Obesity & Supplements

The Fight Against Body Fat

- Michael Dellogono -

A Growing Epidemic

• What is “Obese”?

- BMI > 30

• 33% of America is obese

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2010

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

GrowthMidsection to Wallet

Obesity Related Disease

- Leading cause of death

Medial Cost

- 2008 = $147 Billion!

Industry Growth

• 2006 - $22.5 Billion

• 2009 - $26.9 Billion

Dietary Supplements

SupplementsWeight Loss or Profit ?

Safe and Effective?

- Massive weight loss claims- “Ripped” models

- “Clinically Researched”

The Asterisk *

Top Ingredients

• Green Tea

• Caffeine

• Guarna

• Phenylethylamine

• Guggulsterones

Green Tea• One of worlds most commonly consumed beverages

Claims • Boosts immune system• Cancer fighting • Reduced Cardiovascular mortality (JAMA)• Improved Cognition

Weight Loss

•Green Tea vs Placebo

•24hrs - Respiratory Chamber

•50mg Caffeine

•90mg Green Tea

•Green Tea : -8.2lbs/year!

1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 4.184 kilojoules (kJ)

Abdul G Dulloo,Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040–5

What’s Burning?

•Placebo - Fat: 31.6% , CHO: 55.1%

•Green Tea - Fat 41.5%, CHO: 45.2%

Habitual Intake

Habitual tea consumption = 434mL/d - 19.6% reduction in body fat - 2.1% reduction in waist to hip ratio

Mechanism

Caffeine

12% Elevation in metabolic rate is seen

with caffeine

4mg/kg caffeine

Increased Fat Utilization

• FFA levels increased with caffeine supplementation

ACHESON et alThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33: MAY 1980, pp. 989-997. Printed in U.S

Guarana

• Native Plant of Amazon Basin

• Primarily used as stimulant

• Commonly found in energy drinks

Guarana - Habitual intake

Disease Impact

•Decreased hypertension

•Obesity

•Metabolic Syndrome

• 2.5-5% Caffeine: Coffee bean 1-2%

Guarana & Cognition

• Cognitive Drug Research assessment

• 75mg Guarana

• Speed of Attention

• Speed of memory

• Secondary memory factor

D.O. Kennedy et al. / Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 79 (2004) 401–411

Guarna for Weight Loss

• Increased time to fatigue in mice - caffeine?

• Associated with lower prevalence of disease

• Hypertension, metabolic disease, obesity

• More data needed as weight loss supplement

Phenylethylamine

• Monoamine Neurotransmitter

• Resembles amphetamine

• Potentiates neuronal response

• High amounts in chocolate

Phenylethylamine

• Low levels with depression

• Modulates release of NE and dopamine

- weight control?

• Increased with aerobic exercise

- “Runners High”

Guggulsterone

• Traditional medicine most common in India

• Used for arthritis, inflammation, obesity, lipid metabolism

Gugglesterone

• HDL decreased - LDL increased!

NO CHANGE IN WEIGHT!Philippe O. Szapary, MD, Guggulipid for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia A Randomized Controlled Trial, JAMA, August 13, 2003—Vol 290, No. 6

Current Research!

• April issue of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

• Is there evidence?

4 Categories

•Absorption Blockers: CHO and Fat

•Stimulants: Increased Metabolism

•Nutrient Partitioning

•Appetite Suppressants

Absorption Blockers

Stimulants: Increased Metabolism

Nutrient Partitioning

Appetite Suppressants

Article Conclusion

• “Currently, there is no strong body of research evidence indicating that one specific supplement will produce significant weight loss (~2–4 kg), especially in the long term. A number of supplements such as green tea, fiber, and low-fat dairy products may complement a healthy lifestyle to prevent weight gain over time.”

Manore, Melinda. "Dietary Supplements for Improving Body Composition and Reducing Body Weight: Where Is the Evidence?" International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22. (2012): 139-154. Print.

Take Home Message

•Their is no magic pill!

•Supplements are just that

- They supplement good diet and exercise

•Question big claims!

•Most supplements need more research!

•Understand what you are taking!

•More is not necessarily better!

Supplement Industry

• More research needed!

• Novel ideas needed!

• Effectiveness over profit!

QUESTIONS