19
OECD Skills for Jobs Database Fabio Manca– Labour Market Economist Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate Skills and Employability Division
OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Fabio Manca– Labour Market Economist
Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate
Skills and Employability Division
Too many workers are mismatched, over or under-qualified
Czech Republic: 16%
Finland: 28%
Germany: 37%
Portugal: 43%
Greece: 44%
Source: OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Mismatch is pervasive
80 million workers
in European countries are
mismatched by qualifications
Source: OECD Skills for Jobs Database
13 M
10 M
9 M
Substantial wage penalty
• - 24 % for workers mismatched by field and qualifications
Field of Study mismatch
Wage penalties can be substantial Mismatched by field and over-qualified
-50%
-45%
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
Source: Montt (2015)
Finland
- 6.500 EUR/year Spain
- 5.900 EUR/year
Germany
- 9.800 EUR/year
Italy
- 4.000 EUR/year
Mismatches can co-exist with Shortages
0 20 40 60 80 100
Ireland
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Czech Republic
Finland
Belgium
Slovenia
Italy
Slovak Republic
France
Norway
Canada
United States
OECD (27)
Austria
Sweden
Poland
Switzerland
Australia
Germany
Hungary
New Zealand
Turkey
Mexico
Greece
Japan
1.3 M
>1 M firms face skills shortages
Vacancies remain unfilled for too long
Delays in production
Slow adoption of technologies
Manpower talent Shortage Survey -2015
Re-training costs
What skills?
New OECD Skills for Jobs Database
OECD Skills for Jobs database
Objective and comparable information
Wage
Employment
Unemployment
Hours worked
Under-qualification
Radically different approach from what is already existing
Ranking occupations
1 Information and communications technology professionals
2 Science and engineering associate professionals
3 Business and administration associate professionals
4 Health professionals
… …
… …
… …
30 Cleaners and helpers
31 Protective services workers
32 Personal care workers
33 Street and related sales and service workers
OECD Skills for Jobs database
Objective and comparable information
Wage
Employment
Unemployment
Hours worked
Under-qualification
Radically different approach from what is already existing
O*NET
Knowledge
Abilities
Skills
Critical thinking
Complex problem solving
Engineering and technology
Arts and humanities
Deductive reasoning
Finger dexterity
OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Results
Skill shortages across EU countries and South Africa
10 OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Most occupations in High-Demand share the characteristic of requiring a strong command of Computers and Electronics Knowledge
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
FIN ESP AUT LUX ITA POL LVA IRL ISL EST GBR SVK NLD BGR DEU NOR SWE BEL ROU DNK FRA CZE SVN PRT GRC ZAF CHE LTU HUN
Computers and Electronics
Critical shortage Shortage Surplus Critical surplus
• Software developers, • Computer Engineers • … • Bio-informatics Technicians
11 OECD Skills for Jobs Database
… or the Knowledge of Medicine and Dentistry
Skill shortages across EU countries and South Africa
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
LUX BEL NLD FIN BGR CZE IRL CHE SVK EST SWE PRT GRC GBR HUN ISL SVN AUT ESP LVA ROU ZAF FRA DEU DNK POL ITA LTU NOR
Medicine and Dentistry
Critical shortage Shortage Surplus Critical surplus
• Pathologists • Nurses, Surgeons • … • Nuclear medicine physicians
12 OECD Skills for Jobs Database
… or the Knowledge of Mathematics
Skill shortages across EU countries and South Africa
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
FIN ESP LUX DEU ISL AUT GBR SVK DNK SWE ITA ROU LVA NLD FRA BGR IRL EST POL NOR CZE BEL SVN GRC LTU ZAF HUN PRT CHE
Mathematics Knowledge
Critical shortage Shortage Surplus Critical surplus
• Physics teachers • Mechanical Engineers • … • Economists
Surpluses?
14 OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Changes in the labour market are also releasing pressure (demanding less) skills related to more traditional areas such as Knowledge in Building and Construction
Skill shortages across EU countries and South Africa
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
ISL DNK FRA DEU GBR SVK SWE NOR NLD POL LVA AUT LUX PRT CZE ITA LTU CHE BEL GRC SVN HUN ESP FIN BGR ROU ZAF IRL EST
Building and Construction
Critical shortage Shortage Surplus Critical surplus
Losers are routine occupations as well as those using physical abilities (strength, finger dexterity…)
15 OECD Skills for Jobs Database
Time Evolution of Shortages and Surpluses
-0.020
-0.015
-0.010
-0.005
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
Writ
ten
Exp
ress
ion
Writ
ten
Com
preh
ensi
on
Ora
l Exp
ress
ion
Ded
uctiv
e R
easo
ning
Indu
ctiv
e R
easo
ning
Flu
ency
of I
deas
Ora
l Com
preh
ensi
on
Pro
blem
Sen
sitiv
ity
Orig
inal
ity
Mat
hem
atic
al R
easo
ning
Spe
ech
Cla
rity
Per
iphe
ral V
isio
n
Gla
re S
ensi
tivity
Spa
tial O
rient
atio
n
Res
pons
e O
rient
atio
n
Gro
ss B
ody
Equ
ilibr
ium
Dep
th P
erce
ptio
n
Rat
e C
ontr
ol
Spe
ed o
f Lim
b M
ovem
ent
Rea
ctio
n T
ime
Arm
-Han
d S
tead
ines
s
Gro
ss B
ody
Coo
rdin
atio
n
Dyn
amic
Str
engt
h
Con
trol
Pre
cisi
on
Sta
min
a
Man
ual D
exte
rity
Mul
tilim
b C
oord
inat
ion
Tru
nk S
tren
gth
Ext
ent F
lexi
bilit
y
Sta
tic S
tren
gth
Initial year Final year
Surpluses in routine and physical abilities have become more evident
Shortages in ‘cognitive skills’ have
become more pervasive
Mega-trends and skill needs
-0.03
-0.025
-0.02
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
Robotics penetration (1993-2013, per hour worked)
Source: OECD on International federation of robotics
What is next ?
Data visualisation! http://www.oecd.org/employment/skills-for-jobs-dataviz.htm
