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Objective measurementsof light trespass and surfaces
Marc GilletProf. Rombouts (Univ. Brussels)
with collabor. Univ. Berlin (prof. Kaase)
Main ConclusionsMain Conclusions
1. Precise Algorithm and measurement system to calculate upward flux
2. Reduction of SKY GLOW is FIRST
A QUESTION OF PERFORMANCEA QUESTION OF PERFORMANCE
i.e REDUCE the installed lumen package for the same “lighting levels”
Main Conclusions (II)Main Conclusions (II)
Therefore :
---> interest for dimminginterest for dimming to reach “J.N” flux
---> interest for an “in situ” interest for an “in situ” roadpavement measurement roadpavement measurement systemsystem (to minimize installed flux)
SummarySummary
1. Introduction2. Algorithm3. Measurements4. Calculations
1. Introduction1. Introduction
• Many authors work with reflection• Assumptions for ”” • Wide variation
= 0.07 = 0.10 = 0.18
2. Algorithm (I)2. Algorithm (I)
= r / i
• L p = q (, ) . E p
r =(, nature of road).E.dS
= (i.dS).E i
Algorithm (II) / case of a roadAlgorithm (II) / case of a road
ROAD
Surround
3. Measurements (I)3. Measurements (I)
X
P
750
P´’
BaffleDetector
Sample
Measurements (II)Measurements (II)
Porous Asphalt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles
Ref
lect
ance
Asphalt 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 20 40 60 80
Gamma Angles
Ref
lect
ance
Measurements (III)Measurements (III)
Concrete
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles
Ref
lect
ance
Concrete
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles
Ref
lect
ance
Measurements (IV)Measurements (IV)
Reflectance
0
5
10
15
0 20 40 60 80
Gamma
refl
(%) Asphalt
Porous asph.
Concrete
Measurements (V)Measurements (V) Highly VARIABLE
• Increases with
• Lower for Asphalt than Concrete
• Flatter in the case of Concrete
4. Conditions of Calculations4. Conditions of Calculations
• Road Width = 7m• Overhang = -1m• Single sided arrangement• H=10m• Spacing optimized to obtain
->L=0.75cd/m²->U0 >40%->Ul > 60% ->TI < 15%
4. Conditions of Calculations (II)4. Conditions of Calculations (II)
• Dimming to obtain the “J.N”• various Light Distributions• Optimization on
• Asphalt• Porous Asphalt• Concrete
Calculation of t = d + r
4. Calculations (IV)4. Calculations (IV)103368
16469 8195 7555 9193 9152
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
bo
wl
po
or
refl
ecto
r
flat
gla
ss
curv
edg
lass
d.b
ow
l
refr
acto
r
bowl
poor reflector
flat glass
curved glass
d.bowl
refractor
TOTAL UPWARD FLUX
(Asphalt)
789
276192 171 205 136
0
100200
300400
500600
700800
bo
wl
po
or
refl
ecto
r
flat
gla
ss
cu
rved
gla
ss
d.b
ow
l
refr
acto
r
bowl
poor reflector
flat glass
curved glass
d.bowl
refractor
INSTALLED
LAMP KLM/KM
4. Calculations (V)4. Calculations (V)
16469
81957555
9193 9152
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000
po
or
refl
ecto
r
flat
gla
ss
curv
edg
lass
d.b
ow
l
refr
acto
r
poor reflector
flat glass
curved glass
d.bowl
refractor
TOTAL UPWARD FLUX
(Asphalt)
4. Calculations (VI)4. Calculations (VI)
02000400060008000
1000012000140001600018000
poor
refle
ctor
flat
glas
s
curv
edgl
ass
d.bo
wl
refr
acto
r
reflect. Flux
direct flux
REPARTITION OF FLUXES
4. Calculations (VII)4. Calculations (VII)
ave = reflect./(E.S)
with reflect from calculation tooland E from “lighting design soft.”
4. Calculations (VIII)4. Calculations (VIII)Asphalt 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 20 40 60 80
Gamma Angles
Ref
lect
ance
Ref. and C.g
= 7.4%
= 50°
Flat glass
= 7.2%
= 46°
4. Calculations (IX)4. Calculations (IX)
9729 957510654
13742
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
flat glas curved glass plexi refractor
TOTAL UPWARD FLUX (Porous Asphalt)
4. Calculations (X)4. Calculations (X)TOTAL UPWARD FLUX (Concrete)
12604 1257613621
15888
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
flat glas curved glass plexi refractor
6. Near Future 6. Near Future
• Refine analysis for surroundings
• CELMA guidance notes soon