Open Educational ResourcesPolicy and Development

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Slides 2-38 attributed to David Wiley

TJ BlissRep. Scott Hochberg

Education Is Sharing

the technical argument

Education Is Sharing

the technical argument

Teachers Share With Students

knowledge and skillsfeedback and criticism

encouragement

Students Share With Teachers

questionsassignments

tests

If There Is No Sharing

there is no education

Successful Educators

share most completelywith the most students

Knowledge is Magical

can be given without being given away

Physical Expressions Are Not

to give a book you must give it away

Expressions Are Different

To give a book you must give it away

When Expressions Are Digital

they also become magical

E.g., Online Book

We can all read simultaneously

An Indescribable Advance

the first time in human history

Both Knowledge and Expressions

can be given without being given away

Unprecedented Capacity

we can share as never before

Unprecedented Capacity

we can educate as never before

What Does “Share” Mean?

online it means copy and distribute

Cost of “Copy”

For one 250 page book:

• Copy by hand - $1,000

• Copy by print on demand - $4.90

• Copy by computer - $0.00084

Cost of “Distribute”

For one 250 page book:

• Distribute by mail - $5.20

• Distribute by Internet - $0.00072

Copy and Distribute are “Free”

this changes everything

Educational Sharing

also means adapting or editing

Sense-making, Meaning-making

connecting to prior knowledgerelating to past experience

(in an appropriate language)

Digital Makes Editing “Free”

editing a printed book or magazine is difficult and expensive

Free Copy, Distribute, Edit

we can share as never before

Free Copy, Distribute, Edit

we can educate as never before

Except We Can’t

© forbids copying, distributing, and editing

© Cancels the Possibilities

of digital media and the internet

InternetEnables

what to do?

CopyrightForbids

use copyright to enforce sharing

The 4Rs

Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others

Revise – adapt and editRemix – combine with others

Over 400 Million Items

using CC licenses at end of 2010

Image Credit: ohinternet.com

Image Credits: ck12.org; yale.edu; whybetrue.com

The “Open” in OER

free permission to do the 4Rs

InternetEnables

OERAllows

sharing and educating at unprecedented scale

OER Policy

What is it?Why is it needed?

OER Policy

• Allows copyright retention• Funds development• Materials definition

• Grants adoption authority• Encourages/supports adoption

K-12 State Policies

Georgia Virtual Learning OER terms of use (GA)H.B. 2336 (WA) – Form advisory committee on state-led OCW

H.B. 2337 (WA) – Creation of state-led OCWH.B. 6 (TX) – Instructional Materials Allotment

L.D. 569 (ME) – Establishes clearinghouse for info on use of OER (K12)Rule R277-111 (UT) – Educators may use CC license on materials produced (K12)

S.B. 6231 (WA) – Appropriation of textbook funds to OER development (K12)H.B. 1941 (VA) – Permission for state employees to use CC licenses

H.B. 2488 (TX) – Relating to OER adoption in public schoolsS.B. 6460 (WA) – Requires model policy for open licensing of courseware

Three Unique Cases

WashingtonUtahTexas

Washington

Legislative SupportState Board of Education Support

Statewide Initiatives

Washington H.B. 2337

• Requires CCSSO to take lead in developing openly licensed courseware

• Allocates 1.5% of state instructional materials budget to content development

Washington OSPI

• Full-time staff dedicated to implementation• Project development• Advisory committee• Ongoing communication with legislators

Potential in Washington

• 294 districts• 1 million K-12 students• $130 million textbook budget• $6 million per book per grade• A few adoptions in a few districts = $$$ saved• 1-million student-owned books– Take home– Annotate– Highlight

Utah

State Board of Education SupportOER Expertise

District and Statewide Initiatives

Utah R277-111-3

• Educators may share materials for noncommercial use under CC license

• Educators do need permission to share personally developed materials

• Educators may not sell materials developed with public funds (i.e. developed within scope of employment)

OER Drivers in Utah

• Individuals– State Board personnel– Education researchers (Open Education Group)

• Schools– Open High School of Utah

• Districts– Nebo

Utah Open Textbook Project

• 3,000 students using open science texts in 2012• $5 per book• Realized cost savings = $15,000• Science expanding to 75,000 students in 2013• Potential 7-year savings:– Science only = $3 million– Science plus other core subjects = $10 million

• The student benefit

Texas

Legislative Policy

Rep. Scott Hochberg

Texas H.B. 2488

iNACOL OER Policy Fellowship

• Research and Authoring Two Reports1. OER Policy Models, Strategies and

Recommendations• Practical guide for policymakers related to policies

supporting adoption, use, and development of OER

Are you aware of any policies related to OER at the school, district, or state levels?

iNACOL OER Policy Fellowship

• Research and Authoring Two Reports1. OER Policy Models, Strategies and

Recommendations• Practical guide for policymakers related to policies

supporting adoption, use, and development of OER

2. OER Collaborative Development Guide• Practical guide for states, districts, and schools for

content development in the context of the common core.

Collaborative Content Development Guide

– Why it’s important to use/develop OER– How and why on getting started– Lessons learned from past/current initiatives– Steps to take– Recommendations– Resources

Are you aware of any past or current content development initiatives that are using open educational resources (OER)?

iNACOL OER Policy Fellow

TJ Bliss

tjbliss@inacol.org