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OER movement in Latin America: Is it facing a
paradox?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/claudio/3054776394/
my C
C stickers have arrived!!! by laihiu available
at http://w
ww
.flickr.com/photos/laihiu/290630500/
under a Creative C
omm
ons Attribution 2.0 licence
What are Open Educational Resources?
Implementation Resources
Learning Content
Tools
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
Implementation Resources
Learning ContentTools
Michael Reschke cba
Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals
Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals
Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals
Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities.
Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.OCW
JISC CETIS Study Why do institutions adopt OER?
• Altruism
• Tax contributions can be better invested when sharing resources
• Quality improvement and development cost
• Public relations at the institutions can use OER projects to attract new students
• Need to look at new models for sustainability (experience and competition)
• Free sharing increase development speed, innovation, reuse and help institutions to keep track of their materials and the way they are used
+ What is produced with public money should be public
There is data on OER projects in the developed world... but
What is happening locally with Open Licensing in higher educational OER projects?
How are educational institutions receiving the initiative?
How is it that the Open Licensing initiative relates to educational resources?
Are there local examples of open educational resources?
How do local experiences use Creative Commons in the educational frame, especially OER projects?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/joanplanas/46314891/
Telefónica + UNavarra “La generación Interactiva en Iberoamérica” – 2009http://www.scribd.com/doc/9305291/Generaciones-Interactivas-en-Iberoamerica-Ninos-y-adolescentes-ante-las-pantallas
10 a 18 añosMás de la mitad acceden en el colegio
Más de la mitad tienen computador en casa C
entr
o de
l paí
s
COLOMBIA
80% tienen celular
11% crean contenidos
10 to 18 years
More than half connect via schools
More than half had a home computer
80% had access to cell phones
11% create content
Central Area
OCWC in Latinamerica
43
4
43
9
743
http://ocw.universia.net/es/instituciones-integrantes-iberoamericanas-opencourseware.php
5
158
8
12
1
1
1
What makes resources OPEN? The ability to:
• Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix The openness of a resource increases with the permissions
given.
More permissions = More open.
Problem
A look at Latin American initiatives points to interesting projects that meet the “open” philosophy that gives basis to the OER- OCW- movement, while there are important technical implementations towards that goal, but paradoxically they do not seem to incorporate the legal framework in order to adopt and sustain the open concept, or they do it without assesing the legal compromise
Let me explain
• UNVirtual OCWC case• Latest Universia-OCWC standards by using
Educommons platform• The support of the ministries of education
to the “open” idea (sharing really)
National University OCW• 1998• Philosphy followed economical and technical
approach not the legal aspects• 2006 joined OCWC• 2008 some contents from OCW entered the
National Repository -Ministry of Education, with ”all rights reserved” because of lawyers fears
• From 2006 teachers start asking to close their Open Courses, but latelly some of them are comming back... (?)
• The legal concerns are still an issue
Latest Universia-OCWC standards by using Educommons platform
• During last years Educommons has become the default platform for OCWC projects supported by Universia in LA
• New members are using “CC BY-NC-SA” license exactly in the same way in Educommons
• There is little understanding on the scope of the legal commitment
• There is need for legal understanding of the scope beyond the social practices
Educational Ministries as promoters of “open” idea
• National repositories of Learning Objects (LO)
• RELPE• CEDUCAR
• Public policies related to ICT appropiation (democratisation, ICT mass appropiation, millenium goals)
RELPE, 20 countries
1. Each country develops it`s site (total autonomy according to their educational project and national interest, partners support each other)
2. There is an open statement: “los contenidos desarrollados por los portales miembros son de libre circulación en la Red.” However this is mainly a philosophical statement that not all barriers are leveraged
ColombiaAprende (Col)
• Default license “all rights reserved”• Harvester• Dispite the initial declarationEn este proyecto participaron nueve universidades en cuatro
regiones del país, publicando mas (sic) de 1700 objetos de aprendizaje e informativos. Invitamos a toda la comunidad académica a que participe de esta iniciativa, consultando el banco, comentando y valorando los objetos que se encuentran publicados, los cuales son de libre acceso y descarga, respetando la licencia de uso de cada universidad”
P rivadoN o d isponib leP ropia U niversidadU niversidad M inuto de
D ios (B ogota)
P rivadoB y-nc -ndU niversidad de la S abana (B ogota)
P rivadob y-nc -saP ontific ia U niversidad
B olivariana (M edell ín)
P rivadob y-nc -ndU niversidad del N orte
(B arranquilla)
b y-nc -ndM E N
P úblicob y-nc -ndU deA (M edell ín)
P rivadob y-nc -nd
Licencias C C
U niversidad de los A ndes (B ogota)
P úblicoU niversidad N acional
(B ogota)
P rivadoU niversidad Javeriana
(C ali)
P rivadoA lgunas
autorizaciones
D erecho de A utor por defecto
E A FIT
T ipo de institucionesD eta llesO pciones LegalesU niversidades
P rivadoN o d isponib leP ropia U niversidadU niversidad M inuto de
D ios (B ogota)
P rivadoB y-nc -ndU niversidad de la S abana (B ogota)
P rivadob y-nc -saP ontific ia U niversidad
B olivariana (M edell ín)
P rivadob y-nc -ndU niversidad del N orte
(B arranquilla)
b y-nc -ndM E N
P úblicob y-nc -ndU deA (M edell ín)
P rivadob y-nc -nd
Licencias C C
U niversidad de los A ndes (B ogota)
P úblicoU niversidad N acional
(B ogota)
P rivadoU niversidad Javeriana
(C ali)
P rivadoA lgunas
autorizaciones
D erecho de A utor por defecto
E A FIT
T ipo de institucionesD eta llesO pciones LegalesU niversidades
Social Practices
• LO repositories and OCW projects in Latin America are commited with collaborative technologies
• They are “free” as in gratis• They are building communities of practice• They are devoted to learners communities• But the legal strategy... remains an
unanswered question...• So, do they want to be “free” as in OER?
But, of course there are interesting projects
• Not just those OCW that have done their work but...
• EVD
Gracias
A menos que se informe de otra manera esta presentación está licenciada CCBYSA 2.5 Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/co/
Carolina Botero Cabrera, mayo 2010www.karisma.org.co/carobotero
[email protected]/carobotero