Office automatino

8/11/2019 Office automatino

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OFFICE AUTOMATION

OFFICE AUTOMATION

The embedded system is a combination of hardware, software and additional mechanical parts designed to

perform a specific function. A good example is the ROAD TRAFFI !"!T#$. %ere the traffic signal changes

periodically according to a predetermined program that is fed into the I . !o an embedded system is designed to

do a specific tas& with in a gi'en time repeatedly, endlessly and with or without human inter'ention.

The pro(ect 'OFFICE AUTOMATION' is based on embedded technology that uses MICROCHIP'S

PIC MICROCONTROLLER, PIC16F877 This has 'ery much influence in industrial application. The chip is

programmed according to the re)uirement of the user. *rogram coding is done using assembly language.

Microchip +s Inte r!te" #e$e%op&ent En$iron&ent MPLA is used to simulate and assemble the written

code.

ew millennium gi'es importance to 'arious ad'anced automation technologies in 'arious phases of

human life. The OFFICE AUTOMATION S(STEM is a uni)ue 'enture, which gi'es a complete automation

and security for an office building. It not only automates 'arious utilities but also sa'es a good amount of

con'entional electrical energy by switching off the electrical appliances, which is not effecti'ely utili-ed. The

e)uipment allows automation for doors, fan and lighting de'ices. !o the main concern of this pro(ect is

conser'ation of the con'entional electrical energy and its efficient usage and pro'ides security of the office.

It monitors an authori-ed entry to the office with real time sur'eillance system. Acti'e IR sensors sense

the entering or lea'ing of persons to the office or from the office. An intelligent display gi'es the current count

of the persons inside the office. nwanted use of electrical e)uipments are monitored and controlled by sensors.

Once the system is installed there is no need of any human interface except for the password entry. This reduces

the chance of unauthori-ed entry and theft./y using the micro controller the hardware expense is reduced. It is 'ery simple to install and easy to

maintain. This system is highly reliable, cost effecti'e and compact in si-e. All these ha'e been enhanced by the

use of micro controller.


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CONTENTS

I) A STRACT

0. FLO* CHART

1. A OUT PIC+THE RAIN OF THE S(STEM

2. *H( PIC IS USE#

3. A OUT PIC 16F87

4. S(STEM FEATURES

5. PRO-RAM

67. CIRCUIT #IA-RAM

II) #ATASHEET

68. CONCLUSION

69. I LIO-RAPH(

A STRACT

ew millennium gi'es importance to 'arious ad'anced automationtechnologies in 'arious phases of human life. The automatic office managementsystem is a uni)ue 'enture, which gi'es a complete automation and security for anyoffice building. It not only automates 'arious utilities but also sa'es a good amountof power by switching off electrical appliances, which is not effecti'ely utili-ed.The e)uipment allows automation for doors, fan and lighting de'ices.

It monitors unauthori-ed entry to the office with real time sur'eillance entryto the office with real:time arbitration process, allows precision and error free

8. I TROD TIO

9. /;O < DIA=RA$


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sensing of instructions. An intelligent display gi'es the current count of the peopleinside the office. nwanted use of electrical e)uipments are monitored andcontrolled by built in light.


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INTRO#UCTION

The new millennium gi'es top priority for energy management and effecti'eutili-ation of generated electrical power. It is studied that more than 07> of thetotal electrical power generated is wasted due to improper monitoring or consumption. As we see in most of the offices most of the electrical appliances li&efan, lights will be left O from day brea& to e'ening e'en if the personnel+s are notin the infra red seta. It becomes difficult for them to switch it O or OFF all theappliances before they lea'e or enter the office. As a result a huge amount of energyis wasted. $oreo'er the need ensuring security is recei'ing a 'ital importance inour day:to:day life. It is essential to ensure security in factories, ban&s, andconfidential areas of research centers, power plants etc /ut now in these areas thetas& of maintaining security has become an enormous technological challenge. This

pro(ect pro'ides efficient security and a'oids the chance of unauthori-ed entry.

The office management system is a o'ell networ&, which considers theabo'e concepts and monitors inefficient use of electrical energy using embeddedsystems. #mbedded system is one of the fast emerging trends in our day:to:day life,

which has been gi'en more importance and popularity since the past decade or two.It has ta&en into 'arious fields of life. It ranges from small toys to sophisticatedcontrol and functioning of machines. #mbedded system is basically a combinationof hardware and software systems. Depending on the input recei'ed we can controlor operate different output de'ices with the help of software written on to thesystem depending on our needs. These programs can then be upgraded for morefunctioning which will be needed later.

. ?ith the help of an embedded system here a design for an officemanagement is being de'eloped. The main concern of the pro(ect

is conser'ation of the con'entional electrical energy and its efficient usageand pro'ides security of the office. The core of the system is a flash memory

programmed micro controller. The system


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employs a 'ariety of sensors, which are used to measure the different parametersinside the office, and they pro'ide the information to the micro controller. Thesystem pro'ides a 'ariety of sensors, which are used to measure the different

parameters inside the office and they the information to the micro controller throughtheir corresponding hardware. $ain steps of the sensors used are for sensing theluminance, temperature, presence of occupants etc, depending on the status obtainedfrom the sensors the micro controller decides to switch OFF . the electricale)uipments li&e fans, lights, when they are not needed as they are pre:programmedon the micro controller. It also guards one office complex against unattached entries

and causalities li&e fire.All the sensors are suitably calibrated and gi'e signals to the microcontroller, which uses intelligence to control different de'ices. The entry is password

protected. The programmed password is stored in ##*RO$ @non:'olatile memory ,which preser'es the data when the system is un:powered. Once the system isinstalled there is no need of any human interface except for the password entry. Thisreduces the chance of unauthori-ed entry. This reduces the chance of unauthori-edentry and theft.

7 SEGMENT DISPLAYKEYBOARD

LDR DRIVER FAN

DRIVERLIGHT

IR SENSOR 2

THERMISTOR

LOC. #IA-RAM

PIC16F877IR SENSOR 1


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FEATURES

B The system conser'es con'entional electrical energy.

B *ro'ides security for the office.

B This system reduces the chance of unauthori-ed entry to the office and theft.

B Acti'e IR sensors allow precision and error free sensing.

B An intelligent display gi'es the current count of the persons inside the office.

B nwanted use of electrical e)uipments are monitored and controlled by sensors.

B !ystem offers password protection.

B A 0x0 &eyboard is used for entering password.

B It is simple to install and easy to maintain.

B This system is highly reliable and cost effecti'e.


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STU#( OF PIC MICROCONTROLLER

*I micro de'ices are grouped by the si-e of their instruction word. Thethree current *I micro families areC

/ase:;ine C 68:bit instruction word length $id:Range C 60:bit instruction word length %igh:#nd C62:bit instruction word length

D# I # !TR T R#

#ach part of a de'ice can placed into one of three groupsC

6. ore8. *eripherals9. !pecial Features

T%# OR#

The core pertains to the basic features that are re)uired to ma&e thede'ice operate. These includes6. De'ice Oscillator 8. Reset ;ogic9. * @ entral *rocessing nit0. A; @Arithmetic ;ogic nit1. De'ice memory map organi-ation2. Interrupt Operation3. Instruction set re'ision


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: 5 :

*#RI*%#RA;!*eripherals are the features that add a differentiation from a microprocessor.

These ease in interfacing to the external world @such as general purpose IEO,; D dri'ers, AED inputs, and *?$ outputs ,and internal tas&s such as &eepingdifferent time bases@such as timers .The peripherals areC

6. TI$#RO8. TI$#R 69. TI$#R80. AD1. IEO *ORT!2. !ART3. *

!*# IA; F#AT R#!

!pecial features are the uni)ue features that help to decrease system costor increase system reliability or increase system flexibility. The *Imicrocontrollers offer se'eral features that help to achie'e these goals. The

special features discussed areC

6. De'ice configuration bits8. On:chip *ower:On Reset@*OR9. /rown:Out Reset@/OR ;O=I0. ?atchdog timer 1. ;ow power mode @sleep mode


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VDD

MCLR "

INTERNAL PGR

PWR

PWRT TIME-O-UT

OSTTIME-OUT

INTERNAL RESET

OSCILLATOR

The internal oscillator circuit is used to generate the de'ice cloc&. The de'icecloc& is re)uired for the de'ice to execute instructions and for the peripherals to function.Four de'ice cloc& periods generate one internal cloc& cycle. There are up to eight differentmodes which the oscillator may ha'e. There are two modes which allows the selection of theinternal R oscillator cloc& out @ ;< O T to be dri'en on an IEO pin, or allow that IEO pin

to be used for a general purpose function. The oscillator mode is selected by the de'iceconfiguration bits. The de'ice configuration bits are non'olatile memory locations and theoperating mode is determined by the 'alue written during de'ice programming. Theoscillator modes areC

6 ;* ;ow fre)uency @*ower rystal8 T rystal E Resonator 9 %! %igh !peed rystal E Resonator

0 R #xternal Resistor E apacitor @same as # TR with ;


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: 6 6 :

IR*CRegister

/an& !elect/it @used for indirect

lH/an& 8, 9 @lOOh:lFFh

7H/an& 7, 6 @lOOh:FFhFor de'ices with only /an& 7 and /an& 6 the IR* bit is reser'ed,

always maintains this clear

/it 2C 1addressing

R*6C R*OC Register /an& !elect /its @used for direct

6 6 H /an& 9 @647h:lFFh 6 7 H/an&8@677h:63Fh 7 6 H /an& 6@47h:FFh 7 7 H /an& 7 @77h:3Fh

#ach ban& is 684 bytes. For de'ices with only /an& 7 and /an&6 the IR* bits is reser'ed, always maintain this bit clear.

/it 0

instruction

TOC Time:Out bit

6 H after power up, ;R?DT instruction or sleep 7 H A

?DT time out occurred.

/it 9 *DC *oer:Down bit6 H after power up or by the ;R?DT instruction.


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: 5 :7 H by execution of the !;##* instruction.

/it 8

-ero.

GC Gero bit6 H the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is -ero. 7 - theresult of an arithmetic or logic operation is not

/it 6 D C Digit carry E /orrow bit@ADD?F, ADD;?, ! /?F, ! /;? instructions @for borrow the

polarity is reser'ed6 H A carry out from the 0 th low order bit of the occurred. 7 H ocarry out from the 0 th low order bit of the result.

/itO C arry E /orrow bit @ADD?F, ADD;?, ! /?F, ! /;?instructions6 H A carry out from the most significant bit of the result occurred.7 H o carry out from the most significant bit of the result occurred@means the result is negati'e

ARCHITECTUREThe high performance of the *I micro de'ices can be attributed to a number ofarchitectural features commonly found in RI! microprocessors.

6 %ardware architecture8 ;ong word instructions9 !ingle word instructions0 !ingle cycle instruction1 Instruction pipelining2 Reduced instruction set3 Register file architecture4 Orthogonal @symmetric instructions


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13

OPTION RE- RE-ISTER The O*TIO R#= register is a readable and writable register which

contains 'arious control bits to configure the T$RO E ?DT prescalar ,the external I Tinterrupt ,T$R7 ,and the wea& pull:ups on *ORT /.

RE?:lRE?:l

RE?: RE?: RE?: RE?:l RE?: RE?:

/it 7R/* C *ORT / *ull: p #nable bit 6 H*ORT / pull ups are disabled7 H *ORT / pull ups are enabled by indi'idual port latch

'alues

/it 2 I T#D=C Interrupt #dge !elect bit 6 HInterrupt on rising edge of I T pin

7 H Interrupt on falling edge of I T pin

/it 1 TO !C T$RO cloc& !ource !elect bit6 H Transition on TO


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/it 0 TO!#C T$RO !ource #dge !elect bit6 H Increment on high:to0ow transition on TO


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15

located in the !TAT ! register @!TAT ! K3C1B .The entire data memory can be accessedeither directly or indirectly. Direct addressing may re)uire the use of the R*6CR*7 bits.Indirect addressing uses the Indirect Register *ointer @IR* bit of the !TAT ! register for accesses in the /an& OE/an& 6 or the /an& 8E/an& 9 areas of data memory.

AN.IN-

The data memory is partitioned into four ban&s. #ach ban& contains =*Rs and!FRs. !witching between these ban&s re)uires the R*O and R*6 bits in the !TAT ! register to be configured for each ban& extends up to 3Fh @684 bytes .The lower locations of each

ban& are reser'ed for the

!FRs. Abo'e the !pecial Function Registers are the =eneral *urpose Registers. All datamemory is implemented as static RA$. !ome high use !FRs from /an& 7 are mirrored inthe other ban&s for core reduction and )uic&er access.

PORTS

=eneral purpose IEO pins can be considered the simplest of peripherals. Theyallow the *I to monitor and control other de'ices. To add flexibility and functionality toa de'ice, some pins are multiplexed with an alternate function@s .In general when a

peripheral is functioning, that pin may not be used as a general purpose IEO pin. For most ports ,the IEO pin+s direction @input or output is controlled by the data direction register ,called TRI! register .TRI! KxB controls the direction of *ORTKxB .A +6+ in the TRI! bitcorresponds to that pin being an input .while a +7+ corresponds to that pin being an output.The *ORT registers are the latch for the data to be output. ?hen the *ORT is read, the

de'ice reads the le'els present on the IEO pins.

PORT A !n" TRISA RE-ISTER

The RA0 pin is a !chmitt Trigger input and an open drain output. All other RA port pins ha'e TT; input le'els and full $O! output dri'ers. All pins ha'e datadirection bits @TRI! register which can configures these pins as output or input. !etting aTRI!A register bit puts the corresponding output dri'er in a high impedance mode.

learing bit in the TRI!A register puts the contents of the output latch on the selected pin@s .

PORT !n" the TRIS RE-ISTER

*ORT/ is an 4:bit wide bidirectional port. The corresponding data directionregister is TRI!/. !etting a bit in the TRI!/ register puts the corresponding output dri'er in a high impedance input mode. learing a bit in the TRI!/ register puts the contents of the output latch on the selected pin@s .

PORTC !n" the TRISC RE-ISTER


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*ORT is an 4:bit bidirectional port. #ach pin is indi'idually configurable asan input or output through the TRI! register. *ORT pins ha'e !chmitt Trigger input

buffers. ?hen enabling peripheral functions, care should be ta&en in defining TRI! bitsfor each *ORT pins. !ome peripherals o'erride the TRI! bit to ma&e a pin an input.

PORT# !n" the TRIS# RE-ISTER

*ORTD is an 4:bit bidirectional port. #ach pin is indi'idually configurable asan input or output through the TRI!D register.

PORTE !n" the TRISE RE-ISTER

*ORTD is an 4:bit bidirectional port. #ach pin is indi'idually configurable as an

input or output through the TRI!# register.

PRO-RAMMA LE INTERFACE CONTROLLER 0PIC1

*H( PIC IS USE#

SPEE#2

?hen operated at its maximum cloc& rate, a *I executes most of itsinstructions in .8 micro seconds or 1 instructions per microseconds.

HI-H PERFORMANCE RISC CPU

INSTRUCTION SET SIMPLICIT(The instruction set consists of (ust 91 instructions.

INTE-RATION OF OPERATIONAL FEATURES

*ower on reset and brown out protection ensure that the chip operates only whenthe supply 'oltage is within specificationL a watchdog timer resets the *I if the chip e'er malfunctions and de'iates from its normal operation. Any one of four cloc& options can

be supported, including a low cost R oscillator and a high accuracy crystal oscillator.


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17

PRO-RAMMA LE TIMER OPTIONS2

Three 'ersatile timers can be characteri-ed inputs, control outputs and pro'ideinternal timing for program executions.

INTERRUPT CONTROL2

ptol8 independent interrupt sources, which can pro'ide useful interrupting as

when needed.

EPROM 3OTP 3ROM OPTIONS2

ltra'iolet erasable, programmable parts support de'elopment. /oth small andlower cost one time programmable parts supports large production runs.

IN ULT MO#ULES2

The *I microcontroller has a number of inbuilt modules such as AD , !ARTthat increases 'ersatility of micro controller.

LO* POER CONSUMPTION2

*I#E OPERATIN- 4OLTA-E RAN-E2 8.1 TO 2.7 4

PRO-RAMMA LE CO#E PROTECTION MO#E2

PO*ER SA4IN- SLEEP MO#E2

PIC16F87+++++++++++++++++

6. %igh *erformance *

8. Only 91 Instructions9. All single cycle instructions expect program branches operating speed C D 87$%- ,cloc& inputC D 877ns instruction cycle

0. p to 4< J 60 words of flash program memory p to924 J 4 bytes of data memory @RA$ p to 812 J 4

bytes of ##*RO$ data memory1. *in out compatible to the *I 62 39/E30/E32E332. Interrupt compatibility @up to 60 sources3. *ower:on reset @*OR4. *ower:up timer @*?RT and oscillator startup timer @O!T5. ?atch dog timer @?DT with its own on:chip oscillator for reliable operation.


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PIN OUT OF PIC16F877A

PDIP

MCLR/Vpp/

THV RAO/AN 0

RA1/AN1

RA2/AN2/Vref-

RA3/AtJ3Mef +

RA4/T0CKI

RA /AN4/!!

R"0/RD/AN

R"1/#R/AN

$

R"2/C!/AN

%

V&&

V''

0!C1/CLKIN

0!C2/CLK0(T

RCM10!0/T1CKI )

RC1/T10!I-/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/!CK*/!CL

RDO/P!PO

RD1/P!P1

PIC16F877


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Another sensor used in this system is ;DR, which detects the illumination in a particular area. In presence of light the resistance of the sensor goes into a range of megaohms. In the absence of light the resistance of the sensor falls to a few ohms therebychanging the conducti'ity of current. The ;DR is suitably calibrated such a way that if the luminance inside the room is below a specified 'alue it gi'es out a signal to themicrocontroller, which ta&es the decision +put O the light+.

RELA(S

Relays are used here as dri'er for the different electrical appliances so as to ma&ethe de'ice O or OFF. The help of relays can pro'ide sufficient amount of isolation for the system from the line 'oltage. !ince the microcontroller cannot directly pro'idesufficient dri'e to the relays 68' supplies are used for dri'ing he relays..E( OAR#

This is the only human machine interface of the system. The &eyboard is normallya 9J0 matrix type. ormally a telephone &eypad is used. The &eypad has an electroniccircuitry to determine which &ey is pressed. Then a standard 4:bit code is generated andsends to the *I . Detecting which &ey is pressed and generating the corresponding codeis &nown as encoding. %ere it is used for the password entry and it+s editing.

#ISPLA(

This system uses three segment dynamic displays for displaying the number of persons inside the room in the run mode. ?hene'er the infrared rays are cut which detectan entry or exit it gi'es the signal the signal to the microcontroller, which in turndecrements a register. This count is con'erted to decimal format by the subroutine and isdisplayed on to the displays.

IN#ICATIONS

I! A; I DI ATIO !

There are fi'e different ;#Ds.

6.


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.E( OAR#


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- 2 3 -

figC se'en segment display

The segments are named from a to g in the manner shown in figure and it is possible todisplay any number from 7 to 5 or alphabetic character from A to F by acti'ating thesignals to 'arious combinations to produce a one, segments b and c are energi-edL to

produce a 8 ,segments a, b, g, e, and d are use dL and so on

One common type of se'en segment display consists of ;#Ds .#ach segment is an ;#Dthat emits light when current flows through it. There are two types of displays a'ailable :common anode arrangement and common anode arrangement. ommon anodearrangement re)uires a dri'ing circuit to pro'ide a ;O? le'el 'oltage in order to acti'atea gi'en segment. ?hen a ;O? is applied to a segment input, the ;#D is forward biasedand current flows through it.

The common cathode arrangement re)uires a dri'ing circuit to pro'ide a high le'el'oltage in order to acti'ate a gi'en segment. ?hen a %I=% is applied to a segment input ,the ;#D is forward biased and current flows through it.

figC common cathode internal wiring


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Lect5re 7) #i it!% #i p%!

Binary num !r ar! n!#! ary$ u% &!ry 'ar( %) r!a( )r in%!r*r!%+ W'a% i

a&ai,a ,! %) (i *,ay inary %) (!#ima, in )rma%i)n. A seven se!"en#

L$E$D$ %&s'()*$

A !&!n- !/m!n% (i *,ay may 'a&! 3, 4, )r 5 ,!a( )n %'! #'i*+ U ua,,y ,!a( 4 an( 5ar! (!#ima, *)in% + T'! i/ur! !,)0 i a %y*i#a, #)m*)n!n% an( *in ,ay)u% )r a !&!n

!/m!n% (i *,ay+

r-c $s DA.

1 frf

-a .::r

PIN ASSIGNMENT

+,-(&.1/N(0( 37' 4) % 5 +i ! r

3 SEGMENT 4ISPLA

T'! ,i/'% !mi%%in/ (i)(! in a !&!n- !/m!n% (i *,ay ar! arran/!( in %'! i/ur! !,)0+


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6

A

4IO4E PLACEMENT IN A SE EN SEGMENT 4ISPLA $ NO 4ECIMAL

T'!r! ar! %0) %y*! ) (i *,ay a&ai,a ,!$ #)mm)n an)(! an( #)mm)n #a%')(!+ T'!0irin/ )r a #)mm)n an)(! i ')0n !,)0+

1

COMMON ANO4E INTERNAL WIRING


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T'! %ru%' %a ,! ')0n !,)0 i u !( %) #)n irm %'a% %'! (i/i%a, i/na, !n% %) %'!(i *,ay ,i/'% u* %'! #)rr!#% !/m!n%+

TRUT8 TABI9

In*u% Ou%*u%

LE BI LT 4 c B A a # ( a 9 4i *,ay: : ; : : : : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; 1 1 ; ; ; ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; ;; 1 1 ; ; ; 1 ; 6 1 ; ; ; ; 1

; 1 1 ; ; 1 6 1 1 1 1 ; ; 6 2; 1 1 ; ; 1 1 6 1 1 1 ; ; 6 3; 1 1 ; 1 ; ; ; 6 1 ; ; 1 6; 1 6 ; 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 1 5; 1 1i ; 1 1 ; ; ; 6 1 1 1 1 ?; 1 A ; 6 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; ; ; 7; 1 1 1 ; ; ; % 1 ! 1 1 1 6

; 1 % 1 ; 1 1 ; ; ? ; ; ; ; B,an>

; 1 I 1 1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; B,an>; 1 1 1 1 ; 1 ; ; ; ; ; ; % B,an>; 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; B,an>; 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; ; ; ; G ; B,an>1 1 1 : : : : 5

: - 4)i %Car!4!*!n# u*)n %'! BC4 #)(! *r!&i)u ,y a**,i!( 0'!n IE 0

TR T% TA/;# FOR T%# !# # :!#=$# T DI!*;A" The internal

circuitry and logic gates for the display is shown below.

INTERNAL CIRCUITR AN4 LOGIC GATES 9OR 7 !#= DI!*;A"


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T'! 0irin/ )r %'! #)mm)n #a%')(! i ')0n !,)0+

X

COMMON CAT8O4E INTERNAL WIRING

T) #)n&!r% %'! inary num !r %) i/na, %'a% #an (ri&! %'! L+E+4+ in %'! (i *,ay y)un!!( a (i *,ay (ri&!r+ In %'! ,a 0! u ! an MC1 51 6 #'i*+ T'! *in)u% ar! ')0n !,)0+

U 1 7

B ##C LT /B, aLE4

# A (GN4 !

MC60166

PINOUTS 9OR T8E MC1 511 SE EN-SEGMENT 4ISPLA 4RI ER

A$ B$ C$ an($ 4 ar! %'! inary in*u% +a$ $ #$ ($ !$ $ an( / ar! %'! (ri&!r i/na, %) %'! (i *,ay !,!m!n% + LT i %'! Li/'%T! % #)n%r),$ %urn a,, !/m!n% )n$ a#%i&! ,)0+ BL ,an> a,, %'! !/m!n% 0'!na#%i&a%!($ a#%i&! ,)0+ LE i %'! ,a%#' !na ,! #)n%r),+

1 6 9 1 :4- +-1 ;, f.

MB......:

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