October 11, 2010

• Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science. – ~Edwin Powell Hubble, The Nature of

Science, 1954

• Don’t forget the Greenhouse effect online discussion. READ THE RUBRIC FIRST!!

• Due OCT 18

The Chemistry of Life (Biochemistry)

• active site• amino acids • Benedict’s solution• biomolecule• Biuret’s• carbohydrate • catalyst• cellulose

More Vocabulary

• enzyme

• fats

• fatty acids

• glucose

• glycerol

• glycogen

• hemoglobin

More Vocabulary

• insulin

• Iodine

• lipid

• lock and key model

• monosaccharides

• nucleic acid

More Vocabulary

• deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

• nucleotide

• peptide bond  

• protein

• ribonucleic acid (RNA)

• starch

• substrate

Vocabulary assignment

• Vocabulary is important.

• By Friday, make a stack of index cards with the words on one side and the definition or meaning on the other

• On some of these, an illustration would also be appropriate

Essential Question (EQ): What is life made of?

All existence is made of matter and/or energy (shut up about anti-matter and dark matter)

Energy = Light, radiation, heat, etc

Matter = has mass, takes up space

Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.

• What does this mean?

• We will be dealing with matter right now

Matter

• Made of atoms• Atoms are the

smallest part of a substance that has the characteristics of that substance.

• In other words, an atom of gold is still gold, an atom of hydrogen is still hydrogen

http://www.calcuttahams.com/images/atom1.jpg

Atoms

• Made of electrons, protons, and neutrons

• Electrons are outside, protons and neutrons inside

• Electrons have a negative charge

• Protons have a positive charge

• Neutrons are neutral

http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/les4/genes/atom_2.jpg

Atoms and elements

• Because electrons are on the outside, they determine how atoms react

• The number of protons and electrons in a typical atom are equal.

• The number of neutrons may vary. Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called isotopes and are often radioactive

Molecules

• Two or more atoms join together to form molecules.

• Molecules with more than one element are called compounds

http://jmgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/640px-water_molecule_3dsvg1.png

Compounds

• Compounds have more than one element

• They are a subset of molecules

• This compound, from broccoli is indole-3-carbinol

• is undergoing clinical trials in humans because it was found to stop the growth of breast and prostate cancer cells in mice.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2008/12/images/broccoli-diagram.jpg&imgrefurl=http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2008/12/02_indole.shtml&usg=__7NvrggULbZkZw5RO9OD03G6c1so=&h=224&w=250&sz=9&hl=en&start=11&sig2=t781ZhDVIMyoYI-dot1bcg&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Jw0PFT9sKm08GM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bcompound%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7ADBR_en%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=yD2yTP3-D4P58Abr6sjICw

Basic types of organic molecules

• Organic means “from life”

• Types are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab6/HCH.gif

Solutions

• Basically, life takes place dissolved in water.

• Water is known as the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than anything else we know

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/imgche/waterbond.gif

Classes of organic chemicals, the basics

• There are 4 main types of organic molecules

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

Proteins

• What do proteins do in living things?

• Examples: insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes, muscles, hormones, hair

• Test for proteins is Biurets solution

• Proteins are made of subunits of amino acids

• The complicated shape of proteins is very important

Proteins

• -Control the rate of reactions -Regulate cell processes -Form bones and muscles -Transport substances into or out of cells -Help to fight disease

Enzymes

• Enzymes are the protein molecules which are involved in the metabolic reactions in the body.

• There is a particular enzyme for each reaction

• Can speed up, slow down, or cause a reaction to occur

http://isbibbio.wikispaces.com/file/view/bio_enzyme1.gif/30244770/bio_enzyme1.gif

Hormones

• Are proteins which act as chemical messengers

• Usually smaller than enzymes

• Still have specific shapes

http://www.pdb.org/pdb/education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/images/hormones.gif