OF THE State Water Conservation...

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Second Biennial ReportOF THE

State Water ConservationCommission

AND THE

Nineteenth Biennial ReportOF THE

State EngineerOF

North Dakota

From December 1, 1938 to November 30, 1940

•

Second Biennial ReportOF THE

State Water ConservationCommission

AND THE

Nineteenth Biennial ReportOF THE

State EngineerOF

North Dakota

PROPERTYND STATE WATER COMMISSION

LIBRARY

From December 1, 1938 to November 30, 1940•

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

Letter of Transmittal 3

Excerpts from Address "Interstate Migration of Destitute Citi-zens" by the Hon. Carl T. Curtis 4

Organization, Personnel, and Acknowledgments 5-6

The Use of Water 7-10

Address of Major Powell to North Dakota State ConstitutionalConvention 10-13

Irrigation Development 13-16

Irrigation Projects 16-37

Operation and Financial Status of Irrigation Projects 38-43

Bonds 45-46

Proposed Large Irrigation Developments 47

Activities of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation 48-49

Irrigation Water Analyses 50-51

Underground Water 51-52

New Dams Constructed 52-53

Maintenance of Existing Dams 53-58

Approval of Large AAA Dams 58-59

Red River Basin Water Supply Problems 59-68

Missouri River Diversion 69-77

Public Hearings and Investigations 77-79

The Souris (Mouse) River Reference 79-84

Yellowstone River Basin Compact 84-88

Little Missouri River Compact 88-89

Proposed Missouri River Basin Compact 89-90

Proposed Grand River Compact 90

•Water Conservation Map of the State 90

Water Right Filings 91-93

Activities of the U. S. Geological Survey 94

Stream Flow Measurements 94-111

Financial Statements, Water Commission 112-11:1

Financial Statements, State Engineer 114-115

4

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

December 15, 1940.

Honorable John MosesGovernor of North DakotaBismarck, North Dakota

• Dear Governor:

We submit herewith the joint report of the State Water ConservationCommission and the State Engineer, covering activities from December1st, 1938 to November 30th, 1940.

Respectfully submitted,

STATE WATER CONSERVATION COMMISSION.HENRY HOLT, Vice ChairmanKENNETH W. SIMONSSIVERT W. THOMPSONEINAR H. DAHL

H. F. McColly, ;K.% Secretary and Chief Engineer.

E. J. Thomas,State Engineer.

Excerpt from the address "Interstate Migra-tion of Destitute Citizens," delivered by the Hon.Carl T. Curtis, Congressman from Nebraska, atthe ninth annual convention of the National Re-clamation Association held in Great Fall;, Mon-tana, September 24 to 26, 1940:

"A somewhat different type of reclamationprogram is being actively developed in the GreatPlains areas. Here the problem is not only one of

developing new areas of irrigation, but in bringing

about necessary readjustments in types of farm-ing which have proved unsuited to one area charac-terized by scant and uncertain rainfall. I do notneed to expand for this group upon the hazards ofone crop farming in the dust bowl and northernGreat Plains. Farmers on the roads in flight fromthese areas have been a familiar sight to most ofyou. Perhaps many of these farmers would neverhave had to move if it had been possible for themto follow a type of diversified farming, with irri-gated crops and livestock in connection with grainproduction. More emphasis upon this type of

agriculture in the future promises to stabilize

farming in areas which otherwise may experiencefurther extreme distress."

b

i

ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL

The State Water Conservation Commission was created by Chapter255, Session Laws of 1937, which provided that the Governor be ex-officiochairman. Six other members were appointed by Governor WilliamLanger and the first meeting was held March 23, 1937.

Chapter 256 of the Session Laws of 1939 amended and re-enacted theWater Conservation Act under which Governor John Moses re-organizedthe Commission by the appointment of four members beginning officeon April 3rd of that year. Three of the original members were re-appointed and the Governor continued as Chairman.

Commission of Five Membersas now Organized

Term Began Term EndsGovernor John Moses, Chairman April 3, 1939Henry Holt, Vice Chairman " 3, 1939 July 1, 1945Kenneth W. Simons, Member " 3, 1939 " 1, 1943Sivert W. Thompson, Member " 3, 1939 " 1, 1941Einar H. Dahl, Member " 3, 1939 " 1, 1941H. F. McColly, Secretary & Chief Engineer July 1, 1939E. J. Thomas, State Engineer July 1, 1935

Associated Organizations

Agricultural College, Experiment Station, and Extension ServiceContact with the Agricultural College and Experiment Station at

Fargo and the County Agricultural Agents is maintained by the ExtensionIrrigationist, W. H. Farmer, who is jointly associated with the ExtensionService and the State Water Conservation Commission. Secretary andChief Engineer, H. F. McColly, on leave from the staff of the AgriculturalCollege and Experiment Station, directs the operation of the Lewis andClark Irrigation Experiment Farm at Williston.State Engineer

Very close co-operation exists between the State Water ConservationCommission and the office of State Engineer. The activities of the twodepartments are joined in this report.

State Advisory BoardThis unofficial board, appointed by the Governor and operating without

compensation or expenses, was set up at the request of, and to keepcontact with, the National Resources Planning Board. H. F. McColly isthe Secretary.

Other Co-operating AgenciesThe agencies listed below co-operate in water conservation develop-

ment. The brief statement made for each agency indicates how they haveor can work with us on our program; but the statement does not neces-sarily imply the scope of that agency's activity.

6 REPORT OF N. D. WATER COMMISSION & STATE ENGINEER

Federal Departments:Army Engineers, concerned with river projects, flood control, Mis-

souri River Diversion.Bureau of Reclamation, investigation and construction of Federal

irrigation projects.Bureau of Agricultural Economics, investigations and plans for water

facilities developments.Bureau of Biological Survey, water storage for wild life.Farm Security Administration, agricultural phases of water conserva-

tion developments.Geological Survey, stream gaging and topographic mapping.International Joint Commission, regulation and use of International

waters.National Resources Planning Board, national consideration of desir-

able projects.National Youth Administration, co-operating on operation and main-

tenance irrigation experiment farm on Lewis and Clark Project.Reconstruction Finance Corporation, financial resources for construc-

tion and improvement of irrigation projects.Soil Conservation Service, investigates, finances and constructs water

facilities under Water Facilities Act.Weather Bureau, temperature, precipitation, and river stages records.Work Projects Administration, assists in project construction, devel-

opment and maintenance.Yellowstone River Compact Commission, formulation of regulation

and use policies for Yellowstone River Drainage Basin. FederalPower Commission, states of Montana, North Dakota, andWyoming co-operating.

State Departments:Bank of North Dakota, Trustee for Water Commission Revenue Bond

holders, and purchased certain irrigation project bonds.Department of Public Health, quality and sufficiency of water

•supplies. •Game and Fish Department, maintains reservoirs for game and fish.• Has assisted in financing repair of certain dams.

Rural Rehabilitation Corporation, purchased Commission RevenueBonds, purchases and develops land on irrigation projects.

Tri-State Waters Commission, regulation and development Red RiverDrainage Basin. States of Minnesota, North Dakota, and SouthDakota co-operating.

Other State Departments assist in the many features involved in thewater conservation program.

Miscellaneous Organizations:Greater North Dakota Association, assists in irrigation development

program.National Reclamation Association, aids in obtaining federal appropria-

tions for desirable irrigation projects.National Rivers & Harbors Congress, aids in obtaining Federal

appropriations for desirable river development projects.North Dakota Reclamation Association, assists in co-ordinating a

state water conservation program.National Wildlife Federation, assists in obtaining consideration for

water resources developments for wild life.. .

Members•,of Congress:The members of Congress have assisted greatly in obtaining Federal

legislation and action effecting water conservation and reclama-

tion work. •

STATE OF • :NORTH 'DAKOTA : • 7

Diverting waters from a coulee over a flat meadow located at the footof the hills. Note small earth . barrier in front of men, which hasdiverted stream from its original channel so the water may flow along

toe of hill and spread over meadow.

THE USE OF WATERWater conservation is the control and the utilization of available

water resources for the most beneficial uses of mankind. It is to berecognized that there are several types of water problems involved, allof them important and pressing for solution. The four main problems inNorth Dakota may be grouped as follows:

1. Water for human needs such as drinking, sanitation and recreation.2. Water for animal needs such as livestock watering, and game and

fish life.3. Water for irrigation to insure crop production for stabilization of

diversified farming and the livestock industry.4. Water controlled to avert flood damage.

The water conservation work has been directed toward solving theseproblems, but it is apparent that each of them, due to the magnitude ofthe program, will require long years of intelligent consideration andeffort. Different parts of this report will point out the need, the accom-plishments, and the possibilities of a sound water conservation program.

Virtually every economic problem which confronts the people ofNorth Dakota, including the problem of public debt and taxation, is, andhas in the past been largely due to the instability of production on ourfarms. The crop records from 1916 to 1939 of the. Extension Service of


the State Agricultural College show that in an average year one out ofevery eight North Dakota farmers has had a complete crop failure. Thedrouth years, 1933, 1934, 1936 and 1937, brought economic disaster to thepeople of North Dakota. Because of drouth, our farmers did not producesufficient feed, and because they did not have adequate reserve feedsupplies, many of them lost their livestock. Since 1937 farmers haveendeavored to restore sufficient livestock and much progress has beenmade. Loans made by various federal and independent agencies haveaided the program, but it must be recognized that these loans cannot bemade with a very definite assurance of repayment unless the productionof feed crops is made more certain.

The development of irrigation projects in North Dakota, whereversuch development is feasible, will insure the production of alfalfa, cornand other feed crops in every year. The insured production of ample feedcrops will enable North Dakota farmers to retain their herds and tocondition their stock for market when desired rather than having to sellfeeders on the market. Wherever possible, upland farmers should havetracts of bottom land which they can irrigate. Twenty to thirty acresof land under irrigation will produce the feed and also the garden thatis ordinarily needed on the average livestock farm.

The establishment of irrigation projects in North Dakota is not aprocess of reclaiming waste or desert lands. The lands which can beirrigated in North Dakota are the level farm lands usually lying alongstreams or at the foot of hills and coulees, where the water may bepumped or diverted over them. When rainfall is sufficient they arehighly productive lands and have been under cultivation for many years,but there are dry periods during the growing season of virtually everyyear when supplementation of water by some method of irrigation willbe of much benefit. Supplementary irrigation of such lands is notreclaiming waste lands. It is, however, a sound combined use of two ofour most important national resources — land and water.

A study of the map showing the population trends in the United Statesfor the ten-year period 1930 to 1940 brings out some very definite facts.The five Great Plains States lost 302,492 persons. North Dakota rankedsecond highest in loss of population by having 41,155 or six per cent of her1930 population leave. Then note where population increases were appar-ent. The 17 western states are classed as reclamation states. The 12states to a westerly direction from us gained population, Montana beingthe lowest because the eastern part lost but the western part of the stategained so the net was a little more than the loss. It cannot be construedin any other way than that many of the drouth stricken farmers moved toirrigated areas and established themselves. North Dakota as well asother states in the same category should establish irrigation projects onwhich to rehabilitate a definite portion of their farm families so they willnot need to leave for irrigation opportunities elsewhere.

Early history of the first State Constitutional Convention of the

STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA 9


State of North Dakota, shows the importance they attached to the futuredevelopment and utilization of irrigation water through its proper use.After listening to the following address made before the ConstitutionalConvention by Major J. W. Powell, Director of the U. S. Geological Survey,the convention adopted laws for controlling and regulating all waterswithin the state.

ADDRESS BY MAJOR POWELL TO THE NORTH DAKOTA CONSTI-TUTIONAL CONVENTION IN BISMARCK

AUGUST 5, 1889

"Mr. President, and gentlemen of the convention, I am not accustomedto speak on occasions like this. In the first place, I never have made apolitical speech in my life and it seems to me I am almost out of placehere. When I was a boy they used to bring to the table the dinner, andthe finest things came at the last part of the feast, but somehow in thehigh falutin' dinners they give now, they fill the people with wines andviands of many kinds and then end with strong cheese and hard crackers.I think that is what your president is doing today. He wants to top offwith something very plain. I know nothing about the silver question, butI have studied somewhat the subject of irrigation.

"I was a farm boy and have been engaged in farming and have spenta good deal of time studying many of the problems which interest yourpeople. I remember in my childhood my father moved into Illinois. ThenI remember when Minnesota and Wisconsin were making states, and nowyou are making two states of Dakota. All these years I havewatched the march of progress across the continent and have seen all thiswestern half of America grow up, as it were, from a wilderness. Of thequestions that practically interest the people who are engaged in farming,I have made some study and in my remarks I will confine myself whollyto some practical questions relating to irrigation and then I will showwhat the Constitutional Convention should have to say about them.

"The State of North Dakota has a curious position geographicallyin relation to agriculture. The eastern portion of the state has sufficientrainfall for agricultural purposes; the western part has insufficientrainfall, and the western portion is, practically, wholly dependent onirrigation. In the western portion all dependence on rains will ultimatelybring disaster to the people. They are unwilling yet, a good many of themto admit it, but the study of the physical conditions which prevail inthis country, and the application of the knowledge which has been givento mankind through the study of these same problems in Europe andAsia and Africa, all prove this one fact—that in the western portionof this state they will have to forever depend on artificial irrigation forall agriculture. In the eastern portion they may depend upon the stormsthat come from the heavens, and there is a middle belt between the tworegions which is of very great interest. They will soon learn in thewestern portion to depend upon irrigation and provide themselves withagencies for the artificial fortifying of the soil with water. In the

STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA

11

Irrigated alfalfa on the Grantier stock farm, McKenzie County.Diversion of water from impounded reservoir. No worry of feed

shortage for this stockman.

eastern part they will depend on the rainfall, and in the middle portionthey will have a series of years when they will have abundant crops;then for two or three years they will have less rainfall and there willbe failure of crops and disaster will come on thousands of people whowill become discouraged and will leave. Up and down the temperatureof agriculture will rise and fall with the seasons in this manner and theonly practical thing to do is to look the thing squarely in the face andremember that in middle Dakota agriculture will always be liable tomeet with failure unless you provide against it. That is the history ofall those who live on the border between the humid and the arid lands.Years will come of abundance and years will come of disaster, andbetween the two the people will be prosperous and unprosperous andthe thing to do is to look the question squarely in the face and providefor this and for all years. You hug to yourselves the delusion thatthe climate is changing. This question is four thousand years old.Nothing that man can do will change the climate. A long succession ofyears will give you the same amount of rainfall that any other successionof the same length will give you. The settlement of the country, thecultivation of trees, the building of railroads—all of these matters willhave no influence upon your climate. You may as well not hope for anyimprovement in this direction. There is almost rainfall enough for yourpurpose. But one year with another and you need a little more thanyou get. It is flowing past you in the rivers. Storms come and spreadover the land and the waters run off into the rivers and is carried intothe waters of the Gulf of Mexico. There are waters rolling by you whichare quite ample to redeem your land and you must save these waters.I say it from the standpoint of the history of all such lands. Civilization


was born in arid lands. Taking the world at large, most of the agricultureof the world has depended on irrigation for more than 4,000 years. Thelargest populations have depended on irrigation, so it is an old problemand it has been solved time and again so that it may be said that thereis nothing to learn. All you have to do is to learn the lessons alreadytaught by history, and that is that in these lands you have to dependon placing the water on the soil and when you have learned to do thatyou are in no unfavorable condition. In the humid region the stormscome and the fields receive the gentle shower but frequently just beforethe harvest comes, a great storm devastates it all. In this arid region,if you depend on artificial irrigation, you are independent of storms.The waters that are brought on the lands by irrigation are sourcesof fertilization beyond all other sources. There are fields in the easternworld that have been cultivated for 4,000 years—where water wasbrought on the land to irrigate and all other fertilization is unecessary.Now in all lands of high culture where fields are irrigated they areceasing to use any other fertilizer. In France where they are irrigatingtheir lands they have commenced a system in every county and township—the same in Spain and Germany. They find that they must pour thewaters of their streams on their lands.

As members of this Convention, that is what I have to say to you.Not being a public man, it may be considered a little presumptuous forme to say—in Dakota you are to depend hereafter in a great measureon the running streams, in a small part on your artesian wells, and inpart on the storage of storm waters. The chief source will be therunning streams. These waters are to be preserved and stored duringthe season of non-irrigation. There are, say, two months of the yearwhen you need it to irrigate and ten months when you should store thewater. All other wealth falls into insignificance compared with thatwhich is to come from these lands from the pouring on them of therunning streams of this country. Don't let these streams get out of thepossession of the people. If you fail in making a constitution in anyother respect, fail not in this one. Take lessons from California andColorado. Fix it in your constitution that no corporation—no body ofmen—no capital can get possession and right of your waters. Hold thewaters in the hands of the people. Think of a condition of affairs inwhich your agriculture, which you have to depend on largely—dependingon irrigation, is at the mercy of twenty companies who own all the water.They would laugh at ownership of land. What is ownership of landwhen the value is in the water? You should provide in the constitutionwhich you are making that the water which falls from the heavens androlls to the sea down your great rivers should be under the control ofthe people, subject always to the will of the people; that property inwater should be impossible for individuals to possess. You should forbidthe right to acquire property in water. The property should be in theland and the right to the water should inhere in the land and no companyor individuals should have property in the running streams. Such a

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13

Rainfall records at Bismarck and Williston from 1879 to 1938. Somany years has the precipitation been below normal that dry land

farming is often uncertain.

provision will prevent your great agricultural sources falling into thehands of the few."

No statements have ever come more true as a prophecy than thoseincluded in Major Powell's address. Still, it really took too many yearsbefore North Dakota heeded the recommendations as far as the needfor irrigation was concerned.

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT

A study of the charts showing rainfall at Bismarck and Willistonfor the period 1879 to 1938 will reveal that there are a considerable num-ber of periods of decrease in precipitation from the normal. Bumpercrop yields are obtained when the rainfall exceeds the normal to anyextent. Fair to good yields are obtained under normal moisture condi-tions, if preceding droughts have not been too severe or frequent.Without question, it is apparent that for a stable agriculture, supple-mentary moisture is necessary whenever it is possible to apply it.

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YELL. STOW' PROJFCT

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Area of land irrigated in North Dakota from 1889 to 1941. The upperline shows the total acres and the lower line the acres in the Lower

Yellowstone Project alone.

Records show the irrigated acreage in North Dakota as 445 acres in1889, the year North Dakota became a state. The acreage increased atthe rate of about 50 to 100 acres per year until 1910 when it increased


more rapidly, with decreases showing in some particular years with aneventual increase over former amounts. Major state droughts occurredin the years 1886, 1893, 1897, 1900, 1910, 1917, 1931, 1934 and 1936.Usually irrigation increased during the drought years with a largerincrease the year following.

In 1936 there were 16,014 acres irrigated in the state with all but2,000 acres of this located in McKenzie county on the Lower YellowstoneProject west of Cartwright, North Dakota. In 1937 the state irrigatedacreage was 17,750, in 1938 it increased to 24,048, and 265 500 acres wereirrigated in 1940. The chart shows the acres irrigated in the stateduring the period from 1889 to 1940, a period of 51 years, and thecontemplated acreage in 1941, based on the developments under con-sideration and under construction. It is to be noted that during thelast three years since 1937, the year of the organization of the NorthDakota State Water Conservation Commission, irrigation has increasedover 33 per cent as a result of the development of the Lewis and Clark,Sioux, and small irrigation projects by the Commission and associatedagencies.

In the early days of irrigation project development, the irrigationworks were constructed and the land owner was left with the problemof clearing and developing his land for irrigation farming. Most irriga-tion projects are located in river valleys and these valleys usually havea growth of trees or brush. In addition, some parts of the valleys havehummocky land that cannot be irrigated without proper preparation.

The last few years the trend has been to clear and develop the landsfor irrigation so that new irrigation farmers will be able to get theirfarms into production as soon as possible. This is the only way that theycan be expected to repay their assessments on projects that are financedwhere repayments start quite soon after the project is completed. Unlessthe land is prepared, it would be necessary to give the farmer a periodof many years free of assessments in order that he may try to get hisland cleared and developed.

The main difficulty with the individual farmer clearing and develop-ing his own land is that he does not have the equipment, the supervisionor the finances to do the job. If he does it with his own farm labor andequipment, it takes him too long.

The first program of land clearing and development in North Dakotawas started by the North Dakota Rural Rehabilitation Corporation withthe Work Projects Administration cooperating. This program hasproven the soundness of land development work. The success of theportion of the Lewis and Clark Project that is finished is due entirelyto the fact that the land is developed. The land on that project that isnot developed is not in production.

The development of projects under the Great Plains Program of theFederal Government follows the same general procedure as that followed


Trucking produce to market from Burlington irrigated gardens.

on the Lewis and Clark Project. The Farm Security Administrationpurchases available excess lands on the project, then develops theselands. The Bureau of Reclamation constructs the irrigation works. , Inthis way the settlement, production, and repayment success of theproject is rendered more certain. The Buford-Trenton Project is beingconstructed under the Great Plains Program.

IRRIGATION PROJECTSA brief statement and tabulation is made in the following pages, of

the various irrigation developments in the state, together with thepotential projects that are being considered for future development.

Burlington Irrigated GardensThe Burlington Mutual Aid Irrigated Gardens, sponsored by the

North Dakota Rural Rehabilitation Corporation and the Farm SecurityAdministration, are located at Burlington, N. D., and constitute an areaof approximately 977 acres, 472 of which were irrigated in 1940.

The, garden land was irrigated two to three times during the drypart of the summer. The hay land received but one irrigation. Lathbox irrigation was adopted generally for the gardens. Crops were goodand diseases were negligible.

Besides the garden crops that were grown on all of the plots, severalhad plantings of small fruits, berries, and flowers that added variety and

•


17

The vegetable stand for the Burlington irrigated gardens. Notice thestrawberries being held.

beauty, and even in some cases financial reward, to the owners.

About 250 acres of hay land received pumped water from the MouseRiver. A 12-inch pump and 18 H. P. gas engine were used. The gardenreceived its water supply by gravity flow from impounded water of theDes Lacs River.

1940 Crop Yields(Per Acre)

Crop Variety Irrigated Non-Irrigated

Potatoes Warba 250-275 Bu. 50 Bu.Russet 150-200 Bu. 50 Bu.Triumph 175-250 Bu. 60 Bu.

Cabbage Danish Ballhead 9 1/4 T. 1 T.Golden Acre 9 T. 1 T.

Onions Yellow Globe 500-700 Bu. 250 Bu.Bermuda 750 Bu. 250 Bu.Sweet Spanish 700 Bu. 250 Bu.

Carrots Chantenay 600 Bu. 250 Bu.Tomatoes Bison 700 Bu. 200 Bu.

Allred 1100 Bu. 200 Bu.Victor 1000 Bu. 200 Bu.Pritchard 950 Bu. 200 Bu.

Cucumbers Arlington Chicats 500 Bu.Cantaloupe Sugar Rock 6 T. 1 T.

Hales Best 11 T. 1 T.Watermelons Northern Sweets 10 T.Sweet Corn Sunshine 1200 Doz. EarsHay Meadow 11/4 T. 1/4 T.


Part of a group visiting the Westphal Community garden in SiouxCounty during an "Agriculture in the News" broadcast, summer of

1939. Note the irrigation water in furrows.

State Prison Demonstration Irri gation Farm

This project is located five miles south of Bismarck, N. Dak., onthe Missouri River bottoms. Crops received four irrigations during thegrowing season by pumping from Missouri River. Yield data has beenkept on this demonstration farm since its development in 1937. Theyields in 1940 are shown below.

Yield YieldCrop Per Acre Crop Per Acre

Beets (Detroit Dark Red) 8.7 Tons Squash (Buttercup) 6.0 TonsParsnips (Hollow Crown) 7.7 Tons Onions (Yellow Globe) 560 BushelsCarrots (Chantenay) 7.2 Tons Onions (Prize Taken) 172 BushelsCarrots (Oxhart) 12.0 Tons Peas (Lincoln) 130 BushelsRutabagas (Purple Top) ___ 16 Tons Cabbage (Danish Ballhead) . 12.4 TonsPotatoes (Triumph) 250 Bushels Cabbage (Flat Dutch) 12.5 TonsBeans (Great Northern) 22 Bushels Tomatoes (Allred) 500 BushelsBeans (Stringless Green Tomatoes (Earliana) 310 Bushels

Pod) 90 Bushels Tomatoes (John Bear) 315 BushelsCorn (Golden Bantam) 49 Bu. Grain Beans (Lima) 40 Bushels

2 T. FodderCorn (White Flint) - -- 53 Bu. Grain

4 T. Fodder

No yields were kept on melons, cucumbers, peppers, rhubarb, egg-plant, citrons, dill and radishes. They had produced sufficient vegetableson the 10-acre irrigated garden to care for vegetable needs of the inmatesat the State Penitentiary.

Over 1,000 gallons of tomatoes and tomato juice were canned, as


19

Irrigated cucumbers on the Palmer Community gardens in SiouxCounty.

well as large quantities of vegetables including corn, beans, cucumberpickles, peas and beets. Potatoes, squash, parsnips, and carrots were

. stored in sufficient quantity for the coming winter's use.

Yields of Fruit and Berries

Crop Variety Yield

Plums (Waneta) 1 Bu. from 15 young treesCurrants (Red Lake) 3 Gallons from 30 bushesGooseberries (Pixwell) 6 Gallons from 90 bushesRaspberries (Chief Latham) 321/2 Gal. from 4 rows 200' longStrawberries (Progressive) 64 Gallons from 1/5 acre

' These fruits and berries received two irrigations during the growingseason.

Community Irrigated Gardens

Community irrigated garden Mutual Aid Corporations have beenorganized in Adams, Grant and Sioux counties, for producing vegetablesfor family consumption and feed for livestock. The State Water Con-servation Commission, acting as sponsor, furnished engineering, super-vision and made its services available in developing the projects. Otheragencies cooperating were the Rural Rehabilitation Corporation in pur-chasing the land; and the Work Projects Administration doing the con-struction work and furnishing labor for construction of the dams, ditchesand the installation of pumping equipment. The Extension Serviceand Farm Security Administration have assisted in carrying on an


A view from hillside of the Ed Hinker irrigated gardens along theCedar River in Grant County.

educational program to aid the farmers in obtaining information onup-to-date methods of irrigation, crop rotations, increasing yields, andprocuring certified seeds.

Each project has installed a small centrifugal pump for supplyingirrigation water with power for operating, furnished by either stationeryor tractor type gasoline engines. Supervision of operation and divisionof water is under control of a regularly appointed project manager.

There were 10 projects under operation during 1940 as follows:Spring Butte Mutual Aid, Lemmon, S. D. Adams County, N. D.Odessa Garden, Odessa, Grant CountyHoerauf Garden, Elgin, Grant CountyMcGregor Garden (Black Hawk), Sioux CountyKnoke Garden, Sioux CountyMcCormick (Nehl), Sioux CountySteiner Garden (Palmer), Sioux CountyJahnel Garden, Thunder Hawk, Sioux CountyHalverson Garden, Sioux CountyWestphal Garden, Sioux County

The average community garden contains approximately 20 acres ofirrigated land and is divided into 10 plots of two acres each, assigned toeach farmer for gardening and growing produce to supplement feed forlivestock.

Assuming that each project is contributing in the support of tenfamilies, we have 100 families directly benefited, also the dairy and live-

ritoiblIdo'1+111+iff-11:;;


stock industry stabilized in an area where the drouth during the pastseveral years has been most severe. The success of the gardens hascreated an interest for further expansion and development of additionalcommunity garden projects in the area.

The Lewis and Clark Irrigation DistrictThis newly constructed project lies on the McKenzie County side of

the Lewis and Clark highway bridge, which crosses the Missouri Riversouthwest of Williston. The area comprises about 7,700 acres of whichabout 5,600 acres are being developed for irrigation. Construction, landclearing and leveling were started during the fall of 1937. Much of thiswork was supplied by 100 to 450 WPA workers and farmers from the


surrounding territory. Because WPA employees could not work on privateland it was first purchased by the North Dakota Rural RehabilitationCorporation then cleared, grubbed and leveled.

The Rehabilitation Corporation purchased the $150,000 bond issuecovering our construction of the irrigation system, then in 1940 purchasedan additional $25,000 bond issue for construction of the drainage systemand for operation and maintenance. With purchase of additional land in1940 and funds necessary for completion, the Corporation will haveinvested approximately $300,000 in the project. By September, 1939, thepumping plant and main ditches were constructed so the 1,000 acres ofprepared land could be fall flooded with 20 inches of water beforefreeze-up.

The State of North Dakota owned 560 acres of land situated withinthe Lewis and Clark Irrigation District. This land was not being devel-oped for irrigation and since some of it was located along U. S. HighwayNo. 85, the appearance to the project was not enhanced by this undevelopedland. Early in 1940, the Commission realized that this land should bepurchased and developed for irrigation farming if the project was tosucceed.

Negotiations were made with the Bank of North Dakota for thepurchase of revenue bonds, Series F, in. the amount of $27,000 in order topurchase and develop 160 acres of Bank of North Dakota land and 400acres of school land. This transaction was made in accordance with secondparagraph (a), of subdivision (1), Section 10, Chapter 256, Session Lawsof 1939.

Under a co-operative arrangement with the Farm Security Admin-istration farmers will be settled on the project land. So far 18 disadvan-taged dry land farmers from McKenzie and Williams counties have hadthe benefit of irrigated land. When the project is completed, there will beabout 60 farm units, each about 90 acres in size.

Average yields obtained on 1,232 acres of crop land by these newirrigation farmers for the 1940 crop season were as follows:

Market ValueCrop Acres Average Yield Best Yield Gross Income

Flax 325 11 bu. 15 bu. $ 3,360.00Wheat 223 38 bu. 56 bu. 6,042.00Barley 198 31 bu. 40 bu. 1,170.00Oats 157 85 bu. 110 bu. 945.00Corn 126 30 bu. + 2 1/2 T. 42 bu. ± 3 T. 1,184.00Potatoes 111 217 bu. 300 bu. 5,460.00Millet & Sudan

Grass 38 214 T. 3 T. 135.00Garden 14 S1094150 2,100.00

$20,513.00


The production results exceeded expectations for a new project wheresome of the land had been leveled, and in addition some of the crops wereplanted late in the spring due to the development work under way onmuch of the acreage. It was necessary to have considerable cash cropthe first year on the land, therefore the acreage of small grains was morethan may be true in the future. Flax was used as a nurse crop foralfalfa, and millet and sudan grass were seeded on lands available latedue to development. Most of the potatoes were certified for seed.

Yields on dry land immediately adjoining the project varied fromcrops not worthy of harvesting expense to those barely paying expenses.

Assessments

Lands in the project are separated into six classes for the purpose of(1) apportioning construction charges, (2) making land appraisals, (3)planning project development, and (4) determining agricultural adapta-tion. Irrigable lands include all lands served by the irrigation ditch sys-tem that are suitable for crop production. Class 1, 2 and 3 are consideredas irrigable, class 4 as semi-irrigable, class 5 as temporarily non-irrigable, and class 6 as rights-of-way, permanently non-irrigable or notworthy of development under irrigation. Classes 4 and 5 are generallyused only to show there may be some future value to land which is nowunsuitable to irrigation agriculture.

Construction benefits were apportioned and assessments levied during1940, being due and payable in 1941.

Funds were invested in the project from time to time starting inJune, 1938. Interest has accrued on the funds invested and the firstinterest coupons on the bonds are due January 1, 1941. In order tomeet contingencies, an assessment was made for that purpose on auniform rate per acre.

The operation and maintenance charge is levied uniformly per acreon irrigated land and is based on a budget for the district. The budgettotals $9,997.20, which for 5,554 acres is $1.80 per acre.

The various items of assessment are shown in the followingtabulation:

Interest $17,862.61Contingent 778.38Operation and Maintenance 9,997.20

Total $28,638.19

Retirement of construction costs are due to start in 1943 for theirrigation portion and in 1944 for the drainage portion. These costs will




have to be spread the year previous to their due period. Distribution ofthe unit costs of construction are as follows:

Construction BenefitsApportioned Per Acre

Class of Land Irrigation Drainage Total

1 $36.85 $ 6.16 $43.012 29.48 4.93 34.413 11.05 1.98 13.034 4.40 .55 4.955 1.10 ... 1.10

The total assessments for 1941 are as follows:

Class Acres of Interest Contingent Fund Operation & Total

of Each Rate Per Acre Rate Per Acre Maintenance Per

Land Class Irrigation Drainage Irrigation Drainage Per Acre Acre

1 2111.0 $3.91 $ .08 $ .13 $ .01 $1.80 $5.932 2585.0 3.12 .07 .13 .01 1.80 5.133 858.0 1.17 .03 .13 .01 1.80 3.144 162.1' .48 .01 0 0 0 .495 708.0' .12 0 0 0 0 .126 0 0 0 0 0

1 Irrigation classification. Drainage classification is 106.4 and zero acres respectively.

Irrigation Experiment Farm on Lewis and Clark ProjectChapter 221, Session Laws 1939, transferred certain school lands,

situated within the Lewis and Clark Irrigation District, to the State ofNorth Dakota to be used for irrigation experimental and demonstrationwork under the direction and control of the North Dakota AgriculturalExperiment Station. The land conveyed is described as the north half

Farm ditch on Lewis and Clark Project carrying first waterpimped in fall of 1939.


27

Fall irrigation in lister furrows for pre-watering parched soil onLewis and Clark Project.

(N1/2) of the southwest quarter (SW%) of section sixteen (Sec. 16),township one hundred fifty-three (Twp. 153), north of range one hundredone (Rge. 101), west of the fifth principal meridian, McKenzie County,North Dakota, less that portion of said premises heretofore transferredand conveyed for highway right-of-way, said premises containing 79.32acres, more or less, according to the United States Government surveythereof.

This tract of land was investigated and appraised for its value as anexperimental tract and was found not entirely suitable for the purposesof experimental and demonstration work. About 30 acres were classifiedas irrigable and represented only one soil type common to the MissouriRiver bottoms. The remaining 50 acres were classed as non-irrigable, itbeing located mostly in a slough formed by an earlier river channel.

A search was made by a committee of technicians for a tract favor-ably located containing soil types representaive of the area as well as ofthe typical Missouri River bottoms. A tract of 30 acres was found con-taining three soil types. Adjacent to it a 10-acre tract, containing afourth soil type, was obtained. A 40-acre tract was then secured, con-taining some irrigable land and some upland grazing area. This totalselection of 80 acres was then exchanged for the 80 acres transferredby the Act in compliance with the second paragraph of Section 2, of Chap-ter 221, Session Laws 1939. In selecting these tracts of more suitableland, there was consequently an increase in cost of some thirteen hun-dred dollars. . Through the efforts of the Williston Chamber of Commerce,funds were raised to pay this difference in cost.

The final establishment of the experimental tracts was accomplishedin latter May, 1940, ..and the planting of experimental plots proceeded.

28 REPORT OF N. D. WATER COMMISSION & STATE ENGINEER-----


Since this experimental farm is to be associated with the dry land experi-mental sub-station north of Williston, it was possible to make use of someof the machinery located there, but there were some kinds of machinerynot available. Some of the more important implements were purchasedthis year and some of the work was customed by farmers on the project.A small tractor, single bottom tractor plow, and one row cultivator werepurchased this year. A recording rain guage was purchased so thatprecipitation received at the farm would be recorded so that this mois-ture could be correlated with the irrigation practices.

The appropriation for operation and maintenance of the irrigationexperimental farm for the biennium 1939-41 was $4,000.00, or an averageof $2,000.00 per year. It is readily apparent that the funds were inad-equate to pay salary of a supervisor, wages of labor on the farm andoperating expenses. Therefore, in order to operate the farm, is wasnecessary to make arrangements for assistance in this work. A coop-erative agreement between the Williston High School and the NationalYouth Administration was entered into and by paying part of the salaryof the Smith-Hughes instructor and organizing a project under theNYA whereby boys enrolled under that program might work on theproject, it was possible to operate this year. However, at critical timessuch as during harvest, labor was not available and it was necessary tohire labor for certain periods. Through the NYA some lumber fromsalvaged buildings was obtained for use on the farm. It is hoped thata machine shed, work room and granary may be built in this way.

The arrangement for the operation of this irrigation experimentalfarm is not entirely satisfactory as many procedures cannot be definitelycontrolled. As soon as possible, the irrigation experimental farm shouldbe established on a sound approved basis so that fundamental irrigationinvestigations may be conducted.

In spite of the late planting of the crops and the destructiveness ofbugs, for which equipment for control was not available, the yields ofcrops exceed every expectation. The results of the 1940 season were:

Crop and Variety Yield Per AcreOats

Victory 75 Bu.Gopher 80 Bu.

BarleyWisconsin 38 54 Bu.Trebi 99 Bu.

CornNorthwestern Dent 65 Bu.Falconer 55 Bu.Wisconsin 25 45 Bu.

Potatoes—Bliss Triumph 322 Bu.Cane—Amber (Seed) Total yield 3200 Lbs.A more complete report of the description of the irrigation experi-

mental farm and the results during 1940 will be available from theNorth Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo.

c=fsN

- -

NORTH DAKOD> STATEWATER CONSERVATION COMPASSIONSIOUX IRRIGATION PROJECT

SHOWING

DITCHES AN) GAS LINE

0 4.•

4 -m. 1 4'•.4! ..+1.44-, -,-„„ _ .10-7141 T .. - - - de -

1 1.0..0,. or

24 'd4 .1t

r.#‘23


General ?nap of Sioux irrigation Project.


The Sioux Irrigation District

This project of 1,030 acres is located on the east bank of the Yellow-stone River north of the town of Cartwright, McKenzie County. Con-struction was started on the project in the fall of 1938, which involvedreconstruction of some existing facilities that were not adequately in-stalled during 1936-37. The cost of the project was $25,000.00, whichincluded adequate funds for operation and maintenance for the year 1940,financed by the North Dakota Rural Rehabilitation Corporation andsupported by a bond issue, Series D.

Five hundred and eight acres of this project were irrigated oncethe first crop season in 1940. Average yields on the project, with thegross income figured at market value, are shown as follows:

Average Yield Market ValueCrop Acres Per Acre Gross Income

Alfalfa 28 3 T. plus 3 bu. seed $ 1,200.00Wheat 326 35-41 bu. (Dry land 8-12

bu.) 8,796.00Barley 70 40 bu. 700.00Flax 60 15 bu. 1,170.00Beans 43 15 bu. 1,161.00Potatoes 12 200 bu. 1,440.00Garden and Miscellaneous 57 $25.00 1,425.00

$ 15,892.00

On the basis of 508 acres in production, the gross income averaged$31.28 per acre.

A view of part of the Sioux Irrigation District looking northwestfrom the top of a bluff at edge of flat. Note Yellowstone River atupper left. Main canal crosses picture diagonally just above center.


Assessments

Lands in the project were separated into four classes for the purposeof apportioning construction charges, which was done in 1940, the firstassessment due in 1941.

Retirement of construction costs is due to start in 1943. Until thattime, it is planned that interest, operation and maintenance, and a dis-trict general fund should be levied and thus enable the new system ofirrigation farming to become established.

Funds were invested in the project from time to time starting earlyin 1939. Interest has accrued on these funds and on the bonds. Assess-ments were levied on 798 acres of the district as follows:

Class Acres Dist. General Operation & Total

of of Fund Maintenance Interest Assessment

Land Class Per Acre Per Acre Per Acre Per Acre

1 500 $ .56 $1.25 $2.45 $4.262 79 .45 1.25 1.96 3.663 39 .28 0 1.23 1.514 180 .09 0 .41 .50

The total of the levy made on the district being:Interest on bonds $1,501.68Operation and Maintenance 723.79District General Fund 342.67

Total $2,568.14The average levy per acre is approximately $3 22.

The diversion dam and intake structure near Savage, Montana, onthe Lower Yellowstone Project. The project canal is in the fore-ground and the dam may be noted by the riffle extending across the

river between the two towers.


The Lower Yellowstone Project

The first major irrigation project undertaken in North Dakota wasthe Lower Yellowstone Irrigation Project located along the west sideof the Yellowstone River. The total project comprises about 58,000 acreswith almost 20,000 acres located in McKenzie County, North Dakota. Theproject was constructed by the U. S. Reclamation Service and water wasfirst available for irrigation in 1909. The valley at that time was largelyowned by stockmen who thought that nearly a section of land wasnecessary in order to make a comfortable living and set aside somethingfor retirement. It has been proven impractical to farm large acreagesunder irrigation, so most of the larger holdings have been reduced tosmaller tracts, the average size of farm on the project at the presenttime being approximately 100 acres.

In 1939 there were 14,131 acres irrigated in the North Dakota portionof the project with yields of the major crops raised as follows:

CropAverage Yield

Per AcreValue Crop

Per Acre

Barley 36.8 Bu. $11.03Corn, Grain 37, Bu. 15.14

Fodder 1. T. 5.53Oats 37.0 Bu. 8.88Wheat 27.3 Bu. 13.65Flax 13.3 Bu. 19.90Alfalfa, Hay 1.8 T. '7.05

Seed 5.3 Bu. 47.57Sugar Beets 14.3 T. 62.18Sugar Beet Tops 2.86Beans, Commercial 9.0 Bu. 11.78Potatoes 83.2 Bu. 45.76

Successful farming on the project is largely due to the dairyingand livestock industries that are possible. In 1939, there was the followinglivestock on the North Dakota part of the project:

Kind

Number Total Value

Horses and Mules 403 $26,675.00Beef Cattle 419 17,140.00Range and Feeder Cattle 376 18,361.00Dairy Cattle 679 26,723.00Sheep, farm flock 668 2,977.00Sheep, range, feeders 15,756 78,780.00Hogs 767 6,113.00Turkeys 315 473.00Fowls 7,803 3,943.00Miscellaneous 2,281.00

• Total $183,466.00

Buford-Trenton ProjectIn the fall of 1937 the Commission entered into a cooperative

arrangement with the Federal Bureau of Reclamation, for a joint investi-


gation of irrigation possibilities on the Missouri River bottom landslocated between Buford and Williston in Williams County. The Com-mission invested about $1,800.00 in this project for preliminary investiga-tions. This investigation, made with engineers of the U. S. Bureau ofReclamation, showed the 13,400 acre project to be entirely feasible.

In September 1939, the Buford-Trenton project was approved at aFederal cost of $1,500,000.00, under the Great Plains Program, theDepartment of the Interior (Bureau of Reclamation) and the Departmentof Agriculture (Farm Security Administration) to cooperate in itsconstruction and development. The reimbursible cost of the project wasestimated at $630,000.00, repayable without interest over a 40-year period.The remaining $870,000.00 of cost represents WPA or other Federal non-reimbursible labor costs. Construction and development on this projectis, now well under way with six miles of the main canal completed. A goodinitial acreage should be irrigated in the first unit during 1942.

The Bismarck Project

Located immediately south of the City of Bismarck, this project ofapproximately 5,000 acres was approved early in 1940 for constructionunder the Case-Wheeler Great Plains Act. Total cost of the undertakingwas set at $590,000.00 of which $250,000.00 would come from the$5,000,000.00 federal appropriation made under the Act. This portion ofthe cost would be repaid without interest over a 40-year period. Thebalance of the cost would be furnished by the Work Projects Administra-tion largely in the form of relief labor.

The project has been delayed in its final approval for constructionby its failure to meet certain federal requirements, the chief one beingthe restriction that any one ownership of land may not exceed 160 acres.Some landowners have not expressed a willingness to meet the require-ment. Another factor is that lands available for purchase cannot exceeda reasonable appraised value as speculation in land cannot be permittedunder federal regulations.

To assist the project in getting underway, the Commission haspurchased 100 acres of land known as the Dullam Estate, and has hadthe promise of lands formerly belonging to the Mellon Estate. The Bankof North Dakota has agreed to purchase $16,500.00 of Series G bondsto finance the purchase of these tracts of land. There are other tractsof land that will undoubtedly need to be purchased before the success ofthe project is established.

The Cartwright Project

Located southwest of the town. of Cartwright, along the east bankof the Yellowstone River, this project of 840 acres was investigated bythe Commission in 1937 and plans and specifications prepared. Thefederal Water Facilities Board took the project under consideration in1938 and in 1939 it was authorized for construction. The _location of the


A watermelon for Governor Moses. Irrigated gar-den of H. J. Geigle on Bismarck Flat.

pumping plant was changed to a more central part of the project and afew changes were made in the plans. All bids received for constructionran considerably in excess of estimates which were placed at $26,000.00.

Changes in plans and construction methods will undoubtedly benecessary in order to reduce the possible cost of the project down tothe estimates. It is felt that the project cannot bear a heavier cost thanoriginal estimates.

The Kyes ProjectThis project is located in Emmons County near Livona, along the

Missouri River, northeast of Cannonball, including approximately 1,400acres.


Cooperating in the development of this project, the Soil ConservationService, under the Water Facilities Act, made a complete detailedtopographic and soil survey available for our use in making preliminaryplans and designing the irrigation system. Cost estimates are beingprepared and as soon as completed, application will be made for thesale of bonds to enable the North Dakota State Water ConservationCommission to proceed with construction and development of the project.

The North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission hasapproved the issuance of revenue bonds in the amount of $70,000.00 inorder to construct the irrigation works and to purchase and developthe land.

The Yellowstone Pumping Irrigation District

The project in which we are interested is that commonly known asUnit No. 3 of the Sidney Pumping Project, the other two units of thissame project being a little farther upstream and located entirely inMontana, all three units being on the east side of the Yellowstone River.The North Dakota portion is 10 miles southwest of Cartwright, N. Dak.,and about eight miles northeast of Sidney, Montana.

The Unit No. 3 consists of approximately 1,939 acres of irrigableland in North Dakota with an additional 410 acres of Montana laudlocated where the river makes a bend back into Montana after it hasentered North Dakota. The entire irrigation system of all three units wasoriginally proposed by the Montana Water Board under the PWAprogram, but Unit No. 3 was not constructed under the program beforefunds were exhausted and the PWA was out of existence.

A common type of individual farm pumping plant installation.


A source of revenue for the construction of Unit No. 3 was necessary,therefore an application for a loan was made to the ReconstructionFinance Corporation for $50,000.00 in the summer of 1940. An inspectionand appraisal of the project has been made by the RFC and it is underconsideration. The construction of this project will also involve negotia-tions between the states of North Dakota and Montana.

Early in January, 1939, the North Dakota Rural RehabilitationCorporation made a loan to the State Water Conservation Commission inthe sum of $3,500.00 in order that the size of the intake, at the MontanaPumping Station No. 3, could be increased beyond the original Montanacontract to a size sufficient to serve the North Dakota lands of 1,939acres, and the 410 acres of Montana land previously mentioned. It wasestimated that if the intake was not increased in size at the time, whilethe Montana Water Board was constructing its Pumping Station No. 3,that it would cost the Yellowstone Pumping Irrigation District anadditional $18,000.00 to construct its own pumping plant.

Assessments

To pay interest on the investment made two years ago in theenlargement of the intake, and to furnish a small contingent fund for theyear, the district levied 20 cents per acre for 1941 or $387.80.

Sprinkler irrigation of onions by Fred Schafer of Schafer, N. D.


OPERATION AND FINANCIAL STATUS OFIRRIGATION PROJECTS

November 30, 1940Project AcresNumber Name Addreee, Irrigated Amount Amount

1939 1940 Invested Repaid

Adams County •106A Gordon Krauser _Lemmon 20107A John Ostenburg _Lemmon 3 3108A Val Braun __Reeder 231A Cliff Solseth _Bucyrus 2 2

110A John Campbell . ______Lemmon 3 3111A Lee Hague Lemmon 2 2112A Joe Moe _Regent 2113A Ernest Donner _Desart 160A B. Byron Bobb _ _ Haynes 5234 Spring Butte Mut. Aid Lemmon 4 395.82

100A Earl Wallace _Lemmon 2 _ ...

Barnes County51A Bergseth Project Kathryn 2 2

101A Andrew Fitch _.____Valley City 10 1017A Lars Reiten Hastings 25 25

Benson County203 Alvin Liudahl . Maddock 10 34.55 •

Billings County44A W. S. Pesheck Gorham 3

53 3121A John Ott _Belfield ________ __ . .263295.81129 George Gerbig ________Manger 24 •

122A Joseph Malkowski Belfield 3295.81

Bottineau CountyNone

Bowman County75A J. H. Lamb _Rhame 128A Guy Johnson .Marmarth 12 15216 Grand Riv.- Bow. Proj. Bowman Proposed 124.44

Burleigh County115 State Penitentiary Bismarck . _ _ 10 99.05 60.0058A Sam Eck Bismarck 5 5

2A George Will _Bismarck 2052A H. J. Geigle ____________Bismarck 1 140A I. J. Reed __Menoken 25 25

6 V. M. Craven Menoken 220.35 100.002 A. W. Gussner _Bismarck 60 203.74 115.00

21 Wagon Wheel Bluff ___Bismarck Proposed 86.51

55 Frank Slag Bismarck 31.56 31.56116 Harry Tetley_____Bismarck 13.18 13.18132 Park Hill District __Bismarck Proposed 187.31170 H. E. Wildfang Bismarck . ___ _ 18.10 18.10215 Bismarck Project Bismarck Proposed 414.54206 W. E. Berwman Bismarck . __ _ 34.48 11.61

Burke County122 Vern A. Soderquist _ Columbus __. _ 5 5 331.51 50.00

Cass County93A Peter Stroud Casselton 15

120A A. B. Wickman Leonard 2148 Emil Piper Durbin 110

119A A. L. Eggert Mapleton 160 160118A Frank Lynch

(M. G. Kittel) _____ _Casselton 160 160117A Allen H. Houd Durbin 3041A R. V. Powers Durbin 80 8095A Henry Loberg _Fargo 1096A Carl Houkom Fargo 10

115A Warner Project Durbin 10

•


Project AcresNumber Name Irrigated Amount Amount

Address 1939 1940 Invested Repaid

Cavalier CountyNone

Dickey County1D Forest Service Oakes 60 60

49A W. J. Schafer ' Oakes 5 550A Fred Sletvold Oakes 20

Divide County94 T. S. Stuart __ __________ Crosby 20 316.66

Dunn County11 Alf Olafson _ . __ . . _Halliday 17 17 190.8151 Emma L. Sampson Fayette 5 5 235.21 10.0083 Janie B. Scott _Manning 22 22 7.76 7.76

139 Lewis Dinehart _Manning . 20 25 229.82 20.0021A Jack Dvirnak _Killdeer 1 1 _ --22A L. W. Veigel _Killdeer 1 120A Vistern Hurienko ___ ____________ 1

33 Louis Signalness Croff 40 299.9477 Theo. Semerad New Hradec 8 8 240.41

130 Mary B. Materna Manning 165.45 10.00

Eddy County10A Olaf Birkeland _Sheyenne 23 2511A Henry Keifer Warwick 30 30

Emmons County164 J. F. Schiermeister ___ Linton 2 2 24.4247A Engelman & Seultz __Braddock 15 206A Martin Sahli .Hague 5 5

26A Godfrey Grenz Livona 10 1069A Carl Riedlinger Linton 770A B. E. Ketchum Linton 271A John Senger _Linton 172A Jake Schiermeister _. Livona 173A Clarence Goehring _Hazelton 14

79 Kyes Irrigation Proj._ _Livona Proposed 192.2866 Klonda Lynn Linton 12.5678 Charles Clark Livona 311.81 200.0079 Wallace Kyes )

D. W. Casey ) ._ ....Livona 372.90 69.30150 Stout Irrigation Dist. __Hazelton 1,414.48226 Drake & Newcomer _ Braddock _ 205.18 190.59174 T. B. Meinhover Bismarck 14.67 14.67

Foster CountyNone

Golden Valley County218 T. E. Hudson Beach 20

124A Theo. Kunick Beach 1

Grand Forks County•8A Ole A. Flaat Grand Forks 17

29A A. L. Peterson _ _____ _Grand Forks 10 1074A Ray Miller Inkster _ ____ ._ lo

Grant County191 Odessa Garden Odessa 25 30 569.32 450.00200 Hoerauf Garden _Elgin __ _____ ___ 10 10 512.76 450.0030A Grant County GardenThunder Hawk . 12 10

76 Adolph Sprenger _Elgin 13 13 228.04 45.0032 Ed Nuss _Elgin 1 244.90 144.8649 Martin E. Mickelson _ New Leipzig 15.36 15.363A Ed Hinker -----------_Watauga. S. Dak. 6 6

16A Christ Hilluis Elgin 1 132A Adolph Ganthner Elgin 10 10

126A B. L. Vandeventer Shields 25




Grant County-(Continued)31 Ralph McGirl _Elgin 18.83

180 Grant Co. Gar. No. 180 114.70181 Grant Co. Gar. No. 181 209.88184 Grant Co. Gar. No. 184 154.79185 Grant Co. Gar. No. 185 125.82186 Grant Co. Gar. No. 186 149.44192 Grant Co. Gar. No. 192 176.23193 Grant Co. Gar. No. 193 121.8564 A. M. Johnson Almont 12.11

114 Bank of North Dakota Bismarck 20.06

18.75

Griggs County66A S. C. Severson Hannaford

4

Hettinger County37 Anton A. Bolte .Regent 4 10 277.38 33.82

61A Arthur Leno Mott 3062A Joseph Kohl New England 363A Matt Meisner Mott 25 25

Kidder County25A Commerce J. Calkins Steele . _ ........ ..... 1 1

LaMoure County64A Elvin Anderson . ... Adrian ___ _ . . 2565A Nick Tischer Grand Rapids 12166 Thos. W. Lynch LaMoure . _ . . 4 16.38159 Bk. of N. D. No. 159 Bismarck 17.80 17.80

Logan CountyInformation Not Available

McHenry County1E Forest Service Towner 40 401B Eaton Irrigation Proj. Towner 4500 400016 Arne Moen Upham 5 5

McKenzie County7 Frank Lassey Cartwright _ . ..... 10 5 209.04 50.00

86 Magnus Gudbranson Charlson _ _ . 40 40 463.24 25.00104A Roy Johnson Cartwright 20 20

14 Frank Erickson_ (Millhouse) Cartwright 120 80 790.01 275.00

213 Sioux Irrigation Proj. Cartwright 508 23,631.49 23,631.49,142 Joseph Seibold Watford City 16 16 21.42 10.78151 Gust Johnson Watford City _ 50 30 315.87 63.18156 John Wendike _Watford City . 40 20 306.91 175.0023 T. E. McGregor _ _ Arnegard 50 50 10.50 10.50

42A Fred Schafer ______ ..... Schafer 7 771 Jay Grantier Banks 200 200 1,912.45 1.910.96,35 Roy McColl ..Cartwright 40 . 338.42 150.00

188 Woodie Watson ..... Watford City _ _ _ 14 14 493.22 149.3229 H. J. Houser ..... _ _Banish 40 35 510.79 508.77

175 Lewis & Clark Proj. Williston 2000 169,439.34 165,904.46,1A Lower Yellowstone Sidney, Mont 14,000 14,20038 Osmund Hamre Watford City 12 111.91 37.3036 Cartwright Project Cartwright Proposed 857.7452 Emil Peterson Charlson 242.98 134.4292 Halvor Rolfsrud Keene ------------------------181.21 127.02

138 D. W. Miller Dore 398.09 178.041 40 H. P. Lundin __ _ Watford City ..__-. -___ 28.46154 W. T. Hall Cartwright 217.36 135.59155 Wm. Rehberg Alexander 19.69 15.00163 F. M. Hendrixson ..Arnegard 36.31171 Seneschal Irrig. Proj. __Banks Proposed 255.10195 Einar H. Dahl Watford City 11.89214 Yellowstone Pumping

Project.. Cartwright Proposed 3,799.10105 F. M. Shatswell Buford _ 198.91 125.00

'Represents repayments to the Commission through bond sales.

STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA 41 .



McIntosh CountyNone

McLean County33A Renzi Truck Garden _Washburn ____ .. _ 5 534A William Redlinger Washburn 2 235A Fred Krause Washburn 9 9

28 Robert Maxwell rurtle Lake 5 5 715.862G Indian Service .Elbowoods 62 62

99A Hank Janke . Garrison 10 • 15 H. T. Burns Garrison 15

133A Fred 0. Hanson Emmet 6024 Oscar Oberg Washburn _ ..... _ _ ____ 30.07 30.07

160 Painted Woods Washburn 2.167.02

Mercer County132A Ben Janssen Stanton 15 22

202 Murry Moxley Beulah 5 10 14.0682 R. E. O'Neil . _Beulah 10 10 72.45 72.45

98A Frank A. Morris _Hebron 4105A John Winkler Beulah 10

8 Fred Sinerius ____ ____ __Beulah 738.93 478.3617 Harvey Moxley Beulah 301.89 100.00

Morton County27 R. H. LeRoyMandan 16 20 441.60 25.00

48A R. H. Lankford Mandan 25 2561 W. A. Leach Mandan 16 15 352.25 125.0026 Henry J. Rix _Mandan ______ ____ 24 24 702.47 70.00

114A Graner Brothers —Huff 10 1097 G. A. Richardson __Mandan 5 6 14.16 14.161H S. C. S. Nursery ____Mandan ________ 100 110

56A Harold Oss _Mandan 30IF Forest Service _____Mandan 40

116A John Mason ______-__-__Mandan ____ ____ 10 1010 F. W. McGillic __Mandan 21.2272 A. C. Graner ) Huff 357.11 210.00

J. W. O'Rourke )____Mandan136 State Training Sch. ___Mandan 323.87 231.25236 J. F. Sullivan _Mandan 68.18 34.69

Mountrail County83A Bartelson & Ness Sanish 30084A Albert N. Winge Van Hook 785A Ben Saitherwaite Van Hook 2046A Kenneth Auveson Van Hook 5 5 —II WPA Garden Van Hook 20 2086A Ed Larson Van Hook 3287A A. N. Winge Van Hook 888A C. E. Stewart Sanish 4089A Geo. Frye . .. Stanley 890A Chas. Pan—r Stanley 891A Raymond .,attergren __Van Hook . 1492A G. T. Gullickson Van Hook 13

Nelson CountyNone

Oliver County41 Fred C. Keck Washburn 231.62

Pembina County127A Walter Welford __Cavalier _ 5 _____ --

Pierce CountyNone

Ramsey CountyNone




Ransom CountyIC Forest Service Enderlin 26 26

Renville CountyInformation Not Available

Richland CountyNone

Rolette CountyNone

Sargent CountyNone

Sheridan CountyInformation Not Available

Sioux County187 McGregor Gardens McIntosh, S. D. 18 18 1,166.23 292.40179 Knoke Gardens- Morristown, S. D. 18 18 1,022.35 1,022.35190 McCormick (Nehl) Watauga, S. D. 12 5 972.89194 Steiner Gar. (Palmer) Morristown. S. D. 15 1,088.90 893.65178 Jahnel Garden Thunder Hawk 15 14 180.32211 Halverson Garden —McIntosh, S. D. 10 12 900.00 626.87220 Westphal Garden Morristown, S. D. 18 18 900.05 900.05161 Harry W. Long Solen 12 13 605.032A Swift Elk ) Ft. Yates 10 102B Porcupine ) Shields 13 132C Big Lake ) Indian Cannonball _.._ 8 82D Fairview ) Gardens Ft. Yates 16 162E Cannon Ball ) Cannonball 8 82F Riverside ) Ft. Yates 6 6

76A Gottfried LaBrensz Ft. Yates 177A John Wolf Ft. Yates 178A Geo. Walker, Sr. Selfridge ._ _ 179A Geo. Walker, Jr. Selfridge 1 ..80A Mike Froelich Self ridge 1182 Cedar River Mutual

Aid No. 182 192.93183 Cedar River Mutual

Aid No. 183 92.51210 Cedar River Mutual

Aid No. 210 __ 15 906.71 605.20

Slope County9 W. T. Krebsbach _ _Reeder 50 60 366.95 116.95

128A John Maixneo Buffalo Springs 1129A C. I. Ware Amidon 1

Stark County3 Bob Gilliam _Dickinson 5 27.69 27.69

146 B. 0. Thorkelson Dickinson 8 20 712.55 40.0018A F. W. Braun Dickinson 5 5 —_24A Max Bloom Taylor 6 6

73 Harry Semerad Dickinson 11.45 11.45

Steele CountyNone

Stutsman County153 State Hospital Jamestown 50 30 287.22 286.32

Towner CountyNone




Traill County53A Ole L. Olson Buxton 35 3527A Jens Letnes _Hillsboro 35 35

Walsh County165 State School Grafton 5 347.05 347.05

135A J. C. Kenney Park River _ 20217 Park River Project Grafton Water Supply 407.56 467:5e

Ward County1C Burlington Project __Burlington ______ _ 435 435 180.99 180.99

130A George Johnson ___Burlington 80 80131A Harvey Johnson Burlington 100 100

40 M. D. Graham Burlington 200 100 11.47 11.4736A Oscar Hedstrand Logan 12 8037A Harry O'Brien Burlington 25 2538A Jim Fisher Burlington 15 1582A Albert Lowe Minot 12

134A John Kassens Berthold 2 2221 Burlington Dam Burlington 4,330.52 4,330.52

Wells CountyNone

Williams County69 John Mercer _Buford 9 5 263.32 - 120.0090 J. G. Houston Buford 8 8 4.56 4.56

57A Ernest Vick __Ray 40 40 ______ ____102A Frank Rogers Buford 315A Ivan Metzger Williston 35 3543A Floyd Phleg Williston 5 5197 Pearl Van Allen Williston 5 5 208.94 41.781J WPA Garden Williston 100 110

97A Orville Davidson Tioga 10118 Richard C. Ike Williston 8 2 466.55 125.60-205 Stephen Westdal _Williston 20 20 160.85 112.57

103A 0. A. Bjella Epping 5 ------59A T. A. Stenehjem _Williston 40

5 R. L. Williamson Buford 376.53 10.0030 Arthur Hartosh Ray 5.2762 C. E. Stewart -liar 485.28 186.5580 T. A. Stenehjem ________Williston 180.00 90.00

104 Bruno Upmeyer Williston 280.17 50.00141 Joseph Hackenburg __Williston 322.44 193.00152 Leona F. Myrhow __Williston _ 12.48 __147 Clifford Hanson Buford 8.44222 Buford-Trenton Proj Buford Under Const. 1,823.08120 C. H. Parker _Minot 19.47 19.47


Topping onions in the Adolph Sprenger 13-acre irrigated garden nearElgin, North Dakota. Over 400 bushels per acre raised with four

irrigations.

A 350 bushels per acre crop of onions raised in Metzper's Oasisgardens. Thirty-five acres of garden crops, fruit and flowers are

raised. Irrigated from spring fed pools.


- BONDS

The Water Conservation Act of 1939 authorized the Commission toguarantee or insure the payment of a part of the principal of any seriesof Water Conservation Commission Revenue Bonds in order to sell ormarket such bonds, such guarantee to be an amount not to exceed twentyper cent of the par value of the bonds. The aggregate amount of theguarantee fund for the biennium ending June 30, 1941, is not to exceedfifty thousands dollars. The bond guarantee fund to be placed under atrust indenture by and between the Commission and a corporate trustee.The Bank of North Dakota has recently been named as trustee for thevarious issues of Commission Revenue Bonds.

The guarantee feature of the Commission Revenue Bonds has in-creased their marketability and a few inquiries are being received as toavailable bonds for purchase. Most purchasers desire to obtain bonds ona finished project as they can then see exactly what they are investing in.It is necessary to prepare complete plans and specifications for a pro-posed project for submission with the application offering bonds for sale.The prospective bond purchaser can then appraise the project, and investi-gate the success of operating projects in the area.

The Commission does not have funds to finance a project through tocompletion before receiving the revenue from bonds. Before constructioncan start on a project, revenue from bonds must be received or a loan ob-tained subsequent to the issuance of bonds.

The North Dakota Rural Rehabilitation Corporation purchased thefirst bonds of the Commission in 1938, a time when the new program ofthe Commission was at a crucial stage. This initial aid to the Commis-sion enabled its program 'of water conservation to proceed successfullyand without delay. At the time the Corporation purchased the first bonds,they were not supported by a guarantee fund, and it was impossible to sellthem to any other agency.

The following tabulation shows the amount of bonds issued or author-ized for various projects, the guarantee fund hypothecated, and the pur-chaser or holder:


z cl) ri) g C1) g 4) 0 C)2 P4 2 g 2 g 2 0 0 L)

+2

'11 74 o.13 '74 L1 '“d 73' A A$. 0 0 s. 0 s. 0 F. 0 wP. rz P2, q qg kg 1.41:4 g0 0 0 0 0 4 4 g

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4 4 4 4 z zas .52 .° ° °+0; 11"

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0 +,° F8

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16 01 IS tO : ce o o )6Pi '4 04 0

04 04 C.,t 1 7-4 10 t- toa,")O 69- 9:4-

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a Cd g R .-:1 t <440) 0 co cu ..,. a) ›. * *

,-1 I-4 C., 02 I-1 a-4 Pri P•1 W


PROPOSED LARGE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENTS

Project

Source of Water Acres

Lower Yellowstone Addition Yellowstone River 6,000Sidney Pumping Si Si

2,000Cartwright ii if 840Buford Trenton Missouri River 13,400

(Under construction)Williston 16 di

8,600Birdhead CS CS

2,900ifNesson 14,580

Seneschal if 1,820

Goodall 46 3,800

Shell Creek 4 4 Si 4,830

,,Independence 4,130Fort Berthold 66 64

8,850Old Agency if if

9,130

SS 66Fort Stevenson 6,830Mannhaven ,, 1,550Hancock 66 di

5,030Stanton it 66

3,450Fort Clark 46 di

2,750Oliver-Sanger ii

6,880Painted Woods ii ii

3,670

CS diManley 2,160

fi idWogansport 2,400Square Butte SS

2,750Burnt Creek Si fi

1,940Bismarck ,, it

4,880(Partially approved)

Little Heart ii fi 3,930

Glencoe-Stout ii 4,010

Long Lake-Kyes it 2,100

Horsehead " if 17,600

Winona ii if 5,940

Fort Yates ii ii 7,650Heart Valley H eart River 15,000Knife Valley Knife River 16,000Cannonball and Cedar Valleys Cannonball River 18,000Souris Valley Souris River 30,000Little Missouri Valley Little Missouri River 24,000 .Grand Valley Brand River 5,000Oakes Area Wells 3,000

f 1Tappen Area 1,000CSNapoleon Area 1,000

Towner Area 2,000Turtle Lake Area '' 1,000

Total 282,400Potential acreage along miscellaneous streams 17,600

Total Potential Acreage 300,000


Irrigated alfalfa is becoming established on new irrigation projects.

ACTIVITIES OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF RECLAMATIONIN NORTH DAKOTA

During 1939 and 1940, the Bureau of Reclamation has been carryingon extensive investigations of the irrigation possibilities in North Dakota.The State Water Conservation Commission has actively cooperated withthe Bureau by furnishing office quarters in the State Capitol building,blueprinting costs and all information gathered by the Commissionrelating to irrigation development in the State.

Bureau surveys have been made on 27 projects along the main stemof the Missouri River from the Montana State line to the South DakotaState line, comprising a total of 144,000 acres of irrigable land.

Reconnaissance of irrigable acres on the tributaries of the Missouriin North Dakota have shown acreages as follows:

Knife River-16,000Heart River-15,000Cannonball-26,000Grand River—incomplete

Projects on the Knife and Heart rivers appeared to have sufficientmerit to justify further study and detailed investigations have beenmade of them in the field but reports have not yet been completed.

As a part of a study being made of irrigation possibilities utilizingthe power and storage facilities created by Fort Peck Dam, one projectis being studied which includes over 1,000,000 irrigable acres in thevicinity of Crosby and Mohall, North Dakota. These surveys also includeplans for furnishing water to restore the former level of Devils Lake,municipal supplies for the Sheyenne and James rivers and all purposes


contemplated in the Missouri River diversion plan which has so longbeen considered by the people of North Dakota.

Reports on all these investigations by the Bureau in North Dakotawill be released for the information of the state as soon as completed.

During the two-year period a total of approximately $100,000 hasbeen expended on the above investigations.


IRRIGATION WATER ANALYSES FOR NORTH DAKOTA

Over 200 analyses of streams, wells and lakes have been taken in thelast four years. From these, a fairly accurate chart has been preparedshowing the suitable and unsuitable irrigation water in the state. To runthese chemical analyses, an agreement was made between the StateHealth Laboratory at Bismarck, North Dakota, and the Commission,whereby the Laboratory would make free analyses according to Bureauof Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering standards on samples sub-mitted. Before any irrigation development was undertaken in doubtfulareas of the State, chemical analysis of the water was taken to determineits suitability for use on plants.

The above procedure was made necessary as an educational featurebecause many farmers and gardeners had suffered substantial loss bybuying pumping equipment and preparing land for irrigation, then findingthe water would kill their crops and render their land unproductive.Harmful water areas were located and avoided. Field methods ofrecognizing these harmful areas were developed and publicized. AnAgricultural Extension Service leaflet was prepared, listing indicationsof harmful soil and irrigation water. Special forms were prepared forshowing the chemical analysis in such a way that the quality of watercould be readily determined by the farmer. Where water containedintermediate amounts of harmful salts, the user was cautioned to usethe water sparingly, to counteract harmful effects by heavy applicationsof manure, and to furnish drainage on heavy soils.

A 350 gallons per minute spring fills these pools for irrigation, recrea-tion, game and fish. Metzger Oasis gardens, 13 miles northeast of

Williston, N. D.


The studies made showed that no large area in the state could besure it had suitable irrigation water. In some localities it was foundthat the 20-ft. well was good but in the same place water at a 40-ft. depthbelow a clay layer was extremely salty. The studies further showed thatwater coming from lignite coal veins, salty watersheds or artesian wells,was nearly always unsuitable. On the other hand, water from the largestreams and shallow wells was generally quite free of salts. Streamsthat were good during flood stage often contained large amounts ofalkali when low or stagnant.

Water containing more than 350 P. P. M. (parts per million) SodiumBicarbonate (baking soda), 550 P. P. M., Sodium Chloride, or 700 P. P. M.Sodium Sulfate, is not considered suitable for irrigation purposes by theBureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering. Under ordinaryconditions, total sodium salts should not exceed 700 P. P. M.

The map paints a darker picture than actually exists for unsuitablewater because samples were taken only in areas where there was doubt.All of these studies show that much is yet to be done on soil and watertesting to avoid serious irrigation failures.

Extensive tests have been made over the State showing wateranalyses, location of wells and streams, and suitability for irrigation.These records are on file in the office of the North Dakota State WaterConservation Commission at Bismarck, North Dakota, and are availableto the public.

UNDERGROUND WATERS IN NORTH DAKOTA

Status of Well Irrigation Developments

The extent of underground waters in the State for irrigation andother uses is indefinite. For a number of years water from wells hasbeen used for garden and other small-scale irrigation. A number ofunderground reservoirs are known to exist at various locations as shownon the large map accompanying this biennial report. The extent of thewater supplies at these several locations are not definitely known.Extensive explorations and pump testing of the favorable areas areneeded to determine the extent of the underground supply.

As a rule shallow underground waters in gravel formations aresupplied directly from snow water and rainfall.

The following is a description of ground water areas in connectionwith which the North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission hasmade preliminary investigation with a view to the development of small-scale irrigation tracts.

The most promising of these areas is in the vicinity of Oakes,North Dakota. The U. S. Forest Service now has about 60 acres underirrigation in this area. The groundwater elevation is being maintainedunder the present conditions of pumping for this irrigaton development.


One of the largest underground water areas in the State is in thevicinity of Towner, in McHenry County. The U. S. Forest Service main-tains a forest nursery just north of Towner, where about 40 acres areirrigated from two wells. In addition to this area north of Towner,favorable indications for ground water developments exist in the vicinityof Upham and Denbigh.

An underground water area of importance is located northwest ofTurtle Lake in McLean County. The water bearing formation consistsof a considerable thickness of coarse gravel. A modern irrigation wellwas put down on the Maxwell farm in this area by the State WaterConservation Commission in 1937. This well has been successfully used.

At the town of Tappen and vicinity in Kidder County, surfaceindications point to the possibility of developing a number of tracts bywell irrigation.

A large number of garden tracts are being irrigated at Napoleonin Logan County and at Wishek in McIntosh County. It is probable thatmore extensive well irrigation can be developed in this region. A reportof the State Geological Survey shows a large water-bearing formation inthe vicinity of Lignite in Burke County.

Before further well irrigation developments are undertaken, additionalinvestigations of the underground water supplies for the various locationsare necessary. This should be done in cooperation with the U. S.Geological Survey.

NEW DAMS CONSTRUCTEDThe Burlington dam located on the Mouse (Souris) River, near

Burlington, Ward County, in Section 36, T. 156 N., R. 84 W., is of therubble masonry type, built with flashboard regulating control, and wasconstructed for providing storage water to irrigate the upper meadowson the Burlington Mutual Aid Project.

The State Water Conservation Commission, the sponsor of theproject, has done the engineering work, including the designing andpreparing of plans. The Work Projects Administration has furnished thelabor and part of the material. The North Dakota Rural RehabilitationCorporation is cooperating in the purchase of materials -and supplies,also on supervising the construction work.

Construction work on the dam commenced in. February, 1940. Delayswere caused several times by the releasing of water from Lake Darlingto take care of the needs for irrigation and bird refuges on the lowerMouse River. Delay was experienced in securing an extension of WPAtime limit. It is anticipated that the project will be completed beforeMarch, 1941.

In Sioux County, seven dams were constructed on the Cedar Riverto provide an adequate supply of water storage during low summer flowsin connection with the irrigation development of the Cedar River Com-munity Garden Projects.


The dams were designed by the State Water Conservation Corn:mission and were constructed under its supervision. They were constructedas a WPA project with the State Water Conservation Commission assponsor. The Work Projects Administration and the State Water Con-servation Commission cooperated in the construction of the project andin the furnishing of material and supplies. All labor was furnished bythe Work Projects Administration.

These low dams are of the rock fill type and were constructed atthe upper end of rock riffles. All rock and clay were readily foundavailable in the surrounding districts. It was necessary to purchase onlythe timber for the cutoff walls and the woven wire used in binding thehand placed rock fill in place.

Construction features were governed largely by conditions found ateach dam site, and by the profile and cross-section of the stream bed.Varying quantities of material for each dam were required. The heightof the dams were variable also, averaging between three and four feet.Plans called for placing the rock by hand in the stream bed and forriprapping the slopes.

This type of construction has proved permanent and economical,especially when the WPA furnishes the labor and hauling. Only a smallamount of money was necessary for purchasing lumber and wire. Somemaintenance work may be required after the spring breakup and highflood water, when scouring and washing may remove the riprappingand damage the main section.

MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING DAMS

During the biennium, the North Dakota State Water ConservationCommission has been cooperating with the Work Projects Administra-tion on the maintenance of existing dams. The work is being done undera statewide WPA project, which was approved in March, 1940.

In 1933 and the years following, a number of small dams were con-structed by the CCC, the FE.RA and other agencies. These are of com-munity value, providing boating, swimming, fishing and wildlife conser-vation as well as water storage for towns, railroads, irrigation and live-stock. The original investment in the dams with which we are concernedaverages perhaps $8,000 per dam, which without maintenance may be lost.

Under this cooperative program, the North Dakota Water Conserva-tion Commission acts as sponsor. The Commission has limited its ex-penditure for each repair job to $300, which amount can be used for in-vestigation, engineering, materials and supplies. The labor required andsome funds for materials and supplies are furnished by the Work Proj-ects Administration. Many difficulties arise in connection with meetingthe requirements of the program and these preliminary arrangements arevery largely taken care of by the State Water Conservation Commissionas sponsor. It is often required that funds, other than those furnished bythe Commission and the WPA are necessary. The State Game and Fish


Commission has been cooperating by contributing to several projects.Local organizations have been active in promoting and contributing fundswhere reconstruction costs were exceeding the sponsor's contribution andWPA funds.

In order to meet the requirements of the Work Projects Administra-tion covering the repair of dams, the land for the site of the dam andreservoir must be owned by the state, county or other governmental sub-division. It is also necessary that there be permanent easements forrights-of-way giving access to such property.

Following is a list of repair projects showing progress made andamount of work accomplished. In addition to the dams which have beenrepaired under this program, there are a number on which the field in-vestigations and engineering work only have been completed.

Project No. 224

Odessa Dam, located one mile southwest of Odessa, in Section 5,Township 133 North, Range 90 West, on the Cannonball River in GrantCounty.

Repair job on old concrete dam, built by the Northern Pacific Rail-road and abandoned several years ago. Repair work consisted of closingsluice opening, installing flashboards and placing riprap below structure.This work was planned and supervised by the North Dakota State WaterConservation Commission, also furnishing supplies and materials, coop-erating with the Work Projects Administration in charge of constructionwork.

Work on the project started on November 6, 1939, and was completedon November 15, 1939.

This project provides an additional supplemental supply of storagewater for use in irrigating the community gardens on Project No. 191.

Project No. 240

Warwick Dam, located 3% miles south of Warwick, in Section 15,Township 150 North, Range 63 West, on the Sheyenne River.

Work consists of repairs to cutoff wall, the main overflow sectionbeing undermined. Investigations, engineering and supervision by NorthDakota State Water Conservation Commission, the sponsor, with all laborbeing furnished by Work Projects Administration.

Contributing to purchase of supplies and truck hire were the fol-lowing:

North Dakota State Game and Fish Department.Ramsey County Wildlife Federation.New Rockford Wildlife Association.Eddy County (Cement).Benson County.Cash collected by C. L. Reeves, Warwick.


Repair work was started on October 21, 1940, by the Work ProjectsAdministration and has continued throughout November and Decemberwith good progress being made. Under present plans this job will becompleted before the spring high water flow commences.

Project No. 241

Dodge Dam, located in Stutsman County, west of Vashti, Section 24,Township 143 North, Range 67 West, in Dodge Coulee.

Work consisted of repairing the spillway structure, engineering andsupervision by North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission,sponsor. Labor furnished and repairing done by the Work Projects Ad-ministration, which commenced work in December, 1940. Contributing topurchase of supplies and materials were the North Dakota State WaterConservation Commission and North Dakota State Game and Fish Depart-ment. Work Projects Administration commenced repair work duringDecember.

Present plans call for completion of the project during the early partof 1941

Project No. 242Jund Dam, located in McIntosh County, east of Zeeland, Section 19,

Township 129 North, Range 72 West.

Repairing spillway structure, engineering and investigations underdirection of North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission. Re-construction labor and work performed by the Work Projects Administra-tion. Temporary repairs to spillway were commenced on May 3, 1940.Only temporary repairs were made.

Project No. 243

Tioga Dam, located in Mountrail County east of Tioga, Section 30,Township 157 North, Range 94 West.

Investigations were made by the Engineering Department of theNorth Dakota State Water Conservation Commission. It found that thepresent spillway was practically washed away, requiring the constructionof a new structure. The citizens of Tioga, who have been cooperating inpromoting this project, to date, have been unable to give any financial aid.The State Water Conservation Commission has limited its expendituresfor each project to $300.00. This amount is insufficient to cover costs of 'materials and supplies which will be necessary before the Work ProjectsAdministration will commence work.

Project No. 245

Soland Dam, located in Mercer County, southeast of Hazen, Section32, Township 144 North, Range 86 West.

Work consists of reconstruction of old spillway with a reinforced con-crete structure. The North Dakota State Water Conservation Commis-


sion has been active in contributing engineering services and fundsamounting to $300.00 in cooperating with the Work Projects Administra-tion, which has assumed charge of rebuilding this structure, furnishinglabor and a large portion of the materials and supplies. Commencingwork on July 18, 1940, making good progress and expecting to completethe job in 1941.

Project No. 246

Antelope Creek Dam, located in Mercer County, northwest of Hazen,Section 3, Township 144 North, Range 87 West.

North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission, the sponsor,and cooperating with Work Projects Administration in furnishingmaterial for completing work on new reinforced concrete spillway struc-ture, work was completed during July, 1940.

Project No. 247

Located in Steele County, southwest of Finley, Section 8, Township146 North, Range 56 West.

Work covers repairs to spillway and dam, investigations, engineer-ing and supervision by the North Dakota State Water Conservation Com-mission, acting as sponsor, and aiding in purchase of materials and sup-plies, and the Work Projects Administration, furnishing labor and incharge of repairs. Work was commenced September 24, 1940 and will becompleted during 1941.

Project No. 249

Mott Dam, located in Mott, on the North Fork of the CannonballRiver, Section 2, Township 133 North, Range 93 West.

The dam was built by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company and isused jointly by the railroad company and the City of Mott for operatingand recreational purposes. Considerable repairs are necessary to protectthe present concrete structure from disintegrating and wearing away.Present plans call for construction of a reinforced concrete protectioncovering the dam. The North Dakota Water Conservation Commission,acting as sponsor, is cooperating with the City of Mott, the NorthernPacific Railroad Company, and the Work Projects Administration. Planshave been prepared by the Commission and railroad company, work tocommence in 1941.

Project No. 250

Paulson Dam, located in Mountrail County, about 5 miles southwestof Plaza, Section 13, Township 152 North, Range 89 West.

Work consists of repairs to concrete rubble masonry spillway, NorthDakota State Water Conservation Commission acting as sponsor, contrib-uting engineering, supervision, materials and supplies, and the Work


Projects Administration furnishing labor. This repair job has been prac-tically completed, with the exception of some concrete grouting. TheW.P.A. plans on finishing the project after the 1941 spring thaws.

Project No. 252

Fertile Dam, located in Mountrail County, about 3 1k miles south ofParshall, Section 14, Township 151 North, Range 90 West.

Proposed work calls for repairs and construction of a new spillway.Investigations have been made by the North Dakota State Water Conser-vation Commission. Extra funds will have to be made available fromother sources to match the amount the Commission contributes for sup-plies and materials necessary to build a new spillway and before the WorkProjects Administration can proceed with the work. The citizens of Par-shall and vicinity have petitioned the Water Commission for sponsoringthis work, promising to contribute their share of funds for materials,furnishing trucks and teams.

Project No. 253

Jackson Dam, located in McKenzie County, east of Cartwright, onCharbonneau Creek, Section 25, Township 151 North, Range 103 West.

Proposed work consists of constructing a new, reinforced concretespillway to protect the present dam and prevent a new channel beingformed by erosion. Project to be sponsored by the North Dakota StateWater Conservation Commission.

The present artificial lake is used for recreational purposes by thepeople living in Charbonneau, Cartwright, Alexander and surroundingfarming communities. It is likely some contributions may be collectedlocally to match North Dakota Water Conservation Commission fundsthat are available under our present program.

Following statement shows expenditures on repairs and maintenanceof existing dams as of November 30, 1940:

Summary Showin g Present Status

Expenditures

Number ofProjects

Present Status By W.P.A. Water Conser-and Others vation Comm.

3 Dams5 it

5

1 Dam

Repairs Completed $ 4,788.08 $ 357.39Work Underway 11,555.86 361.05Projects Pending 208.40Abandoned 5.73Miscellaneous Costs 16.50

14 Dams Totals $ 16,343.94 $ 949.07


Summary of Expenditures by Projects

Expenditures to NQV. 30, 1940

Project

Name and Location By W.P.A. Water Conser-

Number and Others vation Comm.

217 Park River Dam, at Park River,Walsh County $ 152.01

224 Odessa, Northern Pacific Dam $ 124.44 321.41Irrigation Project No. 191 Supplies only

231 Johnson Dam, South of WatfordCity, McKenzie County 5.78

240 Warwick Dam, South of Warwick,Eddy County 2,802.00 138.43

241 Dodge Dam, West of Vashti, Stuts-man County 24.00

242 Jund Dam, N. E. of Zeeland, McIn-tosh County 2,979.74 27.17

243 Tioga Dam, East of Tioga, WilliamsCounty 19.15

245 Soland Dam, South of Hazen, Mer-cer County 8,550.00 129.27

246 Antelope Creek Darn' Northwest of

Hazen, Mercer County 1,683.90 8.81247 Finley Darn, South of Finley, Steele

County 203.86 33.10249 Mott Dam at Mott, Hettinger County 37.24250 Paulson Dam, Southwest of Plaza,

Mountrail County 36.25252 Fertile Dam, South of Parshall,

Mountrail County (Under considera-tion)

253 Jackson Dam, Northwest of Char-bonneau, McKenzie County (Underconsideration) Miscellaneous Costs on All Projects _ 16.50

Total $16,343.94 $ 949.07

APPROVAL OF LARGE AAA DAMS

According to Section 9, Chapter 256, Session Laws 1939, "no damexceeding ten feet in maximum height, or capable of impounding morethan thirty acre feet of water, shall be constructed in the State, eitherin a water course or elsewhere, without prior written approval of theCommission."

Occasionally dams to be constructed under the agricultural conserva-tion program involves the construction, by a farmer, of a dam 10 feet ormore in maximum height. The construction of dams of this size iscarefully considered by the engineering department of the state AAAoffice. Most of these dams are for stock watering purposes.

After the State AAA office has approved the proposed dams, theAgricultural Conservation Association in the county where the dam isto be built, submits to the Commission the necessary estimates, specifica-


tions and pertinent data with a request for approval of the dam. Fifteendams have been approved in five different counties as follows:

Grant 1 Mountrail 4McIntosh 1 Slope 3Morton 6

No dams have been disapproved after sufficient data was securedexplaining them. We have not found it necessary to make special in-spection, but usually work the inspection in along with other duties in thecounty.

RED RIVER BASIN WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS

Of special interest has been the changing conditions of flood an,'.drought in the Red River Valley. During the early history of this region,its people were confronted with the problems of flood-control and drain-age. Less than a quarter of a century ago, they were concerned with thematter of controlling devastating floods. A long wet cycle in whichseveral floods occurred, ended with the year 1921 and was followed by10 years of moderate precipitation. In these years of above-normal andnormal water supplies in the Red River watershed, extensive drainagework was undertaken and investigations and studies were made for thesolution of flood-control problems. During the past 10 years, severedrought conditions have prevailed in the Red River Basin and the fol-lowing discussions are more particularly with respect to activities andaccomplishments in connection with investigations, studies, project andbasin planning and project construction which have been undertakenduring this drought period with a view to obtaining an adequate and adependable water supply for the needs of the basin.

The critical drought situation in the Red River Basin, amounting inrecent years to an emergency, is being attacked in a vigorous mannerby interstate and federal cooperation. While this emergency has existedfor a period of about 10 years, it has been only a little over five yearssince the Interstate Committee, representing the states of Minnesota,South Dakota and North Dakota, was formed and the first definite actionwas taken to remedy the situation. The water shortage then long drawnout from year to year, seriously threatened the economic life of the RedRiver Valley, one of the greatest and most fertile agricultural areas inthe world. Since that time the Interstate Committee under the technicaldirection of consultants for the National Resources Committee prepareda unified Water Plan for the Red River Basin. The three states haveimplemented the plan by an interstate compact which provides for thecreation of the Tri-State Waters Commission to represent the threestates in the development and operation of the Water Plan. Since itsestablishment in 1937, the Tri-State Waters Commission has done mosteffective work in advancing the status of the Red River program. Areport of its activities and accomplishments has just been made by theTri-State Waters Commission.


In July, 1937, the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, made areport on the Water Plan proposed in the report of the Interstate Com-mittee on the Red River of the North Drainage Basin. These studiesand a report thereon were made at the request of the Works ProgressAdministration and were made specifically for that federal agency witha view to indicating the merit of the entire plan and the feasibility, cost,relative priority and suitability for WPA construction of the individualprojects in the plan.

The following are major projects considered by the Interstate Com-mittee as essential to the successful operation of the RecommendedWater Plan for the Red River Basin:

1. Four dams in the Ottertail Basin.2. Ottertail-Red River Low Water Channel Improvement.3. Red Lake River Project.4. Baldhill Dam, Sheyenne River.5. Sheyenne-Wild Rice Low Water Diversion.6. Sheyenne River Low Water Channel Improvement.7. Lake Traverse—Bois de Sioux River Project.8. Small dams in Minnesota (43 in number).9. Small dams in North Dakota (54 in number).

10. Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Projects (72 in number).11. Municipal Water Supply and Water Treatment Projects (large

number ) .12. Tongue River Project.13. Park River Levee Project.14. General Channel Improvement Project.15. Walhalla Dam, Pembina River.16. Steele County Reservoir, Goose River.

Since 1937, the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, has been makinginvestigations, surveys and reports for the stream basins of a number ofRed River tributaries in North Dakota. These investigations includethose for the Pembina River and its tributaries, for the Park River andits tributaries, for the Forest River and its tributaries, for the GooseRiver and its tributaries and for the Sheyenne River and its tributaries.The Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army is authorized to review previousreports on the Red River of the North. Investigations of the water-sheds of these Red River tributaries are being made by the Departmentof Agriculture with a view to prosecuting measures for run-off andwater-flow retardation and soil-erosion prevention. In the followingstatements, further information is given with respect to these streambasin studies. The discussions also include the Lake Traverse-Bois deSioux Project. A more detailed discussion is made for this projectbecause of its advanced status and because of it being an outstandingexample of what can be done by interstate and federal cooperation.


a

Pembina River Survey

The Flood Control Act of June 22, 1936, amended by the Acts ofAugust 28, 1937, and June 28, 1938, authorized the Secretary of War andthe Secretary of Agriculture to make preliminary examinations for floodcontrol of the Pembina River together with all its tributaries, includingthe Tongue River. The preliminary examinations indicated justificationfor a more detailed investigation, survey and report, which was under-taken. The major projects being investigated in this watershed are theWalhalla Dam on the Pembina River and the Tongue River Project on theTongue River. A public hearing was held at Cavalier, North Dakota,on October 12, 1938, at which testimony showing extensive benefits fromthe project was submitted by local interests and by the North DakotaWater Conservation Commission. All field work in connection with thispurvey has been completed and office studies are nearing completion.The report is scheduled for submission to the Division Engineer on Feb-ruary, 1, 1941.

Park River Survey

A RESOLUTION of the Committee on Commerce of the UnitedStates Senate, adopted December 1, 1938, authorized the Board of Engi-neers for Rivers and Harbors to review the reports on the Red River of theNorth with a view to determining if the recommendation therein submittedshould be modified to provide for flood control works on the Park River.A public hearing was held by the District 'Engineer of the War Depart-ment in Grafton, North Dakota, on March 1, 1939. At this Hearingtestimony was submitted by local citizens and by the State Water Con-servation Commission, showing extensive benefits from proposed im-provements of the Park River. Included in these proposed improvementsare flood levees east of the town of Park River and a dam and reservoirjust west of the town of Park River, the main purpose of this dam andreservoir being for municipal water supplies for the cities of Park Riverand Grafton.

A cross-sectional survey of the stream channel from the mouthto the vicinity of the town of Park River has been completed as has alsoa flood damage survey of the basin. Office studies are in progress withthe report scheduled for submission July 1, 1941.

Forest River Survey

The Forest River investigation, survey and report was also authorizedby the resolution providing for the Park River studies. In connectionwith the investigation, a Public Hearing was held at Minto, NorthDakota, on April 26, 1939, at which local interests and the State WaterConservation Commission presented facts and data relative to floodson the Forest River. A cross-sectional survey of the stream channelfrom the mouth to the vicinity of Fordville has been completed as hasalso a flood damage survey of the basin. It is not believed that extensiveoffice studies in connection with this report can be started before the


spring of 1941. The scheduled date for submission of the report is May1, 1941.

Goose River Survey

Section 6 of the Flood Control Act approved August 11, 1939,authorized a preliminary examination and survey for flood control ofthe Goose River and its tributaries. In this connection, a public hearingwas held by the District Engineer, November 3, 1939, at Hillsboro, NorthDakota. A written brief was submitted at this Hearing by the StateWater Conservation Commission and the State Engineer. Views inregard to occurrence of floods and their control were expressed by localinterests. It was shown that extensive benefits would accrue from theconstruction of multi-purpose projects having the primary object offlood control.

A cross-sectional survey of this stream from the mouth of the Steele-Traill County line has been completed. It is contemplated to make aflood damage survey of the basin early next spring and to begin officestudies sometime next summer. The scheduled date for the submissionof this report is October 1, 1941.

Sheyenne River Survey

The Sheyenne River investigation, survey and report was authorizedby a resolution of the Committee on Commerce of the United StatesSenate, adopted September 1, 1938, the same being with reference tothe Red River of the North Report and its modification to provide forflood control works on the Sheyenne River. A public hearing was heldby the District Engineer of the War Department at Fargo, North Dakota,on January 25, 1939, at which full expression of views was made by allparties interested. A written statement was submitted by the ChiefEngineer of the State Water Conservation Commission. The testimonysubmitted was with special reference to the occurrence of floods ofdamaging magnitude and the construction of multi-purpose projects onthe Sheyenne River for the control of floods and for other purposes. Arestudy is being made of the Baldhill Dam project.

An alignment and cross-sectional survey of the stream channel fromthe mouth of the Baldhill Dam site has been completed as has also aflood damage survey of the basin. Office studies in connection withthis report cannot be started until next spring. The present scheduleddate for the submission of the report is March 1, 1941.

Red River of the North Review ReportA resolution by the Committee on Commerce of the United States

Senate, adopted September 1, 1938, authorizes the Board of Engineersfor Rivers and Harbors, to review the reports on the Red River of theNorth, submitted in House Document No. 67, 56th Congress, 1st Session.Investigations under this authorization as above indicated are beingmade for the Park River, Forest River and Sheyenne River sub-basinsonly.


Ottertail Basin Survey

An investigation, survey and report by the War Department isdesired for the Ottertail Basin. Because of the private interests involvedin the use of water in this sub-basin, difficulties are being experiencedin obtaining congressional authorization.

Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Project

Lake Traverse is located on the boundary between the states ofMinnesota and South Dakota, the north end of an extension to the lakereaching within one mile of the North Dakota border. The main lakelies in a narrow valley and extends in a northeasterly direction fromthe town of Browns Valley in Minnesota, a distance of 20 miles, to apoint about four miles south of the town of White Rock in South Dakota.It varies from about one-half mile to one and one-half miles in width.The Bois de Sioux River is the outlet stream for Lake Traverse. It flowsfrom the lower end of Lake Traverse between the state of Minnesota andthe states of South Dakota and North Dakota to Wahpeton, North Dakota,and Breckenridge, Minnesota, where it joins the Ottertail River to formthe Red River of the North.

The Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Project was first conceived aboutfifty years ago when it was proposed that a dam be constructed at thenorth end of Lake Traverse. During the many years of pioneeringeffort in the promotion of the project, a number of forward movementsfor advancing the status of the project were inaugurated. Of particularsignificance were the activities following the disastrous Red River Valleyfloods of 1897 and 1916.

The project is of special benefit to the States of Minnesota, SouthDakota and North Dakota. From the time of its conception, the needfor interstate cooperation has been recognized. In 1900, the Tri-StateDrainage Association was formed. In 1916, the attention of the U. S.Department of Agriculture was called to the need of flood-control in theRed River Valley. With the cooperation of the states and countiesespecially interested in the project, extensive investigations and surveyswere undertaken by the Division of Drainage of the Department ofAgriculture. In 1922, a report on these investigations, known as theSimons and King report, was published in which it was recommendedthat flood-control and water conservation works be constructed. TheLake Traverse-Bois de Sioux project was included in these investigations,the cost of the same being estimated at $1,500,000. The Simons and Kingreport has been extensively used as a basis for later water supply studiesin the Red River Basin.

With the inauguration of the President's Public Works Program in1933, the Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Drainage and ConservationProject Committee of Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota wasformed. A number of meetings were held by this organization duringthat same year at which much interest in the project was shown.

)U INNING OF PROJECT

I

t

LAIN naVIRSIL • IOU 01 SIOUX atVelk

PLAN


The Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux flood control and waterconservation project.


The project was included in the 1936 Flood Control Act without theusual preliminary examination or survey by the War Department. Theestimated cost of $1,474,000, as contained in the project item was basedon data in the Simons and King report.

In the meantime, the Interstate Committee, representing the statesof Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota was organized. The workof this Committee in formulating a coordinated water plan for the RedRiver Basin was carried on under the technical direction of consultantsfor the National Resources Committee. Special studies for the watersupply problems of the Red River Basin were made about this same timeby the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. These studies included the LakeTraverse-Bois de Sioux project. They were made at the request ofthe Works Progress Administration for a report on the Water Planby the Interstate Committee and were not to be considered as a regularinvestigation, survey and report made by the War Department atthe request of Congress. In the Recommended Plan as formulated bythe Interstate Committee, the Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux project wasconsidered as one of the major projects and as essential to the operationof the Plan.

It was represented to the three interested states by the NationalResources Committee that in the long-time planning program for theRed River Valley, it would be necessary to form a Board or Commissionwith power to act on interstate problems. Accordingly, in 1937, theTri-State Waters Commission was created by the states of Minnesota,South Dakota and North Dakota. The compact entered into by the threestates was approved by Congress in 1938. This arrangement was con-sidered a necessary pre-requisite to further advancing the status of theLake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Project.

In 1938, the House and Senate of the United States passed the FloodControl Act for that year. This Act contained provisions of great im-portance affecting the states of Minnesota, South Dakota and NorthDakota. The Act provides that, in the case of any dam and reservoirproject, or channel improvement or channel rectification project author-ized for flood control, title to all lands, easements and rights-of-wayshall be acquired by the United States and the Federal Government shalloperate and maintain the project. The Lake Traverse-Bois de SiouxProject came within this provision of the Act. Previous to the passageof this Act, it would have been necessary to take care of these costs bythe three states. In this instance, costs in the sum of $24,000, allottedas North Dakota's share, as well as much larger sums for Minnesota andSouth Dakota, are being taken care of by the United States. The fundsfor the Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Project were included in the WarDepartment Civil Appropriation Act approved June 28, 1939.

It is evident that the very active efforts of the Army Engineers inconnection with the project and their favorable recommendations havebeen the most important factor in advancing the Lake Traverse-Bois de


Sioux project to the construction stage. Much credit for this cooperationis due Lt. Col. Dwight F. Johns and Colonel Philip B. Fleming, formerDistrict Engineers of the St. Paul Office and to Major J. W. Moreland, thepresent District Engineer.

Major Moreland has carefully compiled information with respect tothe project and has made a written record of the same available for thisdiscussion. The following is a resume of the information compiled by him:

I'urposes of Project

As its name indicates, the Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux Flood-Controland Water Conservation Project is designed to serve more than one need.Its main purpose is to provide complete protection for some 42,000 acresof agricultural lands against the flood which may be expected to occuronce every 30 years and to provide partial protection to these same landsand to 12,000 additional acres against greater and less frequent floods.A secondary benefit to be achieved is the creation of a lake betweenBrowns Valley and Minnesota State Highway No. 117 (ReservationHighway) with the water surface approximately 5 feet higher than thatwhich now exists. The raising of this lake should provide an ideal spotfor boating, swimming, fishing and wild life conservation. Also, thelevel of the lake between the highway just mentioned and the WhiteRock dam, which is located four miles south of White Rock, South Dakota,may be raised approximately 3 feet above its present level. The raisingof this lake level should provide an ideal place for duck breeding andhunting. Still another benefit, which cannot be weighed too heavilybecause of the relative infrequence of major floods, is an increased lowwater flow to communities north of the White Rock dam.

Construction Features

The construction features, based on their physical location, arereadily divided into

(1) The Bois de Sioux Channel Improvement,(2) The White Rock Dam,(3) The Reservation Highway, and(4) The Browns Valley Dike.

Channel Improvement:

The work in connection with the channel improvement consists ofenlarging and straightening about 24 miles of the Bois de Sioux channelso that it can carry, with one foot freeboard, a discharge at the lakeoutlet dam of 1,100 cubic feet per second. In order to accomplish this,a bottom width of 60 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3 was selected. Thelongitudinal slope from this dam to the junction of the Rabbit Riverwith the Bois de Sioux River is 1 to 10,000 and the slope for the next 7miles downstream to the end of the project is 14 in 100,000. This increasedslope and resulting depth increases the capacity to 2,000 second feet.


In some places it was advantageous economically as well as hydraulically,to construct cutoffs, both straightening and shortening the channel.

The White Rock Dam:

The White Rock Dam is of impermeable rolled earth fill construction.It is about 3 miles long with a top width of 26 feet and a maximum heightof 16 feet. It is not designed for overtopping. The upstream slope is1 on 2'4 and the downstream slope is 1 on 2. The upstream slope isprotected by a six inch bed of gravel upon which is laid 12 inches ofriprap. A toe drain is incorporated in the base of the downstream slope.It consists of a six inch layer of sand sandwiched between two six inchlayers of gravel and revetted with 12 inches of riprap.

The White Rock Dam control structure consists of a highway bridgebetween piers of which are three Tainter gates, 17 feet high and 13 feetwide. They are hand operated and of welded construction.

The Reservation Highway Dam:

The Reservation Highway dam consists of a control structure placedjust below the bridge on Minnesota State Highway No. 117 and theraised portion of the highway where it crosses the lake bed. The controlstructure is 113 feet long and consists of an earth fill dam with steelsheet piling cut-off walls and grouted riprap surface. This is toppedby a concrete fill through which passes a series of vertical H sections,which, in turn, support a walkway. This provides 17 bays, 6' - 8" inlength, which may be partially blocked with stop logs. The elevationof the sill is 974 feet and 3 feet of stop logs are provided to maintaina water surface of 977 feet. In addition to this, two 18-inch culverts,controlled by gates, were placed through the dam with the bottom ofthe culvert at elevation 970. Next spring it is planned to surface thisroad with soil cement.

The desired elevation of 977 for the conservation pool cannot alwaysbe maintained. In that connection, the District Engineer of the St. PaulOffice of the War Department has been directed by a CongressionalCommittee Resolution to prepare a report on the advisability of divertingflood waters from the Little Minnesota River to Lake Traverse. Thisdiversion, if carried through, would aid in maintaining the conservationpool.

The Browns Valley Dike

The Browns Valley Dike is for the purpose of preventing the pooledwater in Lake Traverse from overflowing across the divide southwardinto the Minnesota River Basin. It has only one main feature, a dike3,700 feet long extending northeast and southwest between the south limitof South Dakota State Highway No. 10 and Minnesota State HighwayNo. 27. The maximum height of the dike is 10 feet and the top width isalso 10 feet. The north or lake side of the dike above elevation 981 andthe south side of the dike will have a slope of 1 on 4. Below elevation 981


the lake side will have a slope of 1 on 15. The dike is not designed forovertopping.

Controlling Conditions of DesignAmong other conditions, the following were determined as a basis

for design:

(1) The Bois de Sioux channel must carry 1,100 second feet to thejunction of the Rabbit River, and 2,000 second feet below thatpoint.

(2) The elevation of both pools for a flood equivalent to that of 1916will be 981.

(3) The elevation of both pools for any possible flood will be 982 ifa 4,000 second foot outflow after the stage reaches 981 ismaintained.

(4) The normal pool level north of the Reservation Highway shouldnot be higher than 972.

(5) The normal conservation pool level south of the ReservationHighway should be 977.

The hydraulic design of the Lake Traverse-Bois de Sioux project wascomplicated by lack of records. This lack applied to records of inflowsand outflow and of lake levels. Because of this lack of information, itwas necessary to construct inflows, outflows and lake levels for a seriesof years, from the meager existing records and by interpolations andcomputations.

Operation of Control StructuresThe present general plan for the operation of the two control struc-

tures is here described. During the winter the lower pool elevation willnot exceed 972. About March 1st, the gates of the White Rock Dam willbe closed and inflow retained in the reservoir until May 1st. After thatdate, flows will be discharged from the White Rock dam not exceeding anoutflow of 1,100 cubic feet per second, until the pool has been drawn downto levation 972, which elevation will be maintained as far as possible.If the pool tends to exceed elevation 981 before May 1st, the Tainer gateswill be opened and flows up to 4,000 second feet will be passed in an effortto maintain the pool at elevation 981. At all times the water level in theupper pool will be maintained at elevation 977 as far as possible. As soonas the level tends to exceed this elevation, flow will be discharged intothe lower flood control pool. The stop logs may be removed to expeditethis discharge.

Status of Construction WorkAt the present time, the Bois de Sioux channel excavation is 64%

complete. With the exception of the railroad bridge at White Rock, allbridge changes are finished. The White Rock Dam is about 98% complete.All work on the Reservation Highway Dam is completed except for theroad surfacing and seeding of side slopes. Plans for the Browns ValleyDike are practically complete and advertisement for bids will be madethis winter. The entire project will be ready for operation in the fallof 1941.


THE MISSOURI RIVER DIVERSION

For the period included in its first biennial report (1937-1938), theState Water Conservation Commission showed in its report that muchprogress had been made in advancing the status of the Missouri RiverDiversion Project. A continuation of the activities in connection withthe project has been carried on in the biennium covered by this report.Only a brief outline of these activities and of the accomplishments pertain-ing to the project can be here recorded. If the large map folded in theback of this publication is followed as this report is read a clearer con-ception will be gained.

In December 1938, a Board of Review for a restudy of the MissouriRiver Diversion was established by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.The Board consists of four members, the District Engineer of the OmahaOffice, the District Engineer of the St. Paul Office, and Military Assist-ants to the Division . Engineers of the Upper Mississippi Valley and theMissouri River Divisions.

Immediately upon its establishment, a Hearing was held by this Boardat Bismarck on December 15th and 16th, 1938, at which time testimonywas submitted relative to benefits to be derived from the constructionof the project. At the close of the Bismarck Hearing, the known evaluatedbenefits submitted at the Devils Lake Hearing in 1936, the WashingtonHearing in 1937 and the Bismarck Hearing in 1938, together with evaluatedbenefits submitted to the District Offices of the Army Engineers fromtime to time during these years, aggregated 68 million dollars. Benefitsto the project subsequently evaluated bring the present total to a sumwhich is undoubtedly in excess of one hundred million dollars.

The estimated cost for the Army Engineer plan as contained in the1937 report was 54 million dollars and that of the Water Commissionmodified plan was 39 million dollars. The benefits as evaluated by theArmy Engineers in their 1937 report were only about 71/2 million dollars.The present total of possibly one hundred million dollars in benefits iswith special reference to the Water Commission modified plan, to theArmy Engineer 1938 plan, or to any plan by the Board of Review, the costof which will not exceed that of the 1937 plan. The picture as to compari-son of costs to benefits is now quite the reverse to that for the 1937 planof the Army Engineers. The State Water Conservation Commission hasbeen most active in the matter of evaluating benefits for the project. Verylargely through its efforts has this showing of greatly increased benefitsbeen made.

Extensive investigations and studies have been made of the waterneeds and the water resources of the Red River Basin by the Army Engi-neers and by the North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission.These investigations have been made with special reference to the RedRiver Plan and to the Missouri River Diversion. In connection with theuse and regulation of the waters in the Red River Basin as provided for


in an interstate compact, the Ottertail sub-basin has been excluded fromthe provisions of that compact.

The War Department in its report to the Works Progress Administra-tion in 1937 states that the main water plan for the Red River Basin couldnot be operated to obtain minimum required flows in drouth years if theOttertail Basin were not included. Reports of the North Dakota WaterCommission point very definitely to the conclusion that during a series ofdrouth years, such as have occurred during the past ten years, that thereis an insufficient water supply in the Red River Basin, including theOttertail Region, for the needs of the basin. It has also been found thatthe Missouri River Diversion is the only available means for supplyingthe deficiencies in the Red River Basin.

The North Dakota Water Commission has also made studies of theSheyenne River water supply. Reports on these studies and actual streammeasurements at Valley City show the annual average water supplies inthat stream to be far below those previously determined for showing theavailable water resources of the Sheyenne River sub-basin. This newstream flow information further establishes more definitely the watersupply deficiencies in the Red River Basin and the need of Missouri Riverwaters.

A brief has been submitted by the Water Commission and the StateEngineer to the Board of Review in which it was proposed that any planor program for taking care of the water supply needs of the Red RiverBasin should be based on the conditions during a series of drouth yearssuch as we have experienced during the past ten years. As an example,it was pointed out that, at the Grand Forks stream gaging station, theaverage annual water supply for the ten-year drouth period was onlyabout one-third the average annual water supply for a 56-year periodwhich included wet cycles and several floods. It is understood that thewater supply conditions during this ten-year drouth period is being usedas a basis for water resources and water needs in the Red River Basinand for the supplying of deficiencies by means of the Missouri RiverDiversion. In previous reports, the water resources of the basin werebased on water supply records for the longer periods.

Sewage and waste pollution has contaminated the surface wateravailable to municipalities in the Red River region to an extent notapproached in most parts of the United States. In order to correct thiscondition, sewage treatment plants are needed, and in addition, the streamflow should be increased to furnish satisfactory oxygen balance and makethe streams suitable for water supply and recreation. Minimum requiredflows in the Red River of the North at population centers during wintermonths were computed for the earlier studies of the Army Engineers.These minimum flows were based on a partial theoretical approach andon the assumption that the oxygen demand of sewage and wastes enteringthe streams will be reduced 85 per cent by treatment. To authenticallyestablish these flows an extensive field and laboratory research investiga-


tion has been completed along the Red River of the North. A final reportthereon has been completed but is not yet published. The report has,however, been made available to the District Engineer of the St. PaulOffice of the Army Engineers for use in connection with the restudy ofthe Missouri River Diversion project. The pollution study has been under-taken by the North Dakota Department of Health in collaboration withthe Minnesota Board of Health, the United States Public Health Serviceand the Public Health Departments of the Province of Manitoba and of

Polluted creek entering river. Notefloating scum.

the Dominion of Canada. This study will furnish an authentic basis foraccurately computing necessary flows in the Red River at populationcenters and the deficiencies to be supplied by the Missouri River Diversion.Prior to the undertaking of these studies, the State Water ConservationCommission very strongly urged that they be made.

The Board of Review for a restudy of the Missouri River Diversionhas been making very extensive surveys, investigations and economicstudies with respect to the project. Field surveys, preliminary plans andestimates of cost are being made under the direction of the DistrictEngineer of the Omaha Office. The headquarters for the field surveyswas at Bismarck. The economic studies are being made under thedirection of the District Engineer of the St. Paul Office.


Contrary to the basis assumed in previous investigations of the ArmyEngineers, the present investigations are based on conclusions that thediversion of Missouri River waters is definitely needed to supply defi-ciencies in the Red River Basin and in the James River Basin. Studiesin connection with field investigations now point to again divertingMissouri River waters at the former Big Bend location near Garrison andto the adoption of a more southerly route of diversion as compared to theroute proposed in the 1937 report. It is now proposed to carry the divertedwaters across the divide by pumping and by gravity canals rather thanby means of a tunnel as was proposed in the 1937 plan.

From following closely the investigations as they are being made,some knowledge of what is contemplated in connection with the proposednew plan has been gained. Office studies in connection with the projectare now being made by the Army Engineers and the route location andother features of the project as finally determined may be somewhat atvariance with the description here made.

It is now proposed to construct a dam about 50 feet high across theMissouri River at the place of diversion. Low cost electric power willbe generated at this dam. The power would serve for pumping in connec-tion with the operation of the project and for taking care of commercialpower requirements over a vast region.

A pump-lift would be located along the reservoir created by the damand the diversion waters would be raised to the higher bench land. Thewaters would then be carried easterly and northeasterly by canal to theSheyenne River at a point about ten miles upstream from Harvey — inthe bheyenne River by way of Harvey to Wellsburg—in a Sheyenne-JamesRiver diversion canal to the James River at Bremen — in the James Riverto a dam and reservoir north of Jamestown — in canals and through achain of lakes including Spiritwood Lake to the Sheyenne River at ValleyCity — in the Sheyenne River and in a Sheyenne-Wild Rice diversion canalto the Red River of the North and in that stream.

It is proposed to have extensive storage in a series of natural lakesalong the first canal course. These natural lakes are in the vicinity ofTurtle Lake and Mercer. At the junction of this first canal course withthe Sheyenne River, a storage reservoir will be located in the valley ofthat stream. At this point would also be located a power drop in the canal.A diversion dam would be located in the Sheyenne River at Wellsburg. Adam and power drop would be located on the James River at Branford,also north of Jamestown. A dam and power drop would also be locatedon the Sheyenne River seven miles upstream from Lisbon. A lateral diver-sion would extend to Devils Lake from the James River at New Rockford.A siphon would carry the water across the Sheyenne River Valley on thislateral diversion. Diversion to the lower James River would be made atthe dam on the James River north of Jamestown.

A considerable portion of the power for pumping at the place ofdiversion would be recovered by generating plants at the power drops


along the route of diversion. The storage in the natural lakes and in thereservoirs will provide for increasing the rate of pumping at the placeof diversion during periods of greater flow in the Missouri River when thelower cost secondary power is available. By the regulation of thesestorages in connection with the operation of the project, the secondarypower will be converted to firm or year-'round power at the generatingplants along the route. It is estimated that the sale of electric powerwill very largely take care of the construction and operating costs ofthe project.

Another proposed project contemplates the diversion of MissouriRiver waters at Bismarck where they will be pumped 180 feet to the topof a high hill just east of the city waterworks plant. Power for this liftwill be supplied by a dam in the Missouri River at a suitable locationupstream from Bismarck. This dam would also be about 50 feet in height.From the lift-station, the water from the Missouri River would be carriedin a canal passing north of the State Capitol and by way of Sterling, Steele,Tappen and Cleveland to the James River just north of Jamestown. Belowthis point of discharge would be a dam in the James River. From thereservoir created by this dam, Missouri River waters would be carriedalong a route proposed for the Garrison project to the Sheyenne Riverat Valley City. Diversion along the Sheyenne River and to the Red Riverwould also be as proposed for the first described project. From thisreservoir in the James River, diversion would also be made to Devils Lakeby way of Lake Juanita—by way of canal to the Sheyenne River valley—across that valley by means of a siphon to Stump Lake and through StumpLake and by canal to Devils Lake. Power drops and generating plantswould be located at Jamestown and at Valley City where much electricpower would be recovered. Extensive irrigation possibilities exist alongthis route. Diversion to the lower James River would be made at theJamestown dam. Construction and operating features not specificallymentioned for this project will be similar to those for the Garrison project.

In connection with its Missouri River investigations of irrigationpossibilities and in connection with ascertaining the market requirementsfor low cost electric power to be generated at Fort Peck, the Bureau ofReclamation has also made route surveys of the Missouri River diversionand in connection therewith has made investigations of the irrigablelands along the proposed routes.

A route being investigated by the Bureau of Reclamation and foundmost favorable to irrigation developments, contemplates the diversion ofMissouri River waters at or in the vicinity of Fort Peck reservoir. Theoriginal proposal was to divert the waters directly from the reservoir.Later studies indicate that it will be best to divert the waters directlyfrom the Missouri River opposite the town of Nashua and just below thejunction of the Milk River with the Missouri River. No pumping wouldbe required at the place of diversion and the waters would be transportedeasterly in a main gravity canal by way of Wolf Point, Culbertson and


Medicine Lake in Montana and by way of Grenora, Zahl, Crosby andBowbells to the Upper Des Lacs Lake north of Kenmare. Missouri Riverwaters will then flow in the Des Lacs and Mouse Rivers to a diversiondam in the Mouse River at Verendrye. From this point of diversion theMissouri River waters will be carried in canal and in natural lakes andwater courses by way of Balta and Lake Girard to connect with the head-waters of the Sheyenne River near Esmond. They will then flow downthe Sheyenne River to the Red River and lateral diversions will he madeto Devils Lake and to the James River.

In connection with this proposed project, there are a number of veryinteresting construction and operating features. Extensive storage willbe afforded in the large lake at the town of Medicine Lake. Connectedwith this lake will be a large storage in the Big Muddy Creek Valley whichwill extend north to Plentywood. A canal will extend from the lake atMedicine Lake to a point about 2 miles southwest of Grenora, NorthDakota. At this point the water being carried eastward will be pumpedto a height of 120 feet to the higher bench land. A reservoir of verylarge capacity will be created in the hilly region along the route of diver-sion between Zahl and Crosby. A 75-foot power drop will be located atthe outlet of this reservoir. It is proposed to use the Upper Des LacsLake as a storage reservoir. A 125 foot power drop with generating plantfor recovery of power will be located at the place of canal discharge intothis lake. This place of discharge will be located near the south end ofthe lake. These large storages along the route of diversion will make itpossible to obtain the most advantageous arrangements for pumping forregulation of flows and for the operation of irrigation developments. Itis estimated that the recovery of power at the two drops totaling 200 feetwill compensate for the power used at the 120-foot lift.

Adjoining the power drop and generating plant near the south endof the Upper Des Lacs Lake will be located the west end of a siphon whichwill carry sufficient water across the lake to irrigate the area betweenthe lake and the Mouse River near the international boundary and betweenthe Upper Des Lacs Lake and the Mouse River Valley is a natural depres-sion or saddle and along this valley-like depression a canal will transportthe stored Missouri River waters to the Mouse River Valley. Across thisvalley a siphon will carry the water to the Mouse River Loop for distribu-tion in an irrigation system. The area to be irrigated in the loop willextend east to a line running north of Minot. Seepage and return-flowwaters from the irrigated areas will drain to and will be collected in theDes Lacs and Mouse Rivers and will be carried downstream for diversioneasterly at Verendrye.

A dam will be constructed in the Sheyenne River near Warwick, NorthDakota. The diversions to Devils Lake and to the James Rivers will bemade in natural water courses from the reservoir created by this dam.Studies have been made in connection with this project of irrigationpossibilities in the vicinity of New Rockford.


The proposed Diversion along this northern route would be a projectof immense magnitude. The proposed irrigation developments in connec-tion therewith are comparable to those of the Grand Coulee project. Whenconsidered with reference to the many uses which would be made of thediverted waters, it can be said that it would be one of the largest multi-purpose projects in the world.

In connection with the Missouri River Diversion Project, two projectsare proposed which can be considered as extensions to a Main DiversionPlan. These two projects are the Goose River Diversion and the JamesRiver-Lake Traverse Diversion. Of course, these projects would be con-structed only in case the main diversion project were constructed.

The Goose River Diversion contemplates the diversion of MissouriRiver waters from Stump Lake to the Goose River. At the east side ofStump Lake the waters would be pumped to a height of about 50 feet tothe higher ground adjoining the lake. The waters would then be carriedby canal in the headwaters drainage of the Goose River to a well definedchannel of that stream where it would flow throughout its course to itsjunction with the Red River of the North. This diversion would be forthe purpose of making available additional water supplies to farmers andmunicipalities. Very severe water shortage conditions exist for the citiesof Mayville and Hillsboro. The State Water Conservation Commissionhas made surveys and investigations of this project. This proposed diver-sion is shown on a map attached to this report. The cities of Portland,Mayville and Hillsboro in Trail County have submitted briefs to theBoard of Review setting forth the benefits to be derived from theconstruction of the project.

Adequate water supply would decrease wildfowl losses frombotulism.


The James River-Lake Traverse Project contemplates the diversionof Missouri River waters from the James River at a point about two milesnorth of the town of Oakes. At this point the waters will be lifted a heightof about 20 feet to the top of the east bank of the James River. The waterswould then be carried in a canal easterly and southerly by way of Crete,Stirum and to the west of Cogswell to the headwaters of a drainage toLake Tewaukon and in a natural water-course in that drainage to LakeTewaukon. From Lake Tewaukon, the diverted waters would flow in theWild Rice River to a point north of the town of Geneseo. The waterswould then be carried by canal southeasterly through a series of lakeswhich lie southwesterly from the town of Hankinson. The canal wouldthen continue to the South Dakota border at a point north of the town ofNew Effington, South Dakota. The diversion would then follow the BigCoulee drainage in South Dakota to Lake Traverse. The North DakotaState Water Conservation Commission has also made surveys and investi-gations of this project. This James River-Lake Traverse Project wouldbe for the purposes of lake restoration, recreation, agricultural andmunicipal uses, the propagation of fish and wild life, wild-life refuges andsmall-scale irrigation developments. Purposes of much significance wouldbe the restoration of Lake Tewaukon providing a supplemental watersupply to Lake Traverse and insuring a dependable water supply to thecities of Wahpeton, North Dakota, and Breckenridge, Minnesota. A state-ment has been submitted to the Board of Review by State Senator Wm.J. Braun of Wahpeton, which sets forth in detail the benefits to be derivedfrom the project. The route of this proposed diversion is also shown on amap attached to this biennial report.

It has been recognized throughout the nation that the Great Plainsarea is necessary to our economic structure. The territory to be benefitedby the Missouri River Diversion is a part of the Great Plains area andthe Diversion Project must be considered a definite and an integral partof the program for the rehabilitation of that area. The fundamental needof this portion of the larger drouth stricken area is a supplemental watersupply. The Missouri River Diversion will supply that need.

The proponents of the divergent interests—navigation, irrigation andpower development, are pressing for final determinations with respect tothe use of Missouri River waters. North Dakota will contend mostvigorously that an equitable share of these waters will be allotted for itsneeds, including the Missouri River Diversion requirements.

Of special significance is the endorsement of the project by theNational Rivers and Harbors Congress and by the National Wild LifeFederation. Reference is made to remarks by the Hon. Joseph J. Mans-field, chairman of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House ofRepresentatives, made in Congress on January 3, 1939. In his remarks,Congressman Mansfield outlined the main features of the Missouri RiverDiversion Project and of the benefits to be derived therefrom. It is thefeeling of many that the project is approaching the stage when it should


become more widely known and it is expected that hereafter, the ProposedDiversion will be a subject for frequent discussions in Congress.

The Board of Review anticipates that its report on a restudy of theMissouri River Diversion Project will be completed in February, 1941.Those who are familiar with the investigations made by the Army Engi-neers and with the information and data assembled feel that the forth-coming report of the Board of Review will be most favorable to the project.

A preliminary engineering report of the proposed plan for the north-ern, Fort Peck, route has been submitted to the Commissioner of theBureau of Reclamation. It is known that engineers of the Bureau areimpressed with the practicability of the project and it is believed thatits further study and consideration will soon result in the undertakingof more detailed investigations.

The needs of the project have been definitely established; federaldepartments have manifested a more active interest in the project;present plans provide a means for taking care of the costs of the project;the project has become more definitely a part of the Great Plains Pro-gram; the proposed diversion is becoming increasingly of greater nation-wide importance and interest and it is very evident that engineers of thefederal departments engaged on investigations and studies of the projecthave been impressed with its feasibility and soundness. In view of theseaccomplishments and favorable conditions, it can be confidently statedthat the Missouri River Diversion has been greatly advanced in statusand that good progress is being made in moving it forward to theconstruction stage.

PUBLIC HEARINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS

MISSOURI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES

Flood Control on the Missouri River at Bismarck and Mandan:

A public Hearing was held at Bismarck, North Dakota, on July 7,1939, by the District Engineer, Omaha Office of the War Department,under authority of a resolution, adopted May 2, 1939, by the Committeeon Flood Control, House of Representatives of the United States, whichauthorized a review of the 308 Report of the War Department, with aview to determining whether flood control at Bismarck and Mandan,North Dakota, is advisable at this time.

Testimony was submitted by citizens of Bismarck and Mandan withregard to floods of damaging magnitude in the Missouri River and inthe Heart River.

A written statement was submitted by the Chief Engineer of theState Water Conservation Commission and the State Engineer. Includedin this statement was a record of: (1) past floods of damaging magni-tude, the areas affected, and the amount of damage; (2) existing pno-


tection works and their effect on controlling floods; (3) general andspecific proposals for protective measures.

Investigations were made by the War Department for the protectionof an irrigable area known as the Bismarck Irrigation Project. A reporton this proposed flood protection was made by the War Department tothe Bureau of Reclamation. Investigations have also been made withrespect to floods and flood control on the Heart River at Mandan. Areport on flood conditions in the Heart River and on flood protectiveworks for the City of Mandan will be made in a forthcoming reportby the District Engineer.

Missouri River overflowing Highway No. 10 in spring of 1939.Looking west from approach to Memorial Bridge. Note row boat

traveling over highway.

Knife River Hearing, Beulah, North Dakota

A Public Hearing was held at Beulah, North Dakota, on October 11, .1939 under provisions of Section 6 of the Flood Control Act, approvedAugust 11, 1939 which authorized a preliminary examination and surveyfor flood control of the watershed of the Knife River, North Dakota.

At the Hearing, testimony was submitted with respect to the follow-ing: (1) A record of past floods of damaging magnitude, the areaaffected, and the amount of damages; (2) A record of existing protectionworks and their effect on controlling floods; (3) The nature of protectivemeasures proposed by local interests; (4) Data relative to run-off andwater flow retardation and soil erosion prevention.


A written brief was submitted by the Chief Engineer of the StateWater Conservation Commission and the State Engineer, in which it wasproposed to control the floods on the Knife River in connection with amulti-purpose project involving flood control, irrigation and water con-servation. Extensive surveys have been made by the Bureau ofReclamation. This survey shows that about 16,000 acres can be irrigatedin the Knife River Basin. This survey by the Bureau of Reclamationwill be of great value in connection with the development of a water planfor the basin. Upon completion of the surveys and investigations, areport will be made by the District Engineer.

Missouri River Hearing, Pierre, South Dakota:

A public Hearing was held by the District Engineer of the OmahaOffice of the War Department at Pierre, South Dakota, on March 4, 1940,under authority of a resolution adopted January 19, 1940, by the Com-mittee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives of theUnited States, which authorizes a review of the report on the MissouriRiver known as the 308 Report. The Hearing was for the purpose ofobtaining views with respect to proposed improvements on and alongthe Missouri River. Included in the matters discussed and included inwritten briefs were the construction of a dam on the Missouri River inSouth Dakota; the generation of electric power and the development byirrigation of bottom lands along the Missouri River. The review is alsowith a view to determining the desirability of improving the river inSouth Dakota to make power available for developing deposits ofmanganese and other strategic minerals.

A written brief was submitted by the Chief Engineer of the NorthDakota State Water Conservation Commission and the State Engineer.It was pointed out in the statements by its engineers that North Dakotawas interested in obtaining low cost power for irrigation, for rural electri-fication, for municipal use and for industrial development. It was urgedthat a large storage reservoir be created by the construction of a damon the Missouri River in South Dakota which would provide re-regulationof the stream for navigation downstream and permit the development ofthe upstream areas for irrigation, diversion and other purposes.

Hearing on Heart River and Grand River

During the summer of 1940 a Hearing was held at Washington, D. C.,by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors on the War Departmentinvestigations of the Heart River and the Grand River in North Dakota.A written brief was submitted by Mr. C. F. Kelsch, Assistant AttorneyGeneral, who represented the North Dakota State Water ConservationCommission. Members of Congress from North Dakota made representa-tions at the Hearing.

The Souris (Mouse) River ReferenceThe Souris (Mouse) River, an international stream located in the

Hudson Bay drainage area, has its source in the region northwest of


Weyburn, Saskatchewan. It flows in a southeasterly direction about 170miles when it crosses the international boundary into the State of NorthDakota. The River then flows southeasterly for about 80 miles by way ofMinot to the town of Velva where it turns northerly to Canada, againcrossing the international boundary at a point about 45 miles east of itsentrance into the United States. It then flows through the Province ofManitoba to join the Assiniboine River near the town of Wawanesa. TheAssiniboine River joins the Red River of the North at Winnipeg.

Following a series of drouth years in the Souris River Basin duringwhich there were severe water shortage conditions in that basin anddepleted flows in the Souris River, the Province of Manitoba, in December1939, initiated the Souris (Mouse) River Reference. It was contended bythe Province of Manitoba that these depleted flows of the Souris River inManitoba were largely due to water storages along the stream in theProvince of Saskatchewan and in the State of North Dakota.

Under date of January 15th, 1940, the following Reference was com-municated by the Governments of the United States and Canada to theInternational Joint Commission:

"I have the honour to inform you that the Governments ofCanada and the United States have agreed to refer to the Inter-national Joint Commission, under the provisions of Article 9 ofthe Boundary Waters Treaty, 1909, for investigation, report, andrecommendation, the following questions with respect to thewaters of the Souris (Mouse) River and its tributaries whichcross the International boundary from the Province of Saskatche-wan to the State of North Dakota and from the State of NorthDakota to the Province of Manitoba.

"Question 1. In order to secure the interests of the inhabitantsof Canada and the United States in the Souris (Mouse) Riverdrainage basin, what apportionment should be made of the watersof the Souris (Mouse) River and its tributaries, the waters ofwhich cross the international boundary, to the Province of Sas-katchewan, the State of North Dakota, and the Province ofManitoba?

"Question 2. What methods of control and operation would befeasible and desirable in order to regulate and use the flow of thewaters of the Souris (Mouse) River and its tributaries, the watersof which cross the International boundary, in accordance with theapportionment recommended in the answer to Question 1?

"Question 3. Pending a final answer to Questions 1 and 2, whatinterim measures of regime should be adopted to secure theforegoing objects ?

"To assist the Commission in obtaining any information itmay desire in the course of its investigation, the two Govern-ments have nominated from their technical services the following


group of engineers, who are familiar with the problems on bothsides of the border, and representative of the various interests.

Mr. S. H. McCrory—Assistant Chief, Bureau of AgriculturalChemistry and Engineering, United States Department ofAgriculture, Washington, D. C.

Mr. Brice McBride—Hydraulic Engineer, Bureau of BiologicalSurvey, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

Mr. E. J. Thomas—Chairman of the Group of Engineers repre-senting the United States, State Engineer of the State ofNorth Dakota, Bismarck, North Dakota.

Mr. C. J. McGavin—Chief Engineer, Water Rights Branch,Department of Natural Resources, Regina, Saskatchewan.

Mr. D. M. Stephens—Deputy Minister, Department of Mines andNatural Resources, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Mr. Victor Meek—Chairman of the Group of Engineers repre-senting Canada, Assistant Controller, Dominion Water andPower Bureau, Department of Mines and Resources, Ottawa,Canada.

In view of the conditions obtaining in the Souris River water-shed, I request that early consideration be given to Question 3,with a view to the consideration of the possibility of recommend-ing interim measures to relieve the present situation."

Briefly, the objects of the Reference are the satisfactory regulationand equitable apportionment of the waters of the Souris (Mouse) River.The Governments involved in the solution of the problem are theDominion of Canada, the United States of America, the Provinces ofSaskatchewan and Manitoba and the State of North Dakota.

The International Joint Commission is a body created under theprovisions of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909. Its present membersare: For Canada—Mr. Charles Stewart, Chairman; Mr. Geo. W. Kyteand Mr. J. E. Perrault. For the United States—Mr. A. 0. Stanley, Mr.Roger B. McWharter and Mr. R. Walton Moore. Before being membersof the Commission, all had a record of distinguished public service.

In the meantime, the International Joint Commission held anexecutive session in Washington, D. C., on February 21 and 22, 1940. Atthis meeting the engineers were duly appointed by the Commission.Arrangements were made for a Conference with the engineers at Wash-ington on April 2 and recommendations were adopted that steps be takenby the two Governments to ensure that no new works be undertaken,and that existing temporary arrangements for the passage of waterbe continued until after the Commission had adopted its report.

At about the same time the engineers for the two Governments metin St. Paul, Minnesota, when procedure for assisting the Commission


was outlined. Arrangements were made at this meeting for a jointassembling and compilation of stream-flow records on the Souris (Mouse)River in the United States and in Canada by the District Engineer ofthe United States Geological Survey at St. Paul and the District Engineerof the Dominion Water and Power Bureau at Winnipeg. An outline forthe factual data reports to be presented to the Commission was adopted.

As previously arranged, the engineers met with the InternationalJoint Commission at its office in Washington April 2. At this confer-ence the engineers made a report to the Commission of the proceedingsat the St. Paul meeting and discussed with the Commissioners the na-ture and scope of the investigation and how it might most successfullybe carried out. The discussions were continued on April 3, when atentative schedule was adopted for the time of completion of reports, forthe making of field inspections and for the holding of Hearings. Goodprogress was reported on the compilation of stream-flow records.

All reports were completed about May 15, 1940, and were madeavailable to the members of the Commission and to each of the engineersof the two Governments. Following a study of these reports the engi-neers made a field inspection of the watershed, the same being withparticular reference to the existing conservation and regulation works inthe Souris (Mouse) River.

A conference was held by the engineers assisting the Commission atWinnipeg on June 17th, at which various phases of the problem were dis-cussed. These discussions included a clarification of matters in the re-ports, the order and method of presenting the reports to the Commissionand the general principles which would govern in the apportionment ofthe waters.

On June 18th and 19th, 1940, the engineers met with the InternationalJoint Commission at Winnipeg. The stream-flow and factual data reportswere formally presented to the Commission. An oral summary and ex-planations were made for each of the reports. Progress was made at thismeeting in approaching a basis for a temporary solution of the problem.

Following the meetings at Winnipeg, hearings were held by the Com-mission at Melita, Manitoba, on June 20th, at Minot, North Dakota onJune 22nd, and at Estevan, Saskatchewan on June 24th. A large numberof citizens of Manitoba, North Dakota and Saskatchewan attended thesehearings and presented testimony with respect to water supply condi-tions in the Souris (Mouse) River and its tributaries. In addition to theState Engineer, the State of North Dakota was represented at hearingsby Mr. Sivert W. Thompson, a member of the State Water ConservationCommission, by Mr. H. F. McColly, Secretary and Chief Engineer of theState Water Conservation Commission and by Mr. C. F. Kelsch, AssistantAttorney General. Mr. Thompson was the personal representative of theGovernor. Legal representatives of the Dominion of Canada and of theUnited States were present at conferences and attended the hearings.


Much testimony was submitted by local people at the Minot hearing.This was well presented under the leadership of Attorney Halvor L. Hal-vorson, who represented the Minot Association of Commerce.

At Regina, Saskatchewan, on June 25th, the engineers assisting theCommission went into executive session and discussed at length variousmatters in connection with the problem. A report was prepared recom-mending interim measures and an apportionment of the waters to theProvince of Saskatchewan.

On June 26th, the engineers met with the International Joint Com-mission at Regina and presented their report. Members of the Commis-sion expressed themselves as pleased with the report and stated that theirrecommendations to the two Governments would undoubtedly follow veryclosely those of the engineers.

In the meantime, a report was formulated and recommendations tothe Governments of Canada and the United States were made with respectto the Souris (Mouse) River Reference, which report was formerly ap-proved by the International Joint Commission at its meeting in Ottawa,Canada, on October 2, 1940. In the report, no apportionment of thewaters was made for the Province of Saskatchewan. Otherwise, the rec-ommendations in the report as was suggested at the Regina meetingfollow closely the recommendations of the engineers.

The report of the International Joint Commission on the Souris Riverinvestigation is composed of the following entitled Sections: I. Refer-ence; II. History of Legislation and Projects; III. Description of Water-shed; IV. Summary of Investigation; V. Engineering Reports; VI. Con-clusions; VII. Recommendations.

The report is somewhat lengthy and only Section VII is here setforth:

Recommendations

"In view of the incompleteness of available stream flow data, it isthe judgment of the Commission that no permanent method of control andoperation designed to regulate the flow and use of the waters of the SourisRiver and its tributaries should be adopted at this time. Flow measure-ments now being obtained are superior to those obtained prior to thepresent drought cycle both as to standard of accuracy and continuousgaugings at critical points. By 1945 available flow records should bemuch more dependable and informative.

The Commission deems it advisable to continue the investigation ofthe principal questions embodied in the Reference for such period of timeas may be found necessary, and in the conduct thereof to avail itself ofsuch technical service and advice as it may require. The Commission pro-poses to appoint a joint board of engineers consisting of two members,one to be drawn from the public service of the United States and one fromthe public service of Canada, to be officially designated as the Inter-


national Souris Board of Control; the Board to be charged, during theintervening period prior to the adoption of permanent measures, with theresponsibility of ensuring compliance with the interim measures set outhereinafter, and of submitting to the Commission regular semi-annualreports and also such special reports as the Commission may require, orthe Board in its discretion may desire to file. In event of disagreementbetween members of the Board, the matters in controversy shall be re-ferred to the Commission for decision.

The Commission recommends interim Melt:WITS, pending permanentsettlement of the questions presented in the Reference, as follows:

1. The Province of Saskatchewan shall be permitted to continue itspresent use of the waters of the Souris River, and, in addition,to construct a reservoir with usable capacity not exceeding 4,000acre feet, for the purpose of providing an adequate water supplyfor the town of Weyburn and the Mental Hospital at Weyburn.

2. The State of North Dakota shall be permitted to continue itspresent use of the waters of the Souris River, and in addition,to construct a small reservoir on Long Creek, with capacity of200 acre feet, to provide an adequate water supply for the townof Crosby, North Dakota.

3. A regulated flow of not less than 10 cubic feet per second shallbe released from the State of North Dakota to the Province ofManitoba during the months of June, July, August, Septemberand October of each year.

In the event that the State of North Dakota or the Provinces of Sas-katchewan or Manitoba should desire to construct any additional storageworks, or otherwise make additional use of the waters of the Souris riverbasin, application shall be made to the International Joint Commission forauthority to construct the desired storage works or otherwise to makeuse of additional waters.

The interim measures for which provision is hereinbefore made shallremain in effect unless subsequently qualified or modified by the Com-mission prior to the adoption of permanent measures in accordance withthe requirements of "Questions (1) and (2) of the Reference."

YELLOWSTONE RIVER BASIN COMPACT

It became apparent in recent years that the shortage of waters in theYellowstone River Basin for taking care of the present and potentiallylarge acreage of irrigable lands within that basin was a most seriousproblem.

This basin lies almost entirely within the states of Montana andWyoming, a small portion being within the State of North Dakota. Recog-nizing the need for a division of the waters of the basin between the states

44

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of Montana and Wyoming, these states entered into a compact for thedivision of such waters, which was approved by the Congress of theUnited States on August 2, 1937. This interstate compact and its ap-proval by Congress provided for the establishment of a Yellowstone RiverBasin Compact Commission. It further provided that the compact shouldbe consummated not later than June 1, 1939, and that it would becomebinding when approved by the legislatures of the States and by theCongress of the United States. Pursuant to this authorization, eachState appointed a member on the Compact Commission to represent itsinterests.

The first meeting of the Yellowstone River Compact Commission washeld at Billings, Montana, on May 5, 1938. It was called for the purposeof adopting a program of procedure and for initiating the compilationof the basic factual data required for the Commission's consideration innegotiating the Compact. At a later Commission meeting held in Ther-mopolis, Wyoming, on November 21 and 22, 1938, the Commission re-ported that it would be impossible to secure information necessary fordrafting and negotiating the compact within the time set in the Act.Based on this report, Congress amended the original Act so as to providefor the inclusion of the State of North Dakota as a signatory to theCompact and extended the time for the negotiation and completion of theCompact until June 1, 1943.

AN ACT

Granting the consent of Congress to the States of Montana,North Dakota, and Wyoming to negotiate and enter into acompact or agreement for division of the waters of the Yel-lowstone River.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives ofthe United States of America in Congress assembled, That theAct of Congress approved August 2. 1937 (50 Stat. 551), grant-ing the consent of Congress to the States of Montana and Wyo-ming to negotiate and enter into a compact or agreement for di-vision of the waters of the Yellowstone River, be, and it is herebyamended to provide that the consent of Congress is given to theState of North Dakota to negotiate and to enter into the com-pact or agreement therein authorized providing for an equitabledivision and an apportionment between the States of the watersupply of the Yellowstone River and of the streams tributarythereto, upon condition that the representative appointed by thePresident of the United States under the Act of August 2, 1937,to participate in said negotiations as the representative of theUnited States and to report to Congress of proceedings and ofany compact or agreement entered into, shall continue to repre-sent the United States and to report under this Act: Provided,That such Act of August 2, 1937, is amended by striking out"June 1, 1939," and inserting in lieu thereof "June 1, 1943":Provided, That such compact or agreement shall not be bindingor obligatory upon any of the parties thereto unless and until thesame shall have been approved by the legislatures of each of thesaid States and by the Congress of the United States: Providedfurther, That nothing in this Act shall apply to any waters within


or tributary to the Yellowstone National Park or shall establishany right or interest in or to any lands within the boundariesthereof.

Approved, June 15, 1940.

On August 12, 1940, Governor John Moses appointed Mr. Frank P.Whitney of Dickinson, to represent North Dakota as member on the Yel-lowstone River Compact Commission and Mr. H. F. McColly, Secretaryand Chief Engineer of the North Dakota State Water Conservation Com-mission as assistant to aid in collection of technical, basic and factualdata.

The first meeting of the Compact Commission was held in Billings,Montana, on October 10, 1940. A list of those attending the meetingis as follows:

Name Organization and Title Address

Clyde L. Seavey Member, Federal Power Commission Washington, D. C.E. B. Winter _________ Montana Member, Compact Commission _. Miles City, MontanaH. F. McColly Secretary and Chief Engineer, North Da-

kota Water Conservation Comm Bismarck, N. D.Frank P. Whitney N. D. Member, Compact Commission Dickinson, N. D.Lt. Col. Wm. M. Hoge__ District Engineer, U. S. Engineer Dept._____Omaha, NebraskaW. G. Sloan U. S. Bureau of Reclamation Denver, ColoradoH. M. Tice Assistant State Engineer Helena, MontanaJ. W. Emmert _Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone ParkWesley A. D'Evart Montana Member, Compact Commission Wilsall, MontanaE. Walter Hunke • State Supervisor, W.P.A. Research Proj-

ects State College. Boze-man, Montana

0. W. Monson Montana State College Bozeman, MontanaCarl G. Krueger Forest Supervisor, Shoshone National

Forest Cody, WyomingClifford H. Stone National Resources Planning Board Denver, ColoradoL. A. Campbell _ _Forest Service, Region 1 Missoula, MontanaWalter L. Schipull____Forest Service, Region 2 Denver, ColoradoFred E. Buck Secretary, Montana State Planning Board Helena, MontanaL. C. Bishop Wyoming State Engineer and Wyoming

Interstate Streams Commissioner Cheyenne, WyomingE. B. Donohue Montana Member, Compact Commission Helena, MontanaC. J. Dousman Attorney, Montana Water Board Helena, MontanaR. G. Lyman W.P.A. District Supervisor, Water Re-

sources Projects Rockwood Brown Montana Water Board and Member of

Compact Commission Billings, MontanaL. F. Thornton Member, Wyoming Planning and Water

Conservation Board ; Member, CompactCommission Thermopolis, Wyo.

Will G. Metz __________________Wyoming Member, Compact Commission Buffalo, WyomingKenneth R. L. Simmons_ District Counsel, Indian Service. Billings, MontanaW. S. Hanna District Engineer, Indian Service Billings, MontanaJ. C. Cory W.P.A. Butte, Montana0. Leon Anderson Area Conservationist, Soil Conservation

Service Billings, MontanaEdgar Reeves State Coordinator, Soil Conservation

Service Laramie, WyomingL. S. Wing _Federal Power Commission Denver, ColoradoH. 0. Caperton Federal Power Commission Denver, Colorado


It will be noted that in addition to the members of the CompactCommission, there were present a large number of representatives fromthe states of Montana and Wyoming and of federal departments who areactively interested in the proceedings of the Compact Commission.

Formation and discussion of policies were presented for draftingthe Compact, and all basic, technical and factual data submitted outliningprogress of surveys, plans and studies for development of storage asprepared by the Federal Power Commission, U. S. Army Engineers,U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Indian Service, State Engineers ofMontana and Wyoming and the Montana State Water ConservationBoard. It was agreed that the Federal Power Commission should submitto each State copies of the report. Such data as are now available havebeen compiled by the Federal Power Commission.

In previous reports of the Wyoming and Montana CompactCommission, before North Dakota became a signatory to the Compact,estimates were prepared showing the amount of lands in the drainagearea of the Yellowstone River Basin under irrigation and potentialdevelopments of the Yellowstone River Basin as follows:

Average Area Irrigable Area UltimateIrrigated Present Irrigable1930-1938 Systems Area

Wyoming 457,205 621,615 1,137,330Montana 422,352 514,857 1,058,135North Dakota 15,400 21,080 24,740

Total Yellowstone Basin.. 894,957 1,157,552 2,220,205

Following is list of irrigation projects showing present developmentand ultimate irrigable areas in North Dakota in the Yellowstone RiverBasin:

Name of ProjectIrrigable Ultimate

Irrigated Area Under IrrigableArea Present System Area

Main Stem 15,400 21,030 24,240Sioux Irrigation District 650 1,030 1,300Lower Yellowstone Project 14,750 20,000 20,000Cartwright Irrigation Dist. 0 0 840Yellowstone Pumping Irrig

District 0 0 2,100Tributaries 10 50 500Frank Lassey Ditch 10 50 50Jackson Bros. Ditch 0 0 100F. T. Martell Ditch 0 0 200Potential Projects 150 '

Total North Dakota 15,400 21,080 24,740


DRAINAGE AREA OF THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER BASIN

DRAINAGE AREA (Square Miles)Sub-Basin Wyoming Montana North Dakota Total

Yellowstone (Main Stem) 2,162 22,852 740 25,754Clark Fork 1,184 1,664 2,848Big Horn 18,259 4,683 22,942Tongue 1,645 3,796 5,441Powder 9,710 3,705 13,415

Total 32,960 36,700 740 70,400

The Yellowstone River contributes approximately 60 per cent of thewater in the Missouri River at Williston. North Dakota is using waterfrom the Missouri River on the Lewis and Clark Project and will beirrigating over 5,000 acres. In addition, there are a number of smallindividual projects operating along the Missouri River as it passesthrough the State.

Surveys were made during 1939 by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamationof the Missouri River bottom lands showing a potential area of over200,000 acres of rich agricultural lands suitable for irrigation develop-ment, divided into projects of variable sizes, ranging from 1,000 to 20,000acres. Surveys and studies of the proposed Missouri River DiversionProject for replenishing the water supply and restoration of Devils Lake,also supplementing flows in the Sheyenne, the Red and the James Rivershave been made by the State of North Dakota, U. S. Army Engineersand U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. Those reports and investigations haveshown the feasibility and needs of this project.

Any negotiations by the Compact Commission should not onlyconsider all present and potential uses and rights involved in the Yellow-stone River Basin but also those along the main stem of the MissouriRiver below the confluence of the two rivers where other interests willbe affected as a result of the diversion of water from the YellowstoneRiver which contributes the greater portion of the flow in the main stemof the Missouri River below the point of confluence. It is the contentionof North Dakota that in addition to its uses of water along the YellowstoneRiver, it is also entitled to an equitable apportionment of YellowstoneRiver waters flowing in the Missouri River through the state for use inirrigating the large acreages of Missouri River bottom lands and fordiverting into central and eastern North Dakota by means of the MissouriRiver Diversion Project.

LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER COMPACT

The consent of Congress has been granted to the states of Montana,North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming to negotiate and enter into acompact or agreement for division of the waters of the Little Missouri


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River. The following are the provisions of the Act granting consent ofCongress:

"Be is enacted by the Senate and House of Representativesof the United States of America in Congress assembled, Thatconsent of Congress is hereby given to the States of Montana,North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming to negotiate andenter into a compact or agreement not later than January 1,1943, providing for an equitable division and apportionmentamong the States of the water supply of the Little MissouriRiver and of the streams tributary thereto, upon conditionsthat one suitable person, who shall be appointed by the Presidentof the United States, shall participate in said negotiations as therepresentative of the United States and shall make report toCongress of the proceedings and of any compact or agreemententered into: PROVIDED, That any such compact or agreementshall not be binding or obligatory upon any of the parties theretounless and until the same shall have been approved by the legis-lature of each of said States and by the Congress of the UnitedStates."

This Act was approved June 13, 1940. No action with respect to thiscompact has yet been taken by the four states. It is estimated that thereare 24,000 acres of irrigable lands along the Little Missouri River inNorth Dakota. The equitable apportionment of the waters of this streamis a highly complicated problem and it is most important that this statebe allotted its equitable share of the waters for irrigation and for generalagricultural purposes. Inasmuch as the consent of Congress providesfor negotiating and entering into the compact not later than January 1,1943, members of the Compact Commission for each of the states shouldbe appointed at once so that work can be started on the assembling andcompilation of data.

PROPOSED MISSOURI RIVER BASIN COMPACT

In connection with the division of the waters of the Missouri RiverBasin for various purposes including irrigation, navigation, power develop-ment, diversion, and municipal supplies, the interests involved are pressingfor a final determination for the division of the waters of the entire basinand feel that in such apportionment, the basin should be considered as awhole. All of the states involved are interested in storage and regulatedflows, also in water supplies for municipal use.

The States of Montana and Wyoming are interested in power develop-ment and irrigation. The State of North Dakota is interested in irrigation,power development and diversion. South Dakota is interested in irrigation,navigation, power development and diversion. The States of Nebraskaand Kansas are interested in navigation and irrigation. The States ofIowa and Missouri are interested in navigation.

Federal Departments including the War Department, the Departmentof the Interior, the Department of Agriculture and the Federal Power


Commission are known to be anxious for a final determination as to theapportionment of Missouri River waters for their uses.

Consideration is being given to the initiating of a movement fornegotiating and entering into a compact by all the states in the basin.It is proposed to call a meeting of representatives of the several statesand the federal departments involved to discuss the matter and toformulate a plan of procedure.

PROPOSAL OF COMPACT FOR THE GRAND RIVER

Reclamation projects are proposed along the Grand River in SouthDakota and in North Dakota. Before undertaking the construction ofprojects along this interstate stream, a compact should be negotiated andentered into by the States of South Dakota and North Dakota.

WATER CONSERVATION MAP OF THE STATE

Attention is called to the large map, folded into the back of thispublication, which gives information on all water conservation projectsthat are developed, proposed or potential. The table giving the status ofirrigation projects has the projects numbered, and those that are stilloperating will be found on the map with the same identifying number.The location of existing dams that are being repaired may also be found.Proposed diversion routes are indicated and also the possibilities of wellirrigation developments. Indication is made in most cases as to theagency that constructed or aided in the construction of the project.

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ACTIVITIES OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYIN NORTH DAKOTA

The Geological Survey has been co-operating with the State Geologistin making underground water investigations and studies of the Red andJames River Valleys, to determine the possibilities of water for municipal,industrial and irrigation uses. The U. S. Geological Survey is co-operatingwith the City of Fargo on investigations for a ground water supply tosupplement its municipal and industrial needs.

The topographic mapping division has been making surveys alongthe International Boundary in Pembina County and has completed theHeart Butte Quadrangle in Grant and Morton Counties.

The hydrOgraphic branch has been co-operating with the StateEngineer, the Tri-State Waters Commission and the State Water Conser-vation Commission on stream gaging, water supply investigations andrecords. A detailed statement is made with respect to co-operation onstream gaging in connection with tabulations of stream flow records.

STREAM-FLOW MEASUREM ENTS

The Office of State Engineer and the State Water ConservationCommission are the departments of state government which have as oneof their functions the obtaining of information and data relating to theflow of streams.

This work is done in cooperation with the Water Resources Branchof the United States Geological Survey. The Office of State Engineeris the State cooperating agency. These data are published in WaterSupply Papers of the U. S. Geological Survey and in state reports sothat they will be properly recorded and made available to those con-cerned with problems of water supply, use and control. All stream flowdata compiled up to September 30th, 1937, have been previously pub-lished in state reports. Cooperation of the State of North Dakotawith the U. S. Geological Survey,. is on the basis of equal contribution.Included in this report and following this discussion is a map showingexisting and proposed stream gaging stations in North Dakota.

It will be noted on this map that in addition to the stations onwhich the state cooperates, there are a number of stations on whichfederal departments including the War Department, the U. S. Depart-ment of State, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (formerly theU. S. Biological Survey) cooperate with the U. S. Geological Survey.The interests of the War Department are involved in activities pertainingto the improvement of navigation and control of floods while theinterests of the U. S. Department of State are involved in internationalwater problems.

It is becoming more and more apparent that reliable and continuousinformation of stream flow and of water supply is highly important and


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that it is essential for the solution of many problems relating to theuse and control of waters throughout the nation and is involved inlocal, state, interstate and international projects and interests.

With the liberal 50-50 basis for cooperation offered by the UnitedStates Geological Survey, it is very much to the advantage of the stateto make its contribution as large as possible. With the granting ofadditional water rights, it is becoming increasingly more necessary toexpand our program of stream flow measurements. International andinterstate compacts are now under consideration. Others will beconsidered later. In the consideration and formulation of the provisionsof these compacts, it is most necessary that stream flow data be available.

It has been recognized for some time that throughout the nationthe need existed for rehabilitating and replacing inefficient equipmentof river gaging stations beyond the scope of funds available fromregular sources. To' take care of this need, there was obtained fromthe Public Works Administration large sums to be used for this purposein the entire nation. There was allotted for North Dakota the sumof $6,000. During the last two years there have been constructed inthe state with these funds and without state contribution, a numberof automatic recording gaging stations and needed improvements andrepairs have been made at other stations. These new recording stations,improvements and repairs contribute to a more accurate collection ofimportant basic information concerning the water supply in the State.

Data on stream flow are compiled by climatic years which beginon October 1st. The data compiled for North Dakota for the years 1938and 1939 are shown in Tables 1 to 30.

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1937 APPROPRIATIONFINANCIAL STATEMENT

ofSTATE WATER CONSERVATION COMMISSION

From December 1, 1938 to November 30, 1940INCOME

Balance Legislative Appropriation,December 1, 1938 $ 9,945.65

Application Fees 5.00Plans and Specifications, Payments 30.00Resale of Construction Supplies 139.00

$ 110,119.65Repayments from Private Projects $ 4,517.73Repayments from Rural Rehabilita-

tion Corporation 78,545.85$ 83,063.58

TOTAL INCOME $ 93,183.23EXPENSES

Chargeable ChargeableACCOUNT

to toAdministration Projects

Administrative Salaries $ 4,167.57 $ 7.20Administrative Mileage and Expense 363.08Administrative Office Equipment 108.91Administrative Office Supplies 292.47Engineering Salaries, Mileage and

Expense 1,952.43 13,945.78Engineering Office Equipment 103.26 45.77Engineering Field Equipment 18.83Engineering Office Supplies 65.22 48.25Maps (Blue Prints, Etc.) 161.38 160.37Commissioners' Per Diem 1,387.50 258.00Commissioners' Mileage and Expense 1,039.04 199.20Tri-State Per Diem and Expense 219.19Legal Service and Publications 1.25 381.81Printing and Advertising 351.02 35.60Telephone and Telegraph 364.57 99.82Missouri River Diversion 1,349.23Fieldmen (Salaries, Mileage and Ex-

pense) 852.60Projects (Materials, Supplies, Etc.) _ 61,903.71Preliminary Invest. and Research 7.00Workmen's Compensation 132.66Construction Supplies Membership in National Associations 150.00'Iiscellaneous 67.70

$ 12,295.31 $ 77,945.11TOTAL EXPENSES $_90,240.42

Balance in hands of State Treasurer November 30, 1940 $ 2,942.81

Outstanding Accounts, repayable projects No-vember 30, 1938 $ 27,247.77

Collections on Projects, above project expenseDecember 1, 1938 to November 30, 1940 5,118.47

Outstanding Accounts, November 30, 1940 $ 22,129.30


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STATE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT

Status of Budget on June 30, 1939

Present TotalItem Budget Expenditures Balance

Salary, State Engineer $ 4,400.00 $ 4,400.00 $ Clerkhire, Stenographer 1,920.00 1,920.00Postage 100.00 1.45 98.55Office Supplies 400.00 138.53 261.47Furniture & Fixtures 200.00 182.42 17.58Printing 300.00 300.00Miscellaneous 400.00 367.30 32.70Travel Expense 2,000.00 1,821.43 178.57Field Assistants 1,200.00 1,126.02 73.98Water Conservation, Irrigation and

Hydrographic Survey 3,000.00 2,886.08 113.92

TOTALS $ 13,920.00 $ 13,143.23 $ 776.77

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