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Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

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Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist
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Page 1: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Occupational stressPresented by:

Sotoudeh manesh MD

Occupational medicine specialist

Page 2: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Introduction

• Important occupational health problem

• Economic loss

• Produce psychological &physiologic disability

• Affect personal well-being

• Loss of productivity

Page 3: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Introduction

• Stress has multiple causes

• Poor predict

Page 4: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Definition

• Syndrome that involves a non specific response of the organism to a stimulus from the environment

• Imbalance between occupational demands and the individual's ability to perform when the consequences of failure are important

• The harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities ,resource, or needs of the work

Page 5: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

استرس شغلی چیست؟

اس�ترس ش�غلی ، استرس�ی اس�ت ک�ه علت اص�لی ایج�اد •آن ریشه در شرایط کاری و محیط کار شخص دارد

جس�می، • ناخواس�ته آورو زی�ان پاس�خ ش�غلی، اس�ترس رخ زم�انی و اس�ت انس�ان در رفت�اری و روانی روحی ب�ا ش�خص ش�غلی انتظ�ارات و نیازمن�دیها ک�ه میده�د

توانایی ها و مهارتهای وی تناسبی نداشته باشند

Page 6: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Major factors

• Occupational

• Social

• Familial

• Individual

• ….

Page 7: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Occupational Stress model

• Person - Environment fit model

Discrepancy between:

a) job demands and abilities

b) motives and supplies

• Job demand – Control model

Imbalance between:

demands and control(decision-making latitude)

Page 8: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Mclean

ایجاد استرس نه فقط به عامل استرس زا که به خود فرد و همین طور شرایط

محیطی نیز ربط دارد

فرد حساس

عامل

استرس زا

ویژگی هایمحیط کار

Page 9: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Demand control model

Job demands

Low High

LOW Control

HIGH

Low strain

Passive

Active

High strain

Page 10: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

علل ایجاد استرس

• مشکالت خانوادگی

• کمبودهای اقتصادی

• مشکالت محیط کار

• مشکالت اجتماعی

Page 11: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

انواع استرس

• استرس مثبت

• استرس منفی• Astress

• distress

Page 12: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Optimal P er for mance

Positive

Negative

Low High

Astress Distress

Eustress

PeakPeakPerformancePerformance

BoredomBoredom BurnoutBurnout

Page 13: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• Organizational

• Career development

• Role

• Task

• Work environment

• Shift work

Page 14: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• Organizational • change

• inadequate communication

• interpersonal conflict

• conflict with organizational goals

عدم وج�ود اس�تراتژی واه�داف واض�ح •و �م�ش�خص� س�ا�زمان�ی و ت�غی�یرات �مک�رر

در �مدیریت �ومحصول

فقدان حمایت مدیریتی از کارکنان•

عدم مش�اوره م�دیریت ب�ا ش�اغلین در •مورد مشکالت

ارتباط ضعیف مدیریت با شاغلین •

اختالف بین اهداف فرد و سازمان•

Page 15: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• career development• lack of promotional

opportunity

• new responsibility beyond level of training

• unemployment

• - - اخراج کارگر تعلیق شغل تغییر

با • نامتناسب فرد به کار ارجاعtآموزُش

به • ارتقاء یا ارتقاء سیستم فقداننامشخص شغل

Page 16: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• Role• role conflict

• role ambiguity

• inadequate resources to accomplish job

• inadequate authority to accomplish job

نامش�خص • و مبهم نقش در سازمان

در • متع���ارض اه���داف مدیریت

زی�اد • بس�یار مس�وولیت و من�ابع حالیک�ه در ف�رد

اختیارات محدود است

Page 17: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

مدیر کارخانه

سر کارگر

کارگران

تعارض نقش مثالی ازکه در آن

از فرد انتظار انجام وظائف متضادیمی رود

Page 18: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• task• quantitative and qualitative overload

• quantitative and qualitative underload

• Responsibility for the lives and well being of others

• low decision-making latitude

Page 19: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Common workplace stressor

• work environment• physical exposures

• aesthetics

• ergonomic problems

• Noise

• Odors

• safety hazards

• shift work

Page 20: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Individual & social factors

• Personality structure(OCPD,antisocial,passive-aggressive,preexisting psychiactic)

• Family life

• Stage in life

• Social support

Page 21: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Stress &disease

• While there is good epidemiologic evidence associating occupational stress with a number of disease state, the pathophysiologic mechanisms often remain obscure, and in the most situations ,a true causal relationship has not been demonstrated• Neurologic mediators

• Immunologic mediators

• Endocrine mediators

Page 22: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Stress &disease

• Mental illness

• Cardiovascular disease

• GI disease

• other

Page 23: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Mental illnessstress may act as a nonspecific promotor of disease

• Mild subjective• Anxiety ,tension ,anger ,depression , decreased

concentration ,irritability

• Mild behavioral• Decreased participation in family, marital discord ,reduced social

activity, risk taking

• Clinical psychiatric disorders• Adjustment ,affective ,anxiety ,somatoform ,exacerbation of existing

psychiatric, substance abuse

Page 24: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Cardiovascular disease

• Coronary artery disease

• MI

• HTN-diastolic: 3fold in workers with job strain

• Increased cholesterol

Page 25: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

GI disease

• Peptic ulcer• Du ulcer

• Co-factor with H pylori

• Eating disorders

• Ulcerative colitis

• Functional bowel disease

• constipation

Page 26: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Other disease

• DM

• Headache

• Asthma

• Injury & accidents

• Sickness

• Absence

• Lost productivity

Page 27: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Stress & workers compensation

• Physical-mental

• Mental-mental• Sudden emotionally disturbing event

• Stress resulting from a continuing situation which is unusual in its demand

• Stress arising out of the condition of everyday work

• Mental-physical

California has legislated that mental stress must more than 50%occupational in origin to qualify for compensation

Page 28: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

سازمان در استرس عالیم

خفیف • روحی اختالالت

مکرر • غیبت

مواد • مصرف سوء

روانی • و روحی شدید اختالالت

وری • بهره کاهش

حوادث • افزایش

Page 29: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

Prevention & management

• Individual level approaches

• Organizational level approaches

Page 30: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

راهکارهای فردی

یادگیری مهارتها••Active coping•Relaxation methods•Communication

skills•Time management•Problem solving

ب�ا هدف• مقابل�ه اف�رادجهت مهارته�ای تغی�یر :استرس

ایجاد و تقویت تفکر مثبت•

وعالئم • عل�ل از آگ�اهی جهت اف�راد آم�وزُش و ی��ابی ب��ه ��من�ظور�ریش��ه ا�س��ترس� او�لی��ه

تغییردرو�ضعی�ت و موقعیت خودشان

کس�ب توان�ایی جهت ریش�ه ی�ابی عل�ل اس�ترس •وا�یج�اد� ی�ک �برنا�م�ه ف�ع�ال� جهت� ک�اهش عوام�ل

اس�ترس زا

Page 31: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

راهکارهای مدیریتی و سازمانی

آموزُش مدیران و ناظرین در مورد استرس شغلی و اهمیت آن•افزایش مشارکت شاغلین در تصمیم گیریها •اف�زایش ارتباط�ات بین ش�اغلین و م�دیران و ن�اظران در رابط�ه ب�ا ط�رح مش�کالت و پیشنهادات•مشخص کردن دقیق استراتژی و اهداف سازمان در بخشهای مختلف•ایج�اد فض�ا و فرص�ت جهت ارتق�اء اف�راد شایس�ته و ایج�اد فض�ای رق�ابت س�الم جهت پیشرفت•مسوولیت دادن به افراد متناسب با میزان تواناییها، شایستگی ها و تحصیالت•مشخص کردن نقش و وظایف افراد بطور دقیق•ایجاد سیستمی که افراد احساس امنیت شغلی کنند•افزایش سطح حمایت اجتماعی و سازمانی مناسب•دادن آموزشهای الزم به شاغلین در مورد وظایف محوله•

Page 32: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

راهکارهای مدیریتی و سازمانی

رفع مشکالت اقتصادی و حقوق و مزایای کافی•

افزایش ایمنی محیط کار•

کنترل عوامل آزاردهنده محیطی•

نظارت و آموزُش نا ظرین جهت برخورد و ارتباط مناسب •

ایجاد نوبت کاری با اصول صحیح•

ایجاد برنامه کاری منظم و قابل پیش بینی•

استفاده بجا از اصل چرخش کاری و نیروی انسانی کافی •

پاداُش بجا به کارکنان شایسته •

Page 33: Occupational stress Presented by: Sotoudeh manesh MD Occupational medicine specialist.

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