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October 1, 2005
Applying Advanced Water Treatment Technology in the Largest Facility in
North America
Chad Hill, Vice President – Black & Veatch
Page - 3
National Focus Shifts to Water
1993 - Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee
403,000 illnesses
Estimated 100+ deaths
25 lawsuits, continuing over 6 years ($millions)
They never violated any drinking water standards.
Data Source: New England Journal of Medicine, July 21, 1994, Vol. 331, No. 3, pp 161-167.
Page - 5
Time Had Come to Reinvest in Water Utility
1900’s facilities ready for retirement
1994 - Wide-scale "Study" of treatment plants began at Minneapolis
1994 – 1999 Studies found:
Watershed is much more vulnerable to “Crypto” than Milwaukee
Recommended 99.9999% removal (6.0 LRV) to address the risk (note: later EPA regulations are less stringent)
"Microsporidium" found (elsewhere) even smaller than "Crypto"
Page - 6
Solution - Ultrafiltration Membranes
Module Divisions for even flow distribution
By-pass tubes
Highly porousmembrane
Page - 7
How to Sell a $160M Program
Sincere and prudent approach
Gain grass roots support
Public Health officials
Academia
Citizen advocacy groups
Regulators
Work closely and often with Council and Mayor
Page - 8
MWW Treatment System
MississippiRIVER
RECARBONATION RESERVOIR
75 MG
BYPASS
ULTRAFILTRATION
RESERVOIR
MIX / COAG. / FLOC. / SETTLE
SAND FILTERS
SOFTENING
TO DISTRIBUTION
Page - 10
The Numbers
377 square feet of Membrane surface per module (about 9,600 fibers per module)
4 modules per vessel
28 vessels per UF Unit
40 UF Units
1,688,960 sq. feet of Membrane Area
43,008,000 = total number of fibers
Page - 16
How Much Did it Cost?
Ultrafiltration equipment
$17 Million
Building, installation ancillary plant
$ 36 Million