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Personality

Organization behavior

By:- Neha Gupta

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Chapter 2

Individual Differences

AbilityPersonality

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Figure 2.1 Nature and Nurture: The Determinants of

Personality

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The Nature of Personality

Personality Develops over a persons lifetime

Generally stable in the context of work

Can influence career choice, job satisfaction, stress,

leadership, and even performance

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Figure 2.2 The Interaction of Personality and Situational

Factors

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MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITYI. Biological Contributions: The role of heredity. Managerial thinking. Physical characteristics and rate of maturing.

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MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITYII. Cultural ContributionsIII. Contributions from the Family. Parental influence. Birth-Order-Data.

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The Interaction of Personality and Situational

Factors

Strong situational pressuresPersonality may not predict behavior

Example: enforcement of rules Weak Situational pressures

Personality may predict behavior Example: Customer sales reps

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Ben Schneiders Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA)

Framework

Employee personalities = Organizationalpersonality

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Ben Schneiders Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA)

Framework

Individuals with similar personalities tend to be

attracted to an organization (Attraction) and hired

by it (Selection) and individuals with other types ofpersonalities tend to leave the organization

(Attrition)

Examples

Advantages and Disadvantages

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Figure 2.3 The Big Five Model of Personality

Extraversion

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Openness toExperience

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Extraversion (Positive Affectivity)

Personality trait that predisposes individuals to

experience positive emotional states and feel good

about themselves and the world around them

Extraverts Introverts

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Neuroticism (Negative Affectivity)

Personality trait that reflects peoples tendency to

experience negative emotional states, feel distressed,

and generally view themselves and the world around

them negatively

High Low

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Agreeableness

Personality trait that captures the distinction

between individuals who get along well with other

people and those who do not

High Low

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Conscientiousness

Personality trait that describes the extent to which

an individual is careful, scrupulous, and persevering

High Low

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Figure 2.8 Personality Traits Relevant to

Organizations

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Locus of Control

Internal External

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Self-Monitoring

The extent to which people try to control the way

they present themselves to others

High Low

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Self-Esteem

Personality trait that describes the extent to which

people have pride in themselves and their

capabilities.

High Low

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Type A versus Type B Personality

Type A individuals have an intense desire to

achieve, are extremely competitive, have a sense of

urgency, are impatient, and can be hostile

Type B individuals are more relaxed and easy going

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McClellands Learned Needs

Managers should have a high need for achievement and power.

Need forAchievement Need forAffiliation

Need forPower

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Assess your own personalitywith the major personality

attributes influencing OB

Locus of control: internal.external Machiavellianism lowhigh Self-Esteem: low.high Self-Monitoring low.high Risk Taking low..high Type A Personality BA