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Oceania consists of Australia, the Pacific, and Antarctica.

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Australia is sometimes called The Island Continent.

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Early cartographers called it Terra Australis the southern land.

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Australians call their country The Land Down Under due to its location in the southern hemisphere Seasons are reversed in the southern hemisphere

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Australia is the oldest, flattest, and (except for Antarctica) the driest continent

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Most of Australia is desert

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Ayers Rock is called Uluru by the aborigines

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The Great Barrier Reef is located off of Australias northeastern coast

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It is the worlds largest coral reef

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Long isolation from other continents has created unique wildlife for Australia

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The platypus is one example

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Australia is home to 182 species of marsupial

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Marsupials carry their young in a pouch

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The Murray-Darling is Australias only major river system

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Lake Eyre is a salt lake that rarely contains water

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Tasmania is an island off the southeastern coast of Australia

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Unusual animals are also found in Tasmania

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The Tasmanian wolf, also called the Tasmanian tiger, is now extinct

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So are Tasmanias indigenous people

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Australia is made up of 6 states and 2 territories

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Most Australians live along the southeast coast.

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The aborigines are Australias indigenous people

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Aboriginal culture dates back 40,000 years

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Aborigines invented the boomerang and the didgeridoo

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Aboriginal art reflects themes from nature

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Early settlers came to Australia from Britains overcrowded prisons

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Major Australian cities include: Sydney, New South Wales

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Melbourne, Victoria

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Perth, Western Australia

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Darwin, Northern Territory

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Brisbane, Queensland

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Adelaide, South Australia

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Hobart, Tasmania

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Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

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The Australian national gemstone is the opal.

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Opals are mined in Coober Pedy. Many old mines have been converted to homes and shops.

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Australia also produces a lot of iron ore, which is why the rocks are red

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THE PACIFIC

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The Pacific was first mapped by Captain James Cook.

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Captain Cook was eventually killed and eaten by the native Hawaiians

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The Pacific region is made up of many islands, and most people there are Melanesian or Polynesian

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These are Micronesians

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New Zealand is made up of 2 main islands: the North Island and the South Island

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Major cities in New Zealand include Auckland and Wellington (the capital) on the North Island

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and Christchurch on the South Island

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New Zealand has many volcanoes

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Sheep outnumber people in New Zealand 20 to 1

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The only mammals native to New Zealand are bats

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New Zealanders are called Kiwis. The kiwi bird has no wings.

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The indigenous people of New Zealand are the Maori.

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The Maori are Polynesian. Tattoos were invented by Polynesians, and were once a substitute for clothing

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Papua New Guinea is Australias nearest neighbor

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The people of Papua New Guinea are Melanesian

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The Ring of Fire encircles the Pacific

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Atolls form around extinct volcanoes

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The Bikini Atoll

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The Bikini Atoll was the site of the first nuclear test

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Christmas Island is famous for the crabs that live there seasonally.

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Easter Island belongs to Chile

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It is also called Rapa Nui, and is famous for its giant head statues

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Many flags in Oceania feature the Union Jack (British flag), and the Southern Cross constellation.

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Here are some examples:

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ANTARCTICA

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Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and iciest continent Few species can survive the harsh Antarctic environment Mosses, lichens, and algae are the only plants found in Antarctica Seals and penguins live in Antarctica seasonally, on the Antarctic Peninsula Orca and other species of whale are also found in the waters surrounding the continent There are no mammals native to the Antarctic continent (no, not even polar bears).

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Antarctica is studied by scientists from over a dozen countries

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The ice cap covering Antarctica averages over a mile in thickness