Objectives:Objectives:1.1. describe Mendel;describe Mendel;

2.2. infer how the pea plant infer how the pea plant experiment helped in experiment helped in determining the traits;determining the traits;

3.3. predict the possible predict the possible combination that will combination that will appear through the coin appear through the coin toss model.toss model.

- Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, in Heizendorf, Austria. He was the only son of a peasant farmer.  

Who is Gregor Who is Gregor Mendel?Mendel?

In 1843, he began studying at the St. Thomas Monastery of the Augustinian Order.  He was ordained into the priesthood in August of 1847.  After his ordination, Mendel was assigned to pastoral duties, but it soon became apparent that he was more suited to teaching.

Who is Gregor Who is Gregor Mendel?Mendel?

In 1849, he was assigned to a secondary school in the city of Znaim. It was there that he took the qualifying examination for teacher certification and failed. 

What made What made him to make him to make

an an experiment experiment on garden on garden

peas?peas?

- to understand the patternsto understand the patternsof heredityof heredity

- he noticed that certain he noticed that certain characteristics appeared to characteristics appeared to be passed on from parents be passed on from parents to offspringto offspring

- to establish what to establish what characteristics were taken characteristics were taken from each parentfrom each parent

Why did he Why did he experiment?experiment?

- It is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring.

HeredityHeredity

How are traits passed How are traits passed on?on?

- The structure of DNA makes it possible for organisms to pass their traits to their offspring.

Why did Why did Mendel Mendel

choose pea choose pea plant in his plant in his

experiment?experiment?

- Small, easy to grow, produce large numbers of offspring, & mature quickly

- Took advantage of the Took advantage of the reproductive reproductive characteristics of itcharacteristics of it

- Many varieties of the Many varieties of the garden pea are available & garden pea are available & can be easily growncan be easily grown

Pea Plant Pea Plant ExperimentExperiment

How does the How does the punnett punnett

square help square help in in

determining determining the possible the possible offspring?offspring?

It is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach, and is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.

Punnett SquarePunnett Square

Dominant traitDominant trait – – a a version of gene version of gene that masks the that masks the effect of another effect of another versionversion

Recessive traitRecessive trait – – a a trait that is trait that is hiddenhidden

* Try to solve the * Try to solve the possible offspring of two possible offspring of two guinea pigsguinea pigs

RR – rough fur

rr – smooth fur

Hybrid guinea pigHybrid guinea pig

Hybrid guinea pig – Hybrid guinea pig – hybrid means having hybrid means having one dominant trait & one dominant trait & one recessive traitone recessive trait