Objective of this Unit

Unit 3 reviews the key structures (the grammar points) appeared in Unit 2 and Unit 1, and demonstrates different types of writing. We’ll focus on the structure analysis of different types of writing.

Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace

Objective: the usage of “do without” and “make do with”.

American Countryside

French Countryside

Dutch Countryside

Japanese Countryside

Chinese Countryside

I Warm up Are you from the city or from the

country?

Do you prefer to live in the city or in the country? Why?

II New words & Expressions rapture

(1) [U]n. The state of being transported by a lofty emotion; ecstasy; intense delight 着迷 ; 狂喜， 极度的欢喜

Phrase: with rapture

(2) [Often raptures, used in phrases]

be in raptures over/about sb./sth.,

go/fall into raptures over/about sb./sth.

对 ... 狂喜 , 对 ... 狂热 , 对 ... 着迷 , 对 ... 欣喜若狂

II New words & Expressionseg. We listened with rapture to the famous

scientist’s lecture.

我们凝神静听那位著名科学家的讲座。He gazed at the girl he loved with rapture.

他喜不自胜的看着自己心爱的姑娘。I’m in raptures about my new job.

我对我的新工作喜不可言。 She went into raptures at the news.

听到这个消息她欣喜若狂。

II New words & Expressions superior adj. Higher than another in rank,

station, or authority ； Of a higher nature or kind; Of great value or excellence; extraordinary;

上级的，在等级、地位或权威方面高于他人的；较好的，在质量或品种方面较高的；价值巨大或品质优越的； 较多的，比其他事物数目或总量更大的； 突出的；

eg. a superior officer 上级官员

a superior court 上级法院

II New words & Expressions superior adj.

Phrase: be superior to sth./sb.

eg. This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.

这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。

This machine is superior in many respects to that.

这台机器在很多方面比那台好。

The enemy forces were superior in numbers.

敌军在数量上占优势。 She speaks with a superior air.

她说话时带着一股优越感。A man should not only be superior to hardships,

but also be superior to temptations.

一个人不应该屈服于艰难困苦，而且也不应该 受

引诱。

II New words & Expressions inferior adj.

Phrase: be inferior to sth./sb.

eg. Captain is an inferior rank to major.

上尉是低于少校的一个官阶

He felt inferior to his older sibling.

他感到比他的兄妹们低一等。These goods are inferior to sample.

这些货物质地不如样品。His work is inferior to mine.

他的工作不如我的。

II New words & Expressions inferior adj. Low or lower in order, degree, or rank ； Low or

lower in quality, value, or estimation ； Second-rate; poor;

Situated under or beneath；下级的，下属的，在等级、程度或

官阶中低的或较低的；低等的，较差的，在质量、价值或估量大

小上低的；次等的；较劣的；

eg. an inferior court 初等法院 an inferior officer下级军官inferior goods 低档货 inferior limit 下限 ; 最小限度 an inferior student 劣等生

II New words & Expressions virtually adv.

(1) In fact or to all purposes; practically 实际上地 , 实质上地

eg. The city was virtually paralyzed.

这个城市实际上已陷于瘫痪状态。My book has virtually finished.

我的书实际上已写完了。

(2) Almost but not quite; nearly; pretty well 近乎 , 几乎 , 几乎是

eg. Virtually everyone gets a headache now and then?

每个人几乎都要不时地头疼。The two answers are virtually the same.

这两个答案几乎是一样的。

II New words & Expressions treat n. Something, such as one's food or entertainment,

that is paid for by someone else； A source of a special

delight or pleasure；款待 , 请客，招待； 使人愉快的事， 乐事，一

种特别的欣喜或乐趣来源

eg. This is my treat.

这次由我请客。

I stand treat.

我做东 .

It is a treat to meet you.

见到你真高兴。

A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.

对一个生活在城市中的人来说，在乡下呆上一天

真是一件乐事。Her birthday treat was a visit to the theatre.

她生日的开心事是去剧院。

II New words & Expressions treat v. 款待 , 请客，招待； 对待；谈论，谈判；说起Phrases: treat sb. to sth.

treat sb. as…

treat with sb. = talk with sb. 

treat of sth/ sb. = speak of, talk of

eg: It is pleasure to treat you to dinner.

  I treat him as my best friend.

I can not bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.

we speak /treat of tramps contemptuously

II New words & Expressions obstinate adj. Stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an

opinion, or a course of action; obdurate ； Difficult to

manage, control, or subdue; refractory； Difficult to alleviate

or cure 固执的，顽固的，固执地坚持某种态度、观点或一系列的行为；执迷不悟的；难于控制的，难于管理、控制或压制的；顽皮的；倔强的；难医治的，难于减轻或治愈的

eg. obstinate resistance 顽强的抵抗 an obstinate child 不听话的孩子

an obstinate headache 难以治愈的头痛 obstinately adv.

III Text Study

Please close your text books. Listen to the tape of the text carefully and try to answer the following question:

What particular anxiety spoils the country dweller’s visit to the theatre?

(The worry about whether they will ever catch the last train home.)

Read the text by yourselves and pay attention to the usage of “do without” and “make do with”.

III Text Study Explain the text:

Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow , the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

(1) Paraphrase: He maintains (that) nothing could be compared with the first cockcrow , the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

(2) structure: “he maintains” is an inserted phrase( 插 入语） .

(1) Phrase: compare (sth.) with sth. >

Sth. be compared with sth. (把… )和…比较compare (sth.) to sth. >

Sth. be compared to sth. (把… ) 比作…

III Text Study Explain the text:

(3) Phrase:

eg. He compared his plan with mine in his email and tried to convince me to accept his plan.

他在 email 中把他的计划跟我的进行了比较，试图说服我采用他的计划。Walking can't compare with flying. 走路比不上飞行。Living in a town can't be compared with living in the country in many respects.

在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。

My English cannot compare with his.

我的英文水平不如他。The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.

诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。A teacher is often compared to a candle.

教师常被比作蜡烛。

III Text Study Explain the text:

Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.

(1) Paraphrase: I couldn’t understand Why people are willing to spend four long hours each day on the way, just to enjoy the so-called advantage of living in the country.

(2) Structure: “Why” introduces a subjective clause.

“why” 引导主语从句。

III Text Study Explain the text:

(3) Phrases: beyond me: beyond my compression, beyond my understanding 我难以理解

eg. Why he left the company which provided him a good salary is beyond us.

Why he has chosen to lead a tramp’s life is beyond me.

Why he refuses to carry an umbrella even if it’s raining heavily outside is beyond us.

III Text Study Explain the text:

If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.

(1) Structure: “If” introduces a conditional clause. In the main clause, after verb “find” is an objective clause omitted “that”. “that life can offer” is an attributive clause to modify “the best (thing)”.

III Text Study Explain the text:

(2) Phrases: do without (sb./sth.): (used esp with can

and could) manage without (sb./sth.); go without (sb./sth.) 不用（某人 / 某物）也行，没有（某人 / 某物）也行

eg. He can’t do without the services of a secretary.

他不能没有秘书的协助。I can do without your advice.

我不需要你的忠告。

If we can’t afford a car, we’ll just have to do without (one).

我们要是买不起汽车，就只好不用（汽车）了。I know a little Japanese, so I can do without an interpreter.

我懂一点日语，所以没有翻译的帮助也行。

III Text Study

Explain the text: The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a

short bus ride away.

(1) Paraphrase: The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short distance away by bus.

It will take you only a short time to go to see the latest exhibitions, films, or plays by bus.

III Text Study Explain the text:

There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.

(1) Structure: “So … that” introduces an adverbial clause of result. “So … that” 引导结果状语从句。

(2) Phrase: second best 次的 , 二等的 , 仅次于最好的

eg. I like live music, for me, records are definitely second best.

我喜欢听现场演奏的音乐，听唱片可没那么好。

This is my second best suit.

这是我仅次于最好的那套西服。Did you watch the second-best performance of the tournament ？你看了联赛中仅次于最好的那一场了吗？

III Text Study Explain the text:

There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.

(2) Phrase: make do (with sth.): make (sth.) do, manage (with sth. that is not really adequate or satisfactory) 用某事物勉强应付，将就，凑合

eg. We were in a hurry, so we had to make do with a quick snack.

我们时间很紧，所以只好将就着吃了顿小吃。

There isn’t much of it, but you will have to make do (with it).

东西不多，你只好将就了。The hotel isn’t what we wanted, but we must make

do (with it).

这家旅馆不是我们想住的地方，但我们得将就一下。

III Text Study Explain the text: Few things could be more impressive than the peace that

descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.

(1) Paraphrase: During weekdays thousands of people travel to work every day, but at weekends they are concealed in their homes in the country. So the city streets are very quiet at weekends. Nothing can leave a stronger impact than this kind of peace.

(2) Structure: The first “that” introduces an attributive clause to modify “the peace”; inside the attributive clause “when” introduces another attributive clause to modify “weekends”; again inside the second attributive clause the second “that” introduce still another attributive clause to modify “the thousands (of people)”.

III Text Study Explain the text:

It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.

(1) Paraphrase: The city dwellers appreciate all these things in the city, but why do they stubbornly pretend that they would prefer to live in the country? This is something that I always wonder about.

(2) Structure: “It” is the form subject; the subjective clause “why…” is the real subject. Inside the subjective clause “who” introduces an attributive clause to modify “city dwellers”; again inside the attributive clause “that” introduce an objective clause after verb “pretend”.

III Text Study The literary type/genre of this text: an

argumentative essay (a short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author)

小品文，随笔 (内容通常论及一个主题的短小文章，通常表达作者个人的观点 )

Thesis( 主 题 ） : Those who appreciate all the conveniences in the city but pretend to prefer to live in the country are just having illusions of pastoral peace.

III Text Study In paragraph 1, the writer expresses his opinion directly by putting

forward the topic sentence---“The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me”. Then he proves his idea by comparing his attitude with those of most of his friends’ and by comparing the advantages of life in the country from his friend’s point of view with the disadvantages of life in the country from his point of view.

In paragraph 2, again the first sentence--- “If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.” is the topic sentence. Then he talks about the advantages of living in the city in contrast to the disadvantages of living in the country. Finally the writer sums up his viewpoint “It has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.”

IV Drills & Exercises

Read the text after the tape. Pay attention to the stress and intonation and where to stop.

Look for the answer in the text individually first, then try to answer the comprehension questions without looking at the text. (P193 Comprehension)

Key to Vocabulary

extol the virtues: praise the good things, praise the advantages

illusion: delusion, false idea, false belief superior to: much better than maintains: affirms, says, argues glinting: shining in small flashes, glittering tolerate: put up with, bear, stand beyond me: beyond my understand, beyond my

comprehension, something that I can’t understand

Key to Key Structures and Special Difficulties

Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.

Key to multiple choice questions

d, b, a, c, a, c

b, b, a, b, b, a

V Assignments

Read the new words and the text fluently. To be questioned next lecture time.

Finish exercises on your text book. Check together next lecture time.

Prepare for lesson 42.