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HYDRAULICS BRANCH
OFFICIAL FILE COPY
********** � * ** * ********** * * * UNITED STATES * * DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR * * BUREAU OF RECLAMATION * * * * - - - * * * * Technical Memorandum No. 333 * i'r * * - - - * * �-* HYDRAULIC LABORATORY REPORT HYD. lo5 * * * * - - - * * i:-* EXPERlMENTS ON CALIBRATION OF OWYHEE * * TUNNEL NO. 1 VENTURI METER-FLUME * * * * By * * * * JACOB E. WARNOCK, ASSOCIATE ENGINEER * * * i� - - - * * * * Fort Collins, Colorado * * April 15, 1933 * * * * * * ************************
Page 2
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UNIT3D STATES
DEP l1RT1.!ENT O:J' T!I2 I1fl1EIOR
BUIGAU OF R�CLAMATIQl;
tiyd l.S
M?MOR .. 'LtTDu1,.! TO CHIEF D3:SIG:1L1G ZNGINEER
StJ13JECT: �:C:l?H'S ON CALIBRATION OF m7YHEE TUNNEL 1m. 1
VENTt1U METER-FLUME
(PBICI ts.10)
By JACOB E. WABNOCI�, .!\BSOCIATE Ei�GINEER
I fR
11h
Under direction of
E. f,'. LUC, RE�CH ENGil�
TECE!CTCAL MEll>RANDUM No. 333
Fort Collins, Colorado
April 15, 1933
Page 3
_)
·,
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C7""f:YCP3IS
� portion. ot the water stored in the Owyhee Reservoir will
be diverted through Tunnel Uo. 1, thence through Tunnel li'o. 5 and in
ter a hi-gh-lina irri,:;ation distribution system for use in the snake
River Valley, ·ro rieasure tho discharge throUe;h Tunnel No. 1 with
various elevations of the reservoir, a measuring device hos been built
· into tho regulating head.works near the intake. This device, while
neither strictly a Venturi meter nor a Venturi flume, has character
istics of both and will have the flow conditions of either depending
upon the elevation of �he water surface in the reservoir, the amount
of gate opening and tho quantity ot discharge.
As a means of determining the laws or flow for the measur
ing device and to obtain data for construction of discharge diagrams
and tables, hydraulic model testv were made by the u. s. Bm-eau ot
Reclamation in the hydraulic laboratory of the Colorado Agricultural
College, Fort Collins, Colorado.
The discharge data obtained from the model v:as applied to
tho prototype by the laws of hydraulic similitude as outlined by
Chick.*
:Y. Transference �quations, .ilton c. Chick, F.i-eeman 1s "Eydraulic Laboratory Practice," page 799.
1
Page 4
�
'
1ttt,ttltltNClt OltAWINGS
Tro,>, RocJr ont1 Porlel - -- ---Klnlurl - 6'111 ond 71tnntf S#r;l,on1 MJnhlN - GM 5«1,_ · ...,, and,,,..,.,,., AP,"9 5afw Hohl Chamber - Shttf'I o,,.r./i"9 1/ouH ..,-. ll'4'C-- tlflt/ llwlulot,,,q Galn·Catlro/ Plp,"9 £1«:lncol l.lyoul · r;_rol Arro"9""tnl Cl«lrit:»I 1.#youl · 0,Jo,11 4<r • ll'-'1' em.rv,ncy and flw/ulalin9 Goin· A,,cmbly -..,.h,rl A*lr ,,,.....,,., R1n91·AJ#fflbliu - Dllr1tl•
MID .....,. -,rfoc. £1 lf10 o
T•ASM RACK
VENTURI SECTION
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_________ _________ ., ________________________ A 1·,ur .__,.. -...14 -.,a !-9! ..,...,.,•1• 1a.•LI I',, I _ __J
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'
MEV MAP
T.ft .. ..... .
G£NERA L PLAN 17116
oa-o n, •I ·D· Jn 68 ·O· J7' 66 ·0· J19 .., ·O· JIO 4' ·0·,.,
•l·O· Jal 68·0· JI) lil·O·U. 66·0· J1J
10 0 ZS 50 SCAL.l 0, P'rET
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GATE SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION A·A
TUNNf:L SECT/ ON
?Dill
OWYHEE R�SCRVOIR .,AX IW.S. WL-lle N7QO
LOCATION MAP
ot,.._.u,.,..,.1 c,,""' ..-rr-•111» .,_tAu 0.-ttCCL.A.*TIOflf 0W"nCC ••O..,t'CT - C>411C*>flrf• IOAHO TUNNEL No.I CONTROLLING WORXS
GCHCJIAL PUN NID SCCTION -LOCATION IIIAP
Page 5
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--� ... � i!
------�":
i
re CONTROL SOX
1 � rodt rro,,,,/ , I · ..,._.
:-Fi : O . 1.�r,:: .!� -,r---.. J'
t-··-:·,.. ·:::::.:-::::±.�..:�:-� .. �·r.� .::.:!.. �.::'!. ........ . . ·14f IIJ( -··· ···IO···· . ..,.. ·· ··· 91· ....... ..;. .. st-�
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.... $ .. � SECTION A•A
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PLAN
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION ALONG C
VENTURI FLUME MODEL
- �. I '° "' '-- ,. --.
I 0 g 12
SCALI' 0, ,.,CNl'S
18
C ., I I
• .J C
® D D,.
SECTION B·B
Sllow•"9 Aezom,,.ra
HORSESHOE SEC.C·C SHEn STarL.
Horsntwt. section
ro·
!! . \ i ......... _.,. ................... zJi ....... ·········-··· ·-"'! l
.......................... -............................ ___ .................... ____ .. ..
06MlfTltlWIIT 0, TN6 l#T.RIOR IJUltWAU 0,, R�L.AMATION
OflllYHll� IIROolllCT -OIi& •iMHO
TUNNEL No..l-CONTROWNG W0.'flCS' MODEL OF VENTURI METER-FLUME
O#IAIIIIII.· WH.Q
'"'""°' C.8.0.
C,,«,t.C,:
..,.,,,ITTffJ: NCOM,,,.,,_O:
A�:
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Page 6
CLOSE UP OF MODEL SHOWING GATE CONTROL MECHANISM AND PEIZOMETER CONNECTIONS
, ----. � ---........
\ __ _,_,------ �----1--<',
'-
�=• . . , .//f��::� _./ ('",>- ;"T" .
��
SIDE VIEW OF MODEL AFTER INSTALLATION
SIDE VIEW OF MODEL AFTER INSTALLATION
SHOW ING TAILWATER CONTROL BOX
MODEL OF OWYHEE VENTURI METER-FLUME
PLATE 9
pl'�<
Page 7
PLATE C
MODEL DURING CONSTRUCTION MICROMETER HOOK GAGES ANO WELLS
COMPLETE ASSEMBLY OF MODEL BEFORE INSTALLATION
MODEL OF OWYHEE VENTURI METER-FLUME
Page 8
msc:nrr.rroN o�, 1.mnzL
Tho modol cf the Ow�·hee, n.umo r,.:is conatructod of redwood
on a thoorotic3l scule ratio of 1 to 24 with a. pyralin top extending
six inches ur,strcam �:nd do:·;nstreorr. frorn t!10 thront or control sec
tion (soc Plate ,.'"-!. 'i1�c mctur ::u:.d tho nppro .. ch co;11itions ·:,ore du
�li c'1t�d in t}HJ r-i.01• ..!l but only :]. bout -forty feet of the discharge
tunn0l \7ds used. :\. control box r1ns bailt at t:ic o:.d of this s'hort
section of tunn�;l to Gi vo the flo·.-, conditions in ti1c tunnel.
:i1h'3 1Jod0l wur; plac0d nu:.ir the bottom of u t�nk thut served
as [l roncrvoir '1�1d .:.:'.c ulc..:vation of the wuter in t!•is tunk ,·ma do-
tcrnin-.!cl °t)y .:iounn of 1.1 hook r:Ll::;u. A 90-dogroc V-;u.,tct weir vras UL.ied
to r:ioasurl; tno quantity. Tho piezo1:1otcr rinf:s for d.otor1.1ining the
diffcrcnco in :icc1d bctwoun the ontrunce section -ind -�hroat section
:7crc placed us in t:to protcty·_pc uxcept thut tho rine:: ut the throat
wu.s plucod 1/4-inc:1 upt:troar.: ( 1/2 foot on the prototn:>0) so that the
openin'�� ";loulr.!. not occur ut u cornor. Thore were twelve openings
nt tho upstroam rin'. :md nine ilt thu control section, ull equally
spaced in top, botton '!nd sideo.
Durinr-: th-:.. f'ir:1t tvmnty-fi vo runs piczo1;1c tcr tuben were
usoc� to detor1:iiuc the d iffareneo in pr<.;ssuro hcud bet Hoen tho cn
tr::inco and throat :.;f;Ctiom;. ilitl1 t}1in s:}t-u:;_, it · .. ·us. necessary to
estfr,.1tc t��..! thoumindt'.�c of u foot. I•'or lo•:: di�<�h:11·f�u�1 th� differ-
cncu in h0a�1 ·.,a:: L]�s t:-.an u t!1ou:::-1n<lth 01' rJ foot t;O t:10t it Vian
nocl,;m,ury to i:-wt:111 d more ac:.!Urcitu r;,cu::mrinr; dL:Vi('L:. 'l.'he piozom-
2
Page 9
oter rincs vmre, til'--'reforo ·, connected to �ylindrical wells and mi
crometer hook c;uhes, -:-:r:?,1•-·� ... - , to thousandt�w of an L1.ch, were used
as illustrated on Plate c.
COlffiITI0?\3 CF ?IIJ"W
'11hc r::.m: in the V0�·turi :r,otor-f."!.une �·:as ,�i vided into three
conditions, e·1ch ot w;1ich required n difforen t ar.:..ily::;is. rrhese three
conditionn vere:
( l) Tho ::no tor-flume \ias operciting as a Venturi 1.10ter ·,ii th buth
t::c entra::c0 ::m�l t:u:oat sections flo.·:ing t'ull. r.rhc st:!�1dard Venturi
fornul:-.1 wa:J used in the unalysis of the dnta for tl!in condition.
(:�) Tho tl-)ter-i'lur.ie m:w oporotin& as a Venturi l!:Oter wit:·. t:1e
entrance section flo·,1inf; partly full a.nd throat soction was flor:ing
full. The standard Vc1:tm·i 1·or1r.ul:.1 was used in this case w1i th tho
�ubstitution of the actual w�t�r urea �t the entranc0 piozornetor
cross-section and tha cross-sectional arua 01' the 1:1eter nt tho throat.
{3) The r.ioter-flur:ic �as oporating us a Vuntui-i neaouring flume
·,Ti th both t:10 ontranco and throat sections rlo-:tin,s 11ortly full. In
the analysis of this dutu, t:1e formula for discl:3rge over .J w�ir vras
us1::d ·,·ri th t:1.0 correction duo to submerconco included in the cooffi
c io:1 t "C" whic:·1 is a variable dcp,Jndont upon tho pe;rco!1tngo of sul'
tort:oncc, hh/h8•
3
Page 10
_m;�1JL'J.1S._,AND._ CONCLUSIONS
Tho action of the model ,10s sat isfactory except when the
di scharge condition chaI1Bes from that o·r a Venturi meter to that of
a Venturi flume . A.a the water breaks free tram tho throat-section
a di sturbo.nce i s set up whi ch affects the gage reading at the throat .
However , this condition prev�ils only ovor a slight range in flow
and can probably bG rruledied by a slight change in tho control gate
sett incs .
Tho gate openings have an influence on the diochargo c oef
fic ient both when t;:o meter is flowing full and_ flowing partly full.
-� a result , it is roc�iand.ed that all gates should be operated to
gether ; i . e . , �11 rai sed or lowered the same amount . Several runs
were made with different gate combinations and all showed a marked
deviation in tho coefficient of di scharge . These runs are not shown
in the summary or data for that reason.
The elevation of the water in the discharge tunnel had no
e ffect on the di scharge coeffic ient i'or the condition \7here the me
ter was flo•·Jint; full , but 1 t did have a dec ided effect when the
throat was florring free .
As tho coeffi c ient of flow in the tunnel cannot be :roro
cast and as it will he subject to change with years of usage , the
deri V3ti on of the di s c ! .argc data for the condit ion of the moter
act inp; as a Venturi flume was made in terms to eliminate that vari
able . A r,ido varint ion of ta ilwatcr conditi ons was made in the
4
' \
Page 11
rr.odol to obtain a wi du v�riation of the rat io of submergence . In
turn , tho rat io of submergcnae vras related to tl10 elevation hoc1d
ha in the entrance sectim: .
Deveral runs were madd with tho sar::o discharge �ut differ
ent reservoir elev:1tions but r.o effoct was found in tho coefficient
of the rr.e tor duo t o t hat voria�le .
.:...t tho be.sinning of the oxperirnents , an a ir-rocket forrr.od
below the th:·oat section and extended downstream about t�enty feet
( prototyy,o ) for high flo-:':s and reservoir elevation 2600�. To elim
inate that condi t ion , vents ..-1ere installed in the top of the ?r.odel
e ight feet and twenty feet { prototype ) dovmstrea.m fro.r.-. the throat
sect ion. The vent s eliminated the air pockets and ·;-,ere · in operation
throughout the tests .
Two separate sc·ts of gases will be needed to record the
heads nt the entrance and throat sections ; ( 1 ) a different ial gage
to �ecord the difference in pressure head (h8 - hb ) betueen the en
trance and throat piezometer sect ions when the meter is acting as
a Venturi reeter a�d ( 2 ) a set of float gages to record the elevat ion
head at the entrance and throat piezorneter sections uhen the meter
is acting as 3 7entur i flume .
5
Page 12
- �
A�OWI.EOOMlmTS
The experments on the Cwyhee Venturi IJeter-Flume were con-... (
ducted in the hydrau1ic laboratory at the Colorado .Agricultural col-
lege , Fort Collins, Colorado, by the permi ssion of the Colorado Agri
cultural College and the etaff'· of the u. s. Bureau Qf Agricultural
Engineering.
The model wa s built and installed and the first experiments
performed by Hr. WSltor H. Price, J"uniar Engineer, under the super
vision of'_ the writer .•
!
,;;:_·._...,
6
Page 13
-·
l 2
(tliu • • Ro. o . t.s .
26 0. 7961 27 • 'l.07'1 . 28 . 6166 29 .6629 30 . ,1967 Zl . 4268 32 .3521 33 . 2802 34 .2242 35 .1406 37 . 0702 38 . 1406 39 .2235 '° • • 07 41 . 3506 ,2 .4223 48 . 5032 44 . 56Zl ,6 . 61.&l 46 . 7080 47 . 76&1
J 48 .7660 49 . '1062 60 .0704 '61 . 1'01 62 . 1426 63 . 2206 64 .2206 66 .2802 66 . 2804 76 .7169 77 .7661 78 .0504 79 . 1681 80 .2627 81 . 3206 90 . 7661
102 .0967 103 . 0967 104 .096'1 ].06 .076'1
z " 6 - ---- --- -- -- -- -- --- ---�� - -·
ZABLE IO, 1
filP::PJtRY OF DilJ. FO;, QW)JQP:, Ttnrn (Vent-- . .. _...
- - - _ IL_ r..?fTWlI METEll-FLtT...!E.
6 7 8 g 10 11
Weir. 'Ta1lwater Gue Reservoir Elevation Kodel Q � ChaDBe Correotion llodel Chan&e Correet101: •
Correoted 4ur1DB due to Blevat1on, during due to tor
. <ha-hbri 2 . 21 X
1ml, Pondage , Run Pon4a&e , i>ondage , lhe,-hb) lha-hb ,i Feet . o .:r .s . Feet Yeet o . t . s . o .t . a .
- - 111.125 -0 .004 +0.0000 0 . '1966 P . l241Z 0 . 36232 0 . '1'186 +0.004 -0 .0006 111. 188 +0 .014 -0 .0017 . '1056 . 09908 . 314'1'1 . 6966 + .001 I - .0001 lll.131 - . 002 + . oooz . 6168 .0'1625 . 2'1613 . 6102 + .001 - .0001 111.125 + . 011 - .0014 . 6614 .06316 . 25132 . 5564 + . 001 - .0001 lll. 132 + . 006 - .0006 .4960 .06108 .22601 . 4996 + .002 - · .0003 lll.112 + .004 - .0006 . 4260 .0380'1 . 19512 . 4312 - - lll. 11, + .004 - .0006 . a6l6 .02636 . 16236 . 3588 + .002 - .0003 111 . 118 + . 00'1 - .0009 . 2790 .01616 . 12'112 . 2809 + .002 - .00oa lll. 124 + .004 - .0006 . 22Z4 . 0099'1 . 09985 . 220'1 + .001 - .0001 · 111. 109 - .041 + .0060 . 1�6 .00402 .063'0 .1401 + .001 - .0001 109 .677 - .011 + .0012 .0713 . OOll.9 .03450 . 0762 + . 001 - .0001 109. 713 + .009 • .0010 . 1395 . 00429 . 06550 . 1448 • .ooa - .ooo, 109. 715 + . 004 - .ooo, . 2227 . 01080 . 10392 . 2297 + .002 - .0003 109 . 726 + .002 - .0002 .2802 . 01624 . 12'144 . 2816 + . 001 - .0001 109. 731 + .004 - .0004 · . 3601 . 02526 . 15893 . 3512 - - 109. '109 + . 006 - . 0007 .4216 .03748 . 19360 . 42'19 + .001 - .0001 109.722 + .007 - .0008 . 5023 .05124 . 22636 . 5003 + .006 - .0008 109. 724 - - . 5623 . 06480 . :!5456 . 5626 - - 109 .732 - . 006 + .0007 . 6144 . 07668 .27673 . 611'6 + .oo, - .0006 109.722 + .019 - .0021 . 7064 .10008 . Zl635 . 6991 - - 109 . 71'1 - .006 + .0007 . 7068 . 11296 . 33610 • 7428 + .002 - .0003 108 . 615 - - • 764'1 .12630 . 36689 . • 786' + . 002 - .0003 108 .496 - - . 7049 . 10760 . 32'187 . • '1246 + .004 - .0006 lll.129 + .ou - .OOH .0685 .00100 .03162 .0699 + .001 - .0001 lll.128 • .006 - .0006 . 1394 .00"21 ·. 06"89 . l4Z4 + . 002 - .0003 109 . 732 - .001 + .0001 . 1424 . 00478 . 06878 . 1620 + .003 - .0004 109 . 729 + .006 - .0007 . 2194 .00968 . 09762 . 2167 - - · . 111.136 + .006 - .ooo, · . . 2198 .00986 . 09926 . 2193 + .065 • .0007 111.139 + .001 - .0001 . 2n, .01603 .12661 . 2798 - - 109. 718 • .009 + .0010 .281" .016"9 .12841 . 2838 + .003 - .0004 108 •. 602 + .ooz • .0003 . 7162 .10882 . 32988 . 7290 • .003 - . ooo,. 108 .622 + .001 - .0001 . 76"6 .12429 . 36256 • 7791 + .002 - .oooa· 111. 101 - .004 + .0006 . 0606 .00051 .02268 .0499 - - 111.127 - . 001 + .0001- . 1682 . 00600 .07071 .1663 • .002 - .0003 111.136 + .001 - .0001 . 2623 .01269 . 11266 . 2490 + .002 - .oooa 111.121 + .002 - .0002 . 3201 .02103 .14502 . 3206 + .003 - .0004 109 .120 + .002 - .0002 . 7646 . 117'10 . 34307 . '1582 - - lll .13'1 + .001 - .0001 .0966 .00189 .04347 .0961 + .00'1 • .0009 110 . 428 + .002 - .0002 .0966 .00166 .04062 .0898 + .009 - · . 0012 109. '110 + .006 - .0006 .0949 .00178 .04219 .0932 + .001 - .0001 109 . '131 + . 001 - .0001 .0'166 . 00114 .033'16 .0746
'-·
12 1S 14 1ft
Ditt. Dniatlon Bo. ot Gates
Qo-Qo Peroent c.;atea Balse4 Uae4. Peroent
+0 .0180 +2.3 All 21.68 + .0099 +1., " 18.'16 + .0066 +l.l " 16.06 • .0060 •l.l II 14.68 - .0036 -o., " 12.60 - .0062 -1 .6 " 10 .a, - . 0072 -2.0 " 9.17 - .0019 -0. '1 " 7 ."8
• . 002'1 +1 .2 " 6.42
+ .OOM +3. 7 • s.ss - .0049 - 6 . 9 • 1.67 - .0063 -3.8 " 4.91 - .0070 -3. l " ,.n
- .0014 -0 . 5 • 9.68 - .0011 -0 .3 It 12."9 - .0063 -1 . 6 .. 16.00 + . 0020 +0., a 17 .70 - .0003 -o .o • 20.00 + .0028 · +0 .6 " 22.09 + .0063 +0 . 9 • 26.82 - .0370 -5.2 l!t 27 .,19 - .020'1 -2., II 100.00 - . 0197 -2 .8 • 100.00 - .0014 -2.0 • 1.04 - .0040 -2.9 " 1.02 - .0096 -6.8 • ,.aa + . ooz, +1., " , .oa
• .oooa +0.2 • a.21 - .0004 -0. 1 • 6.67 - .0024 -0. 9 • 8 . 96 - .0128 -1.8 " 100 .00 - . 0146 -1. 9 � 100.00 + .0007 +1., • 0 .88 + .Oll9 ·+t.l • a.,a + .0038 •l. l • 6.26 - .ooo, -0.1 • 7 . 92 + .0063 +0.8 no . a 100.00 + . 0006 o.o All 2.08 + .0068 +6.0 " 2.92 + .001'1 +l. 7 • 3.76 • .0019 +2. 4 " 2 . 92
Page 14
• EXPLAl;.' .. TIOM o�� 3Ull·.:ARY OF DA.TA roR
OW'.ll!:i!E TTJNlm VEN'TURI 0
MET.!!:R-FLl»B
(Venturi Moter Conditions Tti th Both Sections FUl.l)
Table uo. 1
.ill the data both recorded and computed is summarized in
Table ?ro. 1. The significance of each column and tho methods em-
•
ployed in the derivation of the data therein is eXl)lained in the fol-
lowing as a general guide :
Column 1 - Run Mumber - Each run of the test --,as given n number i7hich
usually is chronological in nature except in cases where it was nec
essary to make re-runs.
Column 2 - Quantity,- c . f. s. - The flov ot water into the model was
measured by a 90-degree V-notch weir , the formula for which is
Q = C H 5/2 (1 )
where C = 2.4972
The head on the ";J'eir was measured by a float gage and a
hook gage and the results tram the two gages were averaged after a
correction fa ctor far each was applied. The correction factors
were
Runs 26 to 101 ipclusive
102 to 126 inclusive
127 to 158 inclusive
8
Hook Gage
o.5u08
.5666
.6526
Float Gage
3.2197
3 .2246
3 .2213
....
Page 15
• Column 3 - Weir Tailwater Gage, Change Durinr, Run, Ft. Rise + Fall - -
To avoid clogging of the piezometers in the _niodel a screen rras placed
in the outlet to the weir tailmiter box. During the course of a run,
material would collect on this screen and cause pondage. To correct
tor this pondage , a float gage was established and read at regular
intervals during a run.
Column 4 - �eir TailTTater Gage, Ccrrection Due To Pon�age , c. F. s. -
From the measuret1ent of the area of the te.il'\t1ater box and the rise in
the water surface, the amount of pond.age ttas computed fo1• each run,
which, in each cose , nas of ten minutes duration. Tho horizontal di
mensions of the tank �ere 7.55 feet by 10.04 feet so that for o c�an3e
in elevation of one root during Q run a correction of 0. 13 c. r. s.
\78s mado • .
Column 5 - Reservoir Elevation, Model Reservoir Elevation, Ft. -
The elevation of the �ater surface in the reservoir was measured by a
hook gage mol.Dl.ted near the tank and connected by a 3/4-inch hose to
the bottom of the tank. The gage 1 tself ua s mounted on a staff ":Ti th
holes at regul.ar intervals vertically, making it possible to measure
a wide range of elevation.
The datum of the model uas assumed to be tho datl1l:1 or the
prototype divided by tho thoOl'etical scale ratio of the model ; 1. e.,
elevation 2600 on the prototype uould be 2600/24 or elevation 130.0
on the model. Tho elevations of the hook gaso ,rhen set at zoro and
clampod to tho staff at various hoights woro :
9
Page 16
Hole 6 �lev-�tion ll0 .932
Hole 5 3lovation l09 .C35
Hole 4 Elevati on 107.133
Hole 3 3levation 105.231
Colunn 6 - Reservoir 31�Y?ti on, Chause rm:-1ng Run, Feet -
Rise + Fall -
Surges in the m odel c�de it il'Jpossible to inaintain a constant reser
voir elevation throu£h out u rt.m.. That c ondition necessitated a c or
rection for cha"nGe in pondage.
Column ? - Reservoir Elevation , Correction Due To Pondage, c . F. 3. -· B o tt idH P1 �
The tank used as a reservoir contained the :model or the ·1eo:rep intake
toner and the reaervoi� �as irregular in sha::,,e. To c orrect for the
change in pondage , u reservoir dra\7dorm curve mls mude fl'am a topo
graphic survey.
Column B - Observed Quantity Corrected For Po:
The correction is made by adding algebraically columns a, 4 and 7.
Column 9 - Difference in Pressure Head Betwe�n Entrance and Throat, I
( hu - hb ) •
The standard Venturi equation rros used in the analysis ot the experi-
mental data. This oqu�tion is
C � .. \.b V(11n - hb ) 2g
Q � �==-:;--"ha
rrhero A8 == entr ·-mce cross-sectional area
.lb �-a t:�.ro�lt cress-sectional area
:18 � pressure bend nt · -a
10
( 2 )
Page 17
...
Equating
hb = pressure head at Ab
g = ec celer3t ion due to Gravity
( 32 .145 ut Ft. Collins laborat ory )
C � experimental coe ffi cient .l..
T• -.1\.. -
�
(Aa_ 2
Ab ( ng ) 2
- Ab2 /f
Equ:Jtion ( 2 ) becomes Q = C K ( ha - hb )'l
( 3 )
( 4 )
The di fference in pressure heads ( ha - hb ) was obaerverl by means
of a di fferent ial mi cromater hook gage arranger.ient i llustra ted on
Plate \•
Colur:-..n 10 - ( ha - hb )'½ - The results of the test s were plotted Q,
�i�t ( ha, - hb ) on logarithmic paper . The result i!l[::; plot 1.1as a
strai ght line ·11i·�h a slope of n = _0 .5 whi ch che cl�e d the ass�p_tion
that , wi th both measuring sectio�s floning full, the law of flow
was that of the Venturi meter.
�olumn 11 - C0t1puted Quantity , Q,c - After it \78.s detem.ine d that the
exponent of the difference in head ,1as 0 . 5 , the square r oot �as com
puted t'or each run. Un ing tho observod quant ity .� in col:umn 8 and
th_0 ( ha - hb ) 2 in colttr.m 10 , the v:.,luo of ( CK ) uas computed for each ·
ru.11 . Tho avorac;e o f the,r;e va lue s �ms th�n used i n obtaining a com
putod quant i ty � ·
Columns 12 and 13 - ( Q.o - Qc ) and Por Cent of Deviat ion - . To de
terninc thu consi stenc!" of the obaervod data the di f'feronce bct�reen
11
Page 18
I
the observed qucintity and the computed quantity was determi�ed and
the per cent of deviation nas obtained by dividing the difference by
the observed �ua:iti t�,..
Colur.ms 14 and 15 - Gotes and Gate o-,eninE;s - T!1e control works in
Tunnel No. l at the Gwyhae develo!)!lent uill con::;i st of four Stoney
gate s each 4' -'2" wicle by 12 ' hi5h 111th suit3bl� cont:�01 mechanism
for li fti!l.g. These gates \7'Jre dupli cated in de:tail in tl:e model and
the ga te-li ftillG r.iachaniur.1 ,.-,as dupli cated _by using 1/4-iuch brass
rods with twenty threads to the inch , with thumb-screus on the top
to regulate the gate O!)e!l.ing. The at1ount or gate o:peninc was · record
ed in the model data in teri.1s of number of turns of the thumb-screw
but for convunienco in applying the data to e ither the model or pro
totype this data was convortod to percentage of gate o,eninc and is
so recordo d in Table 170. 1.
13
Page 19
t!ll,tl
�
"
..
.:A13LE 2 .
i.>I sc :; :.A�i ' J E Ci;- OWYE:·.E Tur � · LL VL : 'i.1 u�u .. :�TER : J , :r..:E
r : : C :JB IC FBBT }bR Sl::c (.;l,;D 3Y :1:i.:.L FC;It.m� . Q:: 1239 . 44 Cr .. .:. 1 .
l Vent u.r i l,�e t er C on di t i on s v: i t ! 1 � CJ t l: s e c t i 0 n :-.. :. ul 1 . ;
. . - - � "' � . oo 0 . 01 v . 02 v . 0 3 Q . 04 o . o5 . C . 0 6 c . o 7 ... . Ot
o . o 000 124 175 215 248 277 304 3G8 351 0 . l 392 411 429 447 464 480 496 511 526 0 . 2 554 568 581 594 607 620 6 32 644 656 0 . 3 679 690 701 712 723 733 744 754 764
· 0 . 4 784 7 94 803 813 b,2 8 31 841 850 859 0 . 5 876 885 894 902 911 919 927 936 944 0 . 6 960 968 976 984 992 999 1007 1014 102·2 0 . 7 1037 1044 1052 1059 1066 1073 1081 1088 10 95 0 . 8 1109 1115 1122 1129 1136 1143 1149 1156 1163 0 . 9 1176 1182 118 9 1195 1202 1208 1214 1221 1227 l . 0 1239 1246 1252 1258 1264 1270 1276 1282 1288 l . l 1300 1306 1312 1318 1323 1329 1335 1341 1346 l . 2 °1358 1364 1369 1375 1380 1386 1391 1397 1402 1 . 3 1413 1419 1424 1429 1435 1440 1445 1451 1456 1 . 4 1467 1472 1477 1482 1487 1493 1498 1503 1508 1 . 5 1618 1523 1528 1533 1538 1543 1548 1553 1558 1 . 6 1568 157 3 1578 1582 1587 1592 1597 1602 1606 l . ,, 1616 1621 1626 1630 1635 1640 1644 1650 1654 1 , 8 1663 1667 1672 1677 1681 1686 1690 16 95 169� 1. 9 1708 1713 1717 1722 1726 1731 1735 1740 17.44 2 . 0 1'153 1757 1762 1766 1770 17 75 17 7 9 1783 1788 2 . 1 1796 1800 1805 1809 1813 1817 1822 1826 18 30 2 . 2 1838 1843 1847 1851 1855 1859 18 63 1867 1871 2 . 3 1880 1884 1888 1892 18 96 1900 1904 u�oa 1912
c . c �
�7f 54G 6 6 '/
7 74 868 952
1030 1102 ll6Y 1233 1294 1352 1408 1461 1513 1563 1611 1658 1704 1748 17 9t 1834 1676 1Sl6
Page 20
'l'R"'\:�3rJ3IT�3 C F F.:O:.�I'S ?ROH 1IC :a, T') PROTOTYP:£ ... .
Tc.blc No . ·2. . . ...... . :. . ..... . Cvns idering E�uat ior. ( � ) ot page 11 the value of K for the model can
be deterr.iined ·r·y s'.lhst i t'.lt ing the act 11t1l ,�L:.es of Aa, A0 and g in
�quation ( 3 ) . In the ca se of the model
whe:re Aa = 0 . 5��988 sq . ft .
�md A0 = 0. 2��� 753 s�. :rt .
() 2� : 7-.;., : Y O Sf � : if-A ' ( ,., X 32 14;; )fa 1· ·- • ..., . . . '---' . • " - • . " • , .. \. -
V { 0 . 5C'1009 ) 2
K = 2 . 238€-1 ::
( C . 255753 ) "
ani sin�e { �� ) = 2 . 21 � see col1.rr:m 11 , Table Uo . · 1 )
,., '� 2 . 21 . I�
:--: o. 9nl4
In the case of t:-_e prototype
v:here . 1..a ( 18 ) 2 , .\.b �: ( l2 ) 2 Rnd g � 32 . ln /( Cwyhee develo:i::ment )
K :-:: ( 12 ) 2 x ( 18l"2 ): ( 2 z: 32. lc)i
V ( 324 ) 2 - ( 144 ) 2
- l289 . 20'i'
Substitut in� the '\"G.lue s for the :prot otype in Eq_,.10.tion 4, page ll :
Q, . .; C K ( h{!
- l";,'t-rt
- (; • 9 1,14 X 1283 . 207 ( ha - hr )'½ ..1...
· · 1�39 . 44- ( h8 - hh ) 2
Fr C'IT. this t·o:-1rtlla the dat A in Tn ble No . 2 wa s .Jomr-'.lt ed.
14
Page 21
l
Run :;o • 50 51 08
GS 70 . 71 72 73
. '14 7:} 99
100 � . .
l
� No .
50 �l 68 6� 70 71 72 73 74 75 �9
100
TABLE �!O , 3-A
SJJr,fl¼BX OF %:'A FOR o:·,'YHU :u;-:;;r, D:iTi-'RI :;uER-FLUYE. (Uodel> \
0/enturi �eter Conditions with f.!'1tranc e Sec tion Partially Full and. Throat Section Fp,lll.
2 3 4 .:e1r :'ailwater �a�E Change Correo ti or: durinc due to -�- Run, PondE:.ce ,
o . f . s . Feet o . t . s .
0 . 6151 -0 . 001 +0 . 0001 . 5Z7l + .002 - . 0003 .1413 + . 001 - .0001 . 2220 - ,.. . 2832 + .001 - . 0001 . 3506 + . 001 - .0001 . 4173 + . 004 - .0005 .4964 + . ooz - . 0004 . 6626 + . 005 - .000'1 . 6153 + . 002 - . 0003 .4917 + . 002 -· . 0003 . 5Z49 • .005 - . 0007
5 6 7 8 9 10 ll Reservoir EJ avation alOdel Q . . levation Elevation
�odel Change :orreotio� Correa ted of rlater ot Water i.:;levation during due to for in Throat in
Run , Ponde.ge , Pondage , (ha-hb )
Entrance , l-eet Feet c . r . s . o .t . s . : . :., , Feet. ha , Feet .
108 .406 -0 . 002 +0 .0002 0 .6164 .;; . 65349 0 . 08113 0 . 63462 108 . 338 - . 001 + . 0001 . 6369 . 510S6 . 058 77 . 56913 106 . 306 + . 001 - .0001 . 1411 . 57105 . 00409 . 57514 108 . 326 + .002 - . 0002 . 2218 . 58042 . 01028 . 59070 108 . 314 - - . 2831 . 55773 .01631 . 57434 108 . 307 - . 004 + .0004 . 3509 . 53692 . OUM . 60140 108 . 322 - .002 + .0002 . 41.70 . 63606 .OMOO . 6'1055 108 . 331 + . 001 - .0001 . 4959 . 52088 . 04628 . 56916 108 . 341 - .001 + . 0001 . 5620 . 50872 . 06196 . 57068 108 .401 - .001 + .0001 . 6151 . 65338 .8'1816 . 63154 1oe . 3l6 - .001 + .0001 .4915 . 60718 .0472i • 55441 108 . 328 - .003 + . • 0003 . 5346 . 50301 . o5u7e . 55978
• :ABLE no . 3-B
7:UXSp:RE?;?CE OF ;{ESULTS FRW llODEL 10 �ROTCITPE •
12 13 1,
Depth in Area in Area 1n Entranae Entrance throat Seotion , Seotton , SeoUon ,
Aa. , Ab , da , Feet Sq . Ft . Sq. :rt .
0 . 70812 0 . 53604 0 . 2:5576� . 64263 . 48656 . 255752 . 64864 . 49010 . 25575� . 66420 . 50186 . 26576� . 64784 . 48949 . 255763 . 63496 . 4'1 9'16 . 256763 . 64405 .48663 .255753 . 64266 .48558 .255753 . 64418 . 48673 . 255753 . '10504 . 632'11 .255763 . 62791 .47444 .265753 . 63328 . 47849 . 286763
{ :entur1 �:eter conditions with ·Entre.noe seqtion rarua11y Full AP4 Throat seqtton ful,1)
2 3 4 5 6 ,, 8 9 10 11 u 13 .?rototy-pe Q uea 1n l.rea in Correoted 1:ntrc.noe Throat
tor Pondage , Seotion , Section , Qc, - Devi ation No . of Gates J.a, Ab , 11 (ha-hL )¼
• Cates Raised, "°' o . t . s . (ha-hb) Sq. rt . Sq. Ft . K C CK (ha-hb ) "' �-Qo Peroent Used Peroent 1687 .8853 1 . 9250 301. 2498 1'4. 000 1 . 38746 1314 . 9137 0 . 9252 1690 .6623 - 2 . 7770 -0 . 2 ill 100 . 00 1472.5798 1 . 3946 273. 3905 144 . 000 l.18093 1358 . 7141 • 9178 1486 . 9330 -14. 3532 -1.0 n 100. 00 · 387 .0013 0 .0970 270 . 9467 144 . 000 0 . 31151 l�3. 9Z60 . 9176 390 . 8490 - 3 .8477 -1. 0 " 8 . 85
008 . 3408 . • 2439 282 . 5681 1'" . 000 . 49389 134£ . 3451 . 9176 614 . 3751 - 6 . 0343 -1.0 n 15. 42 776 . 4711 . 3'370 275 . 603� 144 . 000 .62210 1354 . 5681 . 9214 780 . 9086 - 4 . 4375 -0 . 6 " 22 . 09 96"' . 429t .5623 :!70 . 1249 144 . 000 . 76307 1365 . 1052 - �239 966 . 3164 - t . 8872 -0 . 3 " :U.69
1143. 7247 . 8186 273. 9930 144 .000 . 90478 1357 . 5686 . 9311 1138 .2664 + 5 . 4583 +0 . 6 n 41. 68 1360 .1272 1 .1456 273 .4018 144 .000 1 .07035 1358 . 6953 . 9363 �347 . 6808 +12 . 4464 +O . S n 58 . 35 1541 . 4227 l . 4703 274 . 0493 144 .000 1 .212�4 1357 . 4664 . 9365 �525 . 3307 +16 . 0920 +l . l " 1100. 00 1087 . 0624 l . 8546 29S . 937S 144 .000 l .36184 1316 . 6300 . 9409 11.661. 6096 +26 . 4528 +1 . 6 ,, 100 . 00 1346 . 059, l . 1207 267 . 12�5 144 .000 l . 058 61 1371 . 2587 . 9287 (l345 . 2238 + 2 . 8354 +0 . 2 " 70 .82 1466 . Z!715 1 . 3474 26� . <r09S 144 . 000 1 . 16076 1366 . 5473 . 9244 ll.46� . 9626 ... 3. 6911 -0 . 3 n 79 . 20
0 . '.:1267
�
Page 22
(
m'LANATI<'U CF SUl�iA.F.Y OF DATA
OWYHEE TUNNEL YEN!'lJRI 1mER-FLUME
(Venturi Meter Condition with Entrance Se�tion Partly Full and Throat
Se�tion Full ) Table No . --s-:r
Columns 1 to 8 inclusive - See explanati on of Table :�o. 1.
r.olumns 9 , lC and µ. - Elevat ion of Water in Throat of Model, hb, Feet -
�odel Difference in Head, ( ha - hb ) , Feet - Elevation of Water in En
trance of Model , hn, Feet _ The elevation of the water sur face in the
� entrance and throat piezometer se ctions of the model was mea �ured by
the micrometer hool� gages shown in the photograph on Plate n. The
·, throat or hb gage was referred in elevation to the elevation of the
creat in the throat of the ccdel, and, as each run was made, the cor
rection factor between the ha and hb gages was determined by olosing
the tube s leading to the gnge wells with pinch-cocks and opening the
c onr.ect ing tube between the wells. This so-called "zeroing" of the
gages was necessary on pTactically every run as the :::.·ange of the mi
crometer scales was only cne inch. A steel tape on the right-hand
)
side of the gage apparatus �as used to refer the ht gage to the throat
crest as it v,as necessary to raise or lower i� for each run. From the
scale reading and mi crr.1teter reading , the elevation head in . the throat
was determined. With hr, lmown , and the difference ( h8 - hb ) determined
ty o1'servat1on , the value of ha was fotmd by subtraction.
16
Page 23
Col':1:::_ 12 - Dop·� :.._ i�--. _ f':.trunc..:_o Jo ct ion o� I . .iode l , da , Feet - 'l'he depth
o f water in t he entrance sect ion of tl1e 1:1odel \78S obtaine d by a dding
the e levat ion of the vrat er in the entrance above t !:e thr oat crest and
the difference in elevation bet-:reen t :1e floor of t he o:itrance and the
floor of tho throat .
rolur.m 1�-; - Area in__ E�rancc 0oc t ion , A� , S\1uare Fee t - The aroa in
th0 entrance sact ion i n tho depth of water , da , (r:iodo l ) mult ip lied
by t h0 widt� of t:1e section �r:iich was obta ine d by caliper inc; .
Column 14 - .-·.rea i : 1 T�.i· o · tt !"..ioc ·tio!l , .\-1) , Square Feet - The raodcl area
in t h0 t:u-oat section wa s o�"'ta incd by mult i!)l�rin� t h..: widt!1 b:r thu
h0ic;ht of tho s-.· ct ion.
1'7
Page 24
TRA?i�.rru C,F R35ULT� ::raoz.r }!OD:!L TO PRCJTO'l'YPE
c:m� TONlCll, VElrruRI m:J.'3R-FLtl,I3:
(Venturi Meter Condition with Entrance Section Partly Full and Throat
Section Full) Table No.-&-B
Column l - See explanation of Table !·To. l.
Column 2 - Prototype· Quantity, Qo, o •. F. s. - The prototype Q was
determined by multiplying the observed model Q, by n5l2• The . value
ot n was found by dividing the area ot the throat on the prototype
by the area of the throat on the model and extracting the sqqare
root ot the result.
Column 3 - Prototype Difference in Head, (ha - hb) , Feet - The proto-
type ( ha - �b ) was :round by- lillllti::,� the model (ha .: hb l , cOluiml 10,
Table No. � by the scale ratio, n/ a 23.7285.
Colunm 4 - Area in Entrance Section /of Prototype, As, Sq. Ft. -
The prototype area in tho entrance section •s found by mult1pl1ing
the model area by n2, (563. 0417').
Column 5 - A'rea in �oat Section ot Prototype, Ab, Sq. ,Ft. - The
prototype area in the throat section was found by muitiplyiDg the
model area by n2 ( 563�0417 ) .
Column 6 - (ha - hb)i- - The square root ot (ha - hb ) , aolumn 3. .. ' . . . . -
Column 7 - •It" - In the case ot both sections flow1ng full as in �ble
No. 1, the val.ue ot "!ti' was a constant. In this case, however, due · to
Aa, beillg a variable, "It" is a variable and must be computed tor each run.
18
Page 25
ColUliln e - Oootriciont of Di schargo , C - The observed quantity, � '
the square root ot the difference in head and the value of "K" were
sub stituted in Equation 4 on paee 11 and a value of C was determined
for each -run. These \7ere averaGed. and used to compute Qc. In this
case the value of C was 0.9267.
-Column 9 - Prototype Computed Quantity, Qc, c. F. s. - The value of
Qc was found by substi tutins the values of C , ·K end (ha - hb ) I' in
E��ation 4 on par,e 11. The date in this colunm was plotted on Plate
)'· which i s the discharge diagram far the flow condition in the proto
type when the throat section is flowing tull and the entrance section
partly :ruJ.l.
Columns 10 to 13 inclusive - See explanation 01' columns 12 to 15 in
clusive in Table ITo. 1
19
Page 26
'/)-.--' I
. ! L---
I - •• -- __ j_ • . . . I ,
___ j_ , .
tUGf"t 0IEllllfH 00 . llHIOAllO•'fEW TOIIK •o sr.o
;--
Page 27
i: -
.. -
l
Run No .
127 128 l.29 180 l.11 182 113 lM 136 136 137 138 139 l'° 141 142 143 144 1,6 146 14'1 148 149 160 101 162 153 164 156 156 10'1 158
2
Quan . o . t . s .
0. 5012 . 5001 . 6014 . 6006 . 5003 . 4019 .4020 . 4020 . 4006 . 4004 . 4000 . 3024 ._3026 . 3023 . 3018 . 3049 . 3043 . 30ZG
. • 200, . 2007 . 2010 . 1994 . 2000 . 200,. . 0997' . 0996 . 0991 .0992 . 0987 . 6,,o . 14'18 . 0588
3 l.lodel Pond Elev. Feet .
108. 218 108.219 108 .227 108. 247 108 .273 108 .103 108. 156 108. 154 108.169 1-08. 194 108.230 108.080 108.081 108. 087 108. 104 108. 152 108. 206 108.241 107 . 996 107. 998 108.001 108 .025 108.065 108.146 10'1.898 107 . 902 107. 916 107 . 940 107. 994 108. 318 107. 946 107. 848
' El. of
_ Water in Throat . hb , Ft .
o. z2288 . 322go . 34313 . 39266 . 43991 . 28oze . 29003 . 28766 . 32412 . 37367 .43648 .23969 .24185 . 25642 . 29140 . 36558 . 43463 . 47840 �18463 . 18882 . 19657 . 24469 . 28'103 . 394'17 . 12170 . 13227 . 15668 . 19125 . 26528 . 38363 . 15276 . 09001
---
TABLE no. '
smtIJARY OF DATA FOR OWYHEE VENTVJI ;ETER-FLUl.!l;; .
(Venturi Flume C ondit i ons)
5 6 7 8 9 10
El . of (ha.
-hb ) ·,1ater in hb/ h 1 . 59 C from Entranc e ha
a :� omputed �urve a, 1''t . ha , Ft . C .?late D
0 . 11419 0 .43707 0 . 7387 0 . 26821 Z. 686 3. 734 .11440 .43730 . 7384 . 26885 3.669 3. 736 .10338 .44651 . 7686 . 27748 3. 564 3. 638 .07987 .47252 . 8310 . 30362 3,252 3 . 310 . 06290 . 50281 .8749 . 33614 2.94, 3 . 001 . 09409 . 37947 . 7520 . 21424 3. 700 3. 692 .09266 . 38269 . 7579 . 21713 3. 656 Z. 675 .0929'1 . 38063 . 7557 . 21528 3. 683 3. 681 .07575 . 39987 . 8106 .23284 3. 394 3.435 . 05723 .43090 .8672 . 26222 3. 012 3. 061 .04143 . 47791 . 9133 . 30914 2. 552 2 . 618 . 07766 . 31735· . 7553 . 16123 3.699 3. 681 . 07651 . 31836 . 7597 . 16205 3. 683 3. 668 . 06881 . 32623 . 7884 . 16764 3.567 3. 557 . 0040'1 . 34547 . 8435 . 18457 3. 220 3. 228 .03424 . 39982 . 9144 . 23278 2. 584 2. 599 .02460 .45923 . 9464 . 29015 2 .069 2.110 . 01957 .49797 . 9607 . 33003 1.814 1. 840 .0609'1 . 24550 . 7516 . 10720 3. 693 3 . 696 .06842 .24724 . 7637 .10841 3. 652 3. 6�4 .05415 .25072 . '1840 . 11084 3. 577 3. 573 . 03434 . 27903 . 8769 . 13140 2. 993 2. 986 . 02440 . 31143 . 9217 . 15647 2. 521 2. 503 . 01262 . 40739 . 9690 . 23984 1. 648 1.667 .03688 . 15858 . 7674 .05350 3.676 3. 639 . 03122 . 16�9 . 8090 . 05616 3.498 3.445 . 02160 . 17828 . 8788 . 06446 3.032 2. 976 . 01373 .20498 . 9330 . 08047 2. 432 2 .332 . 00714 . 262'2 . 9728 . 11918 1 . 6M l. 5'15 . 13832 . 62186 . 7360 . 35555 3. 742 3. 742 .-04878 . 21163 . 7680 . 07832 3. 722 3. 675 .02498 .11499 . 7820 . 03210 3. 613 3. 681
, ---
11 12 13
� �-� Dev1at1 01 fa
0 . 50 78 -0.0066 -� . 32 . 5091 - . 0090 -1.80 . 5118 - .0104 -2. 08 . 5095 - . 0089 -1. 78 . 5099 - . 0096 -1. 92 . 4010 ... . 0009 +0 . 22 . 4046 - . 0021 -0. 52 . 4018 + .0002 +0.05 . 4055 - . 0049 -1. 22 . 4069 - . 0065 -1. 63 . 4103 - . 0103 -2.57 . 3009 + . 0015 +0 . 50 . 3014 + .0012 +0 . 40 . 3023 . 0000 o .oo . 3021 - . 0008 -0. 27 . 3067 - .0018 -0. 59 . 3104 - . 0061 -2.00 . 3079 - . 0044 -1.45 . 2009 - . 0002 -0. 10 . 2008 - . 0001 -0.05 . 2008 + . 0002 +0.10 . 1989 + . 0005 +0. 25 . 1g86 + .0014 +0. 70 . 2027 - . 0023 -l. 16 . 0987 + . 0010 +1.00 .0981 + . 0016 +l . 51 . 09'13 + . 0018 •l.82 . 0951 + . 0041 +4.13 .0952 + . 0035 +3. 55 . 6746 .0000 o . oo . 1459 + . 0019 +l .28 .0583 + .0006 +0. 85
Page 28
··,
:!XPI.JiHATIC,K C.-' 5tJI,.J:An� Q]' DA.i'A
]OR arm� V!!l!TURI U&l1ER-FLtn!2:
(Venturi Jr,).ume Cond!J;ions ) · '1 A r;� � o
Columns l to 3 inclusive - See explanation or oolunm� l, 8 and 5 in
Table No. 1.
Columns 4, 5 and 6 - See expl�ntion ot columns 10, 11 and 13 in
Table No. 3.
Columns 7 and a, h1,/ha and 11a1•59 - An analysis �f the observed data
showed that the law of flow through the measuring section of the flume
when it was partly full followed that ot tho flow over an ogee dam
crest when it ia sµbmerged. Horton made such an assumption in his an-. .
alyais or the discharge over submerGed dams in the u. s. Department of
ilaterways Experir.1ents. * By plotting the data i'rom the rtmo with the
, · ' �- ·, ' \, -----------------------,-\ , 't/. * :1. s •. Paper Ho. 200, page l4o. r, \ J\J� · J \1-t , , �
(\'t same degree Ot subcler68llce on logaritbmic paper, a straight line- was
found nhioh has a slope ratio o:r 1.59 which is the exponent of he in the equation
)
Q Q o wb ban
where O = an er!lorimental coefficient dependent on the rati o of
submergence, hb/h8•
,/ �.
Wb ::a width ot t�e throat section
ha i:::i el.Jvation of the water surtaoo in the entrance �ction
Bbove the crest of the thr�at section
22
\
Page 29
)
Column 9 - Coetticient ot Discharge. C (Computed) - From the value ot
ha1• 59 in column 6 and the observed quantity in colu;nn 2, the coeffi
cient ot discharge was tound by substitu�ing in the formula :
Q C = \Vi, ha1•5g
where wb = o.507 ft.
Column 10 - - Coefficient of Discharge. C (From curve ) - Fram the values
ot ha/� in co�umn 7, the curve shown on Pl.ate � may be entered and
the coetticiont of discharge found.
Column 11 - Calculated Discharge, Qc - From the valuos ot 11a1•59 in
column 8 and tho coefficient of discharge in column 10
Qc :s o Wt, hul.59
whore Vil) ::a o.507 _
Columns 12 and -�3 - �"° - Qc and DoVia'f;.ion in Per CQnt - See columns
12 and 13 in Ta blo !�o. 1.
2:;
Page 30
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Page 31
0 . 6 o.a 0.4 0 .3 0 . 2 0 .1
{ .. :. . • :
ha 14 . 2014 ll.8345
s .4676 ? . 1007 4 . 7338 � . 3669
. . - ·· .-
0 .44386 . 33tl7 .23£96 . 14744 . 07'136 .,02570
---........... hb /ha �l-�� 67 . 9527 50 .8521 35 . 6633 22.5720 11.8463
3. 9350
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3.730 3,668
� .839a& C . 82644 . 62817 . 61778 .44065 . 43323 . 27883 . 27419 . 14634 . 14390 . 04861 .04780
: • 74 0 . 10
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759. ;;5•; 747 . 31� 396 . 85;.:, 39::; . 202
132 . 488 l3C .280
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. 6045�
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. 2i:i836
. 14084
. 04678
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2. ?0C
2�0l.L 9o l647 . G2Z 1155 . 67()
731.421 �3. 86� 1�7 . 514
3.491 0 . 78660
. 58792
. 41232
. 26096
. 13696
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0- 82
2 - 542
2073. 114 lJbl.44� l088 . 0t6
088 .6� �61 .40; 120 .Of>C3
� 12 � ·· �� he.l . J9
vt�ere lbw � o .507
O . A4 3. ,52
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662 . �47 �·�7 . :-:-..ai. ll5 . j08
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1911. . 191 1430 . 272 l00� . C 74
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· • b a lfe O 1
w� = o . 507 '
.b 12.� n"'-� · --u1c o . 507
a �3. 66;
h n h�
.,. ;.;; • u6� ha:.1 � :2 Q .. n" · "t
• 27 �5 , L,2 '-4:1
0 . 9t
1.. 8 99
1�48 . 696 1159.0Cl
812 . 6:_j.; 5H: .�2 ... � • . � �·C'
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o . �4 0 - % (L 96
l.67 !. l. 396 1 . 0 08
1362 . :..43 lli8 . �G9 S'21 . ea1 l019.4ti� Ctil . �16 615 . 060
714 . � f., � 5�7 . 4G2 431 . 366 .: .:: • . �.)l 378 . 13$ 2n .010 i:;:,7 . 475 1�e .4·1:5 143. ,80
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Page 32
(
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TRA;.T3�JJ:_· OF RESULT3 FRO?-! MOD.U TO P}\OTOTlPE
l � t rd� < I f I lA m l -� _: ,d t 1 I V 11 t J �e eo�puted cooffioiont ot disoh11rge "C" in column 9 ,
Table l·Io. \, ttaa plotted on Plate � as tho ordinute and the ratio ' .
· ot ·submurgonco ns tllo absois.-a and 11 ourvo drann through thv points.
The dischar�-o Q 1n the modal nas computod for dittoront
ratios of au�rGonoa and th�·. difi'orent values of ha. Th�oo rosults
&rG shown in Tablo l{o. "5a1r;
'ThG original plans tor tho �il were made with a scale
ratio ot 1,:24. but as wood wao used for , ,he construction tho expan-
•1on · ot the mo�l du� to Qbaorption of woter chaDGed tha scale ratio
slightly. '-
In this case , where tho throat was flowing partly full,
1, -was assumod that tlie iindth of the throat would have tho major ef
::reot and tho ratio ot th� actual width of tho thro�t in tho model to
.that 1n the prototype tras ta1::en as a scalo ratio ; 1. e. ,
' >l ' n = o.so? = 23. 669 12.000 �1th this value of n : trom _the laws of hydraulic similitude
Q:c Q n5/2 : l
or Q .= 2725.522 �
� :Vlbm � n : 1 ��
or wb c: _83.669 �
h8 :ham· cs n : - 1
or �a Q 23.669 'ham
86
Page 33
•
in rrhich Q, st�:1·ls 1'cr C.ischal"(:e ; 1.Vb , tho wi ��th or tl:o t:u,0.1.t section ;
h8 , the elevation o:...' the W::\ter surfa ce in the t3ntronce soc c ion above
the crost or tho tltroJt snction ; :md the subscript m indi cates va lues
for the model.
The d isc'r1ur:;e datu ror the prototype i73u con:puted by mult i
pl.yinG the V3lues o f' ha in rable Ho.-tr-:t� Ly �he scale ratio , n , and
the diac!largo quant it ies uero computed b:r multiplyinc the :i:100e l a 1 1r-i n
tities by n5i2. The prototype data i s recorded in Table no. �-
With the ha , Q "ind Wb known , the vulue of C was computed
and plotted on Pl�to �,
The discharce diacram, �late-'F , was plotted. using the vnlues
or ha , hb/h8 and Q in Table ��o. �
27
Page 34
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