OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS..1.IRON.

2.IODINE.

3CALCIUM.PROF.SANDIP MAVCHI..7506929220

OFFICIAL COMPOUNDS OF ……..IRONIODINE CALCIUM Prepared By: Prof. S. N.

Mavchi

IRON.. (लोहा)is a chemical element with the symbol Fe. Latin: ferrum.atomic number 26Fresh iron surfaces appear lustrous silvery-

gray, but oxidize in normal air to give iron oxides, also known as rust. ( ज़ंग लगना)

ROLE OF IRON…1.Iron has fundamental role in the hemoglobin

molecule. Hemoglobin is the molecule that carries oxygen to the tissues from the lungs and returns with carbon dioxide from the cells.

2.Myoglobin, which is responsible for energy production in the muscles.

3.Iron is required for the production of red blood cells known as haematopoiesis.

4.The production of enzymes which play a vital role when it comes to the production of new cells, amino acids, hormones and neurotransmitters.

HOW HEPCIDIN REGULATES IRON ABSORPTION

Hemoglobin…..

Iron exist in the body in the following forms…

i) Hemoglobin(66%).ii) As a Myoglobin in muscles(3%).iii) As a ferritin and haemosiderin(25%).iv) As a constituent of enzymes(6%).

To increase Hb level in the blood by 1g/dl about 200mg of iron is needed.

Iron is stored only in ferric form, in combination with a large protein apoferritin.

Apoferritin + Fe+3 Ferritin Haemosiderin.

Iron is stored in reticular endothelial cells in liver, spleen, bone marrow.

IRON STORED IN LIVER,SPLEEN BONE MARROW…

RECOMMENDED DIETARY IRON INTAKEIRON mg per Day

Infants (7-12 months) 11

Children (1-13 years) 8-10

Boys (14-18 years) 11

Girls (14-18 years) 15

Women (19-50 years) 18

Pregnant Women 27

Breastfeeding Women 9-10

Women over 50 years 8

Men over 19 years 8

Ferrous sulphate….Chem. Form.: FeSO4.7H2OMol. Wt.: 278.0Synonyms: Iron Vitriol, Green

Vitriol, Ferrosi sulfas.

Properties: Transparent green crystals or as

pale bluish green crystalline powder.

Odorless & it’s taste is metallic and astringent.

Freely soluble in water & insoluble in an alcohol.

Effect of heat.. 2( FeSO4,7H2O)

Fe2O3+SO2+H2SO4+13H20.

When heated at higher temp. it decomposes ,to ferric oxide,sulfurdioxide &

Sulfuric acid

Uses: Prophylactically It Is Used In Pregnancy In Women's. As An Astringent-it’s Ferric Form Is Used In Throat

Paint. Used As Dye Fabrics And In Tanning Leather. Used In The Manufacturing Of Ink That Is Used In

Photography. It Also Posses Disinfectant Property.

1.ferrous sulfate is used to prevent and to treat diff…1) Megaloblastic anemia is a blood disorder in which there is anemia with larger-than-normal red blood cells.

2) Iron Deficiency Anemia or Microcytic Anemia…

It is where the red blood cells appear smaller than normal.

3) Pernicious Anemia

This is a kind of anemia also called Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

symptoms, numbness of feet and hands, eye vision problems, and difficulty in walking.

4) Folic Acid Deficiency AnemiaThis anemia results from lack of folic acid.

Folic acid is necessary for proper functioning of the nervous system and in maintaining the blood health

5) Aplastic Anemia

It is one of the rare anemia types. This is commonly caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and some other medications.

6) Sickle Cell Anemia

This kind of disease is characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells. These cells have faster rate of breaking down than the normal cells. This often results to red blood cell shortage. It is a type of anemia where rapid loss of red blood cell occurs.

7) Thalassemia

This can cause the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules, thus causing anemia.

Some of its symptoms include dark urine, yellow eyes and skin, fatigue, swollen abdomen, and weakness.

Uses: Used as Haematinic in the treatment

of Meghaloblastic anaemia. Prophylactically it is used in

pregnancy in womens. As an astringent-it’s ferric form is

used in throat paint. Used as Dye fabrics and in tanning

leather. Used in the manufacturing of ink

that is used in photography. It also posses Disinfectant property.

Official Preparations of Iron:Ferrous Sulphate.Ferrous Fumarate.Ferrous GluconateIron & Ammonium Citrate. Ferrous succinate B.P.Ferric chloride B.P.C. Iron phosphate B.P.C. Iron Dextran Injection B.P. Iron sorbitol Injection B.P.

Iodine…..Iodine is necessary for synthesis for 2 thyroid hormones namely

T3(Triiodothyronine) Thyroxine(T4).

T3 AND T4……..

HYPERTHYROIDISM(Thyrotoxicosis)'Overactive Thyroid‘

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormones.

Symptoms..Goiter (visibly enlarged thyroid) may be present.

SYMPTOMS….Weight lossIncreased appetiteNervousnessRestlessnessHeat intoleranceIncreased sweatingFatigueFrequent bowel movementsMenstrual irregularities in women

CONT….WeaknessSleeping difficultyClammy skinSkin blushing or flushingBounding pulseNausea and vomitingLack of menstruationItching - overallHeartbeat sensations

CONT…Hand tremorHair lossDiarrheaBreast development in menHigh blood pressureProtruding eyes (exophthalmos)

Symptoms Of Hyperthyroidism

Proptosis (protrusion of eyes) in Grave's Disease …In persons with Graves’ disease, the tissues around the eye, including the orbital fat and eye muscles, become swollen and inflamed.

Therapeutic uses of Iodine:1.Iodine is an essential trace element for

life.(Iodised salt also spelled iodized salt

is table salt mixed with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine.)

2. Disinfectant and water treatment.3. In Hyperthyroidism,goiter 4.A fibrolytic agent in syphilis. 5.An expectorant & bactericidal agent.

Ref..remaining in IODINE monograph.

Cont…

Refer to chapter Expectorants & Emetics. “Potassium Iodide”

Iodine & Povidone Iodine refer to Antimicrobials & astringents.

3) official preparations of Calcium:1.Calcium Gluconate:Chem. Form.:

C12H22O14Ca.H2O Mol.Wt.: 448.40.Synonyms: Calcium

glucon, Calcii gluconas, Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate.

Properties:White crystalline powder or as a white granules.

Odorless and almost tasteless.Slowly soluble in boiling water & insoluble in alcohol.

Neutral to litmus, stable in air.

2.Used In The Treatment Of…hypocalmic Tetany.

A disease caused by low level of calcium in the blood.

It is characterized by hyperexcitability of the neuromuscular system and result spasms

Uses…..1.10% calcium

gluconate solution (given intravenously) is the form of calcium most widely used  hypocalcemia.

Cont…3.Internally it is ionized into Ca+2

i.e. used by the body when needed.

For E.g.a)Essential electrolyte for electrolyte balance.b) Constituent of bones.c)Necessary for muscular contraction

Cont…d) Necessary for the development of

action potential.

e) Ca+2 Involved in blood coagulation.

f) Used in fractures, dental carries, period of growth, Pregnancy, weakness & lactation.

Rickets…

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium, phosphorus or calcium.

Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization DUE TO inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium.

OSTEOMALACIA

Osteoporosis ("porous bones", from Greek: ostoun meaning "bone" and poros meaning "pore") is a diseaseof bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture In osteoporosis The Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Is reduced, bone micro architecture deteriorates, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered .

Action potential…An action potential

is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory .

Ca+2 Involved in blood coagulation.

Official preparations of Calcium:Calcium Carbonate (Antacid) Calcium Gluconate (Calcium replenisher) Calcium Folinate (Antidote for folate antagonists) Calcium chloride (Calcium replenisher) Calcium lactate (Calcium replenisher) Calcium Levutinate (Calcium replenisher) Dibasic calcium phosphate (Calcium supplements) Tribasic calcium phosphate (Dibasic) Calcium Pantothenate (Vit. B enzyme cofactor).

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