Ocean Commission Update

Coastal and Ocean Governance Review for Washington State

Presentation to Washington State Senate

Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean and Recreation

January 31, 2005

Marc J. HershmanProfessor, School of Marine Affairs

Adjunct Professor, School of Law

University of Washington

An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century

Low Water

12 NM

High Seas

Baselin

e

C.Z.

?? NM

T.S.

Continental Shelf

Expansion of ocean jurisdictionThe 1958 zonal approach

Thanks to Craig Allen

Deep Seabed

Hig

h S

eas

Uplands

Internalwaters

*Baselin

e*

*Baselin

e*

12 NM

Tidelands

12 NM

200 NM

EEZ(188 NM wide)

High WaterHigh WaterLow Low WaterWater

Continental Shelf

C.Z.

Submerged Lands

T.S.

Expansion of ocean jurisdictionThe modern regime

Thanks to Craig Allen

The renewal of national ocean policy

Bi-partisan panel Broad range of

expertise Geographic balance

The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

Presidential response

The President has 90 days to submit to Congress a statement of proposals to implement or respond to the Commission’s recommendations. The Bush Administration “Ocean Action Plan” was announced December 17, 2004.

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean governance framework

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

K-12 Higher Ed & the

workforce Informal ed

Education and the workforce

Education coordination and development are key functions within the National Ocean Council

Align education with workforce needs Develop diverse ocean-related education at all post-

secondary levels Promote federal stipends for ocean-related education at the

post-secondary level Encourage cross-disciplinary courses of ocean study

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

Watersheds Natural hazards Restoration Shorelines Commerce

Coastal management

Address growing costs of coastal hazards and data needs

Eliminate federal incentives that encourage inappropriate development

Better incorporate hazard risk into federal project analysis

Improve awareness of hazard risks Improve the National Flood

Insurance Program Improve hazard mitigation planning

Protection from natural hazards

www.ecy.wa.gov

Washaway Beach, WA

Ocean Shores, WA

www.ecy.wa.gov

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

Coastal pollution Monitoring Vessel

pollution

Invasive species Marine

debris

Water Quality and Pollution

Coastal waters under siege

Managing point sources of pollution

Managing nonpoint sources of pollution

Managing atmospheric sources of pollution

Addressing coastal water pollution

EPA office of water

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

FisheriesMammals

AquacultureOffshore non-living resources

Ocean Value and Vitality

Upgrade scientific input and separate scientific and management decisions

Strengthen research that supports management of commercial and recreational fishing

Clarify fishery management jurisdictions and upgrade interstate fishery organizations

Broaden Fishery Council membership

Achieving Sustainable Fisheries

Ocean Value and Vitality

Threats to marine mammals

Improving marine mammal protection

Meeting research and education needs

Applying ecosystem-based management

Protecting Marine Mammals

www.noaanews.noaa.gov

www.yoto98.noaa.gov

www.ucsc.edu

Ocean Value and Vitality

Coral ecosystems The existing management

framework International coral reef

protection Improving understanding of

corals

Preserving Coral Reefs

FKNMS

Marine Archaeology

Ocean Value and Vitality

Challenges to expansion

Developing and implementing national aquaculture policy

Increasing the knowledge base

International concerns and cooperation

Marine aquaculture

www.photolib.noaa.gov

Offshore Pacific threadfin (Moi) pen, HI

Ocean Value and Vitality

Links between oceans and human health Beneficial uses of marine-derived bio-products Negative health impacts of marine organisms Increasing federal coordination of oceans and

human health research

Connecting oceans and human health

www.wdfw.wa.gov

Ocean Value and Vitality

Non-living resources in federal waters

Oil and gas Methane hydrates Renewable energy Other marine minerals

Development of offshore energy and other mineral resources

Wave Dragon – a large offshore wave energy converter

www.wavedragon.net

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

PolicyAdvancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

Research Observing systems Technology Data

Research/ Education

Hydrothermal vent

ROV Tiburon

R/V Western Flyer

Monterey Bay Aquarium/ MBARI

Ocean Research/Observing Systems

The Neptune Project

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean policy framework

International ocean policy and science

Final Report Contents

Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean

Policy

Advancing our understanding

Education

America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge

Water Quality and Pollution

International role

Ocean Value & Vitality

The new ocean governance framework National Council

Regional Approach Offshore management Consolidation

Governance frameworkThe national level initiative

Executive Office of the President

National Ocean CouncilChair: Assistant to the

Presidentfor Ocean Affairs

Ocean Policy

Advisors(non-federal)

Scientific and Technical Advisors

Committee on Ocean Resource Management

Committee on Ocean Science, Applications and Technology

National Ocean Council

Develop goals for national ocean governance Recommend and oversee national ocean policy Coordinate/ integrate activities of federal ocean agencies Stimulate regional approaches to ocean management Identify redundancies Guide use of science for policy Support partnerships: agency/NGO, private/public Expand agency outreach Assess state of nation’s oceans and coasts

Functions

The regional approach

Take the initiative on ocean management Set agenda and determine organizational

structure Receive federal support Define regions (initially based on fisheries

management regions)

“Bottom-up” policy development

The regional approach

Characterize the region Develop goals and objectives Facilitate regional research Coordinate collaborative ocean

management Build awareness Develop regional ecosystem

assessments Monitor and evaluate regional

performance Identify opportunities for offshore uses (e.g.

renewable energy, MPA’s)

Potential functions

USGS

Improving governance of the offshore

Meet Growing Need

Clarify Offshore Responsibilities

Ensure fair return from use of resources

Use Marine Protected Areas as Appropriate

A coordinated management regime

Renewable ocean energy Offshore wind farms: Horns Rev, Denmark

www.hornsrev.dk

www.hornsrev.dk

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Dec. 17, 2004

Enhancing Leadership and Coordination Advancing ocean research and observations Improving natural resource use and

conservation Assisting coast and watershed management Supporting marine transportation Advancing international ocean science and

policy

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

Supporting Regional Collaborations

•Great Lakes Interagency Collaboration

•Regional Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico

•Regional Aquatic Resource Partnership for

the Southeast of US

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

Resource Management Actions

•Promote market based systems in fisheries•Foster balanced representation on fish councils•Establish guidelines for use of science in fisheries•Implement coral reef local action strategies•Propose offshore aquaculture legislation•Better integrate the existing network of marine managed areas•Support offshore energy development

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

Coast and Watershed Management

•Advance watershed conservation through the Farm Bill•Conserve and restore coastal habitat•Prevent the spread of invasive species•Reduce coastal water pollution•Reduce airborne pollution of coastal waters

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

Ocean Research and Observations

•Develop ocean research priorities plan•Build global earth observation network•Deploy new research and survey platforms•Develop national water quality monitoring network•Coordinate ocean and coastal mapping•Implement oceans, human health, hypoxia act•Promote lifelong ocean education

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

International Ocean Policy and Science

•Accede to UN Convention on the Law of the Sea•Strengthen implementation of London Convention•Reduce land-based sources of marine pollution•Approve ratification of MARPOL amendments on pollution from marine engines•Use large marine ecosystems concept in international context•Link global earth observation system with the global marine assessment

Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan

Make ICMTS Cabinet Level Implement Freight Action Agenda Assess Short Sea Shipping Update water level observation network near

seaports Launch Federal Clean Marina Challenge Decrease Vessel Air Emissions

Supporting Marine Transportation

Congressional Initiatives - 2003-04

NOAA Organic Legislation Ocean and Coastal Policy Ocean Exploration Ocean Mapping Oceans and Human Health Marine Debris Reduction Ocean and Coastal Observations Coast and Estuarine Land Protection Ocean Research Coordination

Coastal State and BC Initiatives

California Ocean Action Plan and Ocean Protection Council

Oregon Ocean Policy Advisory CouncilCanada Ocean Strategy; Cdn-BC

Implementation MOUHawaii Ocean and Coastal CouncilWashington: Proposed Ocean Policy

Review Commission

Washington State Situation

Emerging marine technologies and development/environmental trends

•Renewable ocean energy projects

•Fisheries enhancement and mariculture

•Ocean science and monitoring

•Marine Biotech and human health protection

•Climate change and variability effects

•Marine transit and short sea shipping

Washington State Situation

Links to Oregon and British Columbia

•Oregon: coordination on erosion, dredging, fisheries, research and ocean observing/monitoring systems

•British Columbia: coordination on water quality, habitat improvement, research, marine reserves, shipping safety

S. 5278 - Ocean Policy Review Commission

Modeled after US Commission Gets the dialogue started Take a fresh and independent look Build capacity to better assert state interests Provide sufficient funds for an independent

review

Thank you

The Project on Ocean Governance

School of Marine Affairs

University of Washington