Air emission inventories and scenariosAir emission inventories and scenariosin Finland

Finnish Environment InstituteKristina Saarinen

AIR EMISSION INVENTORIES

THE NATIONAL AIR EMISSION INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLAND

UNFCCC UNECE/CLRTAP EEA

O ONATIONAL INVENTORY AGENCY

Greenhouse gases

NATIONAL INVENTORY AGENCY

Air Pollutants

STATFI SYKE

SYKEFi i h

STATFIMTTMETLA VTTState Technical Finnish

Environment Institute

Statistics Finland

Agrifood Finland

Finnish Forest Research Institute

State Technical Research

Centre

ORGANISATION OF INVENTORIES IN FINLAND

CLOSE COOPERATION

- experts/expert institutes - environmental authorities, industry, research - Nordic countries (similar conditions & problems)Nordic countries (similar conditions & problems)

ACTIVE WORK

- national methodology- international groups

in entor re ie s- inventory reviews

NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDwww. stat.fi/greenhousegases

Administrative Greenhouse Gas Inventory based on the Law of Administrative data

Greenhouse Gas Inventory, based on the Law of Statistics, protocols, agreements and contracts

VAHTID t t d b Fi i h F t R h

Annual InventoryE i i

Data reported by the operators

Civil Aviation Administration

Finnish Forest Research Institute METLA

Agrifood FinlandMTT

Statistics FinlandNational Entity

ysubmissions

to EU and UNFCCCEmission

trading registryFINAVIA MTT

National EntityOther State Technical

Research Centre VTTStatistics Finland

STATFIFinnish Environment

Institute SYKE

Advisory Board: Relevant ministries, the Energy Market Authority and SYKE, METLA and MTT

NATIONAL AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDi t fi St t f th i t Aiwww.environment.fi > State of the environment > Air

Administrative data

Air Pollutant Inventory, based on protocols, agreements and contractsagreements and contracts

VAHTIData reported by

the operators

Finnish Environment Institute

N ti l E tit

Annual Inventorysubmissions to EU Emission

trading registr

the operators

National Entity and UNECE CLRTAPtrading registry

Other

Inquiries Industry

Environmental

State Technical Research Centre

VTT

Civil Aviation Administration

FINAVIA

Finnish Environment

Institute SYKEauthorities

NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDNATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDwww. stat.fi/greenhousegases

Administrative Greenhouse Gas Inventory based on the Law of Administrative data

Greenhouse Gas Inventory, based on the Law of Statistics, protocols, agreements and contracts

VAHTID t t d b Fi i h F t R h

Annual InventoryE i i

Data reported by the operators

Civil Aviation Administration

Finnish Forest Research Institute METLA

Agrifood FinlandMTT

<<1

Statistics FinlandNational Entity

ysubmissions

to EU and UNFCCCEmission

trading registryFINAVIA MTT

<< 1 ~ 1

National EntityOther State Technical

Research Centre VTTStatistics Finland

STATFI~ 4

2Finnish EnvironmentInstitute SYKE

~ 2< 1

~ 1

Advisory Board: Relevant ministries, the Energy Market Authority and SYKE, METLA and MTT

NATIONAL AIR POLLUTANT INVENTORY SYSTEM IN FINLANDwww environment fi > State of the environment > Airwww.environment.fi > State of the environment > Air

Administrative data

Air Pollutant Inventory, based on protocols, data agreements and contracts

VAHTIData reported by

Finnish Environment Institute

Annual Inventorysubmissions to EU Emission

the operators

National Entitysubmissions to EU

and UNECE CLRTAPtrading registry

Other~1,5

Inquiries Industry

Environmental

State Technical Research Centre

VTT

Civil Aviation Administration

FINAVIA

Finnish Environment

Institute SYKEEnvironmental authorities ~ 3 < 1<<1

STATISTICS VAHTI

IPTJIPTJAIR EMISSION DATA SYSTEM

ENERGY

STATISTICS & INQUIERIES

VAHTI Environmental reportsAT SYKE

IPTJ Energysubmodel

IPTJ Industrial Processessubmodel

IPTJ Waste and wastewaters

submodel

ENERGY STATISTICS

CRF data

IPTJIPTJ

IPTJ Solvents and product use

submodel

CRF-dataEnergy Sector

Statistics Finland

IPTJIPTJFinal.mdb

Acces-tietokanta

IPTJSQL-Server db

Fur Domestic

IPTJ Agriculture submodel

Fertilizers

F-gasesEmission data

Fur animals

Domesticanimals

HERTTAAhvenanmaa

submodel SYKE / KEM

LIISA TYKO Colour codes

User interface

LIPASTO ÅLAND

submodel

ILMI

MEERI

RAILI

Users

TYKOVTT Off-Road

calc. model

Colour codesIntegral partEmission dataActivity data

LIPASTOVTT Transport

Calc. model

ÅLANDTerritory

80

90Mg

FINNISH AIR POLLUTANT TIME SERIES (1980-) 1990-2005700Gg

30

40

50

60

70

500

600

0

10

20

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

PMtot PM10 PM2,5

Finnish HCB emissions 1990-2004

300

400

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

45,0

100

200

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004kg/a

Energy industries Road transportation Residential combustion Industrial processes

01980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

SO2 Nox NH3 NMVOC CO600Mg

gy p pSolvent and product use Agriculture Waste incineration

30

35

40

45

400

500

15

20

25

30

200

300

0

5

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

PCDD/F [g l-TEQ] PAH-4 [Mg] HCB [kg]

0

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Pb Cd Hg As Cr Cu Ni Zn

NFR % of national

total

Total release.

Gg

% reported

by the plants

NFR % of national

total

Total release.

Gg

% reported

by the plants

EMISSION DATA BY SECTOR & REGIONALLY

1A1a 0.6 0.9 6.0 1A4ciii 0.1 0.1 0.0

1A1b < 0.1 0.1 23.3 1A5a < 0.1 < 0.1 0.0

Energy39 %

Transport33 %

1A1c < 0.1 < 0.1 0.0 1A5b 0.1 0.1 0.0

1A2a 0.1 0.1 0.1 1B1b 0.1 0.2 0.0Waste0 %

Solvent and other

Industrial processes

7 %

1A2b < 0.1 < 0.1 30.2 1B2ai < 0.1 < 0.1 100.0

1A2c < 0.1 0.1 26.1 1B2aiv 2.8 3.9 100.0

and other product

use21 %

1A2d 0.2 0.3 17.7 1B2av 2.9 4.1 7.9

1A2e < 0.1 < 0.1 0.0 2A1 0.1 0.1 17.6

1A2f 1.7 2.4 2.3 2A5 0.2 0.3 0.0

1A3aii(i) 0.1 0.1 0.0 2A6 0.3 0.4 0.0

1A3 ii(ii) 0 1 0 1 0 0 2A7 0 1 0 1 96 91A3aii(ii) < 0.1 < 0.1 0.0 2A7 0.1 0.1 96.9

1A3bv 5.1 7.2 0.0 2B5 2.3 3.2 100.0

1A3bi 16 0 22 5 0 0 2C1 0 6 0 9 67 01A3bi 16.0 22.5 0.0 2C1 0.6 0.9 67.0

1A3bii 0.9 1.3 0.0 2C2 < 0.1 < 0.1 100.0

1A3biii 2 5 3 5 0 0 2C5 < 0 1 < 0 1 99 9

DATAFLOW BETWEEN GHG & AP INVENTORIES

STATISTICS FINLAND Greenho se Gases

FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE Air Poll tants

ILMARI

Greenhouse Gases INSTITUTE – Air Pollutants

ENERGY SECTOR IPTJIPTJILMARI Data System for

FuelBasedEmissions

intercomparison ofFUEL & CO2 data

in CRF format

IPTJ IPTJ Data system for Air Data system for Air

PollutantsPollutants

E NMVOC ( ll i i f t in CRF format Energy: NMVOC (all emission factors + emissions from 1B2- Oil&Gas)

Industrial processes: F gases, NMVOCSolvent Use: NMVOCW t CH4 N2O

National GHGNational GHG National AP

Waste: CH4 + N2O

at o a G Gat o a G Gdatabasedatabase

National AP database

THE INVENTORY YEAR FOR AIR POLLUTANTSNIR-CLRTAP15.5.

NFR data15.2.NEC

31.12.

COLLECTION OF DATA-STATISTICSCOLLECTION OF DATA-STATISTICS

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS COMPARISON OF FUEL DATAENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS COMPARISON OF FUEL DATAPREPARATION

OF NIR PREPARATION

OF NIR

March-April-May-June-July-August-September-October-November-December-January - February

STATISTICS-QUESTIONNAIRES STATISTICS

-QUESTIONNAIRES COMPARISON OF FUEL DATA

TO CRF DATACOMPARISON OF FUEL DATA

TO CRF DATACALCULATION OF

NON-ENERGY SOURCESCALCULATION OF

NON-ENERGY SOURCES CALCULATION OFENERGY/PROCESSCALCULATION OF

ENERGY/PROCESS

OF NIR OF NIR

COLLECTION COLLECTION

ENERGY/PROCESSSOURCES

ENERGY/PROCESSSOURCES

CALCULATION OFGHG EMISSIONS

CALCULATION OFGHG EMISSIONSCHECK FOR CHECK FOR COLLECTION

OF WASTE ACTIVITYDATA

COLLECTION OF WASTE

ACTIVITYDATAPREPARATION

OF NIR PREPARATION

OF NIR

GHG EMISSIONSGHG EMISSIONSCHECK FOR UNFCCC

submission

CHECK FOR UNFCCC

submission

March-April-May-June-July-August-September-October-November-December-January - February

EU-CRF30.12.

UNFCCC-CRF15.1.

March-April-May-June-July-August-September-October-November-December-January - February

THE INVENTORY YEAR FOR GHGs

MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT OF THE INVENTORIESMANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT OF THE INVENTORIES

Regular meetings-Inventory experts-QAQC issues -Source sector specific issues

QAQC in preparation of inventories - Target ISO 9001 or equal level- Involves all experts participating inventory workInvolves all experts participating inventory work

Development of methodologiesExpert institutes + inventory agencies- Expert institutes + inventory agencies

- National and international projects- Coordination between methodologies: UNFCCC, CLRTAP, EPER, PRTR

USE OF POINT SOURCE DATAUSE OF POINT SOURCE DATA

REPORTING OPTIONS FOR THE OPERATOR • Environmental permit & CO2 permit• PRTR

USE OF BOTTOM-UP DATA IN THE INVENTORIES

STATISTIC FINLANDSTATISTIC FINLAND SYKESYKESTATISTIC FINLANDSTATISTIC FINLAND SYKE SYKE

UNFCCC and CLRTAP reporting guidelinesU CCC a d C epo t g gu de esIPCC, EMEP/CORINAIR inventory guidelines

VAHTIVAHTIEmission Trading Register

Emission Trading Register

VAHTIRegional Environment Centres’

database for supervision

VAHTIRegional Environment Centres’

database for supervision

CHECK & APPROVAL BY ENVIRONMETAL AUTHORITY CHECK & APPROVAL BY ENVIRONMETAL AUTHORITY

• Requirements in the permit• Estimation of Total Uncertainty• QMS, EMS

• Requirements in the permit• Estimation of Total Uncertainty• QMS, EMS

Verified according to EU regulationsVerified according to EU regulations

,,

Environmental permit PRTR

CO2 permit

EMISSION SCENARIOS

Finnish Regional Emission Scenario (FRES) modelwww.environment.fi/syke/pm-modeling

• Anthropogenic emissions 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020 (several activity scenarios)

• Comprehensive and congruent calculation for primary and secondary PMsp g p y y•primary PM (TSP, PM10 - 2.5 - 1 - 0.1, chemical composition in size classes)•SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC

• Abatement technologies and costs

• Aggregation: 8 main sectors, over 100 sub-sectors

• Large point sources (~ 250), area emissions (1 × 1km2)

• Several emission heights

Finnish emissions in 2000 (Mg/a) 1 x 1 km2 level, presented at 10 x 10 km2 grid

Organic carbonBlack

carbonPM2.5carbon

SO2 NOx NH3 NMVOC

Primary PM2 5 by sectors (Mg/a) in Finland (2000)Primary PM2.5 by sectors (Mg/a) in Finland (2000)at 1 x 1 km2 level, presented at 1 x 1 km2 grid

Road traffic Residential combustion

Agriculture(NH3)

Other areasources

120Dust & other sourcesTS

P

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Climate Strategy 2001

80

100

Dust & other sourcesIndustrial processesPower plants and ind. combustionDomestic combustionTraffic and machinery, exhaust

TP

M10

S deposition

Primary PM emissions (Gg/a)

40

60 PM

2.5

PM

1

S deposition 2010 Baseline

0

20

1990 2000 2010 2020 2010 20102020 2020 N deposition 1990 2000 2010 2020 2010 20102020 2020Kyoto-gas Kyoto-nuclearBaseline

250

300Industrial processesPower plants and ind. combustionDomestic combustionTraffic and machinery, exhaust

N deposition 2010 Baseline

Emissions (Gg/a)

150

200

y,

SO2 NOx

Reduction need

50

100

Reduction needagainst acidifiction

2010 Baseline

Karvosenoja, Johansson, Kupiainen 2003Syri, Karvosenoja, Lehtilä, Laurila, Lindfors, Tuovinen 2002

0

1990

1990

2000

2010

2020

2000

2010

2010

2010

2010

2010

2020

2020

2020

2020

2020

K-G K-GK-NBA K-NBA

PM2.5 concentrations in 2000 and 2020 caused by Finnish primary PM emissions

2000 -> 2020:•16% decrease 16% decrease

in emissions

PM2.5 concentrations in 2000 PM2.5 concentrations in 2020

European PM2.5 concentrations 2000

-Models: HIRLAM 6 + SILAM-Emissions: EMEP / FRES 2000-Resolution: 30 / 5 km

Population * PM2 5 concentrations = population exposurePopulation PM2.5 concentrations = population exposure

2000 > 20202000 -> 2020:16% decrease in emissions(mainly from traffic sources in densely populated areas) in densely populated areas) -> 22% decrease in population exposure

Population Population exposure

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