Observation of Global Warming in Kebun Raya Bogor
Sekolah Cikal – MYP Year 7
Science Project
By:
Alaia Witoelar Sumawinata
Dante Witoelar Sumawinata
Kevinsyah Novarik Muis
Salsabil Inas Labiba
Jakarta, Indonesia
2012
Content Page
Content I
Preface 1
Purpose 2
Introduction 3
Hypothesis 4
Data 5
Conclusion 8
Resources 9
Preface
In this page, we will thank to Allah to give us breathe and life until right now
when we wrote about the observation of global warming rate in Kebun Raya
Bogor. We would like to thank our parents who taught us about the world and
everything else. Also, Miss Dewi Pramesti Kusumaningrum who taught us to
think inside a scientific explanation, and also guides us to write this science
paper. She helps us to open our eyes about the scientific world so we could
understand the real condition of the Earth, the planet where we live right now.
To support this topic, we did an observation by going to Kebun Raya Bogor
that is located in the middle of Bogor city. This is a 87 hectare place was built
on, May 18th 1817 by Dutch colonial to preserve a lot of plants from Java and
Malayan Peninsula that are produce economical benefits for Indonesian
government.
By doing this observation, we could know what is the real thing about global
warming, what are the causes and effects that are really affecting the living
organism such as humans, animals, and plants. Also, what we can do to
prevent this case to be happening again by doing some solving actions such
as disposing your trash properly and less transportation usage.
Besides it fills our curiosity about the real thing about the global warming
case, we could understand how is it really dangerous to have this case in our
life and the aftermath. Since global warming has started we should take action
and show people that this is a serious problem.
Purpose
To support our topic about ‘Global Warming and Ozone Depletion’ in our
science class this term and we are learning about this happening case, we
were doing an observation to Kebun Raya Bogor. And to make the work more
maximal, we were divided into four groups of four members. We have to
answer several questions to help our work that will be shown in this paper.
Since today is the year of 2012, global warming has developed even more
since the 10/20 years, because of that we are taking action by making this
paper. People should be aware of what’s happening in their life but just that
but also in their surroundings. Effects caused by global warming could be
massive.
On Friday, May 25th 2012, we had our trip to observe and ask some questions
to the researcher in the laboratory. These questions that we asked are the
evidence to support our work on writing this paper. By asking these questions,
we could determine how much global warming affects our daily and career life
because of course, it has a lot of harmful effects for the plants’ growth, either
it causes the amount of sunlight or climate prediction. If the plant receives
more amount of sunlight, it will get weak and withered, and at the end, it will
die. The effect could decrease the total amount of the plant collection in some
parks like Kebun Raya Bogor. The purpose of this observation is to know
about the actions that the researchers have token to prevent this harmful
effect.
Introduction
In this term, we learn about global warming and ozone depletion that is
occurring in our world right now while a lot of scientists and also researchers
find a way to prevent and decrease the amount of the effects to the Earth’s
surface.
This observation that we did, a few days ago was meant to see the impacts
that plants’ had receive in Kebun Raya Bogor where there are a lot of plants
collection from around the world.
To support this topic, we did an observation by going to Kebun Raya Bogor
that is located in the middle of Bogor city. This is a 87 hectare place was built
on, May 18th 1817 by Dutch colonial to preserve a lot of plants from Java and
Malayan Peninsula that are produce economical benefits for Indonesian
government. But then, it became a park, which has educational and recreation
place. Until now, there are 13450 collection or specimens, which are divided
into 333 types, 213 families, which is most of them are legumes.
By observing the condition of the plants in Kebun Raya Bogor, we can predict
how much global warming affects our life by only rising the temperature of
Earth’s surface.
Hypothesis
Global warming has developed even more, than we have ever seen before. If
we don’t take a stand and do something global warming will grow much more
than we will ever expect and possibly the greenhouse gases will cover-up the
whole Earth’s surface, but if we do take action right now our future could
change a lot for example; decrease of greenhouse gases, decrease of global
warming, temperature slowly comes back to normal and even decrease of
pollution.
Just like the 2005 Katrina Hurricane that started in the Bahamas and moved
towards Florida. The Katrinca Hurricane was one of the strongest storms to hit
the Unites States, “The most deadly hurriane to strike the U.S. Made landfall
in Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. This was also the greatest natural
disaster to ever strike the U.S., claiming more than 8000 lives when the
storme surge caught the residents of this island city by surprise.”
(http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/special-reports/katrina.html)
The impacts from the hurricane were loss of life, flooding, oil industry, power
outages, cost and travel.
Data
Global warming itself means the time when the Earth heats up and
temperature rises that is happened when the greenhouse gases covered all
over the Earth. Even though the main function of this layer is to help the Earth
keeps warm to live in, or if it is not, it will get frozen. This greenhouse layer
consists of many harmful substances such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water
vapor, nitrous oxide (N2O), and also methane that are trap the heat from the
Sun in the Earth atmosphere by reflecting the sunlight so it will go back to the
Earth surface and it cannot get out of the layer. This accident hurts a lot of
sides form humans, animals, and plants. Many of them could not adapt in this
situation, so they die of hunger and temperature that are causing a lot of
diseases for humans, animals, and plants. Those harmful substances came
from the electricity pollution that is using the fossil fuels such as coal and
petroleum.
This case has disturbing humans all around the world and pushing them to
think more deeply to solve this problem by doing several actions that might be
helping. Including Indonesia as the “Lungs of the World” because the amount
of the forest that we have in Borneo island. We have some distractions in
some areas of our education life, including the plantation of some rare plants
collection in several parks in Indonesia. One of them is Kebun Raya Bogor.
While we had our tour there, we found some facts that are related to the
global warming. The researcher who keeps the data of the climate changes
from past years until now and they count the amount of the dead plants.
Based on their observation, when the weather is hot, it can affect the plants’
growth from its photosynthesis, and the plants go melt and their growth
cannot be maximal. Not only hot temperature, which can affect the plants’
growth, but rainy seasons also. When it comes, the plants need sunlight to
survive but it is stuck with the high amount of water. The plant that receives a
lot of water everyday cannot grow optimally, and it will be die soon. We
believe that the amount of the greenhouse gases has been affects the
environment at Bogor and also increasing during this case.
Noah S. Diffenbaugh, a Climatologist from Purdure University claims that he
has found that events such as storms and heat waves can differentiate in
frequency and devastation depending on how vegetation reacts to global
warming. Diffenbaugh's research points that as vegetation reacts to climate
change, those different climates in the ground may affect how and where
often-extreme weather patterns occur. While other climatologists have
theorized that this theory might exist, Diffenbaugh strongly believes that his
research adds weight to the concept that interactions with land, air, and
sunlight are more complicated than what we can imagine. “Earth's climate is
all about relationships, and this study shows that ground cover plays a
significant part in determining changes in climate extremes” DIffenbaugh said.
“We are accustomed to hearing that greenhouse gases affect climate, but
they are not the only fact we should consider. Our climate models also must
incorporate the effect of vegetation if they are to capture the full scope of
reality”. Diffenbaugh's result from his research, appearing in the Geophysical
Research Letters, used a climate model of the United States, in the west.
Primarily observing California, Oregon, Nevada, and other parts surrounding
the region. Diffenbaugh said that whether vegetation reactions make for more,
or a fewer extreme occurances depends on the region. “Changes in
vegetation cover and push the region toward more or fewer extreme events –
it depends on where you look,” Diffenbaugh said.
“In the high Sierra Nevada”, for example, people have thought up a theory,
that is as the Earth worms, forests for example, an evergreen forest will move
and grow to a more to higher altitudes and eventually be lost as they ascend
to the mountaintop. We can certainly see that global warming can cause
predicted forest lost. We also see that the forests themselves disappear, the
higher the elevation, the less warmth the forest will receive, and the trees will
eventually die out. “People have suspected for some time that the greenhouse
effect can change how often extreme events occur and how severe they are”
Diffenbaugh said. “We also know that climate change will affect what
vegetation grows where and that those vegetation changes can feed back to
further change the mean climate state. But his is the first insight we've had
into whether those vegetation changes will also change frequency and
magnitude of the extreme temperature and precipitation events, such as
droughts and severe storms”.
Diffenbaugh stated that while the experiment was valuable for the
establishment of the relationship between vegetation and climate, further
refinement of the methodology would be important. “Our vision is still blurry,”
he said.
Conclusion
Global warming is not something rare again for us. The greenhouse layer is
getting thicker day by day because of the amount of the high chemical
substances that fly up to this layer. This has affects all of living creatures on
Earth’s surface by distract their life in so many ways, such as the temperature
of the air and less water because of the high level of evaporation. It makes the
water evaporates and there will be less water in the Earth, humans only
depend on the water that is under the ground.
One of the impacts of the global warming is raising temperature. It causes
high heat and dehydrates the living beings. It also affects in so many ways of
education, including plantation. In this case, we picked Kebun Raya Bogor,
which is the nearest park where we can meet the researchers there. Most of
the plants have to adapt with the climate changes or they will go die. They
have to stay live without water on dry and hot seasons, or if they don’t, they
will die soon. And also they have to stay live without sunlight in wet and rainy
seasons.
If this global warming case cannot be handled properly, the layer goes thicker
and thicker, although this layer make up only one percent of Earth’s
atmosphere. The Earth’s surface temperature will goes rising and it causes a
lot of impacts of the Earth. The pole in the south and north side of the Earth
will get melted and the sea level will rise. This impact will drown the land, also
the creatures on it.
If we still get a chance to make this case gone, we will do some actions to
prevent it such as less vehicle usage and less paper usage. Nowadays,
people usually like to use emails and telephone besides using mails and
letter. This habit can help the trees from the forest grow higher year by year,
and it will help to absorb the harmful substances and produce oxygen for
other creatures’ life.
Resources
Melville, Kate. "Climate Change And Vegetation A Complex
Feedback." Climate Change And Vegetation A Complex Feedback. 11 May
2005. Web. 31 May 2012.
<http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/20050411003737data_trunc_sys.shtml>
.
"Global Warming." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. Web. 31 May 2012.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/global_warming.htm>.
West, Larry. "What Is the Greenhouse Effect?" About.com Environmental
Issues. Web. 31 May 2012.
<http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/greenhouse.htm>.
"Hurricane Katrina." Hurricane Katrina. 29 Dec. 2005. Web. 31 May 2012.
<http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/special-reports/katrina.html>.