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Unit 6 Class Notes
Introduction
Learningrelatively permanent behavior change due to experience
Learning breeds hope.something learned should have staying powerknow learning occurred b/c behavior changedresults from direct or indirect experience 4Unit 6 OverviewHow Do We Learn?objective 1Classical Conditioningobjectives 2-7Operant Conditioningobjectives 8-13Learning by Observationobjectives 14-157-9% of testTEST: TUESDAY NOV. 25thFRQ #3How Do We Learn?
Objective 1: What are some basic forms of learning?habituationloss our sensitivity to an oft repeated stimulus; once habituation occurs, we will have reduced sensitivity to the stimulus even if it changesadaptationwhen we get used to a continuous, unchanging stimulus as long as unchanging we will not notice it. When it changes, our sensitivity to it returns2. associative learning-classical conditioning: anticipate events-operant conditioning: repeat acts that have been rewarded/ stop acts that are punished-observational learning : learning through others experience
Jaws theme 5Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Objective 2: What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioninglearn to link 2+ stimuli & anticipated eventsIvan Pavlov (1849-1936)John B. Watson (1913)Behaviorism
Objective 3:How does a neutral stimulus become a conditioned stimulus
Ivan PavlovBackgroundExperimental procedure
Pavlovs Experiments
Parts of Classical ConditioningUnconditioned stimulus (US)Unconditioned response (UR)Conditioned stimulus (CS)Conditioned response (CR)
Pavlovs Experiments
Pavlovs Experiments
Pavlovs Experiments
Pavlovs Experiments
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Objective 4: acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization & discriminationAcquisitionThe initial stage of association between NS & USNS presented -1 sec BEFORE CSHigher-order conditioninga CS is paired w/ a new NS = a 2nd (weaker) CS
Association can influence attitudesPavlovs ExperimentsExtinction and Spontaneous RecoveryExtinctionThe lessening of a CR due to no longer pairing the US and CS
Spontaneous recoveryOnly happens after extinction has occurred
Pavlovs ExperimentsGeneralizationGeneralizationstimuli similar to CS elicit same responsehappens quite automaticallyadaptive
Pavlovs ExperimentsDiscriminationDiscriminationlearned ability to distinguish between CS and other irrelevant stimuliresults from overtraining
US=CS=CR=UR=NS=The aroma of cookies baking makes your mouth water. mouth watermouth watertaste of cookiessmell of cookies+smell of cookiesunlearnedunconditionednaturalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwBQIhg6CvECough & tickle start at 30 secs. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nE8pFWP5QDMConditioning Dwight
Objective 5: (p. 223)Do cognition and biological constraints affect classical conditioning
Rescorla & Wagner believed that the predictability of the CS determined whether classical conditioning occurred. Predictability (expectancy) is a cognitive process requiring thought to occurMartin SeligmanLearned HelplessnessJohn GarciaBiological constraintsBiologically prepared to learn certain responses that help us adapt
color red
taste aversionsecondary disgustCognition (perception, thoughts, etc) dismissed by Pavlov and Watson30Pavlovs LegacyWhy should we care about dogs drooling?
Classical conditioning applies to other organisms
Showed how to study a topic scientificallyPavlovs LegacyApplications of Classical ConditioningJohn Watson and Baby Albert
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyELittle Albert