CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Introduction into
Applicationof
Finite Elemente Method
CAX in Automotive EngineeringLV 313.006
Dr. techn. Stephan [email protected]
Institute for Internal Combustion Engines & ThermodynamicsResearch Area Design
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
The Finite Element MethodThe Theory of the Finite ElementThe major finite elements in structural mechanicsProcedure of the der FE-Analysis Pre-Processing Solution Post-ProcessingApplication examples
Content
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Content
The Finite Element MethodThe Theory of the Finite ElementThe major finite elements in structural mechanicsProcedure of the der FE-Analysis Pre-Processing Solution Post-ProcessingApplication examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Finite Element Method
Substitution of real structures which can not be solved in an analytic way by a simplified model.
The model consists of simple finite Elements, for which analytically solvable equations (element formulation) can be formulated.
Every FE calculation is an approximation of the reality.
The accuracy of the FE-calculation depends on the assumptions of boundary conditions, the discretisation, the element formulation, the mesh quality and the interpretation of the results.
The finite element method can be applied to structural mechanic, electrical, fluid dynamic and other problems.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Finite Element Method
Substitution of real structure by a calculation model
Real Structure
Finite Element Mesh
Finite Element Model
Calculation Model
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Discretisation Finite elements
Substitiution of the real structur by a simplified model
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Element formulation
lcF =
( )( )2122
2111
uuclcFuuclcF+==
==
=
2
1
2
1
1111
uu
cFF
u1 u2
1 2F1 F2
{ } [ ] { }uKF =
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Content
The Finite Element MethodThe Theory of the Finite ElementThe major finite elements in structural mechanicsProcedure of the der FE-Analysis Pre-Processing Solution Post-ProcessingApplication examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Theory of the finite elements
Mathematical description of the element displacement
Composition of the single stiffness matrices to one global stiffness matrix [K]
Displacement of the nodes are unknown
Each degree of freedom at a node results in one equation
The equation {F} = [K] * {u} equilibrates the displacements with the forces
The solution of the equation for the whole system results in displacements and hence in stresses.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Content
The Finite Element MethodThe Theory of the Finite ElementThe major finite elements in structural mechanicsProcedure of the der FE-Analysis Pre-Processing Solution Post-ProcessingApplication examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Discretisation by finite elements
Rigid: rigid connection of two nodes
Beam: elastic connection of two nodes
Shell: thin-wall surface element
Solid: volume element
Gap: gap element
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Finite elements: 1-dimensional
Rigid element: 2 nodes 6 degrees of freedom per node
Linear beam element:2 nodes & 6 degrees of freedom per node
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Finite elements: 2-dimensional
Linear triangle shell element, 3 nodes 3x6 degree of freedom
linear quad shell element4 nodes 4x6 degree of freedom
parabolic quad shell element, 8 nodes 8x6 degree of freedom
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Finite elements: 3-dimensional
linear tetraeder element4 nodes 4x6 degree of freedom
linear wedge element6 nodes 6x6 degree of freedom
linear brick element (hexaeder)8 nodes 8x6 degree of freedom
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Content
The Finite Element MethodThe Theory of the Finite ElementThe major finite elements in structural mechanicsProcedure of the der FE-Analysis Pre-Processing Solution Post-ProcessingApplication examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
geometry
discretisatoin / mesh generation
problem definition =boundary condition
solution
evaluation
Preprocessing
Solution
Postprocessing
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Generation of the geometry in theFE-program packages
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Import of the geometry from a CAD-Program
Interfaces:
IGESVDATranslator / Direct Import
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Technical Data / Material PropertiesElement Definition
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Boundary Conditions
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Component Vector
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Pre-Processing
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Solution
Equation solver
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Procedure of the FE Analysis
Pre-Processing: Generation or import of geometry data Simplification of the real structure Transition of the simplified structure in a FE model (meshing) Assignment of element properties Assignment of material properties Definition of boundary conditions
Solution: solution of the equation {F} = [K] * {d}
Post-Processing: evaluation and display of the results displacements stresses forces etc.
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Post-Processing
Display of results
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Post-Processing
Display of results: Deformation
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Post-Processing
Display of results: Stress
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Post-Processing
Display of results: Stress
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Post-Processing
Display of results: structure borne errors
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
Simple beam
Cylinder Normal modes for accustic analysis
Cover Normal modes for accustic analysis
Piston Cylinder deformation by operating conditions
Transient analysis of a compressor housing
Vibration analysis of a Scooter powertrain
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
3D CAD structure
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
FE model based on linear beam elements
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
FE model based on linear shell elements
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
FE model based on linear hexaeder
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Deformation
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Stress (von Misses)
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Stress in axial direction
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Distortion energy
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cylinder CATIA-Model
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cylinder Normal modes
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cover CATIA-Model
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cover Normal modes
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Piston-Cylinder
FE-Model
mechanical load:ignition pressure 27 bar
Thermal load:piston: 200C - 335Ccylinder: 155C - 225C
Temperatur distributionat piston pin
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Piston - Cylinder
Application examples
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cooling compressor 3D- CATIA Model
Cooling compressor FE- Volume model
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cooling compressor view bottom up locations of force introduction
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cooling compressor MBS-Model
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
Stator
Rotor
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Loadfunction Point 1 x-Direction
-2.00E+02
-1.50E+02
-1.00E+02
-5.00E+01
0.00E+00
5.00E+01
10.00000 10.01000 10.02000 10.03000 10.04000 10.05000 10.06000 10.07000 10.08000 10.09000 10.10000
Time[sec]
Forc
e[m
N]
Result of MBS-Analysis = Input to FE-Analysis
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
Loadfunction Point 1 x-Direction
-2.00E+02
-1.50E+02
-1.00E+02
-5.00E+01
0.00E+00
5.00E+01
10.00000
10.01000
10.02000
10.03000
10.04000
10.05000
10.06000
10.07000
10.08000
10.09000
10.10000
Time[sec]
Force[mN]
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cooling compressordeformation
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Cooling compressor points of evaluation
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
point 6 displacement y
-2.E-03
-1.E-03
0.E+00
1.E-03
2.E-03
3.E-03
4.E-0310.00000 10.01000 10.02000 10.03000 10.04000 10.05000 10.06000 10.07000 10.08000 10.09000 10.10000
time [sec]
disp
lace
men
t y [m
m]
Gehusepunkt 6 OrigGehusepunkt 6 New AGehusepunkt 6 New B ypoint 6 velocity y
-3.E+00
-2.E+00
-2.E+00
-1.E+00
-5.E-01
0.E+00
5.E-01
1.E+00
2.E+00
2.E+00
3.E+00
10.00000 10.01000 10.02000 10.03000 10.04000 10.05000 10.06000 10.07000 10.08000 10.09000 10.10000
time [s]
velo
city
[mm
/s]
Gehusepunkt 6 Orig vyGehusepunkt 6 New AGehusepunkt 6 New B
Cooling compressorevaluation:
displacement / time
Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
point 6 displacement y
-2.E-03
-1.E-03
0.E+00
1.E-03
2.E-03
3.E-03
4.E-03
10.00000
10.01000
10.02000
10.03000
10.04000
10.05000
10.06000
10.07000
10.08000
10.09000
10.10000
time [sec]
displacement y [mm]
Gehusepunkt 6 Orig
Gehusepunkt 6 New A
Gehusepunkt 6 New B y
point 6 velocity y
-3.E+00
-2.E+00
-2.E+00
-1.E+00
-5.E-01
0.E+00
5.E-01
1.E+00
2.E+00
2.E+00
3.E+00
10.00000
10.01000
10.02000
10.03000
10.04000
10.05000
10.06000
10.07000
10.08000
10.09000
10.10000
time [s]
velocity [mm/s]
Gehusepunkt 6 Orig vy
Gehusepunkt 6 New A
Gehusepunkt 6 New B
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Application examples
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006
Procedure FEM-Analysis usingANSYS
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Ansys Workbench
1 234567
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Ansys Workbench
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
1. Type of AnalysisStructural, Thermal ,
2. Basic Engineering DataMaterial,
3. GeometryImport, direct generation,
4. ModelMeshing
5. SetupBoundaries, Loads,
5. SolutionSolution Control
5. ResultsStresses, Deformation
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Engineering Data
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Geometry generation with Design Modeler
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Model Generation
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Setup
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Solution
Insert Path (Construction Geometry) Insert Solution Output
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Results
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Results
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate 2D
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate 2D
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Plate
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Bracket
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Bracket
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Bracket
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
CAX 2018/19LV 313.006 Ablauf FEM mit ANSYS
Bracket Modal
Dr. Stephan Schmidt / Institut fr Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik TU-Graz
Introduction intoApplicationof Finite Elemente MethodContentContentFinite Element MethodFinite Element MethodDiscretisation Finite elementsElement formulationContentTheory of the finite elementsContentDiscretisation by finite elementsFinite elements: 1-dimensionalFinite elements: 2-dimensionalFinite elements: 3-dimensionalContentProcedure of the FE AnalysisProcedure of the FE AnalysisProcedure of the FE AnalysisPre-ProcessingPre-ProcessingProcedure of the FE AnalysisProcedure of the FE AnalysisProcedure of the FE AnalysisPre-ProcessingProcedure of the FE AnalysisPre-ProcessingProcedure of the FE AnalysisPre-ProcessingPre-ProcessingPre-ProcessingProcedure of the FE AnalysisSolutionProcedure of the FE AnalysisPost-ProcessingPost-ProcessingPost-ProcessingPost-ProcessingPost-ProcessingApplication examplesFoliennummer 40Foliennummer 41Foliennummer 42Foliennummer 43Foliennummer 44Foliennummer 45Foliennummer 46Foliennummer 47Foliennummer 48Foliennummer 49Foliennummer 50Foliennummer 51Foliennummer 52Foliennummer 53Foliennummer 54Foliennummer 55Foliennummer 56Foliennummer 57Foliennummer 58Foliennummer 59Foliennummer 60Foliennummer 61Foliennummer 62Foliennummer 63Foliennummer 64Foliennummer 65Foliennummer 66Ablauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYSAblauf FEM mit ANSYS
