Software Licenses & CopyrightObjective: “I can understand and identify software

licenses and copyright”

1. Software Copyright

• Software copyright is used by companies to prevent the unauthorized copying of their software.

• Free and open source licenses also rely on copyright law to enforce their terms.

• Copyleft is a type of copyright license that allows redistributing the work (with or without changes) on condition that recipients are also granted these rights.

2. Proprietary Software (also called closed source)

• Proprietary software (software you purchase) or closed source software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder.

• The licensee (one who purchases the software) is given the right to use the software only under certain conditions, and restricted from other uses, such as modification, sharing, studying, redistribution, or reverse engineering.

List (5) five of your favorite games that are proprietary software.

3. Commercial Software (also called payware)

• Commercial software, or sometimes called “payware,” is computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial or business purposes.

List (5) five commercial software packages.

4. Shareware (also called trialware or demoware)

• Shareware (also called trialware or demoware) is proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and may be functional for a limited time period only.

• Shareware is often offered as a download from a website usually indicated as “Try.”

• Shareware gives buyers the opportunity to use the program and judge its usefulness before purchasing a license for the full version of the software.

5. Free and Open-source software

• Free and open-source software (FOSS) is software that is both free software and open source.

• It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its source code.

• Free refers to the freedom to copy and re-use the software, rather than to the price of the software.

List (5) free software packages.

6. Public Domain Software

• Public domain software is software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words there is absolutely no ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent.

• “Public domain" may also be used to mean free, as in having no cost.

• Public domain means that the creator of the work, with no strings attached, has given up all rights to the work.

• It means that you may do anything with the work that you want - read it, publish it, put it on CD-ROM, change it.

• Public domain doesn't mean a work is owned by no one; it means it is owned by everyone.

Ethics in Computer andSoftware Usage

Objective: “I can understand software licenses and copyright, freeware vs. shareware, and computer ethics.”

1. 10 Commandments of Computer Ethics

1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.

2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.

3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's computer files.

4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.

5. Thou shalt not use a computer to false witness.

6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.

7. Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.

8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.

9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.

10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

2. Computer Ethics

• Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual.

• Computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers.

• Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted electronic content), privacy concerns, and how computers affect society.

3. Intellectual Property Rights

• While it is easy to duplicate copyrighted electronic (or digital) content, computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to do so without the author's approval.

• Intellectual Property Rights include: Patents, Database rights, Trademarks, Copyright, Performers Rights, Design Rights.

4. Software Piracy

• Software Piracy is using software that is not registered to you, copied from someone else, or you did NOT purchase. It’s both illegal and unethical.

5. Privacy Concerns

• While it may be possible to access someone's personal information on a computer system, computer ethics would advise that such an action is unethical.

6. How Computers Affect Society

• As technology advances, computers continue to have a greater impact on society.

• Computer ethics promotes the discussion of how much influence computers should have in areas such as artificial intelligence and human communication.

Viruses, Spyware, & Malware

Objective: “I can identify, protect, and remove computer viruses.”

TypesHow to protect your computer

How to remove

1. Types of Viruses

• Trojan Horse: Secretly the program performs other, undesired functions. A Trojan Horse neither replicates nor copies itself. A Trojan Horse must be sent by someone or carried by another program and may arrive in the form of a joke program or software of some sort.

• Worms: A worm is a program that makes and facilitates the distribution of copies of itself; for example, from one disk drive to another, or by copying itself using email or another transport mechanism.

• Rootkit Virus: A rootkit virus is an undetectable virus which attempts to allow someone to gain control of a computer system. The term rootkit comes from the Linux administrator root user. These viruses are usually installed by Trojans and are normally disguised as operating system files.

2. How can I Protect My Computer Against Viruses

• Install an antivirus program. Installing an antivirus program and keeping it up to date can help defend your computer against viruses.

• Do not open suspicious e‑mail attachments. Many viruses are attached to e‑mail messages and will spread as soon as you open the e‑mail attachment. Do not open e-mail from someone that’s unfamiliar to you.

• Keep Windows updated. Periodically, Microsoft releases special security updates that can help protect your computer. These updates can help prevent viruses and other computer attacks by closing possible security holes. Make sure that Windows receives these updates by turning on Windows automatic updating (choose Control Panel, Automatic Updates).

• Use a firewall. Windows Firewall or any other firewall can help alert you to suspicious activity if a virus or worm attempts to connect to your computer. It can also block viruses, worms, and hackers from attempting to download potentially harmful programs to your computer (choose Control Panel, Windows Firewall).

3. How Can I Remove a Computer Virus?

• We all know malware is out there. Malware (also called Spyware & Adware) includes applications that spy on you, corrupt your data, destroy your hard drive or give control of your machine to someone thousands of miles away.

• How can I tell if my computer has a virus? If you answer “Yes” to any of the following questions, then you probably have a virus (or Malware) Is your computer running very slowly? Are you getting unexpected messages, or are programs starting automatically? Is your modem or hard disk working overtime?

• If your computer is infected with a virus, you'll want to remove it as quickly as possible. A fast way to check for viruses is to use an online scanner, such as the Microsoft Safety Scanner (http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/en-us/default.aspx). The scanner is a free online service that helps you identify and remove viruses, clean up your hard disk, and generally improve your computer's performance.

Identifying Popular Software

Objective: “I can understand, evaluate, and use computer software.”

1. What are .exe files?

• Executable files that end in the “.exe” extension are the actual program files. This is the startup file that begins software.

• For example: To start Word, the startup file is named WINWORD.EXE. If you navigate to the file in the Windows File System C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14 just double-click on the WINWORD.EXE file and Word will open.

• Try this with EXCEL.EXE & POWERPNT.EXE … What happens?

• Navigate to C:\Windows and double-click on NOTEPAD.EXE … What happens?

NOTE: In Windows 7, software programs are also found in C:\Program Files(x86)

2. Word Processing Software

• Word Processing software is software which processes words. It is used to type letters, documents, reports, etc. Microsoft Word, OpenOffice Writer, WordPad, and Notepad are some examples.

• Microsoft Word uses some of the following file extensions:– .docx (latest Microsoft Word document extension), “document1.docx”– .doc (older Word 1997-2013 document extension), “document1.doc”– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers),

“document1.pdf”

• Open Office Writer uses the .sdw file extension, “document.sdw”• Notepad uses the .txt file extension, “document1.txt”• WordPad uses the .rtf (Rich Text Format) file extension,

“document1.rtf”

3. Spreadsheet Software

• A spreadsheet is simply a digital calculator. Spreadsheets are a table of values arranged in rows and columns. Each value sits in a cell. You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one another. The relationships between cells are called formulas, and the names of the cells are called labels.

• Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Calc, and Google Spreadsheet are some examples of spreadsheet software.

• Microsoft Excel uses some of the following file extensions:– .xlsx (latest Microsoft Excel spreadsheet extension), “sheet1.xlsx”– .xls (older Excel 1997-2013 spreadsheet extension), “sheet1.xls”– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers), “sheet1.pdf”

• OpenOffice uses the .ods (Open Spreadsheet) file extension, “sheet1.ods”• Google Spreadsheet can be exported as any of the above extensions.

4. Presentation Software

• A presentation program is a software package used to display information in the form of a slide show. It has three major functions: (1) An editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted, (2) A method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, and (3) A slide-show system to display the content.

• Microsoft PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, Google Presentation, and Prezi are some examples of presentation software.

• Microsoft PowerPoint uses some of the following file extensions:– .pptx (latest Microsoft PowerPoint extension), “pres1.pptx”– .ppt (older Microsoft PowerPoint extension), “pres1.ppt”– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers), “pres1.pdf”

• OpenOffice Impress uses the .odp (Open Document Presentation) file extension, “pres1.odp”

• Google Presentation can be exported as any of the above extensions.

5. Database Software

• A database is an organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels). Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data.

• Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, MySQL, and Oracle are some examples of database software.

• Microsoft Access uses some of the following file extensions:– .accdb (latest Microsoft Access extension), “database1.accdb”– .mdb (older Microsoft Access extension), “database1.mdb”

• OpenOffice Base uses the .odb (Open Document Database) file extension, “database1.odb”

6. Graphics Software

• Graphics software (or image editing software) enables a person to manipulate visual images on a computer. Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct categories: raster or bitmap graphics (pixels) and vector graphics (based on mathematical expressions).

• Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, Flash, Gimp (free), and Google Picasa (free), are some examples of graphics software.

• All graphics software use some of the following file extensions:– .bmp (bitmap, oldest format, used with low-resolution clip art)– .jpg (compressed, used for photos and with digital cameras)– .gif (transparent and may be animated)– .png (portable network graphic, free, open-source, higher quality than a .gif)– .tiff (not compressed, photograph file standard used in the printing business

7. Multimedia Software• Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation,

and video to create an interactive presentation in its final form.• Multimedia presentations may be viewed by person on stage, projected,

transmitted, or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed. Streaming multimedia may be live or on-demand.

• Multimedia games and simulations may be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer, game system, or simulator.

• Adobe SoundBooth, Premiere Pro, Director, Audacity (free), Final Cut Pro, and Windows Movie Maker (free) are some examples of multimedia software.

• All multimedia software use some of the following file extensions:

– .wmv (Windows Media Video foramt, developed by Microsoft)– .mp4 (Digital Multimedia format used to store video and audio)– .mov (QuickTime Movie format, developed by Apple)– .mp3 (format for digital audio)– .avi (both audio and video data in a file developed by Microsoft)– .flv (Flash Video is the standard for online video)

• .ZIP is an archive file format that supports data compression. A .ZIP file may contain one or more files or folders that may have been compressed.

• .ZIP files and folders are often used to increase the speed of uploading or downloading from the internet.

• .ZIP files and folders can also be used as e-mail attachments.• To ZIP a file or folder, go to the computer’s file system and right-click on

the folder or file to be compressed. Choose “Send To” then “Compressed (zipped) folder.

8. What are .zip files and folders?