OBJECTIVES: 1.1 Intro to Computer Component Input Processing
Output Input and Output 1.2 The types of computer system 1.3
Identifying Computer Components 1.4 Maintenance Tools PC
MAINTANENCE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS.
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1.1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPONENT A computer system has
three main components: 1. Hardware The computer itselfand its
associated equipment 2. Software The instructions that tell a
computer what to do. (program). 2. People Programmer, user
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A computer system consists of 4 main areas of data handling :-
1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storag e
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1. Input devices Take data in machine-readable form and send it
to the processing unit. The input device : keyboard, mouse,
scanners 2. The processor (CPU) manipulate input into the
information wanted. executes computer instructions. 3. Output
devices make the processed data available for use. (information)
Output -a screen monitor (softcopy) and a printer (hardcopy). 4.
Storage usually (secondary storage) Storage devices : diskettes,
hardisk.
1. Input Input is the data raw facts you put into the computer
system for processing. Data entry can be in writing, speaking,
pointing, or even by just looking at the data. Some example of the
input devices are: keyboard. mouse. Scanners Joystick Bar code
reader Floppy / CD / USB drive.
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2. Processing responsible for transforming raw data into
processed information. CPU unit interpret and execute program
instructions (ALU), as well as communicate with the input, output,
and storage devices (CU). Some example of the processor are: Intel
Pentium and Celeron series AMD Athlon and Duron series IBM Cyrix
series
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3. Output Output is raw data processed into usable information.
Two common output devices are screens (softcopy) and printers
(hardcopy). For both softcopy and hardcopy, the output can be
categorized into either text documents, graphic or multimedia
output. Some example of the output devices are: printer monitor.
plotter speaker
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4. Storage 2 types : primary and secondary 1. Primary storage
store data temporarily until the data has been processed and been
sent to output device or secondary storage. Examples : Register
(reside in CPU) and Main Memory (outside of CPU; RAM) volatile. The
speed of this storage is faster than secondary storage. 2.
Secondary storage additional storage separate from memory. Slow
than primary storage but has a large capacity than primary storage.
non-volatile. Examples : magnetic disk (hard disk, diskettes)
optical disk (CDs, DVDs) and magnetic tape (Cassettes).
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Computer are categorized based on differences in size, speed,
processing capabilities, and price. The 6 major categories of
computers are 1. Personal computers 2. Handheld computers 3.
Internet appliances 4. Mid-range servers 5. Mainframes 6.
Supercomputers 1.2 THE TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
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1. Personal Computer 1. Desktop (Tower model, All in one,
Workstations) o Designed fit entirely on or under a desk or table.
(not portable) 2. Notebook o portable personal computer small
enough fit on user lap.
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2. Handheld computers o PDA (personal digital assistant) 3.
Internet appliances o a computer with limited functionality. o The
purpose is to connect to the Internet.
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4. Mid-range servers o more powerful and larger than a
workstation computer 5. Mainframes o a large, expensive, very
powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously. 6. Supercomputers o the fastest,
most powerful, and most expensive category of computer.
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casing motherboard processor power supply memory module/RAM
Drive-hard disk drive floppy drive CD drive IDE and FDC cable
Interface card - video/display card sound card Peripherals
(external) - keyboard, mouse, speaker, printer, microphone and
monitor. 1.3 INDENTIFYING COMPUTER COMPONENTS
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External (outside from computer casing) = pheriperals monitor -
now with flat and LCD screen. Keyboard - cordless or traditional
chassis - contains central processing unit (CPU) mouse - also
available as cordless, IR or traditional USB (Universal Serial Bus)
Hubs/ports - hot swappable Printer Floppy disk drive
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Internal (install inside computer casing) Hardisk Motherboard
the main circuit of the computer system. CPU Expansion slots - to
add cards for various devices, including memory chips Power Supply
- connection to electrical power for system. Clock - battery
powered, keeps track of date and time Cables - to connect floppy
drives, hard drives, and other devices. Network card graphics card
video card RAM chips Cooling fan(s) for CPU. Failure to cool may
result in the destruction of your hard drive.
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1. Hardware toolkits To open up a computer 2. ESD toolkits -
(Electrostatic Discharge) 3. Spare parts save technicians time. 1.4
MAINTENANCE TOOLS
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1. Hardware Toolkits Phillip Screwdrivers: to open up most of
the screws in pc. Flat Blade Screwdriver: to open up some of the
screws in pc. Needle-Nose Pliers: These are useful for grasping
small items and for removing and replacing jumpers on circuit
boards. Wire Snips: A pair of wire snips for cutting wire and
stripping insulation.
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1. Hardware Toolkits (continue) A Small Flashlight: Very
useful; the insides of PC boxes are quite dark. Tweezers: Or even
better, a part retriever. A retriever is like a tiny set of
retractable claws with a spring-loaded handle. A Large Crowbar: For
making adjustments to stubborn hardware.
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1. Hardware Toolkits (continue) A Roll of Black Electrical
Tape: Used for wrapping wire ends and insulating components. A Can
of Compressed Air: Very handy for cleaning things hands- free and
without using any hazardous liquids. A Soft, Lint-Free Cloth: For
cleaning the monitor and other components. Cable tied: to dressing
up the cables inside the computer.
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2. Electrostatic Discharge Tools help user not to accidentally
damage the computer components with a static discharge. ESD Wrist
Strap: This is more of a safety device than a tool; it is used to
greatly reduce the chances of static damage to components. ESD
mats: the technician have to step on it while doing the maintenance
process. ESD bag: use to pack the components before moving it to
another place.