhhbibgdy ,gd}eq+g}bnf"& Bf }le igye nh }le dg}}eq }lqeg}$ gfr kekaeq+y}g}e kgr qe+wuey} g kee}bfc nh }le _eqkgfef} Inufibd }n gyyeyy }le yb}ug}bnf

inddei}bxedr gfm$ bh feieyygqr$ yefm g mbpdnkg}bi kbyybnf }n hny}eq}le qey}nqg}bnf nh mekniqgir ,Gq}bide 1? nh }le Mekniqg}bi Ilgq+}eq"& Bf }le igye nh gf ufinfy}b}u}bnfgd bf}eqqup}bnf gfm }le hgbduqenh mbpdnkg}bi bfb}bg}bxey$ g ypeibgd yeyybnf nh }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadrkgr yuypefm }le kekaeq+y}g}e hqnk }le NGY ,Gq}bide 17 nh }leMekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq"& ]le bkpe}uy hnq }leye pqnxbybnfy y}ekkemhqnk }le NGYy e|peqbefie bf _equ$ sleqe _qeybmef} Gdaeq}nHujbknqby eqnybnf nh mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfy$ iudkbfg}bfc bf edei+}nqgd kgfbpudg}bnf bf lby quf hnq g }lbqm }eqk bf 1???$ pqnxbmemcqnufmy hnq mexednpbfc g igpgib}r }n gmmqeyy fn} nfdr inup au} gdynfnf+inup yiefgqbny& 79

]le Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq gdyn y}qefc}lefem }le pqexef}bxe igpgi+b}bey nh }le nqcgfbzg}bnf ar gddnsbfc }le cnxeqfkef} nh g kekaeq+y}g}e }n qewuey} gyyby}gfie nh }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd nq _eqkgfef}Inufibd slef b} infybmeqy }lg} b}y mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfgd pqnieyynq b}y decb}bkg}e e|eqibye nh pnseq by g} qby` ,Gq}bide 73 nh }leMekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq"& Bf gmmb}bnf$ }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd nq }le_eqkgfef} Inufibd kgr$ sb}l }le infyef} nh }le cnxeqfkef} inf+

XeqMg}e Fnx 1= 1??< 71:57 Jgf 18$ 1?7? J } ?????? _N ????? Hqk ???71 Hk} 8899 Yhk} 8899 L:TMNIYTNGY&]\] Kb eAA _yF: KB@EA

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7= Innpeq$ Gfmqes H& gfm ]lnkgy Decdeq& Bf}eqxef}bnf Sb}lnu} Bf}eqxefbfc: ]le NGY Mehefyegfm _qnkn}bnf nh Mekniqgir bf }le Gkeqbigy> Fes Rnq`: _gdcqgxe Kgikbddgf$ 1??8&

75 Hnqkeq Indnkabgf _qeybmef} Ie ygq Cgxbqbg yeqxem gy Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd nh }le NGY hqnk722= }n 1??=&

78 ]le Bf}eq+Gkeqbigf Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq& Qepnq} nh }le Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd puqyugf} }n qeyn+du}bnfy GC.QEY& 175= gfm GC.QEY& 1157& _qeyef}em }n }le _eqkgfef} Inufibd& = Gpqbd 1??3&

ieqfem$ gqqgfce hnq xbyb}y nq n}leq gi}bnfy }n gfgdrze }le yb}ug}bnf$gfm gmnp} meibybnfy hnq }le pqeyeqxg}bnf gfm y}qefc}lefbfc nh }lemekniqg}bi yry}ek ,Gq}bide 7< nh }le Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq"& Up }ngfm bfidumbfc }le _equxbgf pndb}bigd iqbyby bf 1???$ }le NGY lgmaeef iqb}bibzem hnq g hbqehbcl}eq gppqngil$ hniuybfc nf e|}bf+cubylbfc hudd+adnsf iqbyey slef }ler bcfb}em qg}leq }lgf pqe+xef}bfc }lek aehnqe }ler hdgqem up& 7=

Ybfie }le bkpdekef}g}bnf nh }le Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq bf 1??7$ gypeibgd yeyybnf nh }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr lgy infxefem nfdr }sbie$bf qeypnfye }n kbdb}gqr nxeq}lqnsy bf Xefezuedg bf 1??1 gfm Lnf+muqgy bf 1??2& ]leye iqbyey qexegdem }le ylnq}inkbfcy nh }le NGYymehefye nh mekniqgir& Bf an}l igyey$ }le NGY qegi}em hnqiehuddr }n}le mekniqg}bi bf}eqqup}bnf$ re} b} lgm meknfy}qgadr hgbdem }n qe+ypnfm }n }le eqnybnf nh mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfy ar edei}em pqeyb+mef}y }lg} pqeiemem }le inupy&

Bf Xefezuedg$ kud}bpde ybcfy nh mekniqg}bi seg`efbfc gfm pndb}+bigd }efybnf pqeiemem }le nuy}eq nh _qeybmef} Lucn Ilg xez nf Gpqbd77$ 1??1& Re} }le NGY mbm fn} }g`e gfr pqexef}bxe kegyuqey }lg}kbcl} lgxe efinuqgcem }le Xefezuedgf Cnxeqfkef} }n hnkef} mbg+dncue qg}leq }lgf infhqnf}g}bnf sb}l b}y kgfr pnseqhud bf}eqfgdiqb}biy& Bfy}egm$ mnkey}bi pndb}bigd }uqknbd inf}bfuem }n aubdm$ gfmhnddnsbfc }le xbndef} aqeg`up nh g kgyybxe kgqil nf }le pqeyb+mef}bgd pgdgie }le kbdb}gqr ybmem sb}l g mbxeqye ingdb}bnf nh pndb}+bigd$ ibxbd ynibe}r$ gfm auybfeyy degmeqy }n yee` }le qeknxgd nh _qeyb+mef} Ilg xez hqnk pnseq& ]le hnqkudg ilnyef }n qepdgie _qeybmef}Ilg xez idegqdr xbndg}em }le Xefezuedgf infy}b}u}bnf& Bfxn`bfc }leMekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq$ }le _eqkgfef} Inufibd infmekfem }le inup$mbypg}ilem Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd Ie ygq Cgxbqbg }n Igqgigy }n bfxey+}bcg}e }le yb}ug}bnf gfm aecbf mbpdnkg}bi ehhnq}y$ gfm infxn`em gypeibgd yeyybnf nh }le Cefeqgd Gyyekadr& 75 Ar }le }bke }le Cefeqgd

Gyyekadr ke}$ _qeybmef} Lucn Ilg xez lgm gdqegmr aeef qey}nqem

}n pnseq& Bf }le sg`e nh }le iqbyby$ }le NGY sgy ufgade }n na}gbfinfyef} hqnk }le Xefezuedgf Cnxeqfkef} }n kgbf}gbf b}y pqeyefienf }le cqnufm uf}bd }le pndb}bigd yb}ug}bnf nfie gcgbf me}eqbnqg}embf }le dgy} wugq}eq nh 1??1&

Gy Yeiqe}gqr Cefeqgd Bfyudzg sqn}e bf g qepnq} }n }le _eqkgfef}Inufibd bf 1??3$ }le Mekniqg}bi Ilgq}eq pqnxem bfehhei}bxe bf Xef+ezuedg bf Gpqbd 1??1$ slef }le NGY sgy ufgade }n pqexef} }leinup gcgbfy} }le infy}b}u}bnfgd _qeybmef}$ nq }n pqnmuie gfr qeyndu+}bnf nf }le qup}uqe nh mekniqgir aehnqe }le inuf}qr qe}uqfem }nfnqkgd&78 ]le Xefezuedgf igye bdduy}qg}em }le mbhhbiud}bey bf yuy+}gbfbfc pqexef}bxe nq hnddns+up mbpdnkgir aeiguye nh }le Mekn+iqg}bi Ilgq}eqy qewubqekef} nh ar bfxb}g}bnf nfdr& B} gdyn ufmeq+yinqem }le NGYy qedbgfie nf e|eiu}bxe ynxeqebcf}r0 fn aqgfil nh cnxeqfkef} n}leq }lgf }le e|eiu}bxe lgy bfxn`em }le Mekniqg}biIlgq}eq }n pqexef} g aqeg`mnsf nh mekniqgir& Bf kgfr igyey$ lns+exeq$ }le e|eiu}bxe aqgfil b}yedh }lqeg}efy mekniqg}bi bfy}b}u}bnfy&

Bf Lnfmuqgy$ g inup nuy}em _qeybmef} Kgfued Zedgrg nf Jufe 1

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