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7/29/2019 OCA 02 - Preparing the Database Environment
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02 - Preparing the Database
Environment
By Muhammad Asghar Khan
Reference: OCA Oracle Database 11g - Admin I Exam Guide by John Watson
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Agenda
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
Database Creation (DBCA) and Upgrade Tools (DBUA)
SQL*Plus and SQL Developer
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) Oracle Net Manager (netmgr) and Oracle Net
Configuration Assistant (netca)
Datapump and SQL*Loader
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Plan an Oracle Database Installation
Choice of Operating System
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Agenda
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Configure OEL Kernel for Oracle Configure OEL Shell for Oracle
Create Groups & User for Oracle
Directory Structure & File Naming Conventions/OFA
Configure Oracle Users Environment
Running Oracle Universal Installer
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) An Oracle product that is used to manage the
installation and maintenance of many oracle products
To launch the OUI, on Windows run the setup.exe file
in the root of the DVD, on Linux and Unix, run therunInstaller shell script
The OUI can be installed as a self-contained productin its own Oracle Home, or can be launched from the
product installation DVD; it will install itself into theOracle Home along with the product
An Oracle Home is the location of an Oracle productinstallation: a set of files in a directory structure
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
When the OUI prompts for the location of a products.xmlfile, specify the DVD with the product you want to install
Always use the latest version of the OUI that you haveavailable
OUI inventory stores details of all the Oracle products
installed on the machine, including the exact version, thelocation, and in some cases details of patches that havebeen applied
Every run of the OUI will check the inventory for
incompatibilities before permitting an install into anexisting Oracle Home to proceed, and will then updatethe inventory with details of all pro ducts installed orupgraded
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
OUI look for a file /etc/oraInst.loc on Linux ,/var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc on Solaris andHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\inst_loc registry key on Windows to find an existinginventory
As only the root user can write to /etc or /var andOUI will be always run by non-root user, therefore;OUI will generate a script (orainstRoot.sh script) to berun by the root user that will create the oraInst.loc
file To relocate the inventory, first copy it to the new
location, and then edit the oraInst.loc file or registrykey
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
The /install/oraparam.ini file specifies the location onthe DVD of the file products.xml
The product requirements are listed in a
/stage/prereq/db/refhost.xml file
Database Creation (DBCA) and Upgrade Tools(DBUA)
The DBCA,is a graphical tool for creating a database
DBCA is discussed in database creation chapter Database upgrade can be done manually or through a
graphical tool DBUA
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
SQL*Plus and SQL Developer
SQL*Plus & SQL Developer are tools that can be used toconnect to an Oracle database
SQL*Plus is available on all platforms to which thedatabase has been ported, installed into both Oracledatabase and Oracle client Oracle Homes
To run SQL*Plus some environment variables(ORACLE_HOME, PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH) need to beset
SQL Developer is a graphical tool with wizards forcommonly needed actions
Database 11g does ship with a release of SQL Developer,and but is a completely self-contained product
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
On Windows, the executable file is sqldeveloper.exe.On Linux, it is the sqldeveloper.sh shell script
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
The version of Oracle EM relevant to the OCP
examination is Database Control
Database Control is a tool for managing one database
(which can be a RAC database), whereas Grid Control
can manage many databases (and more)
If there are several database instances running off the
same Oracle Home, each instance will be accessible
through Database Control on a different port
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Many DBAs like to work from the SQL*Plus or SQLDeveloper command line to understand out exactlyhow to do something, and then use EnterpriseManager to make doing it easy
Oracle Net Manager (netmgr) and Oracle NetConfiguration Assistant (netca)
These tools are used for configuring the Oraclenetworking environment
Datapump and SQL*Loader Datapump extracts data from one database, writes it
out to a file, and inserts it into another database(possibly a different version, on a different platform)
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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database
http://asghars.blogspot.com
SQL*Loader is a tool for loading large amounts ofdata into an Oracle database from operating system
files. These files can be laid out in a number of
formats
Recovery Manager (RMAN) RMAN is used for creating server-managed backups
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Choice of Operating System Oracle Corporation supports all the mainstream
platforms, including
Linux on Intel and AMD
Microsoft Windows on Intel and AMD
Solaris on SPARC
AIX on POWER
HPUX on PA-RISC When selecting an operating system, the choice
should be informed by many factors, including
Cost
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Ease of use
Choice of hardware
Available skills
Scalability
Fault tolerance Performance
Linux deserves a special mention. Oracle Corporation
has made a huge commitment to Linux, and Linux is
used as the development platform for many products
(including database release 11g)
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Configure OEL Kernel for Oracle Using any text editor, create or edit the
/etc/sysconfig.conf file,
and add or edit lines similar to
the following
Run /sbin/sysctl -p command
to make it active
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Configure OEL Shell for Oracle Add the following lines to the/etc/security/limits.conf
file
Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/loginfile
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Create Groups & User for Oracle OSDBA group (dba); identifies operating system user
accounts that have database administrative privileges
(the SYSDBA privilege)
Oracle Inventory group (oinstall); create this groupthe first time you install Oracle software on the
system
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Directory Structure & File Naming Conventions/OFA
Oracle strongly recommends a disk layoutmethodology formally called the Optimal FlexibleArchitecture (OFA)
OFA was designed to achieve minimize diskcontention, to operate more than one databasewithout administrative confusion, and to improvedatabase performance
Mount Points
Oracle recommends that all your Oracle mount pointsbe named according to the convention /pm, e.g. /u01,/u02, /u03, and so on
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
The first of these is for locating the Oracle Databaseserver binaries, and the other three are for holding thedatabase files
Oracle Base Directory (ORACLE_BASE)
The Oracle base directory is the top directory for allOracle software installations
Oracle recommends that you use the form /pm/h/u fororacle base directory
Where h is the name of a standard directory, u is thedirectorys owners name
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
The default owner of the Oracle base directory is
usually a user named oracle, and the standard directory
is usually named app (e.g. /u01/app/oracle)
The following commands create the Oracle Base
Directory
Change the owner of base directory to oracle and group
to oinstall
Change permission on the base directory
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Oracle Home Directory (ORACLE_HOME)
Oracle server software executable files and otherconfiguration files are located under this directory
To enable the simultaneous running of multiple versions ofOracle software, you need to install Oracle software in a
directory with the following path:/pm/h/u/product/v/type_n
Where v is the version of oracle software, type is the type ofinstallation e.g. database (db) or client, n is the counter,which enables you to install the same product multiple
times The first part, /pm/h/u, is nothing but the Oracle base
directory
Oracle Home Directory (e.g. /u01/app/oracle/product
/11.2.0/db_1), is automatically created by OUI
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Oracle Inventory Directory
Also known as OraInventory, is used to store aninventory of all the Oracle software on a server
Again the OUI will prompt for its location and no needto create manually
Flash Recovery Area
Used for storing all the recovery-related files
Its a good idea to create it on entirely different storagedevices from where you have your data files
Database Files A typical data file under the OFA guidelines would have
a name like /u02/oradata/prod/system01.dbf, whichrefers to a data file in the System table-space
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Plan an Oracle Database Installation
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Configure Oracle Users Environment Change the entry of .bash_profile file of the oracle
user and add
following lines
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Copy downloaded oracle installation files to the/tmp directory
Login with oracle, unzip both files, switch to the
/tmp/database directory and run installation by
running the ./runInstaller
Follow the wizard
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Provide the name of the database and thepassword and click next
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
In the prerequisite check we was informed that weneed to install three packages as well. So mount the
.iso file of the OEL installation, switch to the Server
folder
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Click on Check Again button and youll see thatthose notifications are disappeared. Check Ignore
all checkbox and click Next
Click Finish button to start the installation
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
DBCA tools automatically will start to create the
database
Run both shell scripts with root user
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Running Oracle Universal Installer
http://asghars.blogspot.com
Open a new terminal, export ORACLE_SID variableand connect to the database
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