Years leading to the Revolutionary War Think of a time you had an unfair rule imposed on you? How did you feel?

How did you want to react and what did you do about it?

• Objectives

1) Identify two reasons why American colonists

wanted to move towards independence from

English rule.

2) Explain why England enacted harsher rules

that lead the Americans to seek independence.

3) Identify 3 actions taken by Americans against

those harsher rules enacted by England and

explain how each action lead to the

Revolutionary War.

French/Indian War • Treaty of Paris 1763- ends war

– American Expectations- good future w

Eng.

• Ohio Valley- expand west

• Respect- fought for Eng. And won

land for King

• Benign Neglect- Am. colonies go back

to running itself

– Americans like being English

– British Feelings- fear w/out Fr. Threat,

Am. colonists might seek independence

• Debt- Eng. Owes money from war,

wants Am. to help pay debt

* What should England do to alleviate their

problems and fears?

Postwar realities- 1763 marks the beginning of

the end for positive relationship bt Am and Eng. • Pontiac’s Rebellion- Indians kill 2,000

settlers in frontier/west

– Proclamation Line of 1763- no settlement

west of Appalachian Mts.

• Why would this act upset American colonists?

What would have been a better solution?

• Other British measures

– Mercantilism- colonies only exist to make

Eng $

– Sugar Act- says all goods to Am. need to

first land in Eng. To be taxed (cut down on

smuggling)

– Admiralty Courts- no jury trial, 3 judges

appointed by king decide criminal cases in

colonies

• How are these acts different from the rights and

rules we have in America today?

Stamp Act

this act set off Americans into believing that

England is taking away their rights

• Tax on all printed goods

– Affected lawyers and sailors

• Why is this a problem?

• English view- 2nd tax where $ went to England (HELP pay debt for French/Indian War)

• American view-No taxation without Representation

– right to tax=to right to take property

• Property=liberty

– Did the colonists have a right to be so upset?

– Should Americans have been given the right to vote in English elections? Would that have changed anything?

American Suspicions regarding Stamp Act • John Locke- protecting

rights and property

responsibility of

government

– Property=liberty

• 2nd class Citizen’s

– Eng. Taking away

liberties ?What liberty is

being taken away?

– Colonists feel not equal

England WHY?

• Stamp Act affected

everyone and showed

Parliament had the

authority to tax colonies

Colonial Resistance to Stamp Act • Political (House of

Burgesses/Virginia Resolution)

only colonies can tax

themselves bc they can vote

• Media created propaganda and

pamphetls

• Business (Merchant Class)

– Boycott- British goods

– Sons of Liberty and

Committee’s of Inspection-

– - terrorize those who bought

Eng goods

?Explain why/why not American’s

felt they needed to go to such

extremes to protect their liberties

Stamp Act Repealed (taken away

without ever collecting a $) – Americans take to the streets and

threaten tax collectors, riot,

boycott English goods, and

colonial government unite and

write to the King about their

unhappiness

• Do you feel the colonists were

right to go to such extreme

methods to repeal the Stamp Act?

• Stamp Act repealed by King

– Americans happy to be English

(WHY?)

• Declaratory Act- replaces Stamp Act,

says England can make any law, at

any time in the future

?Who won this battle? Colonists or England

Ch 7 Insights

Prior knowledge- Why do you feel the US is the richest country in the world?

What products does the US make that the world is willing to buy?

1) Identify two reasons why American colonists wanted to move

towards independence from English rule.

2) Explain why England enacted harsher rules that lead the

Americans to seek independence.

3) Identify 3 actions taken by Americans against those harsher

rules enacted by England and explain how each action lead to

the Revolutionary War.

ID: Female Combatants (124)

Summary 1: Who are the two combatants in this painting?

England and American colonies

OI-Deep Roots of Revolution

OI- Mercantilism and Colonial Grievances

1) Define Republicanism (in your own words)

People put aside their of selfish needs for the good of society

(anti-rich and monarchy/king)

What is it about being rich that is antithetical (opposite) of

Republicanism?

2) Under Mercantilism, what is the purpose of the colonies?

Purpose of the colonies is to make England rich (Colonies can only trade with

England)

Colonies- supply Eng. With raw materials (timber, food, tobacco)

England- sells colonies finished goods (furniture, glass, paint)

How is Mercantilism a positive economic policy?

England is richest country in world and producer of best goods, both

sides are making money

3) Think- How would mercantilism hurt the economic growth of the colonies?

Colonies could make more money trading to the world and selling its own

goods

ID- Royal Stamp (126)

Summary 2- What did the Stamp Act tax?

All printed goods (documents, contracts,

newspapers, dice, cards, etc)

Imp- every person is impacted by this tax

OI-Stamp Tax Uproar

4) Why did Lord Greenville issue the Stamp Tax?

Wanted the colonies to help pay England’s debt for the Fr/Ind.

War

Was it unfair for England to want the colonies to help pay for the

Fr/Ind War? Why? (What did the colonies get out of the war?)

How do you think Americans would have reacted to a tax to help

pay for their own defense and the extra land they acquired if

England had consulted the colonies first?

5) Why were Americans suspicious of the Stamp Tax?

The money was to go to England, not colonies

Fear England was trying to take away their liberties

Property=Liberty (Gov. taxing people was equal to the Gov.

taking away a right)

6) Think- What does the term “No taxation without representation

mean”?

Gov. can only tax people if they can vote on that tax

ID- Public Punishment for the Excise Man (128)

Summary3 - Explain the use of terrorism/violence in this painting?

Man has been tarred and feather, pouring hot tea down his throat,

a noose is in the background on Liberty Tree, dumping tea into the

harbor, Stamp Act upside down

Summary 4- Who is being tortured? Who is doing the torturing?

Stamp Collector, American colonists (Sons of Liberty)

OI- Forced Repeal of the Stamp Act

Non-Importation agreements said the colonies would not buy British

goods. (Boycott)

Committees of Correspondence- set up for colonies to communicate with

each other to insure the boycott was being enforced

How would a boycott of English goods hurt England?

IS it worth it for England to tax the colonists if England is losing money from

sales?

7) What secondary effect did these agreements have on the colonies?

Americans bought American goods

Americans were unified for the first time

Prior Knowledge- Think of a time that you saw or heard something

that really moved or upset you? Why did it move or upset you?

Upon learning more, was your reaction the correct one?

Ch 7 Insights •Objective #1- Understand reasons why American colonists

wanted to move to independence from English rule

•? Identify several examples of harsh laws and actions by

England that the colonists found unfair.

•Objective #2- Understand why England enacted harsher rules

that lead the Americans to seek independence

•? Explain why England felt it had to create new and stiff

laws in the colonies.

•Objective #3- Explain how these actions pushed the colonies

closer to unity

•? Identify several actions by the colonists that

demonstrated colonial resistance?

•? Evaluate how those actions were effective in sowing the

seeds of a revolution?

8) Who were the Sons of Liberty and what was their purpose?

American terrorist group, enforced the boycott

England repeals the Stamp Act, proves that American

protests were heard and Eng. Gov. responded to will of

people, Am. ended boycott

9) After England repealed the Stamp Act, England issued the

“Declaratory Act.” Define the Declaratory Act in your own words?

Said England could make any law in the colonies at any

time

Were the colonists really successful in their protest against

Gov. taxing and coercion? Explain?

Yes- gov. listened to the people and changed and unfair law

No- Gov. only responded to stop boycott, Am. still can’t vote,

Gov. still has absolute power

ID- Two Views on the Boston Massacre (129)

Summary 5- Identify two glaring omissions or changes between

the two paintings in how they depict “The Boston Massacre.”

•Americans are fighting back in one depiction, the other theu are

innocent

•Black person depicted (Crispus Attucks) being shot, left out of the

other

-Why do you feel the painting on the left became the image

that was spread throughout the colonies? What is wrong with

using the one on the right?

OI- Townsend Tea Tax and Boston Massacre

10) What was the Townsend Act?

Sales tax (on finished goods)

Why is this tax upsetting to Americans?

11) What was the cause of the “Boston Massacre”?

British soldiers were taking second jobs and willing to work for

less money than Am. workers

12) Who was Crispus Attucks?

Af/Am leader of protest shot at Boston Massacre

13) Think-Who do you feel should be blamed for the Boston

Massacre?

British- excessive force, did not have to open fire on crowd

Americans- it is not a crime to work for less pay (“illegal

immigrants”), get a better job

Boston Tea Party

• Tea Act- lowered price of

tea even with the tax to

save Br. East India CO.

– Seen as a trick to violate

“No taxation w/out

Representation

• Boston Tea Party-

thousands of pounds of

tea dumped into Boston

Harbor

– Seen by England as a violent

act of disobedience

– England feels the colonists

want independence

ID-The Boston Tea Party (132)

Summary 6- What group dumped the tea into Boston Harbor?

Sons of Liberty

OI- Parliament Passes the “Intolerable Acts”

Define the following Intolerable Acts/ Coercive Acts- meant to

punish Mass. for the BTP

Mass. Governor’s Act- Mass. losses it’s charter (rights

and democracy)

14) Boston Port Bill

Closed Boston Harbor

How does this hurt Boston economically?

Can’t trade (pay back fine for BTP)

15) Quartering Act

Forced Bostonians to house Br. Soldiers in their own

homes

What right does this infringe on?

Privacy

16) Quebec Act

Made the Ohio Valley a part of Canada/Quebec, Catholic is the

official language, no democracy in Quebec

Why would this law infuriate colonists? (Think of all the American

rights that you lose moving to Quebec and Fr/Ind. War)

17) Think- Why would these acts infuriate and worry the

colonists? (Other colonies)

Because if these rights could be taken away from one colony, then

other colonies could lose their rights too

1st Continental Congress (Sept 1774)- colonies meet to

discuss how they should react to the Intolerable Acts • Three Aims of Convention- what to do about

Intolerable Acts

– Basis of American Rights

• Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property)

• Colonial Charters- rights of Englishmen

– Explain 2 examples of how these rights have

been violated by England against the

colonies?

– Limit of Parliamentary Power- Parl. Can

regulate trade but not the right to tax

– Resistance

• Boycott- stop trade again

• Armed Militias- local armed armies

– *Colonies want a return to Benign

Neglect, not independence

• ? How is England going to react? ?How

would it be different if the colonies did not

arm themselves?

Lexington and Concord- 1st shots

fired that begins the Revolutionary War

• 700 Br. Troops sent to Concord

to seize guns

• Lexington- 1 shots

– 8 Americans dead

• Concord-Americans ready

– Minutemen- militia fighters

– Indian Tactics- hide behind

trees and fire

– Casualties (Br- 275, US-95)

• What would happen today if a

gang opened fire on US troops?

How will Eng react? What is the

next step for the Americans?