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Oct 2007 1
Standards
Presentation to Council29 January 2008
Oct 2007 2
Content
1. Standardisation and GI
2. International standards
3. European standards
4. British standards
5. INSPIRE and standards
Oct 2007 3
1. Standardisation & GI
Oct 2007 4
Standardisation
Activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.
BSi
Oct 2007 5
Types of standards
• By function:– Specification -requirements to be satisfied by product,
material or process– Method - formalised way of doing something– Codes of practice - good, accepted practice – Guidance– Glossaries
• By origin:– De facto– De jure– Proprietary
Oct 2007 6
What should a standard be?
• Wanted • Usable • Used• Impartial • Beneficial • Up-to-date• Have wide application
Oct 2007 7
Standards only become binding
• If made mandatory in law
• If a party contracted to work to them
• If claim of conformance to it is made
Oct 2007 8
Consensual process
Standards body
PublishStandard
Technical committee
Agree toissue
asStandard
How standards are produced
Industry oruser community
Industry oruser community
Consult with wider
community
Adoptdraft
standard
Producedraft
standard
SubmitWork Item
Proposal
Formworking
group
IdentifyIdentifyneed for for standardstandard
NominatemembersComment
and
response
Iterate
Adopt standard
Iterate Iterate
For de jure standards only.
The process varies between different bodies
Receive feedback
Keep under reviewafter
publication
Oct 2007 9Education
Data content
Data Access
Users
Geore
fere
ncin
g
Standardisation
Scope of standardisation for GIReference modelsModelling languages
TerminologyConformance and
testing
Referencing by coordsGeodetic codes and
parametersGeographic identifiers
Gazetteers
Models (schemas)Data specificationsFeature cataloguing
QualityMetadata
Web servicesLocation based
servicesPositioning services
Data transfer
QualificationsCertification
Oct 2007 10
Who is involved in GI standards?
Users
Vendors
Data producers
MilitaryNational
Standardsbodies
CEN
ISO
OGC
Governments
INSPIRE
GovernmentsGovernmentsCentral
Govt
National Standards
bodies
National Standards
bodies
National Standards
bodies
National Standards
body
LocalGovtLocal
GovtLocalGovtLocal
Govt
Dublin Core
Dublin Core
Oct 2007 11
And the UK context?Users
Vendors
Data producers
Military
BSiIST/36
CENTC/287
ISOTC/211
OGC
Central Govt
INSPIREIDeA
Dublin Core
Dublin Core
Oct 2007 12
2. International standards
Oct 2007 13
ISO and OGC
• ISO = International Organization for Standardisation
• ISO TC/211 – Technical Committee for Geographic Information/ Geomatics
• OGC® = Open Geospatial Consortium Inc
ISO/TC 211
OGCOpen Geospatial Consortium, Inc
®
Oct 2007 14
Work of ISO/TC 211• Standardizing in the field of digital geographic information. • Establishing a structured set of standards for information
concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.
• Specifying methods, tools and services for:– data management (including definition and description),– data acquisition, processing and analysis – accessing, presenting and transferring data in digital form between
different users, systems and locations.
• Linking to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible
• Providing a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.
Oct 2007 15
Aim of ISO/TC 211...
• Develop a family of international standards to:– support the understanding and usage of GI– increase the availability, access, integration, and
sharing of geographic information, – enable inter-operability of geospatially enabled
computer systems– contribute to a unified approach to addressing global
ecological and humanitarian problems– ease the establishment of geospatial infrastructures
on local, regional and global level– contribute to sustainable development
Oct 2007 16
Open Geospatial Consortium
• International industry consortium of 340 companies, government agencies and universities.
• Consensus process to develop publicly available interface specifications.
• Specifications support interoperable solutions that "geo-enable" the Web, wireless and location-based services, and mainstream IT.
• Specifications enable technology developers to make spatial information and services accessible and useful with many types of applications.
Oct 2007 17
OGC approach
• Organise interoperability projects• Work towards consensus• Formalise OGC specifications• Develop strategic business opportunities• Develop strategic partnerships• Promote demand for interoperable
products
Oct 2007 18
Relationship ISO/TC 211 and OGC
• Cooperative agreement between ISO/TC 211 and OGC– Common objectives– Complementary work programmes– Sharing resources– Avoidance of inconsistent standards
Oct 2007 19
ISO/TC 211 standards (1)• ISO 6709:1983 - Standard representation of
latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations
• ISO 6709 - Revision• ISO 19101 - Reference model• ISO 19101-2 – Reference Model – Part 2:
Imagery• ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema
language• ISO 19104 - Terminology• ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing• ISO 19106 - Profiles• ISO 19107 - Spatial schema• ISO 19108 - Temporal schema• ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema• ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing
methodology• ISO 19110 - Amendment
• ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates
• ISO 19111 - Revision• ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by
geographic identifiers• ISO 19113 - Quality principles• ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures• ISO 19115 – Metadata• ISO 19115-2 – Metadata – Part 2:
Extensions for imagery and gridded data• ISO 19116 - Positioning services• ISO 19117 – Portrayal• ISO 19118 – Encoding• ISO 19118 - Revision• ISO 19119 – Services• ISO 19119 - Amendment• ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards• ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data
Italics = not published
For the latest information look on the ISO/TC 211 website
http://www.isotc211.org
Oct 2007 20
ISO/TC 211 standards (2)• ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and
certification of personnel• ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry
and functions• ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data
components• ISO 19125 - Simple feature access• ISO 19126 – Feature concepts dictionaries
and registers• ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and
parameters• ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface• ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage
data framework• ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for
imagery and gridded data• ISO 19131 - Data product specification• ISO 19132 - Location based services
reference model• ISO 19133 - Location based services
tracking and navigation• ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based
services for routing and navigation
• ISO 19135 - Procedures for item registration
• ISO 19136 - Geography Markup Language (GML)
• ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas
• ISO 19138 - Data quality measures• ISO 19139 - Metadata – XML schema
implementation specification• ISO 19141 - Schema for moving features• ISO 19142 - Web Feature Service• ISO 19143 - Filter encoding• ISO 19144 - Classification Systems • ISO 19145 -Registry of representations of
geographic point location • ISO 19146 -Cross-domain vocabularies • ISO 19147 - Location Based Services -
Transfer Nodes • ISO 19148 -Location Based Services -
Linear Referencing System
Oct 2007 21
3. European standards
Oct 2007 22
CEN/TC 287
• Technical Committee of CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) for geographic information.
• NEN, the Dutch standards body runs the Secretariat• The committee are:
– Producing a framework of standards for GI in Europe– Working with ISO/TC 211 to avoid duplication
• Aim is:– To support the consistent use of GI Europe– Ensure compatibility with international usage. – Support spatial data infrastructure (SDI)
Oct 2007 23
CEN/TC 287 work programme• Adopt the ISO 19XXX standards as European standards
– 22 published to date • Standards and profiles for European SDI
– Identification of standards – Guidelines for implementers of SDI– Conformance testing and registers for SDI
• Particular areas of interest– Web Map Service (WMS) – Metadata profile of ISO 19115 – GI metadata catalogue service – e-Government
Oct 2007 24
CEN/TC 287 and ISO/TC 211
• Maintain close liaison• Vienna Agreement CEN and ISO – aims:
– Optimal use of resources– Information exchange – Transparency of work in CEN and ISO
• Provides for cooperation by:– Correspondence and exchange of information– Mutual representation at meetings;– Parallel approval of standards at international and European
levels.
Oct 2007 25
4. British standards
Oct 2007 26Education
Data content
Data Access
Users
Geore
fere
ncin
g
Standardisation
Current British Standards in scope
Spatial datasets for geographical referencing
BS 7666
UK GEMINI(Metadata standard –
profile of ISO 19115
Oct 2007 27
Overall purpose of BS 7666
– Identifying and defining geographic objects in scope
– Standardising ways of sharing and accessing information about the geographic objects
– Standardising ways of addressing objects– Aiding the creation of local gazetteers– Enabling the creation of national gazetteers
Oct 2007 28
Structure of revised standardISO 19112
Geographic information – spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
BS 7666 - 0Spatial datasets for
geographical referencing: Part 0 - General model
BS 7666-1Specification
for a street
gazetteer
BS 7666-2Specification
for a land &
propertygazetteer
BS 7666-5Specification
for a gazetteer
of delivery points
AnnexPROWs
Oct 2007 29
5. INSPIRE and standards
Oct 2007 30
INSPIRE and ISO standards• Directive highlights role of international standards• INSPIRE Drafting Team used standards-based approach• Based on the ISO 19100 series because:
– Derived through a consensus process with a large number of information communities
– Sufficiently complete and mature to be used e.g. as framework for the development of data specifications
– Other SDI approaches recommend or use the ISO 19100 series of International Standards as the foundation for developing data specifications
– There is no comparable European set of standards
Oct 2007 31
Standards cited in the INSPIRE General Conceptual Model (GCM)
• EN ISO 19101:2005, Geographic information — Reference model• ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic Information — Conceptual schema language• EN ISO 19107:2005, Geographic information — Spatial schema• EN ISO 19108:2005, Geographic information — Temporal schema• EN ISO 19109:2006, Geographic Information — Rules for application schemas• EN ISO 19110:2006, Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing• ISO 19111:2007, Geographic Information – Spatial referencing by coordinates• EN ISO 19112:2005, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic
identifiers• EN ISO 19115:2005, Geographic information — Metadata• ISO 19123:2003, Geographic information — Schema for coverage geometry and functions• OGC 06-103r3, Implementation Specification for Geographic Information - Simple feature
access - Part 1: Common Architecture v1.2.0– NOTE This is an updated version of "EN ISO 19125-1:2006, Geographic information – Simple
feature access – Part 1: Common architecture" which should be revised accordingly.• ISO 19126:--[2], Geographic Information – Feature concept dictionary and registers• ISO 19131:2007, Geographic Information – Data Product Specification• ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information — Procedures for item registration• ISO 19136:2007, Geographic Information – Geography Markup Language• ISO/TS 19139:2009, Geographic Information – Metadata – XML Schema implementation• ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified
Modelling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
[1] to be published, currently
in FDIS stage[2] to be published, currently in CD stage[3] to be published, currently in FDIS stage[4] to be published, currently in DIS stage[5] to be published, sent to ISO Central Secretariat for publication
Oct 2007 32
Summary - Standards Committee
• Official BSI committee
• Approve British Standards
• Formal UK input to ISO/TC 211, CEN/TC 287
• Input to INSPIRE through AGI
• Guidelines for implementation