Objectives: 1.To summarize the developing foreign policy with

France, Great Britain and Spain2.To explain how the United States dealt with the Native Americans and with British interests in the

West.3.To identify some of the deep divisions between

Federalists and Republicans

What were the differences between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians regarding the French revolution?

Violence made America question their motives

Declaration of Neutrality

Edmond Genet – French diplomat

Tried to recruit soldiers for the war effort, infuriated Washington

Jefferson resigned – why?

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies

Jay’s Treaty:

+ British pledge to evacuate US soil- They should have already done

this in 1783- US bound to pay pre-revolutionary

accounts to Brit. Merchants- Jeffersonian South would have to

pay the majority of these debts.

OVERALL: - Negative resultTreaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party

Pinckney’s Treaty:+ Spain meets all of US

demands

+ Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US

+Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans

OVERALL: Positive Result

1783 British operating frontier forts on US soil

1790: Gen. Harmar (US) defeated by Chief Little Turtle and the Miami Indians

1791: Gen. St. Clair (US) defeated by the Miami

1794: Gen. Wayne (US) wins Battle of Fallen Timbers against Miami Indians,

& proves the Miami were supported by British arms/Canadians

1795: Treaty of Greenville, Indians cede Ohio to US

In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the twenty-second of April, I793, is the index of my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it.

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it, with moderation, perseverance, and firmness…

…The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations.

The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

Election of 1796Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes.Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes.ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME

FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH.

Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President.

Is the new nation already coming apart?

Adams sends 3 men to France in response to them criticizing Jay’s Treaty.

$250,000 bribe to see Tallyrand!

“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”

America authorizes a NavyMarine Corps is created.

Undeclared naval war for next two years

Federalists accuse Republicans of being dangerous and disloyal.

Many immigrants are Republicans.

The Alien and Sedition Acts are passed:1. Increase naturalization req. from 5 to 14 years2. Allow the President to deport anyone he

considers “undesirable.”3. Federalists use the acts to try and jail

Republican editors, writers, and politicians for being “seditious.”

The Republicans consider the Alien and Sedition Act to be an assault on the First Amendment.

Jefferson and Madison draft a resolution in the Virginia state Legislature declaring the Alien and Sedition Act unconstitutional.

Virginia and Kentucky claim the right of nullification

= the power to declare null and void federal laws that go beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution.

ENDURING QUESTION: WHO HAS THE LAST WORD?

STATES OR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT?

NeutralityEdmond GenetThomas PinckneyLittle TurtleJohn JaySectionalismXYZ AffairAlien and Sedition ActsNullification