A Presentation for B.Tech. Pre Thesis Examination (8 Semester)
IMPROVEMENT OF PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING EPOXY RESIN
PREPARED BY:
URVI PATEL (110780106001)
SIDDHARTH PATEL (110780106007)
BALVANT THAKOR (110780106040)
JIGNASA PATEL (110780106058)
(B.E. Civil Engineering)
Under the Guidance of
MISS. ANKITA PATEL
MR. AMAR SALARIYA
Department Of Civil Engineering
SMT. S.R. PATEL ENGINEERING COLLAGE, DABHI
CONTENTS
Introduction
Objective
Literature review
Methodology
Experiments
Results
INTRODUCTION
• Considering the volume, concrete is the first mostly used building material in
the world. It is obtained by mixing cement, water, aggregate and sometimes
admixtures in required proportions.
• The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients used for
the production of concrete and has no alternative in the civil construction
industry.
• Unfortunately, production of cement involves emission of large amounts of
carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, a major contributor for green house
effect and the global warming, hence it is inevitable either to search for another
material or partly replace it by some other material.
•The search for any such material, which can be used as an alternative or as a
supplementary for cement should lead to global sustainable development and
lowest possible environmental impact.
•Epoxy resin, silica fume are some of the materials which can be used in concrete
as partial replacement of cement.
•A number of studies are going on in India as well as abroad to study the impact of
use of this materials as cement replacements and the results are encouraging.
OBJECTIVES
• To use cementitious material in concrete mix design.
• To compare the mechanical properties of modified concrete and conventional
concrete.
• To compare the cost of modified concrete with conventional concrete.
• Understand the properties of concrete in order to introducing the cementitious
material .
LITERATURE REVIEW
(1) . “ PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-MODIFIED MORTARS USING EPOXY AND ACRYLIC EMULSIONS”.
L.K. Aggarwal , P.C. Thapliyal, S.R. Charade
Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007) 379–383
• One of the limitations of these polymer systems is that they may re- emulsify in humid alkaline conditions. To overcome this problem, an epoxy emulsion based polymer system has been developed.
• The results showed that the mortars with the newly developed system have superior strength properties and better resistance to the penetration of chloride ions and carbon dioxide.
• Epoxy emulsion based mortar is a potential material that can be used for repair works in humid and industrial environments.
.
(2).“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
POLYMER CONCRETE WITH EPOXY RESIN .”
Marinela barbuta, and Maria harja
Universitatea Tehnica ,Gheorghe Asachi din Iasi
Tomul LIV (LVIII), Fasc. 1, 2008
•The silica fume content varied between 6.5% and 30% to polymer mortar and 6.4%
and 9.6% to polymer concrete.
•The obtained results show maximum characteristics for a dosage of 24% resin and
maximum dosage of silica fume to the polymer mortar, and for the polymer concrete
the mechanical characteristics are influenced by all mixture factors: the compressive
strength increases with the increase of silica fume dosage, and the flexure strength
and split strength increase with the decreasing of silica fume dosage.
• The experimental researches concerning the polymer concrete had as principal
objectives the decreasing the epoxy resin dosage and improving the mechanical
characteristics by using the silica fume as fine filler.
(3). “MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESIN – FLY ASH COMPOSITE”.
Manoj singla and vikas chawla
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9, No.3,
pp.199-210, 2010
•With the addition of fly-ash in epoxy resin –fly-ash composite the compressive
strength has been found to increase with increase in fly ash particles. This increase
is attributed to hollowness of fly-ash particles & strong interfacial energy between
resin & fly-ash.
4. “DURABLE INTEGRATION FRESH CONRETE TO EXISTING CONCRETE USING EPOXY RESIN ADHESIVE.”
Yasunori Suzuki, motohiro Nishi
Takayosi Kodama, osamu kamada,tsutomu Fukute
Sumitomo osaka cement co.,Ltd
Kajima road co.,Ltd.
Toyo university
In the problem to be solved for the time being, authors studied influence of
ingredients in by this study. epoxy resin adhesive on cement hydration, a degree of
deterioration by fatigue in water-soaked state, by exposure to both high temperature
and low temperature. The following findings were revealed .
In hardening agent of amine types, there is a high probability that hydrophobic
hardening agent deprives cement mortar of water, therefore, hydrophobic hardening
agent is inappropriate for ingredient of epoxy resin adhesives to be used in integration
fresh concrete with existing concrete.
.
•When the optimized epoxy resin type adhesive was used, fatigue failure has not
been recognized in fatigue test in water-soaked state under repeated loading up to
2 million cycles.
•After exposure to 50 degrees in Centigrade in water-soaked state, direct tensile
strength of specimens to which the optimized epoxy resin type adhesive was
applied decreased slightly in comparison with that before the exposure, however
met the target value of 1.6 N/mm fully. Further fractured section in any specimen
existed inside the existing concrete or the overlay concrete.
(5).“Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Epoxy Polymer Concrete with Red
Mud and Fly Ash .”
Ashok Kumara, Gurpreet Singh ,Band Niraj BalA B
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277-4106©
2013 INPRESSCO.
In this study fly ash and red mud solid waste are used in the preparation of
polymer concrete. Utilization of waste such as fly ash and red mud in polymer
concrete is promising; it may enhance the physical properties and mechanical
strength of the polymer concrete. Generally, PC’s containg fine fillers may result in
high mechanical strength due to high molecular compaction. The values of flexural
strengths were 21.53 MPa.
METHODOLOGY
Step 1 :- Problem identification
Step 2 :- Material Selection
water
Cement
Epoxy resin
Fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate
Step 3 :- Checking of physical properties of material
Step 4 :- Mix Design
Step 5 :- Selecting different proportion of cementitious material
Step 6 :- Concrete curing
Step 7 :- Checking properties of concrete
Step 8 :- Result analysis
Step 9 :- Conclusion
MATERIAL
Epoxy Resins :
• An epoxy resin is defined as a molecule with more than one group , which can
be hardened into a usable plastic. The epoxy group, which is also called a
glycidyl group, has through it characteristic appearance given the name to
epoxy.
• What one sees is an oxygen atom on the outside of the carbon chain. Epi
means “on the outside of “and the second part of the word comes from the
oxygen. These are two spellings ,namely epoxi and epoxy. The first comes
from the oxygen's bond with carbon chain being called an oxide. epoxy resin
is manufacture from simple basic chemicals that are readially available.
• Epoxy resins are the most commonly used thermoset plastic in polymer matrix
composites.
• Epoxy resins are a family of thermoset plastic materials which do not give off
reaction products ,when they cure and so have low cure shrinkage. They also
have good adhesion to other materials, good chemical and environmental
resistance, good chemical properties and good insulating properties.
• The epoxy resins are generally manufactured by reacting epichlorohydrin with
bisphenol. Different resins are formed by varying proportions of the two: as
the proportion of epichlorohydrin is reduced the molecular weight of the resin
is increased.
Uses of epoxy resin : * Surface coatings (provide a hard, durable and rustproof surface) o Paint for ships and other marine uses o Primers for cars o Steel pipes * Electrical insulation materials (to prevent conduction of electricity) o Enclosing transformers, condensers, capacitors and other electrical components * Adhesives and glues o Widely used across many industries for its strong bonding properties, e.g. aircraft, flooring, road and bridge surfacing, concrete bonding, automobile manufacturers o Home DIY, hobbyist, artist, sculptors all find many uses for epoxy glues o Used in some dental bonding agents * PVC production o Some vinyl, plastic and PVC products contain epoxy resins, e.g. eyeglass frames, vinyl gloves, handbags, plastic necklaces
Propylene + chlorine
Acetone + phenol
Epichlorodydrin Bisphenol
Epoxy resin
CEMENT Cement is a fine, grey powder. Cement is mixed with water and materials such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone to make concrete.
The cement and water form a paste that binds the other materials together as the concrete hardens. The most commonly used cement is called ordinary Portland cement.
Ordinary Portland cement of different grades OPC-33, OPC-43 and OPC-53 are available in the market and are generally used for producing flash fiber reinforced concrete. In this work Ultratech cement of 53 grade was used for casting cubes for all concrete mixes.
FINE AGGREGATE •The sand used for the work was locally procured and conformed to Indian Standard
Specifications IS: 383-1970.
• The sand was sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles greater than
4.75 mm.
• The various other tests conducted are specific gravity, bulk density, fineness
modulus, water absorption and sieve analysis.
• Fine aggregated belonged to grading zone II.
Sl. No Property Result
1. Specific Gravity 2.74
2. Fineness modulus 2.28
3. Grading zone II
Table 3.4 Properties of fine aggregate
COARSE AGGREGATE The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed as a coarse
aggregate.
The crushed stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate.
Locally available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 10 mm was
used in this work.
The aggregates were washed to remove dust and dirt and were dried to
surface dry condition.
Sr. no Properties Result
1. Size 20mm
2. Total water absorption(max.) 3.645%
3. Total water absorption(min.) 0.705%
4. Specific gravity 2.74
5. Fineness modulus 7.20
Table 3.5 Properties of coarse aggregate
Test to Performed
For Cement
FinenessTest
Standard Consistency
Initial and Final Setting Time
Soundness
Compression Test
For Aggregate
Specific Gravity
Water Absorption
Bulk Density
For Concrete
Compression Test
Tensile Test
Flexural Test
Standard consistency test
OBJECTIVE :- To determine the standard consistency of cement by using standard Procter.
Result:- Standard consistency of cement in 32%
Initial and final setting time test
OBJECTIVE : To determine the initial and final setting time of cement by using standard Procter needle. Result:- Initial setting time in 28 min. & Final setting time in 573min.
Soundness test
Objective:-To determine the
soundness Of cement by using
Le- chatelrie apertures.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
Objective:-To determine the specific Gravity of aggregate by using a pycnometer . Result:-Specific gravity of aggregate in 2.74.
BULK DENSITY TEST
Objective:-To determine the bulk density
Of aggregate by using a cylinder.
Result:- buck density of aggregate in 1800
kg/m3 for CA.
Sr. No Property Result
1 Normal Consistency 32%
2 Initial Setting time 28 mins
3 Specific Gravity 3.15
4 Fineness of cement 5%
Table of Properties of Cement
INGREDIENT % CONTENT
CaO(Lime) 60-67
SiO2 (Silica) 17-25
Al2 O3(Alumina) 3-8
Fe2 O3 (Iron Oxide) 0.5-6
MgO(Magnesia) 0.1-4
Alkalies 0.4-1.3
sulphate 1-3
Table of chemical composition of OPC.
Sr. No Material Quantity (Kg/m3)
1. Cement (OPC) 350
2. Fine Aggregate 812.75
3. Coarse Aggregate 1076.23
4. Water 186
MIX PROPORTIONING
All the samples were prepared using design M30 grade of concrete. Mix
design was done based on I.S 10262-2009. The Table below show mix
proportion of Concrete (Kg/m3)
Result
Sr No Property Result
1 Standard Consistent 32%
2 Initial setting time 28min
3 Compressive Strength of cement
50N/mm2
4 Specific gravity 2.74 For FA 2.74 For CA
5 Bulk density 1650 kg/m3 For FA 1800 kg/m3For CA
Result For Compessive Strength Of Concrete:-
Sr No Mix % of Material added
7 Day (N/mm2)
28 Day (N/mm2)
1 M1 0 22.97 33.30
2 M2 5 25.04 36.29
3 M3 10 28.23 41.76
4 M4 15 26.59 40.30
Result For Tensile strength of concrete:-
Sr No Mix % of material added
7 Day (N/mm2)
28 Day (N/mm2)
1 M1 0 2.87 4.03
2 M2 5 3.00 4.21
3 M3 10 3.30 4.70
4 M4 15 3.25 4.52
Result For flexural strength of concrete:-
Sr No Mix % of Material added
7 Day (N/mm2)
28 Day (N/mm2)
1 M1 0 3.63 4.50
2 M2 5 4.03 4.61
3 M3 10 4.25 5.16
4 M4 15 4.12 5.07
Effect of epoxy resin on compressive strength of concrete
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15
com
pre
ssiv
e s
tren
gth
(N/m
m²)
% of epoxy resin
7 days
28 days
Effect of epoxy resin on split tensile strength of concrete
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 5 10 15
spli
t te
nsi
le s
tren
gth
(N/m
m²)
% of epoxy resin
7 days
28 days
Effect of epoxy resin on flexural strength of concrete
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15
flex
ura
l s
tren
gth
(N/m
m²)
% of epoxy resin
7 days
28 days
Conclusion
In this present study with the stipulated time and laboratory set up an afford has
been taken to enlighten the use of mineral admixture like epoxy resin in concrete
in accordance to their proficiency.
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are made:
Addition of epoxy resin to concrete can be conveniently achieved with the
present day technology. This study has shown that it is possible to produce high
strength concrete using the locally available materials with proper amount of
mineral admixtures.
On comparative basis, results indicated that compressive strength of epoxy
resin concrete specimens were higher than those of plain concrete specimens at all
ages.
With other mix proportioning parameters held constant, the results of the
present investigation indicated that the maximum compressive strength and
flexural strength & split tensile strength occurs at 10%replacement of epoxy resin.
The epoxy resin can be used for different purpose like repair work of cracks in
bridges and building and also for grouting purposes.
REFERANCE
1. Marinela Barbuta and Maria harja “experimental study on the characteristics of polymer concrete with epoxy resin .”
2. Manoj Singla and Vikas Chawla “mechanical properties of epoxy resin – fly ash composite”. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9
3. Yasunori Suzuki, Motheo Nishi Takayosi Kodama, Osamu Kamada, Tsutomu Fukute. “Durable integration fresh conrete to existing concrete using epoxy resin adhesive.”
4. Ashok Kumara, Gurpreet Singh, Band Niraj BalA B “Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Epoxy Polymer Concrete with Red Mud and Fly Ash.” International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277-4106
5. L.K. Aggarwal, P.C. Thapliyal, S.R. Karade “properties of polymer-modified
mortars using epoxy and acrylic emulsions”. Construction and Building
Materials
WEB REFERENCE
•www.alstrongreclaim.com
•www.engineeringcivil.com
•Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epoxy resin
