OceanObs19Overview:ObservingTechnologyInnova3on-Satellite

Integra3on:Allsatelliteinnova3onisaccompaniedbymodelling/assimila3onadvancesandrequiresmatchingin-situinnova3onforCalValandforunderstandingtheoceanver3calstructureCon3nuity:Importanttransi3onfromsatelliteinnova3on/enhancementtocon3nuityandopera3onalsystems

OurOceanObsbreakoutsessionaddressedsatelliteinnova3onandenhancementinthecomingdecade2020-2030

•  Sea surface temperature/salinity:

•  Sea-level Al7metry

•  Ocean mass and bo<om pressure changes

•  Ocean vector winds currents waves

•  Ocean color, polarimetry and lidar for biogeochemistry

•  Synergy between mul7ple sensors

Intermediate recommenda7ons were available from each sub-session

Six sub-sessions were presented and discussed :

Sessionleads&discussionprocess:Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

Review&discussmajorsatelliteinnova3onfordifferentparameters&mul3plesensors

•  Sea surface temperature/salinity: N Vinogradova, J. Bou7n, A. O’Carroll, J. Hoyer, J. Vasquez

•  Sea-level Al7metry : R. Morrow, L.L. Fu, P.Y. Le Traon, A. Cazenave, G Chen

•  Ocean mass and bo<om pressure changes : V. Zlonicki, F. Landerer, C. Boening

•  Ocean vector winds currents waves : E. Rodriguez; F. Ardhuin; M. Bourassa, C. Gommenginger

•  Ocean color, polarimetry and lidar for biogeochemistry : E. Boss, S. Groom, C. Jamet

•  Synergy between mul7ple sensors : E. Boss, M. Bourassa, PY Le Traon, J. Bou7n

Six sub-sessions were presented for satellite innova7on, with the following session leads :

OceanObs Process (2h session) : a.  Review major satellite innova7on for different parameters & for mul7ple sensors (6 talks x 10 mins) b.  Discuss recommenda7ons for each component using sli.do c.  Discuss final recommenda7ons using sli.do

SSS&SSTrecommenda3ons

1.  Con3nuity,Higherresolu3on,BeMerAccuracya.  Newtechnology(egCIMR(ConicalImagingMicrowaveRadiometer),SMOS-HR(Soil

MoistureOceanSalinityHighResolu3on),AMSR2follow-on(inPhaseAbyJAXA))b.  ResiliencetoRFIc.  Mul3-frequency,Mul3parameterssynergy

2.  Improvedsatellitestability/uncertainty&errores3ma3on/valida3ona.  EnhancedFiducialReferenceMeasurements,b.  Enhancedvalida3onmethodologies:

a.  EnhancedknowledgeofSSS&SSTvariability(e.g.sub-pixel)b.  Enhancedphysicsofmeasurements(e.g.radiometricmodels)

3.  EmphasisonArc3candcoastalocean4.  Interna3onalcollabora3on

Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

Image:CIMR

Fine-scalesurfacetopographyrecommenda3ons:

•  Con3nuity:Maintainthepreciseal3metric3meseriesforglobalandregionalmeansealevelmonitoring

•  Enhancement:Extendthe3meseriesofhigh-resolu3onSARandwide-swathal3meterobserva3onsinthecoastalzone,marginalseasandhigh-la3tuderegions

•  Encourageco-ordinatedspace-3mesamplingfrommul3plemissions/agencies,plaZorms(incl.cubesats)&sensors

•  Combinewide-swathandnadiral3meterswithothersensorstobeMerobservethe2Doceanmesoscaleandsubmesoscalecircula3on(smaller,rapidscales),foroceanclimatestudies,coastalsealevelrise,shorelineretreat&erosionstudies

•  Maintainsomenon-sun-synchronousmissionstoobservewellcoastal/estuarinedynamicsand3des,andhigh-la3tude3desandinternal3des,importantintheocean’senergybudget,andforoceanmixing&dissipa3on

•  Uncertain3es:Con3nuedinvestmentintoFiducialReferenceMeasurementswithknownuncertain3esfortraceabilityandlong-termassessmentofSSHstability

Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

SatelliteGravimetryRecommenda3ons

• Accuratelymeasureregionaltoglobaloceanheatcontentoverdecadescombininggravimetry,al3metry,andin-situfloats.•  Ensurecon3nuityofmasschange/OBPmeasurementa]erGRACE-FO,asrecommendedbythe2018USNASEMDecadalSurvey.• Considertechnologiestoenhancesignaltonoisera3oandspa3alresolu3on<300km• Reducealiasingoffastsignalsbycoordina3ngsatellites(pairs)incomplementaryorbits,implementedbydifferentspaceagencies/partners.•  ImplementarobustsetofoceanboMompressuresta3onswithlongdeploymentsbothforvalida3onofglobalsatelliteOBPandforlocalstudiesintheirownright.

5

Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

Duringtheperiod2020-2030nohigh-la3tude/long-repeatal3metry,i.e.CryoSat-2andICESat-2willnotbeopera3onalandnosuccessorwillbeinorbit.Maingaps:1.   Samplingabove81.5N/S,anddensegroundtrackssamplingelsewhere.Thesegapshavemajor

implica3onsformonitoringArc3cseaice(la3tudinallimit),forAntarc3cseaice(groundtrackspacing),fortheAntarc3cicesheet(both),andfortheGreenlandicesheet(groundtrackspacing).(SWOTcoversto78°for3.5years)

2.  Gapinknowledgeofsnowloadingonseaice,&firnheightchangesoverthepolaricesheets(compactedsnow).Noestablishedsatelliteretrievalandfewinsituobserva3ons.Dualfrequency(e.g.laser+radarorka+kuradar)systemcouldhelp-moreworkisrequired.

Ice&Sea-IceRecommenda3onsAnyal3meterobserva3onsinanearpolarlongrepeatorbitfirst(eglaunchSen3nel3cinadifferentorbit),secondlyaduelfrequencysystem.

Sea-icetopographyrecommenda3ons: Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

Note:Recommenda1onsmadeinpre-conferenceemaildiscussions:Sea-IcecommunitynotpresentinSensorInnova1onsessiondiscussions

•  Observa3onsofmicrowaveradarDoppler/phasehavebeendemonstratedtoberelatedtooceansurfacecurrents.•  Airbornedemonstrators:AirSWOT,DopplerScaM,KaRADOC,KuROS,Wavemill•  Keyadvance:separa3onofsurfacecurrentsfromwind-wavecontamina3on

•  Useofrota3ngpencil-beamorsquintedantennabeamstoobtainvectorsurfacecurrents.•  Exis3ngmission:S-MODE(2019-2024)NASASuborbital-3Mission;Missionconceptcandidates:SKIM:ESAEarthExplorer9;WaCM:NASA;SEASTAR:ESAEarthExplorer10,11

Recommenda3ons:•  Satelliteobserva3onsofoceansurfacecurrentsshouldbeundertaken,withspace-3mesamplingtoresolvetheoceanmesoscale,equatorial,coastalandpolarcurrents,andtheirimpactonair-seainterac3ons.•  Simultaneousobserva3onsofoceancurrentsandwinds/wavesarehighlydesired

Oceansurfacewinds,currents,wavesrecommenda3ons: Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

Oceanbiology&biogeochemistryrecommenda3ons: Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

To obtain beMer constraints on oceanic par3cle composi3on, ver3caldistribu3on, size distribu3on and func3on (needed to constrain their role inoceanbiogeochemistry–e.g.biologicalcarbonpump),weneed:Passivescalarradiometer(OC):1.  Mul3-spectraliscoming.2.  Needimprovedalgorithms;3.  Needincreasedhorizontal,spectralandtemporalresolu3onforcoastalandinland

water(upcomingGLIMR);4.  Needimprovedatmosphere-oceanco-ordina3on.Lidar&Polarimeters1.  Lidarandpolarimetersthatareop3mizedforoceanretrievals.2.  Improvedalgorithmsanddatatovalidatethem.

• Dynamicalprocessesobservedbythedifferentinstrumentsarecomplementary,andthesynergis3cuseofmul3plesensorsisdesirable,butrequirescoordinatedsamplingformonitoringsmall-rapiddynamics,ormul3pleparameters/instrumentsonthesamepla]orm.

• Coordina3on:Mul3-agencyCo-ordinatedspace-3mesampling(virtualconstella3on)ofphysicalandbiologicalobserva3onsfromdifferentmissionsisessen3al,andwerecommendopeningmissionadvisorygroups&scienceteamstomembershipfromdifferentcountries&differentdisciplines.

Mul3-satellitesynergyrecommenda3ons: Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite

RosemaryMorrow&co-authors

Observing Technology Innova7on-Satellite : Final recommenda7ons (255 chars)

SatelliteInnova3onInResponsetoUserNeeds1)Enhancehigh-resolu3oncoverageinspaceand3meofsatelliteobserva3onsextendingintothepolarregions,coastalandregionalseas,andintheequatorialband,whilstmaintaininglong-termcon3nuityinthesatelliteobservingsystem.2)FlyMissionstocoverGapsinobservedoceanECVs/EOVswherethetechnologyexists:totalsurfacecurrents,wavespectra,ver3calplanktondistribu3on,….3)Promotesynergyandco-ordina3onbetweenagenciesfor(1)mul3plesensors,plaZormsanddisciplinesforanintegratedvirtualconstella3ontoobservetheocean’ssmallrapidscalesglobally,and(2)forin-situCalvalinfrastructure.