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From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

~ ~ STROKE.

~ ~ BRAIN HAEMORRHAGE.

~ ~ MENINGITIS (brain fever).

~ ~ ALZHEIMER’s DISEASE.

The common diseases / disorders in the brain are:

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Stroke causes both physical and mental crippling.

It is a world wide health problem.

It can occur at any age.

STROKESTROKE

Stroke is a rapidly developed clinical sign of focal disturbances of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours of leading to death.

{ World Health Organization }

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

A blood clot or Thrombus in the cerebral vessel is called Stroke or Cerebral Thrombosis.

Stroke may be caused due to vascular occlusion, which is a blockage in the cerebral artery.

Occlusion and stroke lead to infarction

Infarction leads to abnormal symptoms in the brain

STROKESTROKE

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

vascular occlusion

Vascular Occlusion is of two types:

Thrombotic

Embolic

Embolus is a portion of the thrombus clot that becomes detached and enters into circulating blood.

An embolus may block the circulation to vital parts leading to the serious consequences {eg:memory loss }

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Haemorrhage or bleeding of brain

vessels may be caused by hypertension, bursting of blood vessels or due to aneurysm wherein the arterial

wall bulges and forms like a sac like

structure and ruptures later.

Brain Haemorrhage

Haemorrhage and the stroke are also due to vascular malformations

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

risk factors may lead to stroke and brain haemorrhage:

Stenosis (widening of valvular orifice)

Cardiac abnormalities,

Elevated blood lipids,

Hypertension,

Smoking,

Diabetes

Obesity,One can prevent the

risk factors by controlling these risk

factors.

STROKE: risk factors

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Alzheimer’s Disease.Alzheimer’s Disease.Alzheimer’s disease is otherwise called Chronic Brain Syndrome

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the progressive loss of memory followed by general loss of cognitive functions and death.

This disease becomes more and more prevalent among the aged persons.

The aged people beyond 80 almost 50% are affected invariably.Occasionally people develop the disease before 50 or even before the age of 40.

Alzheimer’s disease

is commonly

attributed to genetic

mutation.People with Down

syndrome are invariably

affected with this

disease

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Alzheimer’s Disease.Alzheimer’s Disease.

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the atrophy of cerebral cortex.

Neurons undergo degeneration.

In the damaged regions plagues appear (Due to the degeneration of axons and dendrites)

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Meningitis refers to the inflammatory condition of the brain membranes and the sub-arachnoid space.

This is caused by

bacterial infection,

fungal infection,

viral infection.

Meningitis Meningitis [Brain fever][Brain fever]

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

Clinical symptoms:

Stiffness of the neck,

Photophobia,

Headache,

Irritability,

Feverand other Neurological Symptoms.

Meningitis Meningitis [Brain fever][Brain fever]

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

From T. MADHAVAN, M.Sc., M.L.I.S., M.Ed., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology..

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