Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians®

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians®

Supplement/Updated Slides

ASBP anticipates each new version of the Obesity Algorithm will be released annually in January and will incorporate input from the prior year. During the year, interim new slides may be created, reflecting new science or new sections. These supplemental slides will be posted on www.ObesityAlgorithm.org. They can be downloaded and cited in the same way as the Obesity Algorithm.

The numbering of new interim slides correspond to anticipated insertion into the next year’s version of the Obesity Algorithm. For example, if an interim new slide is anticipated to replace an existing slide, then it will have the same number as the existing slide followed by a capital “R” (i.e., a supplement slide numbered “35R” will ultimately replace the existing slide 35). If interim slides are anticipated to be inserted after an existing slide, then the interim slides will have the same number as the existing slide followed by sequential lowercase lettering (i.e., supplement slides numbered “35a,” “35b,” etc., will be inserted after slide 35).

PermissionsThe American Society of Bariatric Physicians owns the copyright to the Obesity Algorithm but invites you to use the slide set. Access to the Obesity Algorithm content and/or permission for extensive quoting or reproducing excerpts and for the reproduction and use of copyrighted text, images, or entire slides will not be granted until the requestor has signed the copyright consent and permission agreement available at www.ObesityAlgorithm.org. ASBP reserves the right to deny a request for permission to use the Obesity Algorithm.

CitationSeger JC, Horn DB, Westman EC, Primack C, Schmidt SL, Ravasia D, McCarthy W, Ferguson U, Sabowitz BN, Scinta W, Bays HE. Obesity Algorithm, presented by the American Society of Bariatric Physicians. 2014-2015 www.obesityalgorithm.org (Accessed=[insert date])

Eating Disorders and Obesity

• Frequent episodes of consuming large amounts of food more than once per week for at least three months– No self-induced vomiting (purging)– No extra exercising– Feelings of lack of self control, shame, and guilt

• Occurs in 2-3 percent of U.S. adults

• Often considered the most common eating disorder

• May occur in up to 50 percent of patients with severe obesity

• Eating Attitudes Test may assist with diagnosis

• Treatment:– Cognitive behavior therapy– Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is the only pharmacotherapy with an FDA indication to treat

binge-eating disorder– Although not FDA indicated for this use, clinical trials suggest other pharmacotherapies may

be efficacious• Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors• Topiramate

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 109R

Binge-eating Disorder

Reference/s: [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144]

Eating Disorders and Obesity

• At least 25 percent of daily food consumption (often greater than 50 percent) consumed after evening meal

• Recurrent awakenings from sleep that require eating to go back to sleep, often involving carbohydrate-rich snacks

• Little interest in breakfast (morning anorexia)

• Night eating may occur in as much as 5 percent of the U.S. population

• Treatment: – Behavioral therapy regarding nutritional timing and content

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 111R

Night-eating Syndrome

Reference/s: [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144]

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

Indications and Use• Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a central nervous system stimulant

indicated for the treatment of:‒ Moderate to severe binge-eating disorder (BED)‒ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Limitations: ‒ Not indicated for weight loss; safety and effectiveness for the treatment

of obesity have not been established• Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule II drug• Dosing for BED: Once in the morning with or without food. Avoid afternoon

doses. Capsule may be opened and mixed with yogurt, water, or orange juice (see drug interactions).

‒ Starting dose = 30 mg every morning for one week‒ Titration dose = 50 mg every morning for one week‒ Top dose = 70 mg every morning‒ Recommended dose = 50-70 mg every morning‒ Severe renal impairment: Maximum dose is 50 mg per day‒ End-stage renal disease: Maximum dose is 30 mg per day

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 143a

Reference/s: [http://pi.shirecontent.com/PI/PDFs/Vyvanse_USA_ENG.pdf]

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

Potential Drug Interactions• Agents that alter urinary pH can alter blood levels of amphetamine

‒ Acidifying agents decrease amphetamine blood levels (e.g., ascorbic acid)

‒ Alkalinizing agents increase amphetamine blood levels (e.g., sodium bicarbonate)

• Concurrent administration with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition may contribute to hypertensive crisis

Pharmacokinetics• Lisdexamfetamine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract,

converted to dextroamphetamine and l-lysine primarily in the blood due to the hydrolytic activity of red blood cells

• Lisdexamfetamine is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes• Approximately 96 percent of oral dose radioactivity is recovered in the urine

(42 percent related to amphetamine, 25 percent to hippuric acid, and 2 percent to intact lisdexamfetamine).

• Plasma elimination half-life is less than one hour

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 143b

Reference/s: [http://pi.shirecontent.com/PI/PDFs/Vyvanse_USA_ENG.pdf]

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

Potential Adverse Experiences• Most common adverse reactions:

‒ Anorexia‒ Anxiety‒ Decreased appetite‒ Decreased weight‒ Diarrhea‒ Dizziness‒ Dry mouth‒ Irritability‒ Insomnia‒ Nausea‒ Upper abdominal pain‒ Vomiting‒ Increased heart rate‒ Constipation‒ Feeling jittery

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 143c

Reference/s: [http://pi.shirecontent.com/PI/PDFs/Vyvanse_USA_ENG.pdf]

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

Contra-indications• Central nervous system stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate-

containing products), including lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, have high potential for abuse and dependence

• The risk of abuse should be assessed prior to prescribing• Patients should be monitored for signs of abuse and dependence while on

therapy• Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions, Stevens-Johnson

Syndrome, angioedema, and urticarial) to amphetamine products or other ingredients in lisdexamfetamine dimesylate

• Use with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor or within 14 days of the last MAO inhibitor dose

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 143d

Reference/s: [http://pi.shirecontent.com/PI/PDFs/Vyvanse_USA_ENG.pdf]

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

Warnings• Serious cardiovascular reactions

‒ Due to reports of sudden death in children and adolescents with serious heart problems, as well as sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction in adults, avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious hearth arrhythmia, or coronary artery disease

• Blood pressure and heart rate increases‒ Blood pressure and pulse should be monitored. Benefits and risks should be

considered before use in patients for whom blood pressure increases may be problematic.

• Psychiatric adverse reactions‒ May cause psychotic or manic symptoms in patients with no prior history, or

exacerbation of symptoms in patients with pre-existing psychosis. Evaluate for bipolar disorder prior to stimulant use.

• Suppression of growth‒ Height and weight should be monitored in pediatric patients during

treatment• Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon

‒ Stimulants are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with stimulants.

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians® 143e

Reference/s: [http://pi.shirecontent.com/PI/PDFs/Vyvanse_USA_ENG.pdf]

Obesity Algorithm®, ©2014‐2015 American Society of Bariatric Physicians®