OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Presentation by

DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO

Lecturer, Department of PSM

Objectives:

At the end of the session the student shall have knowledge of :

Concept of ergonomics and occupational environment

Occupational hazards and related occupational diseases

Measures for health protection of workers.

Measures for prevention of occupational diseases.

Definition

Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental and social well-being of the workers

Prevention amongst workers’

departures from health

Protection from risks

Placing and maintenance

Ergonomics

Fitting the job to the worker

Designing machines, tools, equipment, processes

Layout

Methods of works and environment

Ergon = work

Nomos=

Occupational Environment

Man and physical, chemical and biological agents

Man and machines

Man and man

Occupational Hazards

Hazards

Physical

Chemical

Biological

Mechanical

Psychological &Social

Occupational diseasesDue to physical agents

heat, cold, light, pressure, noise, radiation, mechanical factors, electricity

Due to chemical agents

Gases, dusts (organic/ inorganic), metals, chemicals , solvents

Due to biological agents

Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus etc.

Occupa-

tional cancers

Of skin, lung, bladder

Occupa-

tional dermatitis

Dermatitis, eczema

Psycho-

logical origion

Hypertension, peptic ulcer

PneumoconiosisDust particles 0.5 – 3 micron

Chemical composition , fineness, concentration, period of exposure, individual susceptibility.

Inorganic and organic dusts

INORGANIC DUSTS

SilicosisFree silica/silicon dioxideMining, pottery, sandblasting etc.Irritant cough, dyspnoea on exertion, chest painSnow storm appearance

Dust control measures:substitution, enclosure, isolation, hydroblasting,good housekeeping.Regular examinaton

Mines act, factories act

INORGANIC DUSTS

Anthracosis

Coal

Simple pneumoconiosis,

progressive massive fibrosis.

Indian mines act,

Workman’s

compensation act

Asbestosis

Silicates of Mg, Ca, Na. Serpentine /Amphibole

Asbestos,cement,firepro

of,textiles, roof lining

Respiratory

insufficiency,Ca

bronchus, mesothelioma

Safer types, substitution,

rigorous dust control

measures, periodic

examination, continuing

research.

ORGANIC DUSTS

Bagassosis

Sugar cane dust, thermoactinomyces sacchari,

Cane sugar industry, paper,rayon,cardboard

Breadthlessness, cough, haemoptysis, slight fever,

Mottling in lung shadow.

Dust control,

Personal protection,

Medical control,

Bagasse control-moisture >20%,2% propionic acid.

ORGANIC DUSTS

Byssinosis

Cotton fibre

Textile industry

Chronic cough,

dyspnoea, prog. Chronic

bronchitis,emphysema

Farmer’s Lung

Mouldy hay, grain dust

30% moist,

micropolyspora faeni, >

Temperature

General and respiratory

symptoms, physical

signs.

Occupational hazards of agricultural workers

Zoonotic diseases

Accidents

Toxic hazards

Physical hazards

Respiratory diseases

ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY

Causes-

physical, physiological, psychological

environmental Prevention-

SICK ABSENTEEISM

Causes-

Economic, social, medical,

non occupational

Prevention-

LEAD POISONING Exposure,

Clinical picture,

Diagnosis,

Preventive measures,

Management

RADIATION HAZARDS

Effects of radiation

Preventive measures

HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO INDUSTRALISATION1.Environment sanitation problems

2.Communicable diseases

3.Food sanitation

4.Mental health

5.Accidents

6.Social problems

7.Morbidity and mortality

MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS

1.Nutrition

2.Communicable disease control

3.Environmental sanitation

Water supply, food, toilet, general plant cleanliness, sufficient space, lighting, ventilation, protection against hazards, housing.

4.Mental health

5.Measures for women and children.

6.Health education

7.Family planning

PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES.

MEDICAL MEASURES

ENGINEERING

MEASURES

LEGIS-

LATION

MEDICAL MEASURES

1.Preplacement examination

2.Periodic examination

3.Medical and health care services

4.Notification

5.Supervision of working environment

6.Maintenance and analysis of records

7.Health education & counselling

ENGINEERING MEASURES

1.Designs of building

2.Good housekeeping

3.General ventilation

4.Mechanisaton

5. Substitution

6.Dusts

7.Enclosure

8.Isolation

9.Local exhaust ventilation

10.Protective devices

11.Environmental monitoring

12.Statistical monitoring

13.Research

LEGISLATION

1. FACTORIES ACT,1948Scope, health, welfareEmployment, Hours of work, Occupational diseases, Hours of

work,, Employment in hazardous proc. 2. ESIS ACT, 19481.Medical2.Sickness3.Maternity4.Disablement5.Dependents benefit6.Extra benefits Extended sickness, Limbs, F.P., Protection against dismissal,

Funeral expenses, Rehabilitation expenses, Retirement.

E.S.I. CORPORATION

MembersRepresentatives of employees organisations, medical profession,parliament

ChairmanUnion minister for labour

Vice ChairmanSecretary to Government of India,Ministry of Lbour

Ceo,Director General ESIInsurance, Medical, Finance Comissioner

Medical Benefits CouncilChairman DGHS