THE LIFE AND WORKSOF

WINSLOW HOMER

WILLIAM HOWE DOWNES

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PORTRAIT OF WINSLOW HOMER AT THE AGEOF SEVENTY-TWO

From a photograph taken at Prouts Neck, Maine, in1908 Photogravure

DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC.NHV Y()I{~

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THE LIFE AND WORKS OFWINSLOW HOMER

William Howe DownesThis superbly illustrated biography and critical study, originally published just oneyear after Winslow Homer's death, is still considered an essential work on the artist.It combines a vividly recalled account of the events of Homer's life with aninsightful analysis of his unique approach to art. It is a rich and varied portrait of aman long considered by many to be the quintessential American artist.

Little moved by European artistic traditions, Winslow Homer painted with afreshness and clarity of vision almost wholly original, and in pursuit of that visioninvented his own uniquely American idiom. How this was achieved emergescompellingly from William Howe Downes's narrative of Homer's early days inBoston and Cambridge, his bohemian life in New York City in the 1860's, hissojourns in Virginia and Tynemouth, England, his years in Prout's Neck, Maine, andother phases of his creative life.

It is a chronicle filled with favorite Homer quotes and anecdotes that vividly evokethe artist's character and personality, and with photographs that distill for us, acentury later, some of the essence of his day-to-day life. Dozens of reproductions ofmany of Homer's most stirring celebrations of the American experience-on landand at sea, in oil, watercolor and other media-underscore the breadth of hisinterests, their distinctively American character and his extraordinary technicalmastery.

Recalling Winslow Homer's life and work so admirably and with such immediacy,this splendid book is essential reading for students and scholars of American art and,art history. A new Foreword by the well-known art historian Bennard B. Perlman '-'appraises Homer's great achievement from a late 20th-century viewpoint.

Unabridged Dover (1989) republication of the work published by the HoughtonMifflin Co., Boston, 1911.105 illustrations. New Foreword by Bennard B. Perlman.Appendix. Bibliography. Index. 416pp. 5~')(8~. Paperbound. .

ALSO AVAILABLE

WINSLOWHOMERiLLUSTRATIONS,Winslow Homer. 48pp. 8~)( 11M.24392-3Pa. $3.50

Free CompleteDoverCatalog available upon request., .- -- .-.~

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

nnrm32084493$10.95

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Foreword to the Dover Edition Copyright © 1989 by Dover Publications, Inc.All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions.

Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd.,30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario.

Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company,Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC2H 7EG.

This Dover edition, first published in 1989, is an unabridgedrepublication of the work originally published in 19I I by Houghton

Mifflin Company, Boston and New York. Some of the illustrations have beenmoved from their original positions. The Foreword to the Dover Edition was

written specially for this edition by Bennard B. Perlman.

Manufactured in the United States of AmericaDover Publications, Inc.

3 I East z nd StreetMineola, N.Y. 11501

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Downes, William Howe, 1854-194I.The life and works of Winslow Homer / William Howe Downes.

p. em.Reprint, with new introd. Originally published: Boston:

Houghton Mifflin, 19I I.Bibliography: p.

Includes index.ISBN 0-486-26074-7

I. Homer, Winslow, 1836-1910. 2. Painters-United States-Biography. L Title.

ND237.H7D6 1989759. 13-dc20

[13] 89-7722CIP

t:

FOREWORD TO THEDOVER EDITION

WHEN this volume initially appeared in 19I I, it repre-sented the first full-length study of the life and worksof Winslow Homer, whose death had occurred just

the year before. Since then virtually every other biography of theartist has cited this book among its references.

The author, William Howe Downes (r854-r941), developedan early appreciation for the art of Winslow Homer (1836- r9 IO),having once affirmed, "From my boyhood I loved his pictures."As art critic for The Boston Transcript from 1883 to 1922, Downeshad ample opportunity to write about Homer and enthusiasticallypromoted him in other ways as well. On one occasion, when theCopley Society of Boston planned a Whistler exhibit only to findthe artist uncooperative, it was Downes who suggested Homer asan alternate, providing a lengthy justification for the choice' (un-fortunately his advice was not heeded).

The artist recognized Downes's efforts, crediting him with"twenty-five years of hard work in booming my pictures," anactivity that certainly contributed to Winslow Homer's reputationand success.

Homer's art is equally appealing in subject matter, design andtechnique. Beginning with his early illustrations for Harper'sWeekly, he captured the essence of nineteenth-century rural Amer-ica's active yet unhurried life. Homer's depictions of youngstersfarming, swimming, gathering berries and just lolling about callto mind an observation in Whitman's Leaves cf Grass: "Now I seethe secret of the making of the best persons, / It is to grow in theopen air, and to eat and sleep with the earth."

APPENDIX

THE chronology of many of Winslow Homer's oil paint-ings and watercolors offers some difficulty to the cata-loguer. Some of his works are not dated. Others have

been exhibited and catalogued at various times and places underdifferent titles. Some of his watercolors either have no titles, orthe titles have been forgot by the owners, so that, in the BostonMemorial Exhibition of 191 I, some of the titles had to be ex-temporized for the occasion. The subjoined lists of the worksexhibited in many exhibitions in New York, Philadelphia, Pitts-burg, and Boston-including all the exhibitions of the NationalAcademy of Design, from 1863 to 1910, in which any of hisworks were shown, all the exhibitions of the American Water-color Society in which he was represented, and the MemorialExhibitions of 1911 in New York and Boston-contain a verylarge majority of the entire teuore of the artist, since there arebut very few of his works in either medium which did not findtheir way into some one of these exhibitions. The dates are be-lieved to be in most cases correct, but, as it has been necessary insome instances to rely upon circumstantial evidence, their exacti-tude cannot be guaranteed. In the lists of works exhibited in theNational Academy of Design, the American Watercolor Society,the Society of American Artists, and the Pennsylvania Academyof the Fine Arts, the dates given are those of the exhibitions. Inthe lists of the Clarke collection, the loan exhibition at the Carne-gie Institute at pittsburg in 1908, and the New York and BostonMemorial Exhibitions of 1911, the dates given are those of the

works themselves.

276 APPENDIX

LIST OF PICTURES BY WINSLOW HOMEREXHIBITED IN THE EXHIBITIONS OFTHE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN,NEW YORK, FROM 1863 TO 1910 ' "\

DATE TITLE

1863. The Last Goose at Yorktown.Home, Sweet Home.

I 864. In front of the Guard-house.The Briarwood Pipe.

1865. The Bright Side.Pitching Quoits.The Initials.

1866. The Brush Harrow.Prisoners from the Front.

1867. A Study.Confederate Prisoners at the Front.

1868. Picardie.The Studio.

1869. The Manchester Coast.Low Tide.

1870• White Mountain Wagon.Sketch from Nature.Mr. Adams.Sail-boat.Salem Harbor.Lobster Cove.As You Like It.Sawkill River, Pa.Eagle Head, Manchester.The White Mountains.Manners and Customs at the Seaside.

1872. The Mill.The Country School.

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(Johnston Collection.]

APPENDIX 277

DATE TITLE

1872. Crossing the Pasture.Rainy Day in Camp.Country Store.

I 8 74. School Time.Girl.Sunday Morning.Dad's Coming.

1875. Landscape.Milking Time.Course of True Love.Uncle Ned at Home.

1876. The Old Boat.Cattle Piece.Over the Hills.A Fair Wind.Foraging.

I 877' Answering the Horn.Landscape.

1878. The Watermelon Boys.The Two Guides.In the Fields.Morning.Shall I Tell Your Fortune?A Fresh Morning.

1879. Upland Cotton.Sundown.The Shepherdess of Houghton Farm.

1880. Summer.Visit from the Old Mistress.Camp Fire.Sunday Morning.

1883. The Coming Away of the Gale.1884. The Life Line.J 885. The Herring Net (or, Banks Fishermen).1886. Lost on the Grand Banks.

278 APPENDIX

DATE TITLE

,I

1887. Undertow.1888. Eight Bells.19°6. The Gulf Stream.1908. The West Wind.

Hound and Hunter.1910. Below Zero. (Spring Exhibition.)

Weather-beaten. }Camp Fire. Exhibited in memo-Sunset, Saco Bay, the Coming Storm. riam at the WinterHigh Cliff, Coast of Maine. ExhibitionThe West Wind.

LIST OF WATERCOLORS BY WINSLOWHOMER EXHIBITED AT THE EXHIBI-TIONS OF THE AMERICAN WATERCOLORSOCIETY, NEW YORK, FROM 1867 TO 1909

DATE TITLE

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1867. Study1870. Long Branch.1875. A Lazy Day.

The Changing Basket.What Is It?A Pot Fisherman.A Fisherman's Daughter.On the Fence.Fly Fishing.A Sick Chicken.A Basket of Clams.Skirting the Wheat.How Many Eggs?An Oil Prince.On the Sands.

APPENDIX 279DATE TITLE

1875. Green }\pples.A Clam Bake.Why don't the Suckers Bite?Pull Him In!Cow Boys.The Bazaar Book of Decorum.Good Morning.A Farm Team.Another Girl.The "Thaddeus of Warsaw."The City of Gloucester.Adirondacks Guides.Seven Sketches in Black-and-White.

1876. After the Bath.A Chimney Corner.The Busy Bee.A Penny for Your Thoughts.The Gardener's Daughter.A Flower for the Teacher.Contraband.Poor Luck.A Fish Story.Fiction.Furling the Jib.Study.Too Thoughtful for Her Years.A Glimpse from a Railroad Train.

1877. Book.Blackboard.Rattlesnake.Lemon.Backgammon.

1879. Husking.Fresh Air.Oak Trees with Girl.

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1879.

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APPENDIX

1881.

TITLE

Chestnut Tree.Sketch.On the Fence.Girl in a Wind.Watching Sheep.Sketch from Nature.In the Orchard.Girl on a Garden Seat.On the Hill.The Strawberry Field.Girl and Boy.Old House.A Rainy Day.October.Oak Trees.Corn.Girl, Sheep, and Basket.Girl and Boat.Willows.Girl with Half a Rake.Girl, Boat, and Boy.Gloucester, Mass. '(Winding the Clock. (Lent by Gen. F. W.Palfrey.)Something Good About This!Girl Reading.Watercolor.Clover.Girl.Eastern Point Light.Sunset.Coasters at Anchor.July Morning.Gloucester Boys.Watercolor.A Lively Time.

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1881. Bad Weather.Early Morning.Sunset.Schooners at Anchor.Ozone.' 'Field Point, Greenwich, Conn.Three Boys.The Y~~ht Hope.Fishing Boats at Anchor.

1883. Tynemouth.A Voice from the Cliff.Inside the Bar.The Incoming Tide.

1884-. The Ship's Boat." Scotch'Mist. . .s

1887. Sketch in Key West. (Lent by C. S. Homer.)Sketch in Florida. (Lent by C. S. Homer.)

1888. Tampa.-, "For to be a Farmer's Boy."

Florida. ', A Norther, Key West.

'".' Sand and, Sky.'Eels.

1891. Mending Nets.1905. Pulling in the Anchor,1906. The Turkey Buzzard.

Black Bass, Florida.Taking on Provisions.

19°9. By the North Sea." 7, Five Drawings;

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282 APPENDIX

LIST OF OIL PAINTINGS BY WINSLOWHOMER EXHIBITED AT THE EXHIBI-TIONS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA ACAD-EMY OF THE FINE ARTS, PHILADELPHIA,FROM 1888 TO 1910

REMARKSDATE TITLE

Undertow.The Fox Hunt.On the Lake.Just Caught.Afternoon.

Northeaster. !L b Th BMoonlight, Wood Island Light. e~la;kt omas •Storm-Beaten.. .Sunset, Saco Bay, the Coming Storm.The Gulf Stream.High Seas. lLent by Col. George C.The Signal of Distress. ~ BriggsNortheaster. Lent by George A. HearnFlight of Wild Geese. Lent by Mrs. R. C. LincolnEastern Point.The Unruly Calf.Early Morning, Coast of Maine.Eight Bells. Lent by E. 'T. Sto/ubllryKissing the Moon.Long Branch. Lent by R. W. l/onnobBermuda. (Watercolor.) Lent by Dr. George WoodwardHigh Cliff, Coast of Maine. Lent by William T. EvansSearchlight, Harbor Entrance, Santiago de Cuba.Early Evening. u« by Charles L. FrarRight and Left.

1888-1889.1893-1894.

J8G5-1896.

1S96-1897·1899-19°0.

19°0-19°1.19°1-19°2.

19°2-19°3.

19°3-19°4.

1905-1906.19°6-19°7.

1907-1908.19°8-19°9.19°9-1910.191Q-191I.

APPENDIX 283

LIST OF WORKS EXHIBITED BY WINSLOWHOMER IN THE EXHIBITIONS OF THESOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARTISTS, NEWYORK, FROM 1897 TO 1903

DATE TITLE

1897. Marine - Coast.The Lookout - All's Well, Lights All Up.Saco Bay..

1900. High Seas. .1901. West Point, Prout's Neck, Main'e.

Eastern Point.1902. Northeaster.1903. Early Morning.

Cannon Rock.

LIST OF·· OIL PAINTINGS AND WATER-COLORS BY WINSLOW HOMER IN THECOLLECTION OF MR. THOMAS B. CLARKEOF NEW YORK

[Non:, - Mr. Clarke's collection was sold at auction, February 14, 15, 16, and 17,1899- In this list the dates, when available, and the names of the purchasers are given,Many of the works have changed hands since 1899-]

Oil PaintingsDATE TITLE

1863. Rations.1865. The Bright Side.1876. The Visit from the Old Mistress.

The Two Guides.1877. The Carnival.

BUYER

E. cH. BernbeimerS. P. Awry, Jr.M. H, Lehman

C. J. BlairN. C. Matthews

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284 APPENDIX

DATE TITLE

1880. Camp Fire.1882? To the Rescue.1884. The Life Line.1885. The Market Scene.1886. Eight Bells.189 I. The West Wind,1892. Coast in Winter.1893. The Gale.1894. Moonlight, Wood Island Light.1896. Maine Coast.

The Lookout - All's Well.

, , WatercolorsDATE TITLE

1874. In the Garden.1881. Watching the Tempest.

Perils of the Sea.1883. 'The Breakwater.1885. The Buccaneers.1886. Under a Palm Tree.1887. Danger:'

Sea on the Bar.1890. Rowing Homeward.1891. On the Cliffs.'1892• Canoeing in the Adirondacks.

Fodder.Rise to a Fly.An Unexpected Catch.Leaping Trout.

BUYERAlexander HarrisonT. L. Manson, Jr.

G. W. ElkinsR. A. Thompson

Herman SchausSamuel Untermyer

C. ]. Blair'I'. Harsen Rhoades

Boussod, Valadon & Co.F. A. Bell

Museum if Fint Arts, Boston

BUYERF. Rockifeller

Burton MansfieldA. C. Humphreys

Emerson McMillinE. D. Page

F. RockefelltrH. Sampson

W. S. RainsfordCharles L. Freer

Thomas L. Manson, Jr.Thomas L. Manson, Jr.

]. B. MabonD. ,1. Davis

F. RockefelltrMuseum of Fine Arts, Boston

APPENDIX 285,-1/-

LIST OF WORKS IN THE LOAN EXHIBI-TION OF OIL PAINTINGS BY WINSLOWHOMER HELD AT THE CARNEGIEINSTI-TUTE, PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, INMAY AND JUNE, 1908,

.,

DATE TITLE OWNER1885. Banks Fishermen. CharlesW. Gould

The Fog Warning. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston1887. Hark, the Lark! Layton Art Gallery, Milwauku

Undertow. Edward D. Adams1891. Huntsman and Dogs. Mrs. Bancel La Farge1892• Hound and Hunter. Louis Ettlingtr1893. The Gale. Mrs. B. Ogden Chisolm

The Fox Hunt.' Pennsylvania Academy1894. The Fisher Girl. 'Burton Mansfield

High Cliff, Coast of Maine. National Gallery of Art1895. Cannon Rock. Metropolitan Museum1896. The Lookout - All's Well. MuStum of Fine Arts, Boston

Sunset, Saco Bay, The Coming Storm. Lotos ClubMaine Coast. C. J. BlairThe Two G'uides. C. J. BlairThe Wreck. Carnegie Institute

1897. Flight of Wild Geese. Mrs. R. C. LincolnA Light on the Sea. Corcoran Gallery of Art

1899. The Gulf Stream. Metropolitan MuseumSearchlight, Harbor Entrance, Santiage de Cuba.

Metropolitan MuseumRhodt Island School of Design

Charles L. Frar

1900. On a Lee Shore.1907. Early Evening. ;,

286 APPENDIX

LIST OF WORKS IN THE WINSLOW HOMERMEMORIAL EXHIBITION HELD IN THEMETROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEWYORK, FEBRUARY 6 TO MARCH 19, 1911

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Oil PaintingsDATE TITLE OWNER

1865. The Bright Side. W .. A. White1872• Snapping the Whip. Richard H. Ewart

1876. The Visit from the Old Mistress. National Gallery of Art1880. Camp .Fire. H. K. Pomroy1881-19°7. Early Evening. Charles L. Freer(".Painted in 1881 - Cut down from large picture and put in

present shape December, 19°7.")1885. Banks Fishermen (or, The Herring Net). Charles W. Gould1886. Undertow. .Edward D. Adams

Eight Bells. Edward To Stotesbury18c}o-. Coast in W inter. John G. Johnson

Sunlight on the Coast. John G. Johnson1891. West Wind. Samuel Untermeyer

1892. Hound and Hunter. Louis Ettlinger

1893. The Fox Hunt. Pennsylvania AcademyWorld's Columbian Exposition - The Fountain at Night.

C. S. Homer

1894. Moonlight, Wood Island Light. George A. HearnThe Fisher Girl. Burton Mansfield

1896. Watching the Breakers: A High Sea. Mrs. H. W. RogersSunset, Saco Bay, the Coming Storm. The Lotos ClubMaine Coast. George A. Hearn

19°4. Sunset and Moonrise (or, Kissing the Moon). Lewis A. Stimson1909. Cape Trinity,Saguenay River, Moonlight. Burton Mansfield

Right and Left. Randal Morgan1910. Shooting the Rapids, Saguenay Ri ver (Unfinished).

Charles S. Homer

APPENDIX

WatercolorsDATE TITLE

1873. Berry Pickers.Boys Wading.

1878. Shepherdess.Hillside.

1881. On the Beach, Tynemouth.Peril of the Sea.Watching the Tempest.

1882. Fishwives.Fishing Boats off Scarborough.

1883. A Voice from the Cliffs.1889. Trout.1890. Salt Kettle .:

St. John's River, Florida.1892• Sketch for Hound and Hunter.1898. Turtle Pound.

Natural Bridge, Nassau.Palm Tree, Nassau.Tornado, Bahamas.A Wall, Nassau.

1899. Bermuda.Flower Garden and Bungalow.Shore and Surf, Nassau.The Bather.

. Sloop, Bermuda.1900. The Pioneer.1903. Taking on Wet Provisions.

Fishing Boats, Key West.1904· Homosassa, Florida.

287

OWNER

Mrs. Lawson ValentineMrs. Lawson ValentineMrs. Lawson Valentin«Mrs. Lawson Valentine

Charles S. HomerAlexander C. Humphreys

Burton MansfieldCharles S. Homer

Akxander.~ l>rakeAkxander ~ Drake

Charles S. HomerCharles S. HomerCharles S. HomerCharles S. Homer

Hamilton FieldMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan MuuumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan. MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetr~politan MuseumMetropolitan MuseumMetropolitan Museum

Charles S. Homer

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288 APPENDIX

LIST OF WORKS IN THE WINSLOW HOMERMEMORIAL EXHIBITION HELD IN THEMUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON, FEB-RUARY 7 TO MARCH 1, 1911 '

Oil Paintings,DATE TITLE

1865. Zouaves Pitching Quoits.1869. Mount Washington.

Study.1885. (The Fog Warning.1891.' Huntsman and Dogs.1896. The Lookout - All's Well.

1897._ Flight of Wild Geese.1900. On a Lee Shore.

WatercolorsDATE TITLE

1878. On the Fence.Sketch.

1879. Girl with Letter.Going Berrying.

1880: Children Wading at Gloucester.Children and Sail-boat.Sailing Dories.The Green Dory.

, Gloucester Harbor.1881. Wreck off the English Coast.

Three Fishermen and Girl.Fishermen's Wives.Mouth of the Tyne, EnglandFisherwomen, English Coast.

1882. Tynemouth Boats.An After-glow.

z OWNER

Frederic H. CurtissMrs. W. H. S. Pearce

>, • Arthur ,B. HomerMuseum of Fine Arts

Mrs. Bancel La FargeMuseum of Fine Arts

Mrs. Roland C. LincolnRhode Island School of Design

, '

OWNER

William H. DrnunesHenry Sayles

Edward Hooper estate. Horace D. Chapin

Edward Hooper estateMrs. Greely S. Curtis'Edward Hooper estate

Dr. Arthur 'T. CabotEdward Hooper estate

Edward Hooper EstateJohn 'T. Morse, Jr.John 'T. Morse, Jr.

Arthur B. HomerEdward Hooper estateGrenville H. Norcross

William P. Blake

APPENDIX 289

DATE TITLE OWNER

Mrs. Samuel CabotMuseum of Fine Arts

Horace D. ChapinRoger Warner

The Dunes.Scotch Fishwomen.Returning Fishing Boat.Storm on the' English Coast.

(Painted atFlamborough Head.]Landscape and Lake. "" Arthur B. Homer

1885. Bahamas. _Edward Hooper. estate1885? The Road in Nassau. ' ' William P. Blake

Diver, Nassau. Mrs. Greely S. CurtisSpanish Club, Santiago de Cuba. Mrs. C. A. CoolidgeStreet in Santiago de Cuba Mrs. Robert OsgoodCustom House, Santiago de Cuba Roger Warner

1887 . .In a Corn-field. Edward Hooper estate1889. Deer in Canada Woods. Edward Hooper estate1892• Adirondacks. Edward Hooper estate

In the Adirondacks... Mrs. S. D. WarrenSurf at Prout's Neck. Mrs. Orlando H. AlfordMen in Canoe. Clement S. HoughtonIndian Camp. Museum of Fine Arts

(" Montagnais Indians, Point Bleue, Quebec.")Trout Fishing. Museum of Fine ArtsMarine. ]. Reed Whipple (5 Co.Leaping Trout. Museum of Fine Arts

1897. Men in a Canoe. Mrs. A. S. BigelrnuGuide. William P. Blake

? Ouananiche Fishing in Lake St. John. H. O. UnderwoodThree Men in a Canoe. Mrs. James M. LongyearMountain and Sky. W. S. BigtlrnuLumberman. e: S. BigelowOuananiche, St. John River. Hollis FrenchWild Ducks. Mrs. Arthur H. SargentFishing. Frederic H. CurtissShooting Rapids. Mrs. ]. J. Storrma

1902. Canoes in Rapids. Mrs. Orlando H. AlfordScene in the Adirondacks. Dr. A. Coolidge, Jr.

1882.1883.

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1894.1895.

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DATE TITLE OWNER

Greely S. CurtisDesmond FitzGerald

Arthur B. Homer

1902. Palms in a Storm, Key West.1907. The Portage.

Cliffs at Prout's Neck.::

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Black-and-White DrawingsDATE TITLE OWNER

1879. Boy with a Stick. Mrs. Robert OsgoodBoy with Scythe. Horace D. ChapinBoys Swimming. Horace D. Chapin

188o. Gloucester Harbor. Horace D. Chapin1881. Wreck.. Roger Warner

("Wreck of the Iron Crown, Tynemouth, October 25,1881.")Sketch. ' Edward W. ForbesFisherwomen, English Coast. Roger Warner

1882. Fisherwomen. William H. DownesFishing Vessels off Rocks. Roger Warner

1884. Woman in Storm. Francis H; LeeIIIII

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANONYMOUS. An unsigned paper on Winslow Homer and F. A.Bridgman, in the Art Journal, London, August, 1878. Americanedition, pp. 225-227. " '

ANONYMOUS.,Descriptive Catalogue of the Loan Exhibition ofPaintings by wiilsl~~. Homer at the Metropolitan Museum ofArt. New York: 19rI. 53 pages. " "

ANONYMOUS. "Great Painters of the Ocean." Curr~nt Lit-erature, ~ew York, voL 45, pp. 54-57,

ANONYMOUS.' "Winslow Homer." 'The Outlook, New York,October 15, 1910, pp. 338-339' ,', '

BRINTON, CHRISTIAN. "Winslow Homer." Scribner's Maga-zine, January, 191 I, pp. 9-23. ,13 illustrations.

,CA~;IN, CHAR!-ES H. American Masters of Paint~ng (NewYork: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1906), pp. 71-80.

CAFFIN, CHARLES H. Story of American Painting (New York:'1907), pp. 233-236•

CAFFIN, CHARLES H. "Winslow Homer's Mari~e .Paintings."'The Critic, New York, vol. 43, p. 548. '

CHAMPLIN & PE~KINS. Cyclopedia of 'Painters and, Paintings.(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886), vol. 2, p. 285.

CHASE, J. EASTMAN., "Some Recollections of Winslow Homer."Ha;per'~ Weekly, New York, October' 22, 1910, p. 'i3' ,

CLEMENT & Hu~oN. Artists of the. Nineteenth' 'Century < and'Their Works (Boston: Houghton, Miffiin & Co., '1880), vol. I,pp. 362-363. '

'COBURN, F:W. '" Winslow Homer's Fog Warning." NewEngland Magazine, 1908; New Series, voL38, pp. 6i6-617'

, COFFIN, WILLiAM A. "A Painter of the Sea." Century Maga-zine, September, 1899, pp. 651-654.

COLE, W. W~ "Crayon Studies, by Winslow Horner." Brushand Pencil, Chicago, January, 1903, pp. 271-276.

lI

BIBLIOGRAPHY294

Cox, KENYON. "Three Pictures by Winslow Homer in theMetropolitan Museum." The Burlington Magazine, London, No-vember, 1907, pp. 123-124.

DOWNES, WILLIAM HOWE. Twelve Great Artists (Boston:Little, Brown & Co., 1900), pp. 1°3-125.

DOWNES, WILLIAM HOWE. "American Paintings in the Bos-ton Art Museum." Brush and Pencil, Chicago, August, 19°°,pp. 202-2°4·

FOWLER, FRANK. "An Exponent of Design in Painting."Scribner's Magazine, New York, May, 1903, pp. 638-640.

HARTMANN, SADAKICHI. A History of American Art (Boston,L. C. Page & Co., 1902), vol. 1, pp. 189-200.

HEARN, GEORGEA. The George A. Hearn Gift to the Metro-pplitan Museum of Art in the City of New Yor]:in the rear MCMf/I(New York, 1906), pp. 191-197.

HIND, C. LEWIS. "American Paintings in Germany." TheInternational Studio, September, 1910, p. 189.

HOEBER, ARTHUR. "Winslow Homer, a Painter of theSea." The World's Work, New York, February, 191 I; pp. 14009-1-4.0 17·. HOWARD, W. STANTON. "\Vinslow Homer's Northeaster."Harper's Magazine, New York, March, 1910, pp. 574-575.

ISHAM, SAMUEL. The History of American Painting (New York:The Macmillan Company, 1905), pp. 350-358, 408,461, 462,472,475,500,501,510.

MCSPADDEN, J. WALKER. Famous Painters of America (NewYork: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1907), pp. 169-189.

MECHLIN, LEILA. "Winslow Homer." The InternationalStudio, June, 1908, pp. cxx~-cxxxvi.

MECHLlN, LEILA. "Winslow Homer." The Review of Re-views, July, 1908. (A condensation of the foregoing article.)

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