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2 Editorial: Display Week Comes Homen By Stephen P. Atwood

4 President’s Corner: SID: The Society for “Interactive” Display?n By Yong-Seog Kim

6 Industry Newsn By Jenny Donelan

8 Best Displays, Components, and Applications: 2017 Display Industry Awards Each year, SID’s Display Industry Awards Committee selects award winners that have advanced the state of the art of display products and technology in the categories of Display of the Year, Display Component of the Year, and Display Application of the Year.n Compiled by Jenny Donelan

12 Frontline Technology: Automotive Interior Lighting Evolves with LEDsA new platform to revolutionize in-car lighting control incorporates up to 4,096 LEDs that are individually addressable from a single system controller.n By Robert Isele, Roland Neumann, and Karlheinz Blankenbach

18 Frontline Technology: Plastic Displays Will Play a Major Role in AutomotiveHMIsAutomotive trends, including increasing reliance on the human-machine interface (HMI) for the vehicle, indicate that future displays will need to be curved and shaped to fit any surface in the car. To speed adoption and reduce costs, it is desirable that this new generation of displays is manufactured using the existing automotive supply chain and building as much as possible on proven technologies.n By Simon Jones

24 Making Displays Work for You: Create Higher Resolution Displays with theVESA DSC StandardAs consumer demand for ultra high-definition display products grows, designers are faced with manysystem design challenges associated with handling increased video throughput. The VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC) standard offers a compelling solution for enhancing display resolution up to8K for a number of applications without having to compromise on display quality, battery life, or cost.n By Alain Legault and Emma-Jane Crozier

30 Display Marketplace: Automotive Trends Drive Vehicular DisplaysDisplay Week will offer many opportunities to learn about the latest advancements in vehicular displays. Trends such as larger and more plentiful automotive displays, HUDs, the connected car, ADAS, and autonomous driving are informing these new developments.n By Ken Werner

36 Q&A: ID Interviews Seth Coe-Sullivan, VP and CTO for Luminitn Conducted by Jenny Donelan

38 Trade-Show Preview: Products on Display at Display Week 2017Some of the products on display at North America’s largest electronic display exhibition are featured.n Compiled by the editorial staff

54 SID News: LA Chapter One-Day Conference Highlights ApplicationsThe Los Angeles chapter’s annual event featured presentations on quantum dots, high dynamic range, human vision, head-up displays for cars, direct-view LEDs, light-shaping technology, and smart windows.n By Ken Werner

60 Corporate Members and Index to Advertisers

Information Display 3/17 1

MAY/JUNE 2017VOL. 33, NO. 3

InformationDISPLAYcontents

For Industry News, New Products, Current and Forthcoming Articles, see www.informationdisplay.org

INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN 0362-0972) is published 6 times ayear for the Society for Information Display by Palisades ConventionManagement, 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10003;William Klein, President and CEO. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESSOFFICES: Jenny Donelan, Editor in Chief, Palisades ConventionManagement, 411 Lafayette Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10003;telephone 212/460-9700. Send manuscripts to the attention of theEditor, ID. SID HEADQUARTERS, for correspondence on sub-scriptions and membership: Society for Information Display, 1475 S. Bascom Ave., Ste. 114, Campbell, CA 95008; telephone 408/879-3901, fax -3833. SUB SCRIP TIONS: Information Display is distributedwithout charge to those qualified and to SID members as a benefit ofmembership (annual dues $100.00). Subscriptions to others: U.S. &Canada: $75.00 one year, $7.50 single copy; elsewhere: $100.00 oneyear, $7.50 single copy. PRINTED by Wiley & Sons. PERMISSIONS:Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are per-mitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the U.S. copyright law forprivate use of patrons, providing a fee of $2.00 per article is paid to theCopyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970(reference serial code 0362-0972/17/$1.00 + $0.00). Instructors arepermitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroomuse without fee. This permission does not apply to any special reportsor lists published in this magazine. For other copying, reprint orrepublication permission, write to Society for Information Display, 1475S. Bascom Ave., Ste. 114, Campbell, CA 95008. Copyright © 2017Society for Information Display. All rights reserved.

In the Next Issue ofInformation Display

Wearable/Flexible Technology• Smart Fabrics• Stretchable Oxide TFT• Digital Signage Based on ElectronicInk

• Polysulfide Substrate Materials forFlexible Electronics

• Market Outlook for Flexible Technology• Q&A with Pixel Scientific

SIDSOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY

Cover Design: Jodi Buckley

ON THE COVER: The winners of this year’s Display Industry Awards are, clockwise from top: LG Display’s 65-in. Wallpaper OLED TV, Apple’s MacBook Pro with Touch Bar, Sony’s PlayStation VR, Samsung Display’sQuad-bended Flexible AMOLED Display,Nanosys’s Hyperion Quantum Dots, andLuminit’s Transparent Holographic Componentfor Motorcycle Head-up Display. The automotiveinterior artwork in the background was providedby BMW/Inova Semiconductors.

ID TOC Issue3 p1_Layout 1 4/25/2017 7:23 AM Page 1


Display Week Comes Homeby Stephen P. Atwood

Welcome to Los Angeles for our 54th annual Display Weekevent! This year we visit the city widely considered the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. It’s also the birthplace of the Society for Information Display, back in 1962 on the campus of UCLA, and the home of one of our most active SID

chapters. There is a deep and rich history of display technology development in this place, and Southern California continues to be a hotbed of innovation in manyimportant display-related areas. If you are new to LA, I hope you will find the time to get around the city and

see some of the more famous landmarks, such as Hollywood Boulevard and the Hollywood Bowl, the Capitol Records Building, the Cathedral of Our Lady of theAngels, the TCL Chinese Theatre, the Dolby Theatre, Griffith Observatory, the GettyCenter, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Venice Canal Historic District and boardwalk, the Wilshire Grand Center, the Battleship USS Iowa, Dodger Stadium, and Olvera Street. However, I bet it will be hard to make the time because of the incredibly busy

calendar right here at Display Week 2017, which includes the SID International Technical Symposium and Exhibition as well as the Market Focus Conferences, Business Conference, Investors Conference, Seminars, Short Courses, and the manyother great happenings that are organized each year for your benefit and enjoyment. This year, Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) and the Society for Informa-

tion Display have co-organized the SID Display Week 2017 Business Track. The Business Track will consist of three whole-day conferences held from Monday toWednesday, featuring presentations from prominent executives of leading companiesthroughout the display ecosystem. There will be two Market Focus conferences thisyear, one concentrating on the critical market development issues facing automotivedisplays, and the other focusing on AR/VR/wearables. New this year on Sunday willbe a full-day training course on display metrology and the methods of the SID/ICDMDisplay Metrology Standard. Also new this year is a very special forum on Wednesdayafternoon titled Women in Tech, which will feature personal and professional insightsfrom some of today’s top female technology leaders.When exploring the exhibits, don’t forget to make time for the I-Zone. The Innova-

tion Zone is a three-day exhibit of pre-commercial prototypes by academics, startups,and large companies. Following SID’s mantra of “showing you tomorrow’s technol-ogy today,” the I-Zone has been a big hit since its debut in 2012, and 2017 similarlypromises to have the most exciting prototypes on display.Display Week is a big event, and no one person can see it all. Hopefully you brought

along some colleagues to help you divide and conquer everything of interest, but incase you didn’t, we have you covered. Information Display has invited a prestigiousteam of freelance technology enthusiasts to report on all the happenings, and they willbe hard at work covering everything they can. We will have daily blog updates on theID website (www.informationdisplay.org) and a full issue of post-show coverage laterin the year. If you see anyone from our team walking around with a press badge thatreads “Information Display” on it, please introduce yourself, ask questions, and shareyour interests so we can make sure we cover the things that interest you most.

2 Information Display 3/17

Executive Editor: Stephen P. Atwood617/306-9729, [email protected]

Editor in Chief: Jenny Donelan603/924-9628, [email protected]

Global Advertising Director: Stephen Jezzard, [email protected]

Senior Account ManagerPrint & E-Advertising: Roland Espinosa201/748-6819, [email protected]

Editorial Advisory BoardStephen P. Atwood, Chair

Azonix Corp.

Ionnis ( John) KymissisElectrical Engineering Department, Columbia

University

Allan KmetzConsultant

Larry WeberConsultant

Guest EditorsApplied Vision

Martin Banks, University of California at Berkeley

Automotive DisplaysKarlheinz Blankenbach, Pforzheim University

Digital Signage Gary Feather, NanoLumens

MaterialsIon Bita, Apple

Wearables/FlexibleRuiqing (Ray) Ma, Universal Display Corp.

Light-Field and Holographic SystemsNikhil Balram, Google

Contributing EditorsAlfred Poor, ConsultantSteve Sechrist, ConsultantPaul Semenza, ConsultantJason Heikenfeld, University of Cincinnati Raymond M. Soneira, DisplayMate Technologies

InformationDISPLAY

The opinions expressed in editorials, columns, and feature articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions ofthe executive editor or publisher of Information Displaymagazine, nor do they necessarily reflect the position ofthe Society for Information Display.

editorial

(continued on page 58)

ID Editorial Issue3 p2,58-59_Layout 1 4/21/2017 12:57 PM Page 2






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SID: The Society for “Interactive” Display?

by Yong-Seog KimPresident, Society for Information DisplayGreetings and a warm welcome to all at Display Week

2017 in Los Angeles! As of this writing, final preparations are under way as

SID heads to Los Angeles for its annual Display Weekevent. Los Angeles is a beautiful city that is well known forits movie industry and international culture. Therefore, the

Los Angeles Convention Center (LACC) is a perfect fit for this year’s Display Week:SID has been covering more augmented-reality (AR) and virtual-reality (VR) technol-ogy in recent years, and half of its membership is now from countries other than theUS. Los Angeles is easily accessible, with many daily nonstop flights from majorcities throughout Asia, Europe, and the US. It’s important to note that the neighbor-hood immediately surrounding the LACC has been recently redeveloped, making theenvironment safer and more convenient for the attendees of Display Week. I hope you will enjoy LA during your visit to Display Week 2017. It’s an exciting time for SID, as we continue to grow and adapt to newly developing

technologies related to information displays. When SID was established in 1962, cathode ray tube (CRT) was the dominant display technology. Over the past twodecades, Display Week became the must-visit event for the introduction of new flat-panel technologies and products. Now, as the result of intense research activity,flat-panel display technology has become fairly mature, and SID is again morphing its focus to include new areas such as AR/VR, vehicular displays, and wearable displays, to name just a few.To provide a forum at Display Week for newly developing technologies, SID creates

special technology tracks each year within its technical symposium. This year’s tracksare AR/VR, Digital Signage Display Solutions, Display Materials and Processes, andWearable Displays. These special tracks have always drawn significant interest fromattendees and in past years have attracted large audiences – sometimes as many as 500people – to the sessions. This is in part a reflection of the rapidly growing industry ofsystem integration in the United States, which in turn is reflected in the growth of US SID members in recent years. This US membership growth is coming from the system integrators rather than the core panel-display industry, which is now based primarily in Asia.

Display Week Is a Hub for System Integrators, Material Suppliers, andPanel MakersThe rapid growth of the system integration industry sector in the US puts SID in aunique position within the information display industry. Display Week has become the place where display material suppliers from Europe, panel makers from Asia, and system integrators from the US meet to discuss the future of the display industry. Display Week provides the ideal forum for these attendees to share their visions and to find ways to collaborate with each other in their research as well as in productdevelopment.As is the case every year, Display Week 2017 promises to reveal many exciting

technical developments. The event will kick off with keynote presentations featuringthree renowned leaders in the fields of OLED displays, AR/VR, and vehicular elec-tronics. These keynote presentations have always been a source of inspiration and a signpost to where the industry is heading. This year will be no exception.


president’s corner


SID EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEPresident: Y. S. KimPresident-Elect: H. SeetzenRegional VP, Americas: S. PeruvembaRegional VP, Asia: X. YanRegional VP, Europe: P. KathirgamanathanTreasurer: T. TsujimuraSecretary: A. BhowmikPast President: A. Ghosh

DIRECTORSBangalore: T. RuckmongathenBay Area: J. MillerBeijing: Q. YanBelarus: A. SmirnovCanada: J. ViethGreater Dayton: D. G. HopperDelaware Valley: J. W. Parker IIIMetropolitan Detroit: J. KanickiFrance: F. TemplierHong Kong: H. S. KwokIndia: V. N. MohapatraIsrael: G. GolanJapan: K. KondohKorea: J. SoukLatin America: A. MammanaLos Angeles: L. TannasMid-Atlantic: J. KymissisMid-Europe: H. De SmetNew England: R. PowellPacific Northwest: A. AbileahRussia: V. BelyaevSingapore: T. WongSouthwest: K. SarmaTaipei: J. ChenTexas: Z. YanivU.K. & Ireland: S. DayUkraine: V. SerganUpper Midwest: B. Hufnagel

COMMITTEE CHAIRSAcademic: H. J. KimArchives: L. Tannas, Jr.Audit: S. O’Rourke / R. PowellBylaws: A. SilzarsChapter Formation: D. McCartneyConventions: P. DrzaicConventions Vice-Chair, BC and MC: A. SilzarsConventions Vice-Chair, Europe: I. SageConventions Vice-Chair, Asia: K.-W. WhangDefinitions & Standards: T. FiskeDisplay Industry Awards: W. ChenHonors & Awards: S-T. WuI-Zone: H. DoshiInvestment: H. SeetzenLong-Range Planning: H. SeetzenMarketing: S. PeruvembaMembership: H.-S. KwokMembership Vice-Chair, Social Media: H. AtkuriNominating: A. GhoshPublications: J. KymissisSenior Member Grade: H. SeetzenWeb Site: H. Seetzen

CHAPTER CHAIRSBangalore: S. SambadamBay Area: R. GrulkheBeijing: N. XuBelarus: V. A. VyssotskiCanada: A. KitaiDayton: J. LuuDelaware Valley: J. BlakeDetroit: J. ByrdFrance: L. VignauHong Kong: M. WongIndia: S. KauraIsrael: I. Ben DavidJapan: K. KondoKorea: S. T. ShinLatin America: V. MammanaLos Angeles: L. IboshiMid-Atlantic: G. MelnikMid-Europe: H. J. LempNew England: J. GandhiPacific Northwest: K. YugawaRussia: M. SychovSingapore/Malaysia: C. C. ChaoSouthwest: M. StrnadTaipei: C. C. WuTexas: R. FinkU.K. & Ireland: M. JonesUkraine: V. SorokinUpper Mid-West: M. Wilson

SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY1475 S. Bascom Ave., Ste. 114, Campbell, CA 95008408/879-3901 e-mail: [email protected]://www.sid.org

ID Presidents Corner p4,52_Layout 1 4/21/2017 2:02 PM Page 4


http://www.sid.org

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DisplayMate Rates the Galaxy S8DisplayMate’s Ray Soneira has released his report on the OLED display in Samsung’s newest flag-ship smartphone – the Galaxy S8. Here are a few of the highlights from his extensive report, whichcan be accessed in full at www.displaymate.com/Galaxy_S8_ShootOut_01.htm.The Galaxy S8 (5.8 inches) and Galaxy S8+ (6.2 inches) have new, state-of-the-art flexible OLED

displays, together with a radical new full-display screen design that fills almost the entire front faceof the phone, providing a significantly larger display for the same size device (Fig. 1).

Both models have dual-edge,curved-screen, flexible OLEDdisplays. While the display itselfis flexible, the screen remainsrigid under an outer hard cover-glass that is hot-formed into arigid curved screen. The curvedscreen provides two additionaluser-configurable edge-screenareas that can be viewed fromboth the front and the sides, evenwhen the phone is placed facedown. With the “always on dis-play mode,” the edge screen caneven be used as a night-timeclock for your bedside table.Below are some of the out-

standing features of the GalaxyS8 (the unit tested by Display-Mate):

• A new 3K, 2,960 x 1,440 display that fills almost the entire front face of the phone fromedge to edge, resulting in a 5.8-in. display with a taller height-to-width aspect ratio of 18.5 : 9 = 2.05. (The S8’s predecessor, the Galaxy S7, had a 2.5K, 2,560 × 1,440 resolutiondisplay.) The display area of the Galaxy S8 is also 18% larger than that of the Galaxy S7 for the same size phone.

• A new and accurate, 100% DCI-P3 color gamut that is also used for 4K TVs. This is thefirst smartphone to be certified by the UHD Alliance for Mobile HDR Premium to play allof the latest content produced for 4K UHD Premium TVs.

• The native color gamut of the Galaxy S8 is the result of its new, high-saturation “DeepRed” OLED, resulting in a very impressive 113% of DCI-P3 and 142% of sRGB/Rec.709gamut. It also produces better on-screen colors in high ambient light.

• The Galaxy S8 has 5% to 19% higher screen luminance than its predecessor, plus a recordpeak luminance of over 1,000 nits.

The Galaxy S8 is the first in a new generation of OLED smartphones. OLEDs have nowevolved and emerged as the premium mobile smartphone display technology. More than twodozen manufacturers already make OLED smartphones, and the full-screen display design usinga flexible OLED will be the new standard for all future top-tier smartphones. In short: TheGalaxy S8 is the most innovative and high-performance smartphone display that DisplayMatehas ever lab tested, earning a highest-ever grade of A+.

E Ink and Sony Semiconductor Solutions Establish Joint Venture E Ink and Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation have announced a joint venture for plan-ning, designing, developing, manufacturing, selling, distributing, and licensing products that useelectronic paper displays, as well as related applications.E Ink and Sony have worked together on various e-paper related projects since 2004. The

joint venture is officially registered in Taiwan; operations will commence pending regulatoryapprovals. (continued on page 53)


industry news

Fig. 1: Samsung’s new 5.8-in. Galaxy S8 (left) and 6.2-in.Galaxy S8+ (right) feature displays that cover nearly theentire front face of the phone. The Galaxy S8 has a 570-ppidisplay, and the Galaxy S8+ has a 529-ppi display. Photos: Samsung

Product BriefsInstrument Systems recently pre-viewed its new CAS 140D spectroradiome-ter, the fourth generation of the company’sCAS series. The CAS 140D has improvedoptical and mechanical construction and issmaller and simpler to integrate into exist-ing measurement environments than itspredecessors. It also has a changeableinterface between the spectrometer andcontrol computer.

LCDTERM’s new programming-freeLCD user interface (UI) uses a three-button keyboard for seamless and code-free integration onto any embedded platform,eliminating the need for developers towrite software to control the display. TheLCDTERM interface includes all controlfirmware on board, utilizes a speedy ARMM0 processor, and comes with a free application programming interface (API).Included fonts and user-defined bitmapsallow for the addition of 64K-color displaysto any embedded system. Display sizesinclude 1.77, 2.8, and 5 inches.

Osram Opto Semiconductors isexpanding its Oslux product family for bio-metric security solutions with a speciallydesigned variant for facial recognition, theSFH 4796S. This compact infrared LED(IRED) ensures uniform illumination offacial features for high image quality.

Solar-Tectic LLC recently announcedthat it has succeeded in developing a newsapphire glass technique involving the deposition of a highly transparent crys-talline Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) thin film on ordinary soda-lime glass, via a thinbuffer layer, using a simple and commondeposition technique (e-beam evaporation).The resulting material is lighter and muchless expensive than single-crystal sapphire,and is easily scalable for manufacturing andcommercialization. Solar-Tectic’s sapphirefilm is extremely thin, which it claims isimportant for cost reduction in manufactur-ing, and is rated an 8 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which equates to atopaz. (Quartz is rated a 7 and a diamond is rated a 10 on the scale.)

ID Industry News Issue3 p6_Layout 1 4/25/2017 7:26 AM Page 6

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THREE out of six Display Industry Awardwinners this year are based on OLEDs. That includes LG Display’s sizable 65-in. Wallpaper TV, as well as two much smaller panels –Samsung’s 139.5-mm. quad-bended displayfor the Galaxy S7 Edge, and the 5.7-in. OLEDdisplay in the PlayStation VR. Even the LCD-based MacBook Pro, recipient of an applica-tion award, won in large part on the basis ofits novel, integrated OLED-based touch bar. This isn’t the first time that OLED inno-

vations have led the way in SID’s annualawards. But it is the first year they have doneso in a field so largely devoid of LCDs.(Although it should be noted that one of thecomponent winners, Nanosys’s Hyperionquantum dots, exists – at least at present –primarily to enhance LCD panels.)This is not to say that OLEDs are replacing

liquid crystals as the dominant display mate-rial in the same way that LCs pushed asidecathode ray tubes (CRTs) years ago. LCDTVs, whether enhanced with LEDs, quantumdots, or both, still outsell OLED TVs, and areexpected to do so for the foreseeable future, according to market analyst Jennifer Colegrove. She is quoted in this issue’s SID News to saythat she predicts OLED TV market share willnot exceed 6% of the overall market throughat least 2021. For smartphones, the OLED vs.LCD battle is much closer, with an increasingnumber of smartphones based on AMOLED

technology. (See DisplayMate’s review ofSamsung’s new OLED-based smartphones inthis issue’s Industry News.) The point, of course, is not so much which

technology is leading the marketplace byitself, but how many cool products we canmake with that technology. It’s exciting toimagine the future evolution of products likeLG Display’s Wallpaper TV – what if we had“peel and stick” displays that we could movearound the house wherever we wanted? Anddevices like Sony’s PlayStationVR, whichoffer a greater sense of immersion than usershave enjoyed before, seem like a step closer to the virtual “holodeck” of Star Trek TNGfame. What’s exciting is that there are somany technologies available for firing theimaginations of researchers. It’s a good timeto work in displays. With that, we applaud the winners of this

year’s Display Industry Awards. May theresearchers, engineers, chemists, and design-ers at these companies never stop innovating.Please join us in saluting their efforts.

Display of the YearThis award is granted to display products withthe most significant technological advances oroutstanding features.

LG Display’s 65-in. Wallpaper OLED TVIn 2013, LG Display launched one of the

world’s first 55-in. full-high-definition (FHD)OLED TVs. In 2015, the company introduceda lineup of 55-in., 65-in., and 77-in. ultra-high-definition (UHD) OLED TVs. LG

Display then incorporated high-dynamic range(HDR) and Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI)technologies into these TVs to improve the picture quality, and developed curved, 4-sided-borderless, and slim designs for improveddesign differentiation. In 2016 and 2017, LG Display launched

its Wallpaper OLED TV panels. Its 65-in.Wallpaper OLED display demonstrates a combination of excellent image quality andstreamlined design that is possible only withOLED technology. The panel’s most notablefeature is the unique form factor: It’s muchslimmer and lighter (with a thickness of 3.9mm and a weight of 7.4 kilograms) than con-ventional TVs, and fits right against a wall –hence the name “Wallpaper.” For the Wallpaper display, LG developed a

unique interface based on the V-by-One HSdigital signaling standard, and included high-bandwidth digital-content protection (HDCP)in order to transmit video data and control signals between the display and the driver circuit board. The company also designed aslim, flat external cable (0.47 m) that enablessimultaneous transmission of panel power andvideo data to the UHD panel – 700 watts ofpower and a frame rate of up to 120Hz. Thisis an industry first, and allows the driver cir-cuit board and power unit to be separate fromthe panel rather than mounted on the back, asis typically done for TVs. This is part of whatenables the panel to be so thin – the driver circuit board and the power unit together areabout one-third the size of the panel, with athickness of more than 20 mm. For optimal

2017 Display Industry AwardsEach year, SID’s Display Industry Awards Committee selects products that have advanced the state of the art of display technology in the categories of Display of the Year, Display Component of the Year, and Display Application of the Year.

Compiled by Jenny Donelan

Jenny Donelan is the editor in chief ofInformation Display. She can be reached [email protected].

8 Information Display 3/170362-0972/3/2017-008$1.00 + .00 © SID 2017

best displays, components, and applications

ID Donelan DIAwards p8-11_Layout 1 4/21/2017 2:13 PM Page 8


attachment to the wall, LG Display also devel-oped a back cover less than 3 mm thick thatuses magnetic sheets and a hook. LG Display anticipates that the Wallpaper

form factor will be a trendsetter in the TVmarket.

Samsung Display’s Quad-bended FlexibleAMOLED DisplaySince 2013, Samsung Display has regularly

launched new products based on flexible dis-plays that enable smartphone design innova-tion. The company’s first flexible product wasa curved AMOLED display (SID’s 2014 Display of the Year); the next was a bendedAMOLED display (YOUM, which was SID’s2015 Display of the Year). In 2016, Samsung Display launched a new

flexible product, the Quad-bended AMOLEDDisplay, which surpasses the company’s pre-vious flexible offerings in many ways. Tobegin with, its “quad edge” flexible technol-ogy, a world’s first, is not only on the sides ofthe display, but on the top and bottom as well.Samsung created this display, used in the

Galaxy S7 Edge smartphone, by adopting special curved technology that varies theradius for the curvature of the OLED panelfrom 35R to 3.8R. This enables the Galaxy S7Edge to attain extremely fine contours andprovide a more comfortable grip for the user.To make a naturally appearing curved edge, a four-step radius (35R, 9.4R, 5.4R, 3.8R)design process was applied to the left andright edges and a 25R radius was applied tothe top and bottom.1 The quad-bendedAMOLED flexible display’s efficient circuitplan also dramatically reduces dead spacearound the edges of the display to 1.09 mm –a record metric for Samsung Display. In addition to all these design advantages,

the display provides very high image quality.It has quad HD (2,560 x 1,440 resolution at577 ppi) and meets Adobe RGB at 100% withan infinite contrast ratio.1

Display Components of the YearThis award is granted for novel componentsthat have significantly enhanced the perform-ance of a display. A component is sold as aseparate part destined to be incorporated intoa display. A component may also include display-enhancing materials and/or parts fabricated with new processes.

Luminit’s Transparent Holographic Component for Motorcycle Head-up Display Luminit’s patented holographic master

recording technology has led to a number of breakthroughs in special-purpose head-mounted displays (HMDs) and head-up displays (HUDs), including, most recently, the company’s transparent holographic com-ponents (THCs). These components offer multiple opportunities for the automotive and wearables industries for head-up, helmet-mounted, or near-to-eye display systems. REYEDR, a developer of HUDs for motorcycles, created the first display product for the public that uses Luminit’soptical components.


DISPLAYS OF THE YEAR

The Displays of the Year are LG Display’s 65-in. Wallpaper OLED TV (left) and Samsung Display’s Quad-bended Flexible AMOLED Display (right).

1http://www.samsungsemiblog.com/displays/quad-edge-display-accelerating-the-evolution-of-curved-smartphones/

ID Donelan DIAwards p8-11_Layout 1 4/25/2017 8:41 AM Page 9

http://www.samsungsemiblog.com/displays/quad-edge-display-accelerating-the-evolution-of-curved-smartphones/

With Luminit THC, holographic wavefrontsare embedded onto a thin, clear photopolymerfilm that can be applied to glass or acrylic surfaces such as a helmet visor or eyeglasses.When an image is projected onto the surface,the THC translates that information into a virtual image to the viewer. The transparentfilm is lightweight and allows the maximumamount of light (>90%) from the forward field of view to pass through to the viewer.Because the holographic information is captured on thin, flexible film, engineers cancreate unique displays that would otherwisebe too heavy or impractical with conventionaloptics. THC replaces conventional, prism-based optics with fully see-through technol-ogy that allows the images to be viewed at avirtual distance without added weight to theuser. Luminit’s THCs are the first mass-produced,

volume holographic components to be utilizedin displays. In the REYEDR product, theholograms are integrated into a novel, non-planar waveguide, offering improvedergonomics and industrial design relative to

conventional, flat, waveguide optics. THCenables HUD systems with a virtual image,eliminating the need for eye accommodationwhile riding or driving. Luminit’s roll-to-rollmass production of volume holograms allowsTHC to enter the market at a cost point con-sistent with consumer electronics pricing foraugmented reality.

Nanosys’s Hyperion Quantum Dots Nanosys’s Hyperion Quantum Dots repre-

sent a significant development breakthroughfor enabling displays to meet the BT.2020ultra-high-definition (UHD) color standard.These quantum dots match the color perform-ance of the industry’s best cadmium-basedmaterials without requiring an exemption to the European Union’s Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive.Nanosys has partnered with Hitachi

Chemical to begin mass-producing quantum-dot enhancement film (QDEF) with Hyperionquantum dots immediately. These materialsintegrate seamlessly into Nanosys’s currentQDEF manufacturing process.

Nanosys has demonstrated over 90% BT.2020 color gamut using Hyperion Quantum Dots in a sheet of QDEF with cadmium levelsbelow the 100-ppm limit established by theRoHS Directive, thereby eliminating the needfor an exemption. This is accomplished bycombining an entirely cadmium-free redquantum dot with a green quantum dot engi-neered to have an exceptionally narrow emis-sion spectrum and ultra-low cadmium content.With Hyperion quantum dots, display makersfinally have a long-term, RoHS-compliantquantum dot material for BT.2020 displays.

Display Applications of the YearThis award is granted for novel and outstand-ing applications of a display, where the display itself is not necessarily a new device.

Apple’s MacBook Pro with Touch BarApple brings a new dimension of interactiv-

ity to the MacBook Pro with the revolutionarynew Touch Bar. The Touch Bar is a multi-touch, Retina-resolution OLED display righton the keyboard. It delivers useful shortcuts

best displays, components, and applications


DISPLAY COMPONENTS OF THE YEAR

The Display Components of the Year are Luminit’s Transparent Holographic Component for Motorcycle Head-up Display (left), shown here on ahelmet from REYEDR, and Nanosys’s Hyperion Quantum Dots (right).


and tools to your fingertips, based on the appyou’re in and what you’re doing within it. Bydelivering context-specific features and con-trols, the Touch Bar can make an unfamiliarapp more accessible to a new user, and it canempower pros by enabling greater efficiencyin their workflows.From a technical standpoint, the creation of

the Touch Bar required many breakthroughsin the field of OLED displays. In particular,the Touch Bar features a Retina-resolution(221-dpi) display, which enables sharp, print-quality icons and fonts. Additionally, theTouch Bar cover glass is engineered withnano-structures to minimize surface reflectionand distortion, giving the Touch Bar a lookand feel that blend seamlessly into the key-board. The inclusion of the Touch Bar on theMacBook Pro also inspired enhancements toits high-luminance liquid-crystal main display.The polarizers in both displays are designed tominimize surface reflection from the otherdisplay and to reduce other ambient cross-talk. Color management is synchronized inboth displays to provide matching color

between the Touch Bar and the main display,an aspect that visual artists and creative prosespecially appreciate. Overall, the Touch Barmarries the input and display of informationwithin a laptop architecture in a novel wayand radically reimagines the interplay of hardware and software on the MacBook Pro.

Sony’s PlayStation VRThe PlayStation VR (PS VR) is a virtual

reality (VR) system that takes the PlayStation4 system to the next level of immersion, anddemonstrates the future of gaming. PS VRenables players to experience a sense of presence, where they feel as though they arephysically inside the virtual world of a game. The PS VR headset is equipped with a

5.7-in. 1,920 × RGB × 1,080 resolution OLEDdisplay, which enables low persistence andremoves motion blur or flicker. With full RGBsub-pixel structure in full HD resolution andan original optical element on the top of thedisplay, “screen door effect” (a visual artifactof displays, in which the fine lines separatingpixels or subpixels become visible in the dis-

played image) is minimized, even with anapproximately 100-degree-wide field of view. In addition, the OLED display supports a

120Hz refresh rate and produces extremelysmooth visual imagery, achieving a new levelof visual experience. All those optimized display features for VR help deliver that senseof “being there” for the player. n


DISPLAY APPLICATIONS OF THE YEAR

The Display Applications of the Year are (left) Apple’s MacBook Pro with Touch Bar and (right) Sony’s PlayStation VR.

For the latestinformation onDisplay Week

2017:www.displayweek.org


http://www.displayweek.org

CAR interiors have undergone morethan 100 years of development, and now constitute an unmistakably modern, techno-logically rich environment, sometimes also referred to as the driver’s workplace. Over this long period, even over the past few decades,we have been witness to several truly revolu-tionary milestones, with entertainment systems, driver assistance, displays, and lighting raising the expectations of both drivers and passengers. Today, developments in car sharing, electrifi-cation, and autonomous driving are puttinggreater focus on the car’s interior. Modernmaterials, interactive displays, and ambientlighting are all a part of this development.

Interior lighting inside today’s motor vehicles is becoming an increasingly impor-tant selling point. Ambient light inside a car

has the power to elicit both positive and nega-tive emotional responses from drivers andpassengers. It can also play a key role in shap-ing a potential customer’s initial reactionwhen seated inside a vehicle in a showroom.First impressions count! So, logically, car-makers are seeking to create a lighting experi-ence “like no other” that will make their brandstand out from the competition by creating aunique in-vehicle atmosphere that enhancesusers’ emotional connection with the vehicle.

LED Control IssuesIn recent years, LEDs have become anaccepted standard for high-end, in-car light-ing; nevertheless, there exist significant limi-tations to the way they are controlled. Presentstate-of-the-art “ambient light” technologytypically consists of a multicolor LED feedingan optical fiber (Fig. 1).

The flexibility and visual impact of thisexisting technology are severely limited, andits effect is often somewhat mediocre, due tothe fact that the luminance and color perform-ance of these LEDs can, as a rule, only beconfigured en masse or in relatively largegroups. A central controller manages theLEDs via a local interconnect network (LIN),a serial network protocol that has becomepopular in many automotive applications as alower-cost alternative to the controller areanetwork (CAN) bus variant.

A more innovative approach is to mount 10 to 30 LEDs on a flexible light strip, wherea controller converts commands into currentpulses for each RGB LED individually,thereby enabling various colors and lightingeffects (Fig. 2). Unfortunately, this solutioninvolves significant drawbacks, as wavelengthand luminance tolerance variations lead to

Automotive Interior Lighting Evolves with LEDsA new platform to revolutionize in-car lighting control incorporates up to 4,096 LEDs that are individually addressable from a single system controller.

by Robert Isele, Roland Neumann, and Karlheinz Blankenbach

Robert Isele, electrics/electronics and drivingexperience environment, manager ambiencelight, modular system interior lighting atBMW, has an engineering degree in electron-ics from FH Munich. Roland Neumann,co-founder and VP of engineering/CTO atInova Semiconductors, studied telecommuni-cations at Karlsruhe University. He can bereached at [email protected]. Professor Dr. Karlheinz Blankenbach hasbeen a full professor at Pforzheim Universitysince 1995. He is the founder of the univer-sity’s display lab. He holds an M.Sc. (Diploma) in Physics and a Ph.D. degree, both from theUniversity of Ulm. He can be reached at [email protected].


frontline technology

Fig. 1: Most automotive interior color lighting uses multicolor LEDs that feed into opticalfibers. Source: BMW

ID Isele p12-16_Layout 1 4/21/2017 2:34 PM Page 12



non-uniform brightness and color perception.These effects are further exacerbated over avehicle’s lifetime due to aging effects andvarying temperature conditions along thelength of the LED strip. Another flaw of thisapproach is circuit and wiring complexity (see below; Fig. 4 vs. Fig. 5), increasedweight, and reduced flexibility.

This aging effect manifests itself in declin-ing luminance caused by falling efficiency,which is strongly affected by the LEDs’ tem-perature, and in particular, high temperaturesof long duration. Furthermore, temperaturescan vary widely throughout a car’s interior,and in some cases temperatures exhibit notice-able divergence even along a single LEDstrip. Another unfortunate detail is that thetemperature-related characteristics, i.e. lumi-nance and color coordinate shifts of green andblue LEDs, differ substantially from the char-acteristics of red LEDs.

These limitations notwithstanding, car man-ufacturers continue to demand further LEDfunctionality in order to support innovativefeatures and improve daytime LED visibility.While in 2010, a typical high-end vehiclemight have been fitted with fewer than 50LEDs, by year 2021 it is expected that morethan 300 LEDs will be on board (Fig. 3). Thisgrowth is primarily in RGB-type LEDs, wherethree LEDs are integrated into a single lightemitter. A controller is then required to set the individual color by means of RGB pulse-width modulations (PWMs), thus adding afurther unwelcome layer of complexity andcreating a system significantly more complexthan the white and monochrome LED plat-

forms that had dominated the market only afew years ago.

Requirements for In-car LED ControlTo meet their objectives, carmakers require asophisticated LED control platform that meetsa lengthy list of challenging requirements.First, each RGB LED on the color strip mustbe individually controllable in terms of lumi-nance and color, and second, it must enablecalibration. An example is the cross-fading ofadjacent LEDs from one color into another,where no brightness and color differencesshould be noticeable. Next, it must be possibleto compensate for the effects of temperatureand the non-uniform aging of the LEDs. Con-trol must be possible over various architec-

tures, and it must be straightforward to handleand manage the entire system. Such systemsmust also meet and ideally even exceed therigorous automotive quality standards fortechnology, production, and testing, and mustprovide advanced diagnostic capabilities. Fur-thermore, LED control electronics must meetthe safety and risk requirements as defined bythe Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)scheme and the International Organization forStandardization (ISO) 26262 functional safetystandard. Specific safety risks include, forexample, spontaneous switching on of LEDlighting, which could disturb the driver. It isalso vital to ensure that warnings by LEDs aredefinitively provided (e.g. ensure the LEDsare really lighting up by checking the currentthrough the LED at time of activation).

Only by ticking all these boxes can vehiclemanufacturers be assured of achieving theirgoals of daytime visibility, fine control overluminance and color, and homogenous light-ing with consistent output over the long term.These requirements simply cannot be met uti-lizing today’s LED control technology – anew approach is needed.

At the present point on the technologytimeline, a microcontroller containing LED-specific data utilizes current-mode drivers toindividually control each RGB LED. Thissolution typically proves to be too cumber-some and expensive to be viable, plagued bythe high number of integrated circuits andextensive wiring needed. This system design(see Fig. 4) requires high-speed, one-waycommunication to the LEDs and sub-con-


Fig. 2: Multiple RGB LEDs addressed by a system controller enable various colors and lightingeffects. Source: BMW

Fig. 3: The number of LEDs used in automotive interior lighting is rapidly increasing. Source: BMW


trollers, which impacts electromagnetic inter-ference (EMI) robustness, hampers usefuldiagnostics, and leads to latencies. To makematters worse, it is not feasible to captureindividual LED parameters such as function-ality and temperature degradation. In general,solutions similar to those used for LED videowalls are not suitable for advanced high-qual-ity automotive interior lighting.

A New LED Control Concept A new industry body – the Open ISELED(Intelligent Smart Embedded LED) Alliance –was formed to meet the challenge of provid-ing reliable, modern in-car LED lighting. Itspurpose is to provide a full and comprehen-sive ecosystem for a new digital LED concept.The founding partners are Inova Semiconduc-tors, Dominant Opto Technologies, NXP, TEConnectivity, and Pforzheim University.Working together, and in close cooperationwith BMW, these organizations have taken anew approach to interior automotive LEDlighting, which is now set to redefine theworld of automotive lighting. ISELED tech-nology enables true “digital” LEDs to be integrated into a motor vehicle, without thecomplications of today’s “analog”-based LEDconcepts.

Inova Semiconductors unveiled this revolu-tionary digital ISELED concept for automo-tive applications at the recent Electronicaexhibition in Germany. It addresses the needfor precise control of interior lighting withinthe automotive temperature range and life-time, respecting multiple automotive qualityand robustness requirements and inherent costimplications. It represents a completely newtechnical architecture for high-speed LEDcontrol.

This new concept (see Fig. 5) is builtaround a smart digital LED controller that isembedded in a tiny 3-mm × 4-mm RGB LEDpackage. The scalability of this approach willenable substantial cost savings and open upnew market opportunities. The upcoming gen-eration of interior car lighting will typicallyconsist of 10 to 30 LEDs mounted on a flexi-ble light strip. Each group of one red, onegreen, and one blue LED will form a “pixel,”which at 24-bit resolution (3 × 8 bit) can beset to more than 16 million colors.

The smart digital embedded LED controllerfrom Inova provides sophisticated calibrationfeatures, with no need for binning classes orbar coding. This ensures that every LED ren-

ders the same color and luminance over thefull temperature range, thereby guaranteeingautomotive-level illumination consistency,even accepting greater LED manufacturingtolerances than are currently attainable. Theactual emission of each of the three LEDs isoptically measured during the final test in realtime, thus enabling the delta between meas-ured and target value to be stored in the inte-grated LED controller. The LED controllerthen utilizes this information to correctly setthe LED drivers, thus ensuring that color andluminance correspond to the RGB settings.

Leveraging the experience gained during the development of its automotive pixel link (APIX) display interface standard, Inova has built a high-speed communications protocol that allows every LED to be individually addressed. By supporting data rates of up to 2 Mbit/s, the newprotocol enables fast, dynamic lighting effects.

A single microcontroller (Fig. 5, blue boxon the left), acting as the system controller,

can now manage an LED strip containing upto 4,096 LEDs, and each RGB LED modulenow has its own smart digital embedded LEDcontroller (Fig. 6). Bi-directional communica-tion between the system microcontroller andeach LED module is achieved with very lowlatencies, and coupled with a 2 Mbit/s com-munication capability (without a dedicatedclock), this ensures a reliable EMI-robustdesign. Bandwidth is utilized very efficientlydue to individual addressing of each LED –while all LEDs can be addressed together viabroadcasting, if required.

The system interface is provided by amicrocontroller from NXP, which acts as thelighting controller (see “µC” in Fig. 5). TheISELED concept is ideally aligned withNXP’s recently announced S32K microcon-troller product line. The S32K provides per-formance of up to 112 MHz, with a FlexIOconfigurable serial communication interface.Devices in the family provide from 8K to 2M



Fig. 4: This traditional system concept for RGB LED lighting is derived from LED video walls.Source: Inova Semiconductors

Fig. 5: This new controller concept from Inova features a digital controller (visualized as blackboxes) built into each tiny RGB LED package. Source: Inova Semiconductors


Flash, all with an ARM Cortex M core. NXPis taking this new concept to market as a com-plete solution including hardware, software,and a fully developed ecosystem.

For system diagnostics, the temperature,status, and functionality of each LED can also be accessed individually. Characteristics,such as function and power consumption ofeach LED, are fully retraceable and can beread retrospectively, which is particularlyimportant for automotive ASIL-compliantlighting.

It goes without saying that an RGB LEDwith an integrated driver (Fig. 6) will costmore than a “conventional” RGB LED. Nevertheless, the challenge has always beento keep this additional cost to a minimum bymaking the controller chip highly compactand integrated, utilizing sophisticated packag-

ing. The key cost advantage of this newISELED concept comes from eliminatingindividual RGB strip calibration tasks andtighter binning for lower tolerances. Dedi-cated light strips were engineered by TE Connectivity in order to properly mount ahigher number of "smart” (or digital) LEDs to fit seamlessly into the car interior.

First Product Sees LightThe first samples of a smart LED utilizing thisnew concept have recently become availablefrom Dominant Opto Technologies. The sam-ples consist of a smart LED controller fromInova with a bidirectional serial interface anddaisy-chain capability. Each LED is calibratedto the required white point at the factory andcan be used without any further compensationor measurements.

The driver includes three constant currentmode (CCM) drivers to control the red, green,and blue LEDs. The color of each RGB LED“trio” can be set with 24-bit resolution (3 × 8bit) for “display-like” performance in terms ofgamma. For temperature and manufacturingtolerance compensation, or so-called binning,the luminance of each individual LED can be controlled with 12-bit resolution includingdaytime/night-time dimming. The LEDs have precise RGB calibration up to 1-stepMacAdam Ellipse, with auto-compensation athigh temperature, and dominant wavelengthcalibration (Fig. 7). A built-in temperaturesensor ensures accuracy, while the calibrationvalues of the CCM LED drivers and tempera-ture compensation parameters are securelystored in non-volatile memory, an indispensa-ble prerequisite for safety-related applications.

Packed and Ready to GoThe packaging is very compact and providesoutstanding corrosion resistance and electro-static discharge (ESD) protection exceeding2kV. The extremely low thermal resistance ofthe LEDs’ housing, 30% below that of compa-rable products, further reduces power con-sumption of the LED by delivering improvedlight efficiency with cooler LEDs (Fig. 8).Further details will be available once thepatent application is granted.

Looking AheadThe first applications for the new ISELEDconcept are in automotive interiors, but there


Fig. 6: At top is an RGB LED with embedded driver and at bottom, a connectivity system concept for up to 4,096 LEDs. Source: Inova Semiconductors

Fig. 7: Calibrated LED color space. Source: Dominant Opto Technologies

ID Isele p12-16_Layout 1 4/25/2017 7:30 AM Page 15

are multiple other potential use cases – includ-ing exterior car signaling. The fact that thiscommunications protocol enables a largenumber of LEDs to individually change colorand brightness in real time also makes it acandidate for non-automotive applications likeaircraft and cruise ships.

Trends in the automotive sector will alsoopen up new applications. As the marketmoves toward autonomously driven vehicles,lighting will become more and more impor-tant, and requirements will be more rigorousand challenging. “Take back control” warn-ings and pleasant, high-quality in-car lightingin autonomous vehicle applications are just afew examples.

Not only will interior lighting play a majorrole in future design, it is essential that vehi-cles are able to better communicate with the world around them. The ability of autonomous vehicles to inform pedestrians that they havebeen recognized is very important from asafety standpoint.

The key concept here is that LED lightingis now undergoing a revolution that will for-ever transform the way people perceive thecar interior. Technology has, in this case, simplified a previously troublesome issue forcar manufacturers and promises to help earlyadopters stand out and gain market share inthe premium vehicle segment.

About the ISELED AllianceThe ISELED Alliance develops LED-relatedproducts and solutions based on a new in-car

LED lighting concept, which integrates asmart LED driver with three color LEDs intoa tiny package. This drives down costs, sim-plifies control, and expands the functionalityof LED lighting and display solutions. Found-ing members are Inova Semiconductors,Dominant Opto Technologies, NXP, TE Connectivity, and Pforzheim University. Thelast is involved in system design and opticalmeasurements and optimizations. n



Fig. 8: This die-and-package schematic shows state-of-the-art LED packaging. Source: Dominant Opto Technologies

J O I N S I DWe invite you to join SID to participate in shaping the future development of:

• Display technologies and display-related products

• Materials and components for displays and display applications

• Manufacturing processes and equipment

• New markets and applications

In every specialty you will find SIDmembers as leading contributors totheir profession.

http://www.sid.org/Members/ApplyandRenewOnline.aspx

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Display Week 2017:

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For daily updates from the show floor

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Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and new productannouncements to:

Jenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine411 Lafayette Street, Suite 201

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THE automotive industry is on the threshold of several parallel disruptivechanges driven by technology advancementsand business model evolutions. For example,the combination of increasingly autonomousvehicles and new shared-ownership models isexpected to lead to a much greater number ofpassenger miles being traveled without a prorata increase in vehicles on the road.1

These changes will impact the drivingexperience as supported by the humanmachine interface (HMI) of the car. This isalready happening as vehicles become moreconnected and more automated on their wayto being driverless. Displays and touchscreenswill represent a major platform for the newHMI, and flexible, conformable, plastic dis-plays will help meet safety and usability needswhile also enabling manufacturing and costefficiencies.

Plastic Displays Will Play a Major Role in Automotive HMIsAutomotive trends, including increasing reliance on the human-machine interface (HMI) forthe vehicle, indicate that future displays will need to be curved and shaped to fit any surfacein the car. To speed adoption and reduce costs, it is desirable that this new generation of displays is manufactured using the existing automotive supply chain and building as much as possible on proven technologies.

by Simon Jones

Simon Jones is commercial director at FlexEnable and has been developing applica-tions of flexible electronics for more than 10years. He has a particular focus on forming the supply chain partnerships needed to ensure the successful commercialization of organicand flexible electronics over a range of appli-cations and manufacturing scenarios. He canbe reached at [email protected].



Fig. 1: The transparent pillar concept is illustrated here. The supporting pillar on the left nextto the windshield appears transparent to the driver, revealing potential road hazards. This isenabled by a conformed wrap-around display that is projecting an image from an external camera. Image: FlexEnable

ID Jones p18-22_Layout 1 4/25/2017 7:44 AM Page 18


Safety, Efficiency, UsabilityHMI innovations that address both safety andusability will incorporate multiple sensors andcameras around the car that, if well integratedwith the HMI, can warn of hazards on theroad. A compelling example is the transparentA pillar concept in which the pillars on eitherside of the windshield are equipped with con-formable wrap-around displays. Cameras onthe outside of the car capture images that arethen projected onto the display to make the A pillar seem transparent, as illustrated in Fig.1. This will allow the driver to respond moreintuitively to the hazard than if the warningcame from the instrument panel or the centerstack display.

In addition to the safety benefits, conformed and shaped displays can also contribute toincreased fuel efficiency by allowing theremoval of the outside side-view mirror,which the Auto Alliance estimates can reducedrag by up to 7%.2 The obvious and naturallocation for the mirror replacement display ison the A pillar on the inside of the cabin.

Another driver for increased use of displaysis the very strong preference of users. Accord-ing to research conducted by IHS Markit,users prefer touchscreens over all other formsof input.4 In contrast, physical buttons tend tobe the least popular input device, so it is nosurprise that buttons are fast disappearing infavor of touch displays.

As vehicles become more autonomous overtime, needing less and less intervention fromdrivers, users may be seated in different areasof the vehicle, where they can perform a variety of tasks other than driving (Fig. 2). If surfaces within the car have been madeactive through the integration of conformedand shaped displays, then it becomes possiblefor the HMI to move around with the user to provide connectivity and entertainment wherever the user happens to be.

A more near-term trend in automotive displays is that the instrument panel and center stack displays are rapidly getting larger. However, it is becoming increasingly difficultto accommodate large and flat displays in anergonomically optimized interior designwhere every other surface is curved.

A Significant Opportunity for Automotive Display Makers and Tier 1sA trend toward rapidly increasing unit volumes and larger sizes of displays in vehicles isalready clear. According to IHS Markit,


Fig. 2: The XiM17 interior concept from Yanfeng Automotive Interiors demonstrates severalpotential uses of curved displays, including a door-panel display and a floor-console display.3Yanfeng is actively sourcing conformable display technologies from a number of sources tomake this concept a reality. Image: Yanfeng Automotive Interiors

Fig. 3: Growth for head-up, instrument cluster, and center stack displays is projected to risesteadily through 2022 and beyond.4 Image: IHS Markit

Global automotive display systems revenue forecast (USD$, billions)

$25

$20

$15

$10

$5

$-2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Center Stack Display

Source: IHS Markit Automotive Display Systems Forecasts, March 2017. Combined T1 revenues from modellevel Instrument Cluster Display, Head-Up Display, and Center Stack Display forecasts. © 2017 IHS Markit

Instrument Cluster Display Head-Up Display

2020 2021 2022

ID Jones p18-22_Layout 1 4/21/2017 2:51 PM Page 19

growth for head-up, instrument cluster, and center stack displays is projected to rise through at least 2022 (Fig. 3). IHS Markit also predictsa growth hot spot in 7-in. to 8-in. displays forthe center stack and instrument cluster, whichwill alone account for more than 50 millionunits in 2020. FlexEnable projects that A pillardisplays, steering wheel displays, entertain-ment displays, and many other new displayapplications in the car will represent signifi-cant upside opportunities to these forecasts.

The longer-term advent of self-driving carsdoes not negate this trend for two reasons.First, the industry expects that partially self-driving cars will be prevalent for a long timebefore we have cars that can self-drive in allcircumstances. This means that the HMI hasthe additional task of managing the handoverof responsibility between the car and thedriver, with obvious safety implications. Second, even a fully self-driving car will havean extensive HMI to address the entertain-ment, information, and communication needsof the passengers. This underscores the desir-ability of using the curved surfaces of the interior to implement an extensive, seamless,and customizable HMI.

Non-flat and non-rectangular displays present new system integration challenges.

The displays will typically be manufactured in a flat state and will then need to be formed into the shape that is required for the final vehicledesign. This will typically require laminationand assembly into a shaped cover glass or“window.” The design of the window is likelyto be highly customized to the vehicle interiordesign. This creates an opportunity for Tier 1sto add more value at the display module level,working closely with display makers andvehicle manufacturers. In many cases, the HMIfeatures enabled by the conformed display willalso require the Tier 1 to design and deliver asystem that may include cameras and signifi-cant image processing. All of this means thatthere is more at stake in the supply chain andmore value creation opportunity than is repre-sented by the display module alone.

The challenge for the supply chain is clear.It needs to deliver conformed and shaped displays that meet the automotive industry’stough environmental standards at reasonablecost, and at a pace that matches acceleratinginnovation in vehicle design and use.

Flexible OLED vs. Flexible LCD OLED and LCD are the two leading candi-dates for conformed and shaped displays incars, and both present manufacturing chal-lenges in that special techniques and methodsare needed to be able to make the display on aflexible plastic substrate.

Flexible OLED is typically made by coating polyimide on a glass carrier. The OLED stackis then fabricated on the substrate using con-ventional high-temperature processes and laterseparated from the glass using a laser releasemethod. A key challenge of this methodology

is the relatively low yield of the laser releaseprocess, which typically destroys the glasscarrier. After fabrication, another challenge ismeeting the demanding reliability and lifetimerequirements of automotive applications.OLEDs are highly susceptible to contamina-tion from moisture and oxygen, driving theneed for an extremely high-performance, flexible-barrier-layer solution. Automotiveapplications are particularly challengingbecause the range of temperature and humid-ity conditions are much wider than for con-sumer devices, and the display is requiredto last for at least 10 years. In addition, automotive OEMs are currently specifying aluminance of up to 1,000 cd/m2 and mayrequire even brighter displays in the future.These very high levels of luminance may be impossible to achieve with OLED whilesimultaneously achieving the required life-time.

The key challenge with LCD-based panelsis that they require the substrate to be opti-cally very clear. Substrates that can survivehigh-temperature processes and maintain opti-cal clarity and non-birefringence exist but arevery expensive. However, the industry alreadyhas extensive experience in how to engineerLCDs to work in vehicles, and an automotive-qualified supply chain for LCDs alreadyexists. The high-luminance requirement canbe met with a high-performance backlightwithout limiting the lifetime of the display,whereas with an OLED display, increasedluminance will directly reduce its lifetime.

Figure 4 shows a flexible, plastic organicLCD (OLCD) that has been developed by theauthor’s company.



Fig. 4: FlexEnable’s plastic organic LCD(OLCD) is shown here in a cylinder form fac-tor. OLCD displays can be curved to bendradii of below 30 mm.

Fig. 5: Plastic active-matrix backplanes can be applied to a number of frontplane technologies,including electrophoretic, LCD, and OLED.


Low-temperature Processes andCommodity Substrates Enable Cost-effective, Flexible LCDAn alternative to sourcing expensive, high-temperature substrates is to use low-tempera-ture processes to enable the use of commoditysubstrates. This is particularly critical for thefabrication of the active-matrix TFT array,which conventionally relies on high-tempera-ture vacuum deposition of semiconductors and dielectrics. The author’s company has devel-oped an industrial process for fabricating theactive matrix at low temperatures in air usingsolution-coated organic materials (Fig. 5).

Organic TFT (OTFT) technology is alreadyin commercial production for flexible electro-phoretic displays by Plastic Logic GmbH andthis same technology platform has now beenadapted to flexible organic LCDs (OLCDs) byFlexEnable. This adaptation has been madepossible by rapid progress in the performanceof OTFTs, which now exceed conventionalamorphous silicon TFTs in mobility (Fig. 6)and stability, as has been described, for exam-ple, in the paper, “Photolithographic Integra-tion of High Performance Polymer Thin-FilmTransistors,” presented at Display Week 2016by Merck.5

This low-temperature process allows theuse of triacetylcellulose (TAC) film as thesubstrate, which is already used as the sub-strate for LCD polarizers. This opens theprospect of using the same substrate for thepolarizer and the active-matrix backplane forultimate thinness.

OTFTs manufactured with this process arealso fundamentally stable, as indicated by gatebias stress tests (see Table 1). As the semicon-ductor is p-type, the key parameter is positivegate bias stress (PGBS). The PGBS test isconducted by applying a constant bias voltageto the TFT for a fixed amount of time. Theswitching characteristics of the OTFTs aretested before and after the fixed stress. Theresults indicate that there is only a 1V shift in the switch-on voltage of the OTFT, which is half the shift seen in amorphous silicon devices.

Of course, the automotive industry requiresqualification over an extensive set of environ-mental parameters. This work is under way for OLCD, and FlexEnable’s 14-in. prototypeline is running at up to three shifts per day toproduce the prototypes and test samples nec-essary. Working with manufacturing partners,FlexEnable is already in the early stages ofscaling OLCD to volume production. Final

automotive qualification of production OLCDmodules is targeted to start in 2018.

Re-purposing Existing Fabs to OLCDThe OLCD process has been developed tominimize the investment required to convertan existing amorphous-silicon-on-glass TFTfab to OTFT. Often, a fab can be reconfiguredto make OTFT samples with no capital invest-ment at all, although to create a fully balancedfab will require some additional coating andlamination machines. This is a very modestinvestment compared with the original capitalinvestment required to build the fab.

The process begins by laminating the low-cost plastic substrate to a carrier glass. TheOTFTs are then fabricated on the substratebefore the LCD frontplane is created usinglargely conventional (and therefore low-cost)materials and processes.

A simple process is used to de-mount thefinished displays from the glass carrier at

extremely high yield and allows the glass car-rier to be re-used. Before individual displaysare de-mounted from the carrier glass, theycan be laser cut using a commodity CO2 lasertrimming tool to almost any arbitrary shape. In the example shown in Fig. 7, a laser is beingused to cut out a non-rectangular test sample.

The ability to re-purpose existing active-matrix LCD fabs to make OLCDs, togetherwith process simplifications and efficienciesthat result from using a low-temperatureprocess, means that the OLCD is an extremelycost-competitive approach to making plasticconformable displays. Cost modeling basedon analysis of specific partner fabs indicatesthat flexible LCD can reach the cost of stan-dard glass-based LCD at scale, which meansthat flexible OLCD will maintain a significantcost advantage over flexible OLED evenwhen the latter process is fully scaled.

Today’s LCDs for automotive applicationsare typically manufactured on Gen 4.5 lines


Fig. 6: The mobility of production OTFT processes now exceeds the performance of amorphoussilicon.

Table 1: Gate Bias Stress Test Results

TFT Technology Test Voltage Temperature Time |ΔVth|

Organic Positive Gate Bias +20V 60°C 10,000sec 1VStress (PGBS)

Amorphous Silicon6 Negative Gate Bias –20V 60°C 10,000sec 2VStress (NGBS)

10

1

0.1

EPD Focus

a-Si TFT Mobility

In Production

Next Generations

Diverse Applications

0.01

Mobility

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2020....


(730 mm by 920 mm). The tool set typicallyused is listed in Fig. 8.

When a line is re-purposed to make plasticOLCD panels, the chemical vapor depositiontools are replaced with solution deposition tools such as slot-die coaters. Also, laminators would typically be added to mount the low-cost plastic substrate to the glass carrier for processing. After these modifications to the fab are made, the manufacturing process for theOLCD is very similar to a glass LCD. The

OTFT array and color filter array are made onseparate sheets and assembled together on aone-drop fill line with photospacers added todefine the cell gap. Significantly, no specialequipment is needed to de-mount the plasticfrom the glass because the low-stress heat-based de-mount process is an exceptionallyelegant step that protects the integrity of cellgap when the glass carrier is removed.

OLCDs are driven in the same way as areglass-based displays. Row and column drivers

are bonded to the array substrate using stan-dard interconnect technologies like chip onfilm (COF) or chip on glass (COG), whichhave been adapted for processing on plastic.Row drivers can be integrated on the OTFTarray substrate for certain display designs.

HMI Innovation Is Enabled byConformed and Shaped DisplaysOne of the great advantages of re-purposingthe existing automotive LCD supply chain isthat time-to-market can be minimized as wellas the cost and risk of adoption. Already,visionary manufacturers are implementingradically new HMI features with prototypeconformed and shaped displays.

Looking further into the future, we canimagine a car interior where there is a “hiddenuntil lit” touchscreen almost everywhere thereis a physical button today. Every aspect of theHMI would then become highly personaliz-able, upgradable, and reconfigurable, accord-ing to the application being used. Personalcustomization of the HMI, and even the ambience of the interior, will become possi-ble, and this will be increasingly important as “shared mobility” models lead to each carbeing used by more people on average.

In order to realize the applications described in this article, major car brands are workingtoward product introductions starting in 2019,enabled by supply-chain-friendly technologieslike OLCD. The car interior of the near futureis going to look very different, very soon.

References11KPMG: “The Clockspeed Dilemma,”https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/02/us-jnet-auto-clockspeeddilemma.pdf2www.wired.com/2014/04/tesla-auto-alliancemirrors3Yanfeng Automotive Interiors: “XiM17:“The Next Living Space Interior AutonomousConcept Car Debuts at NAIAS 2017,” www.youtube.com/watch?v=56Ow8cw1m6o4IHS Markit: “2017 IHS Markit ConnectedServices and Apps Consumer Survey.”5S. Bain, P. Miskiewicz, I. Afonina, andT. Backlund, “Photolithographic Integrationof High Performance Polymer Thin-FilmTransistors,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 47, No. 1, (2016).6M. J. Powell et al., Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 137 and 138, 1215–1220(1991). n



Fig. 7: Cutting OTFTs to arbitrary shapes is done with a standard CO2 laser trimming tool. The left-hand picture shows the laser cutting tool cutting the non-square outline of the fabricateddevice shown in the right-hand picture. The cutting process takes place while the plastic deviceis mounted on the glass carrier for processing. The device is de-mounted using a low-stressheat-based de-mount process.

Fig. 8: A fully balanced line conversion for OLCD will typically require some additional lamination and coating tools.

Wet Etch Wet Etch

Wet Cleaning Line Wet Cleaning Line

Metal Sputter Metal Sputter

Photolithography Line Photolithography Line

Dry Etch Dry Etch

Inspection Tools Inspection Tools

Array Test & Repair Array Test & Repair

CVD

a:Si TFT LCDequipment types

OTFT OLCDequipment types

CVD

+Lamination Tool

+Slit Coaters


https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/02/us-jnet-auto-clockspeeddilemma.pdf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56Ow8cw1m6o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56Ow8cw1m6o

https://www.wired.com/2014/04/tesla-auto-alliancemirrors

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KEYNOTE ADDRESSAUGMENTED REALITY

If AR is in your vehicle display roadmap you won’t want to miss this year’s forward-looking keynote address.

Thomas Seder,GM Technical Fellow &Chief Technologist-HMI

You’re invited to attend the 24th annual SID Vehicle Displays Symposium & Expo Detroit, September 26-27, 2017, presented by the Detroit Chapter of the Society for Information Display in the center of U.S. automotive excellence. It’s Too Important To Miss.

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IN recent years, ultra-high-definition dis-plays have become a key component of suc-cess for products across the consumerelectronics industry. Users expect vibrantimages and video, while manufacturers haveseized the opportunity to differentiate theirproducts through higher resolution displays.

The Need for CompressionWhether for a smartphone, a computer monitor, or a car infotainment system, almost all dis-play interfaces send uncompressed pixel datafrom the graphics processor to the displayusing a serial interface (Fig. 1).

As display resolutions have increased, sotoo has the amount of pixel data transferredacross the serial transport interface. For exam-ple, a 4K mobile device at 60 frames per sec-ond requires a data rate of 16 gigabits persecond (Gbps). Using the Mobile IndustryProcessor Interface (MIPI) display serialinterface (DSI) physical layer (D-PHY) 1.2,

a total of eight transmission lanes are requiredto transfer the video data.

The bandwidth needed to achieve higherresolutions has increased much faster than theserial interface speed used by video transportinterfaces. While display resolutions haveessentially doubled year after year, the serialinterface speed has increased by only approxi-mately 20% every year, resulting in a consid-erable gap (Fig. 2).

One possible solution to manage more pixeldata would be to increase the number of seriallanes used in parallel. However, this would

mean adding additional power, as well asincreasing the number of pins and wires. For devices such as smartphones, this wouldseriously compromise battery life, as well assignificantly increase overall system costs.

Another, better option is to use compressionto handle the increased pixel data. By reduc-ing the pixel data rate, compression alleviatespressure on transport links while keepingpower consumption lower.

Figure 3 highlights in red the impact ofcompression for a 4K video stream such asWQUXGA on a mobile device using MIPI

Create Higher Resolution Displays with the VESA DSC Standard As consumer demand for ultra-high-definition display products grows, designers are facedwith many system design challenges associated with handling increased video throughput.The VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC) standard offers a compelling solution forenhancing display resolution up to 8K for a number of applications without having to compromise on display quality, battery life, or cost.

By Alain Legault and Emma-Jane Crozier

Alain Legault is VP of engineering at Hardent, a professional services firm providing engi-neering services, training solutions, and IPproducts. He can be reached at [email protected]. Emma-Jane Crozier is market-ing & communications manager at Hardent. She can be reached at [email protected].


making displays work for you

Fig. 1: Data flow occurs between an application processor and a display module using uncom-pressed video. (MIPI Alliance = Mobile Industry Processor Interface Alliance. DDIC = displaydriver integrated circuit. DSI = display serial interface.)

ID Legault p24-28,53_Layout 1 4/21/2017 3:17 PM Page 24



DSI transport. With a limit of eight lanes forthe transmitter, it would not be possible using1.5 Gbps per lane to develop a viable 4Kproduct without compression. Using 2.5 Gbpsper lane, eight lanes would be required. Itwould still be possible to develop a product,albeit with a considerable increase to overalldevelopment costs. With the addition of com-pression, it is now possible to develop a prod-uct with a 4K display using only four MIPIDSI lanes. Compression, therefore, presents aviable option for dealing with the challenge ofdesigning higher resolution display products.

Background to VESA DSCHaving recognized the need for compressionon display links, the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) first initiatedefforts for a common, industry-wide compres-sion standard in 2012, with the formation ofthe Display Stream Compression Task Group. A call for proposals in the industrywas released in January 2013, with the objective of developing a compression stan-dard that emphasized visually lossless picturequality, had a constant bit rate (CBR), offeredthe ability to update small regions of theimage, supported many video formats (RGB,YCbCr 4:2:2, or 4:4:4; 8, 10, or 12 bits/component), and was easy and inexpensive

to implement in real time. Six proposals were evaluated by the Display Stream Com-pression Task Group.1 DSC was announced inthe spring of 2014 and the v1.1 specificationand C-model (a software representation ofDSC used for verification and testing) werereleased in July 2014. The VESA EmbeddedDisplayPort (eDP) v1.4 and MIPI DSI v1.2

standards adopted DSC as a supported stan-dard upon its release.

VESA DSC AlgorithmThe VESA DSC algorithm is designed tocompress video in real time for use in displaytransmission links with a CBR. The DSCalgorithm is based on delta-pulse-code modu-


Fig. 2: The display resolutions in devices, from wide extended graphics array (WXGA) to 5Kand up, and the physical layers (PHY) used to transport the display information have not grownat the same compound annual growth rate (CAGR).

Fig. 3: Based on a limit of eight lanes for the transmitter, it would not be possible to develop a viable 4K product without compression using 1.5Gbps per lane. Compression allows for a 4K (or WQUXGA, as shown outlined in red) product using only 4 MIPI DSI lanes.


lation (DPCM), and requires a single line ofpixel storage; this enables extremely lowlatency performance results (of only a fewmicroseconds). A rate buffer is also required.Figure 4 shows the DSC encoder block diagram.1

There are multiple encoding tools includedin the algorithm to ensure excellent visual per-formance for all types of content, includingimages, text, graphics, and complex test pat-terns (codec buster images). These encodingtools include the midpoint predictor (MPP),the block predictor (BP), the modified medianadaptive predictor (MMAP), and indexedcolor history (ICH).

The VESA website states: “Compared toother image compression standards such asJPEG or AVC, etc., DSC achieves visuallylossless compression quality at a low com-pression ratio by using a much simpler codec(coder/decoder) circuit. The typical compres-sion ratio of DSC ranges from 1:1 to about3:1, which offers significant benefit in inter-face data rate reduction. DSC is designedspecifically to compress any content type atlow compression with excellent results.”2

Testing and PerformanceA series of rigorous tests was conducted by the DSC Task Group throughout the standard’sdevelopment process to guarantee the visuallylossless performance of the DSC algorithm.

Participants were asked to compare a randomly chosen reference image with anencoded test image placed side by side todetermine if it was possible to detect a differ-

ence between the two. According to VESA,“… the visual performance of DSC was eval-uated through clinical testing by VESA in col-laboration with member companies. Theevaluation included a statistically significantnumber of observers who viewed many

images over four image categories includingartificial engineered images, text and graph-ics, such as street maps or different examplesof printed material, people, landscape, animalsand stills. Overall, observers completed nearly250,000 subjective image comparisons. VESAmembers also concluded subjective testing asa far more robust method to verify visuallylossless quality … .”2 A complete overview ofthe subjective test methodology used by thetask group is outlined in the 2015 article, “Anew standard method of subjective assessmentof barely visible image artifacts and a newpublic database: subjective analysis of imagequality,” by David M. Hoffman and Dale Stolitzka in the Journal of the SID 22/15, 2015.

Based on the criteria defined by VESAprior to the development of DSC, the resultsof the testing confirmed the visually losslesspicture quality of DSC for all types of imagesup to a compression factor of 3X.

Use Cases for VESA DSCVESA Display Stream Compression was originally utilized by smartphone and tabletmanufacturers; however, with the emergence



Fig 4: This block diagram shows the main elements and data paths of the DSC encoder. Theseinclude the rate buffer, line buffers, the predictors, rate control feedback loop, VLC entropycoder, and the substream multiplexer. Source: VESA Display Stream Compression white paper.1

VESA DSC DevelopmentsSince its release in 2014, several important developments have further expanded thecapabilities of DSC.

VESA DSC version 1.2a was released by VESA in January 2016. Backward compatiblewith DSC 1.1, DSC 1.2a offers additional features that enable the standard to be usedacross a wider range of display applications, including higher resolution televisions andexternal display monitors of 4K and beyond. DSC 1.2a supports 14- and 16-bit color bitdepth and offers native compression for 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 in the YCbCr color space, thevideo formats used in digital TVs. Another key feature is support for up to 16 bits percolor component, versus the 8, 10, and 12 bits supported by DSC 1.1.

The latest version of the DisplayPort standard (1.4), a digital display interface used forvideo transport between GPUs and computer monitors, was released in March 2016 andadded support for VESA DSC 1.2a and forward error correction (FEC). As compressedvideo images can be affected by transmission errors, and even a single bit error can have a catastrophic impact on the visual experience, the Reed Solomon (254,250) FECalgorithm is used with DisplayPort 1.4 to improve the resiliency to link errors. The use ofthe Reed Solomon FEC substantially improves the bit error rate (BER) from 10-9 to 10-20, making transmission errors occur less than once a year instead of every few seconds.

DisplayPort 1.4 maintains the link speed at 8.1 Gbps, but by using DSC with HBR3transmission rates, it can support 8K UHD (7,680 × 4,320) at 60 Hz with 10-bit color andHDR, or 4K UHD (3,840 × 2,160) at 120 Hz with 10-bit color and HDR. Using DSC 1.2awith DisplayPort 1.4 also provides the ability to support multiple parallel streams overinterleaved packets.

Version 2.1 of the HDMI specification was announced in January 2017 and will includesupport for VESA DSC 1.2a.3


of new display-based products, such as aug-mented- and virtual-reality (AR/VR) headsets,as well as display technology advances inareas such as the automotive industry, videocompression is now being used across a widerange of applications. Whether it be the chal-lenge of dealing with faster frame rates forAR/VR applications, or the simultaneoustransport of multiple video sources for in-carvideo systems, DSC compression can be usedto support higher resolution displays across arange of different applications. The followinguse case descriptions demonstrate the range of uses to which DSC can be successfully applied.

Compelling UHD Mobile Displays Without Sacrificing Battery Life and Cost Since its release in 2014, VESA DSC has seenbroad adoption from across the mobile indus-try. The NVIDIA Tegra X1 and the QualcommSnapdragon 820 are two examples of mobileprocessors currently making use of DSC 1.1.4

By adding a DSC encoder within the appli-cation processor and a DSC decoder withinthe display driver IC, it is possible to reducethe number of MIPI DSI TX and RX transportlanes needed, resulting in overall lower powerconsumption for the device (Fig. 5). It is alsopossible to reduce the size of the synchronousdynamic random access memory (SDRAM)frame buffer by the compression factor (e.g.,3X) if the images are stored in the compresseddomain, enabling a reduction of overall system costs.

Simultaneous Transport of MultipleVideo Streams in Automotive VideoSystems Automotive electronics have evolved greatlyin recent years, with considerable influencestemming from the growing trend of equip-ping vehicles with multiple displays at higherresolutions. Cars now contain multiple videosources for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), infotainment, climate control, side-view cameras, and driver naviga-tion. As the number of video sources grows,so too does the challenge of processing andtransporting video content around the vehicle.Manufacturers face high cabling costs andweight, peaked bandwidth, and increasedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) whendeveloping systems containing multiple video streams inside cars.

In vehicles, several competing serial trans-port links are used to transport video, audio,

and other telematic information over the localcar network. These networks have a fixedbandwidth. The example in Fig. 6 shows howDSC can be implemented with multiple videostreams using an ethernet transport backbone.

With DSC compression, the data transportcapacity is increased by up to 3X, enabling

designers to use the existing physical inter-faces in the vehicle with an increased numberof displays at higher resolutions. By freeingup data bandwidth through compression, DSCenables more parallel video sources to betransported simultaneously over the samecabling, hence reducing the need for extra


Fig. 5: Using VESA DSC, it is possible to reduce the number of MIPI DSI TX and RX transportlanes and SDRAM memory needed.

Fig. 6: By freeing up data bandwidth through compression, DSC enables more parallel videosources to be transported simultaneously over the same cabling.


cabling and the potential expenses and weightassociated with this.

Immersive High-Resolution Displaysfor AR/VR Products Immersive, high-resolution displays form akey part of the experience offered by AR/VRproducts. Both AR and VR applicationsrequire high-resolution displays due to theproximity of headsets to the human eye; they also require very high frame rates for maximum fluidity (90 or 120 Hz), and minimal latencyin order to avoid the potential motion sicknessassociated with the brain detecting smalldelays between the body’s physical movementand the image from the head-mounted device.In the quest to achieve higher resolution dis-plays, manufacturers are often faced with

many challenges, including power, footprint,and memory bandwidth considerations.

Figure 7 illustrates how DSC compressioncan be implemented between the applicationprocessors and micro-display driver ICs insideAR/VR head-mounted displays. By adding a DSC encoder at the image capture subsystem, a DSC encoder and decoder in the video/graphicsprocessor, and a DSC decoder at the output, itis possible to increase the effective bandwidthcapacity at every stage, reducing the overallshared memory bus bandwidth requirement,the number of SDRAMs, and hence the costof materials and power consumption.

DSC compression offers extremely lowlatency performance. With a delay of a fewmicroseconds, the addition of DSC compres-sion is not perceptible to the human eye.

8K Digital Televisions and Digital TVProducts The extended capabilities of DSC v1.2aopened up the potential for DSC compressionto be used for digital TV applications, includ-ing UHD televisions and other associated dig-ital TV products such as set-top boxes (STBs)and DVRs. By supporting 14- and 16-bit color bit depth (to display very high-colordepth content), as well as adding native cod-ing for 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 in the YCbCr colorspace (for more efficient compression), DSC1.2a directly addresses the requirements of the digital TV market for developing HDR-compatible 8K televisions at high frame rates.

As shown in Fig. 8, DSC can be imple-mented within the television’s multimediasystem-on-chip (SoC) processor and theTCON (timing controller). The bandwidthreduction offered by DSC eases the challengeof using long transmission lines between theSoC processor and the TCON on the back ofthe display panel. DSC helps to reduce EMCand signal integrity issues caused by the high-frequency challenges that usually come with designing ultra-high-resolutionproducts.

Because DSC compression is scalable,super-high resolutions such as 8K @ 120Hzcan be achieved with today’s semiconductortechnology at an affordable price.

USB Type-C Laptop and ExtendedDisplay Using DisplayPort AlternateMode The most recent USB Type-C compatibledevices allow the use of a symmetricalreversible connector to provide all the I/Ointerfaces to and from the computers; this single cable can carry USB data, audio, andvideo information using DisplayPort Alternateor “Alt Mode,” as well as power delivery upto 100 W. USB Type-C offers a maximumdata bandwidth of 32 Gbps. If this singleinterface were, for example, to be used withtwo external 4K desktop monitors (each with16 Gbps of data bandwidth), there would notbe a lot of data bandwidth left to carry otherUSB information; using compression toincrease the amount of available bandwidth is, therefore, an interesting solution.

There are several possible implementationsof DSC with USB Type-C. For example, DSCcompression can be used in the DisplayPorttransmitters inside the GPU source combined



Fig. 7: DSC compression can be implemented between the application processors and micro-display driver ICs inside AR/VR head-mounted displays.

Fig. 8: With support for up to 16 bits per color, compression with DSC 1.2a can be used todevelop HDR-compatible 8K digital televisions.



Announcements

Expanded Distinguished Papers of Display Week 2017

As of this year, having a peer reviewed expanded version accepted in JSID is a prerequisite for achieving the Distinguished Papers status at Display Week. This adds to the importance of the recognition. At the same time it increases and extends the worldwide visibility and availability of these papers. An expedited peer review process was installed to get all accepted papers published in JSID simultaneously with the symposium Digest. The expedited review was somewhat stricter than the regular review because manuscripts requiring major revisions were rejected due to time constraints. A virtual JSID issue containing the 20 Expanded Distinguished Papers will be freely accessible until the end of the year at http://tinyurl.com/edpdw17. Some of those papers are highlighted below.

Special Section on Vehicle Displays

Most of the January issue is dedicated to our Special Section on Vehicle Displays, guest edited by Rashmi Rao and Haruhiko Okumura. One of those papers is also highlighted below.

Best of IDW 2016

Review is presently ongoing for the expanded papers submitted for the Special Section ‘Best of International Display Workshops 2016’. The IDW program committee has nominated only the top 3% of all conference papers. Publication of the accepted papers is expected in Q3.

Invitation to submit review papers

The Journal is presently looking for review papers on any display-related topic. If you have a great idea for a review paper, please contact the editor at [email protected]. Selected authors will be invited and the page charges will be waived.

Highlighted recent papers

Vehicle Displays

Development of active matrix LCD for use in high-resolution adaptive headlights | Christiane Jasmin Reinert-Weiss et al.| DOI: 10.1002/jsid.534

By integrating an active-matrix liquid-crystal display module, it is possible to realize fully adaptive high-resolution headlamps without mechanical elements and a finite number of LED with 30 k switchable pixels. The realized monochrome display is able to withstand high illuminance (≥ 20 Mlx) and high temperature (80°C) at the same time while providing reliably a contrast ratio up to 490:1.

Expanded Distinguished Papers of Display Week 2017

Perspective correct occlusion-capable augmented reality displays using cloaking optics constraints| Isela D. Howlett and Quinn Smithwick | DOI: 10.1002/jsid.545

Perspective-correct occlusion-capable augmented reality displays are generalized using optical cloak constraints for ray

transfer analysis; any ray entering the optical system exits at a height and angle as if passing through empty space. Two-lens, three-lens, and four-lens groups in inline, folded, and looped configurations are analyzed; a four-lens looped optical cloak and a three-lens inverted cloak with an erecting prism are demonstrated.

9.1-inch stretchable AMOLED display based on LTPS technology | Jong-Ho Hong et al.| DOI: 10.1002/jsid.547

We demonstrate a freeform-shaped AMOLED display based on low-temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. It was found that our AMOLED can withstand various desired shapes featuring its stretchable property with no degradation of image quality and device characteristics. We successfully fabricated a 9.1-in. AMOLED display with convex and concave shapes by using a low-temperature thermoforming process.

Information about the Journal

JSID is published monthly by Wiley. Subscription fees apply, but all SID members and student-members have free online access via sid.org/Publications.aspx Many universities also have an institutional subscription. JSID is indexed in the Web of Science. Submit your original manuscript online via mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sid Author guidelines can be found on the Journal’s homepage at Wiley Online: tinyurl.com/jsidhome. Editorial board: tinyurl.com/jsideb. Please direct any questions about the journal to the Editor-in-Chief of JSID at [email protected]

EarlyView

Accepted papers about to be published can be accessed online via EarlyView: tinyurl.com/jsidev

Herbert DeSmetEditor-in-Chief

http://tinyurl.com/edpdw17



http://sid.org/Publications.aspx

http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sid

http://tinyurl.com/jsidhome

http://tinyurl.com/jsideb

http://tinyurl.com/jsidev

SID’s Display Week 2017, held in LosAngeles, May 22–26, at the Los Angeles Convention Center, will feature an automotiveMarket Focus Conference on Tuesday, May23, and a substantial vehicle displays technol-ogy track on May 24 and May 25. There willbe plenty to see and hear at these events; inthe meantime, let’s look at some of the ongo-ing developments in automotive systems forperspective on where and how the varioustechnologies that will be discussed at DisplayWeek might – or might not – fit in.

More and Bigger DisplaysThe average size of automotive displays isincreasing, with center-stack displays headingtoward 8 inches for now. As Tesla has demon-strated, it can, and will, go much larger, andon cars far more affordable than the first twoTesla models. Of course, sizes and configura-tions will vary with the automotive interiordesign approach, vehicle market position, andtrim level. Automotive OEMs are also planning on

more displays per vehicle (Fig. 1).

One near-term application for luxury vehicles is replacing side-view mirrors withcameras and interior displays. This will getthe mirror structures out of the airflow forreduced wind noise and slightly improved gasmileage. In addition, designers are lookingforward to getting the mirrors off their care-fully sculpted surfaces. A more fanciful idea isputting displays on the B and C pillars, which

will show camera images of what is on theother side of the pillars, thus making the pil-lars “transparent” and doing away with theirblind spots. (For more about these “transpar-ent” pillar displays, see the article, “PlasticDisplays Will Play a Major Role in Automo-tive HMIs,” in this month’s issue.)Most important, though, is that the display

suite must support increasingly complex

Automotive Trends Drive Vehicular Displays Display Week will offer many opportunities to learn about the latest advancements in vehicular displays. Trends such as larger and more plentiful automotive displays, HUDs, the connected car, ADAS, and autonomous driving are informing these new developments.

by Ken Werner

Ken Werner is Principal of Nutmeg Consult-ants, specializing in the display industry, manufacturing, technology, and applications,including mobile devices and television. Heconsults for attorneys, investment analysts,and companies re-positioning themselveswithin the display industry or using displaysin their products. He is the 2017 recipient ofthe Society for Information Display’s Lewisand Beatrice Winner Award. You can reachhim at [email protected].


display marketplace

Fig. 1: There is no such thing as too many displays in a car, Mitsubishi seems to be saying withthis PHEV concept car. Rendering: Mitsubishi Motors

ID Werner p30-34_Layout 1 4/21/2017 3:37 PM Page 30


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http://www.Informationdisplay.org


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automotive systems and various levels of connectivity and autonomy. That means thatthe displays must work together with otherinput/output technologies such as touch,audio, gesture control, and haptics to create areliable and effortless human-machine inter-face (HMI). Given the increasingly multi-modal nature of these interfaces, systemdesigners are calling them MMIs (multi-modal interfaces). There will be presentationsat Display Week evaluating the relative effec-tiveness of different modal combinations andimplementations.Touch-panel makers worry about how to

make touch panels reliable in automotiveenvironments, but no matter how reliable theyare, a driver reaching to touch a center-stackpanel will be distracted and may have toremove his eyes from the road. Here is oneplace where haptics developers see an oppor-tunity, both for displays and for soft buttonson steering wheels.I did not see any papers on voice recogni-

tion in the program, but its development forautomotive use is inevitable because it solvesthe problem of reaching for soft buttons whiledriving. Given the rapidly increasing sophis-tication of digital assistants using AI andvoice recognition, we are sure to see voicerecognition’s increasing use for informationinputs and control beyond phone dialing.

Heads Up!Automotive original equipment manufacturers(OEMs) and suppliers see a big future forhead-up displays (HUDs), especially in combination with augmented-reality (AR)systems. Many developmental systems andcomponents were shown at the ConsumerElectronics Show (CES) in January. Therehas been speculation that when HUDs getgood enough, there will be no need to showthe same information on an instrument cluster.Certainly removing the cluster will free upprecious space behind the dash.Projection HUDs do face challenges with

image size, viewing angle, eye box, and thevolume the projector occupies under the dash,but automotive suppliers such as Continentalare working on those problems vigorously.Although it is likely that projection will be the dominant HUD technology, alternativeapproaches are being demonstrated. Amongthese are Lumineq’s thin-film electrolumines-cent (TFEL) display sandwiched inside thewindshield and LG Display’s transparent

OLED mounted on the dash between thewindshield and the driver, but these displaysare early in their development and have challenges of their own to overcome.Developmental issues aside, HUDs are

fated to become commonplace in vehicles formany market segments, and the instrumenta-tion and AR content they show will becomefar more extensive.

ADASAdvanced driver-assist systems (ADAS) –such as automatic emergency braking, lanekeeping, adaptive cruise control, and self-parking – are proliferating now and have consumer buy-in rates between 5 and 20%. In other words, up to 20% of consumers currently are willing to pay significantly morefor their new vehicles to include these options.In the US, back-up cameras and sensor alertshad a buy-in of 80% in 2016, assisted by aNational Highway Traffic Safety Administra-tion requirement that they be included on newlight vehicles (cars and light trucks), phasingin by mid-2017 and required on all new lightvehicles by mid-2018. As is well known, original equipment back-

up cameras generally send their output to the

vehicle’s center-stack display. Aftermarketcameras generally send theirs to a separatedisplay. The cameras usually require powerfrom the vehicle’s electrical system, and alsorequire that a video cable be run from thecamera to the display, which also requiresvehicle power. Recently, wireless back-upcamera systems have been introduced. Thecamera is integrated into a replacementlicense-plate frame and uses battery power,which may be supplemented with solar cells.The signal is carried forward by WiFi or Blue-tooth, and in two recent examples, the displayis the user’s cell phone. In at least one case,data from the vehicle’s on-board diagnostics(OBD)-II port tells the system when the car isin reverse.Making an aftermarket system wireless is

an excellent idea, but using the cell phone forthe display is not, and is the lazy way out.Readers of Information Display will be able tothink of many ways to incorporate a dedicateddisplay. One way is to integrate the displayinto a replacement rear-view mirror. Sincemany OEM mirrors are powered, there willoften be a convenient source of 12 volts forsuch installations. (This has in fact beenoffered for a number of years.)

display marketplace


Fig. 2: Autonomous vehicles may mount a full array of sensors for situational awareness. The outputs of the sensors will be combined through what is called sensor integration, and theresults analyzed with an AI system located either on board or in the cloud, which will identifysurroundings and threats. Photo: Ken Werner


John Sousanis, managing director at WardsAuto, outlined the appeal of ADAS at arecent conference: “ADAS has a very efficientpath forward in the industry. It has a simplegoal: Save lives immediately. ADAS doesn’trequire changes to the infrastructure, doesn’trequire connectivity, doesn’t take away thedriver’s independence; the change it asks ofus is incremental and largely situational. Andit’s very cost efficient.“Furthermore, ADAS fits within the exist-

ing industry model, it has lots of room forindependent supplier innovation, [and] inno-vation can continue past the initial installationwith software and algorithm updates and advancements so that it’s an ongoing process.”There are significant opportunities here,

both for original-equipment and aftermarketproducts, some of which require or couldmake use of displays.

The Connected CarADAS may be appealing right now becausecurrent implementations don’t require connec-tivity, but limited connectivity is already here,and more – a lot more – is coming. The 2017Infiniti Q50, for example, uploads selectedvehicle and infotainment data by default.Some high-end radar/lidar detectors useuploaded data crowd-sourced from all of thebrand’s users to create a “map” of fixed-location radar sources. Such sources includealarms from automatic doors and other non-law-enforcement sites, and can thus be safelyignored, which the radar detector does. (Law-enforcement lidar measures the speed of a target by illuminating that target with alaser light.)But the next wide-spread type of connectiv-

ity will be vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), whichwill permit more effective collision avoid-ance, traffic merging, adaptive cruise control,and other functions. Next will be vehicle-to-network (V2X), which will also be used inconjunction with V2V. At this point the appli-cations become almost mind-boggling. TheGerman company HERE, which maintains a cloud-based digital mapping service, is collaborating with New York University’sMultimedia and Visual Computing Lab on anHD live map program. Eventually, connectedvehicles will continually update the map inreal time to maintain car-to-map precisionwithin 10 cm (4 inches).BMW will be installing data-generation

technology from the Israeli company Mobil-

eye in its cars beginning with the 2018 modelyear. The data will be uploaded to HERE,which will use the data to update its real-timecloud service for automated vehicles.Another type of application is “broad data.”

One example is uploading speed and brake-point data for many vehicles at a particularturn. That data could be used for reprogram-ming the safe distance between autonomouscars at that turn.Cars with lots of artificial intelligence,

whether they are autonomous or not, willrequire software updates. It is clearly moreattractive to download the updates to all appli-cable vehicles rather than sending letters totheir owners and hoping that they bring theirvehicles into the dealership. OEMs and artifi-cial intelligence (AI) companies are very con-cerned that once an upgrade is decided upon,all vehicles be updated reliably and more orless at the same time.

Autonomous VehiclesThe Society of Automotive Engineers definesfive levels of automation for vehicles. All levels will require sensors for situationalawareness (Fig. 2). ADAS bridges Levels 1and 2, depending on whether we’re talkingabout a single function or the integration oftwo or more functions. In either case, thedriver is always responsible for controlling

the car, even if the car may intervene underspecial circumstances, such as automaticemergency braking.Level 5 is full autonomy under all condi-

tions: set your destination and go to sleep.Level 4 is full autonomy under certain sets ofconditions, such as “highway driving in clearweather with no more than moderate trafficdensity.”That leaves Level 3: autonomous driving,

but without the expectation that the car willalways have adequate situational awareness.When the car loses adequate situationalawareness, say when a light snow obliterateshighway lane markings, it passes control backto the driver. And that’s a problem. People arenot good at switching tasks quickly, and that’sespecially true when a driver has lost situa-tional awareness because he’s texting, read-ing, or video conferencing. So, when the cartells the driver to take over, the driver mustrealize what the car is instructing him to do,withdraw from the task he’s performing,spend the needed time to attain situationalawareness, resume control, and – hopefully –take appropriate actions. And by the time thedriver does all that, there is a reasonablechance that the car will be in an even worsesituation. After studying how this process might be

reliably accelerated, many investigators have


Fig. 3: A Velodyne lidar sensor is mounted on a developmental Ford vehicle. Lidar is regardedas an essential technology for autonomous vehicles. Ford recently announced it would fieldLevel 5 autonomous vehicles in 2021. Photo: Ken Werner


concluded that Level 3 should be skipped,while others still feel it’s feasible. Ford madeits position official in mid-February. It willskip directly to Level 5, and will introducedriverless cars in 2021 (Fig. 3). Ford is guar-anteeing a human driver won’t be able to foulthings up by omitting the steering wheel,brake, and gas pedal from these cars, saidFord product development chief Raj Nair,according to Bloomberg Technology. Thesecars may very well be Uber-style taxis.Some manufacturers, including BMW and

Audi, will be rolling out Level 3 cars nextyear that give drivers at least 10 seconds totake over from the system. That may beenough time for the driver to do his task-switching and acquisition of situationalawareness, but can the system guarantee that nothing untoward will happen duringthose 10 seconds? This will be interesting.OEMs feel that displays are critical for

introducing drivers – or, at Level 5, owner/passengers – to the systems and developingconfidence in them. According to this think-ing, it is important for drivers to know whatthe system knows and how it is making itsdecisions, so the driver can learn to trust the car. And there’s another entire area for

enhanced displays. When your car does the

driving, what are you going to do? See Fig. 4.(Suggestions: video conference, email, text,watch a movie, read something.) The car must entertain and inform you, but

the ways in which it does that will be subject to constant change. When OEMs can no longerdifferentiate their products on the basis of theconventional driving experience, they willhave to innovate elsewhere. With many con-cept vehicles featuring displays that conformto interior curved surfaces, there’s no questionthat flexible OLED will play an importantrole. Continual novelty will be essential.

Displays Beyond the ImaginationAutonomous vehicles will talk to each other,talk to the cloud, and talk to you. But the communication will go both ways. Particu-larly for semi-autonomous vehicles, it will beuseful for the car to observe you throughvideo and perhaps bio-sensing to determine if you’re awake, alert, and looking out thewindshield as you should. But even in fullautonomous vehicles, a vehicle that can deter-mine your mood could, for instance, provideyou with the appropriate music or video, orsuggest that it take you to a bar or coffeeshop, as is appropriate. Perhaps OLED light-ing over the surfaces of the car’s interiorwould supply appropriate mood lighting.

OEMs, Tier 1 suppliers, and universityresearchers are reimagining the automobile.Those reimaginings include displays, includ-ing displays that do not yet exist. n

display marketplace


Fig. 4: When the car drives itself, what do you do? You might want to watch the multiple wide-aspect-ratio door-mounted displays. Photo: Daimler Benz

J O I N S I DWe invite you to join SID to participate in shaping the future development of:

• Display technologies and display-related products

• Materials and components for displays and display applications



In every specialty you will find SIDmembers as leading contributors totheir profession.


Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and new productannouncements to:

Jenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine411 Lafayette Street, Suite 201

New York, NY 10003Fax: 212.460.5460

e-mail: [email protected]

VISITINFORMATION

DISPLAY ON-LINEwww.informationdisplay.org





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w w w.Informat ionDisp lay.org 2017 PRINT & DIGITA L MEDI A GU IDE

INFORMATION DISPLAY

2017 Editorial CalendarTHE DISPLAY INDUSTRY’S SOURCE FOR NEWS AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Issue Editorial Coverage Ad Closing Date

January/February Applied VisionSpecial Features: Reducing Stereoscopic Artifacts, Realizing Augmented and Virtual Reality, New Display Frontiers, Cool New Devices for a New Year

Markets: Game developers, medical equipment manufacturers, research institutions, OEMs, software developers, wearable designers, entertainment industry research and developers

December 28

March/April Display Week Preview, Display MaterialsSpecial Features: SID Honors and Awards, Symposium Preview, Display Week at a Glance, MicroLEDs, Progress in OLED Manufacturing, Disruptive Materials, Nine Most Important Display Trends from CES

Markets: OEMs, deposition equipment manufacturers, entertainment industry research and developers, display and electronic industry analysts

February 27

May/June Display Week Special, Automotive DisplaysSpecial Features: Display Industry Awards, Products on Display, Key Trends in Automotive Displays, Head-up Designs for Vehicles, Novel Interfaces for Automobiles

Markets: Consumer products (TV makers, mobile phone companies), OEMs, research institutes, auto makers, display module manufacturers, marine and aeronautical companies

Bonus Distribution: Display Week 2017 in Los Angeles

April 18

July/August Wearable, Flexible Technology and HDR & Advanced DisplaysSpecial Features: Flexible Technology Overview, Advanced Displays Overview, Wearables Round-up, Overcoming HDR Challenges

Markets: Research institutions, OEMs, OLED process and materials manufacturers, entertainment industry research and development, measurement systems manufacturers

June 16

September/ October

Display Week Wrap-up, Digital Signage Special Features: Display Week Technology Reviews, Best in Show and Innovation Awards, Digital Signage Trends, Ruggedization Challenges for Digital Signage

Markets: Large-area digital signage developers; in-store electronic label manufacturers, advertising and entertainment system developers, consumer product developers, retail system developers

August 22

November/ December

Light-field and Holographic SystemsSpecial Features: Real-world light-field applications, holographic approaches, solving problems of next-generation displays

Markets: OEMs, Consumer product developers, research institutes, auto makers, entertainment and gaming developers; measurement systems manufacturers

October 20

SID-2017.indd 4 11/4/16 5:03 PM

2017 EDITORIAL CALENDAR

Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display

Contact: Roland Espinosa

INFORMATION DISPLAY MAGAZINEAdvertising Representative

Phone: 201-748-6819 • Email: [email protected] View the Information Display Website: www.informationdisplay.org

� January/FebruaryApplied Vision Special Features: Reducing Stereoscopic Artifacts,Realizing Augmented and Virtual Reality, New DisplayFrontiers, Cool New Devices for a New YearMarkets: Game developers, medical equipment manufac-turers, research institutions, OEMs, software developers,wearable designers, entertainment industry research anddevelopersDecember 28: Ad closing

� March/AprilDisplay Week Preview, Display MaterialsSpecial Features: SID Honors and Awards, SymposiumPreview, Display Week at a Glance, MicroLEDs, Progress inOLED Manufacturing, Disruptive Materials, Nine MostImportant Display Trends from CESMarkets: OEMs, deposition equipment manufacturers, enter-tainment industry research and developers, display and elec-tronic industry analystsFebruary 27: Ad closing

� May/JuneDisplay Week Special, Automotive DisplaysSpecial Features: Display Industry Awards, Products onDisplay, Key Trends in Automotive Displays, Head-upDesigns for Vehicles, Novel Interfaces for AutomobilesMarkets: Consumer products (TV makers, mobile phonecompanies), OEMs, research institutes, auto makers, displaymodule manufacturers, marine and aeronautical companiesApril 18: Ad closing Bonus Distribution: Display Week 2017 in Los Angeles

� July/AugustWearable, Flexible Technology and HDR & AdvancedDisplaysSpecial Features: Flexible Technology Overview, AdvancedDisplays Overview, Wearables Round-up, Overcoming HDRChallengesMarkets: Research institutions, OEMs, OLED process andmaterials manufacturers, entertainment industry researchand development, measurement systems manufacturersJune 16: Ad closing

� September/OctoberDisplay Week Wrap-up, Digital SignageSpecial Features: Display Week Technology Reviews, Bestin Show and Innovation Awards, Digital Signage Trends,Ruggedization Challenges for Digital SignageMarkets: Large-area digital signage developers; in-storeelectronic label manufacturers, advertising and entertainmentsystem developers, consumer product developers, retail sys-tem developersAugust 22: Ad closing

� November/DecemberLight-field and Holographic SystemsSpecial Features: Real-world light-field applications, holo-graphic approaches, solving problems of next-generation dis-playsMarkets: OEMs, Consumer product developers, researchinstitutes, auto makers, entertainment and gaming develop-ers; measurement systems manufacturersOctober 20: Ad closing

LIGHT-FIELD DISPLAY SYSTEMS

Official Publication of the Society for Information Display • www.informationdisplay.orgJuly/August 2016Vol. 32, No. 4



ID: For our readers who don’t know a lot about Luminit, can youexplain what the company does?

Seth Coe-Sullivan:The products and technology that Luminit has had for the last10 years – or actually 15, since the technology was conceived atour parent company [Luminit was spun off from PhysicalOptics Corporation in 2006] – are based on holographic diffusertechnology. We use a holographic process to create a master thatallows us to make roll-to-roll, surface-relief diffusers with veryhigh precision and control. Our single largest market is the lighting industry, but we also

serve the display and various other high-tech industries thathave a need for our diffusers. We’ve had a profitable small business for the last decade, and part of our strength is that there are just so many different applications for this technology.Today, our largest single market is LED lighting. Beyond that,our market is what we call high tech, which is sort of a catch-allfor various medical imaging devices, barcode scanners, finger-print scanners – anywhere that controlled lighting is an impor-tant part of the product function.

ID: Can you describe the holographic process used to create thefilms?

SCS: We use a laser-based interference process to create the primarystructure. The master that holds all the information is created in

a holography lab.Once we’ve got thatmaster, which is likea big rolling pin, we

use a physical, mechanical process to transfer that pattern intothe film that we sell. The use of this product has nothing to do with holography. The

diffuser can accept monochrome laser light, but also white orcolored LED light. And it diffuses that light in a controlled way,which in this context means we can determine how exactly thelight spreads out onto a sheet. It can be spread in a narrow cone, a very broad cone, a circular cone, an elliptical cone, and so forth.

ID: In addition, Luminit is now making something new, an actualholographic product. Can you tell us about that?

SCS: We’ve introduced what we’re calling a transparent holographiccomponent. It works with various products such as augmented-reality (AR) glasses, smart glasses, vehicular displays, near-to-eye displays, and vehicular head-up displays. The componentdoesn’t form the image – it relies on another display device todo that, so there’ll be a projector or a microdisplay of some sortin the system. The system renders the image holographically. So you look through this transparent piece of glass, and you seeall the information on the display without having to look at thedisplay. It’s an optical element, and can function as if it were alens, a grating, or a mirror. But it’s diffractive, which allows theelement to be selective, only having the desired effect on a limited range of colors and angles. All the other light can passthrough unaffected by our component. The fact that these holograms are transparent is absolutely

critical in all the markets I just mentioned. You can’t put any-thing on a windshield that isn’t transparent. You can’t wear eyeglasses that aren’t transparent.

ID Interviews Seth Coe-Sullivan, Vice President and Chief Technical Officer for LuminitSeth Coe-Sullivan is well known as a co-founder of the quantum dot company QD Vision. He holds numerous patents relating to quantum dots (QDs) and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Coe-Sullivan’s role at Luminit, a maker of light diffuser films and holographic components, includes intellectual property strategy, technical marketing, and business development.

Conducted by Jenny Donelan

Jenny Donelan is the editor in chief of Information Display Magazine. She can bereached at [email protected].


market insights

ID Donelan Interview p36-37_Layout 1 4/22/2017 1:55 PM Page 36


ID: So you’re looking through the transparentcomponent, but the image will appear toyou as if it is in thin air.

SCS: Exactly.

ID: Where did this concept come from?SCS: The idea actually goes back a couple of

decades. It was the same with quantumdots. People talked about using them fordisplays well before I started working withthem. What we did then, and what we’redoing now, is to reduce the technology tosomething practical that fits within the display ecosystem – such as the displayoptical system – and serves a current need.

ID: Speaking of quantum dots, you wereinvolved with them for years. How doesthat experience relate to what you’re doingnow?

SCS: It’s fair to say that I was known as the quantum dot guy. So Iwanted to prove to myself that I could be more than just a quan-tum dot guy. What brought me to Luminit was this combinationof another really hard technology – quantum dots and hologra-phy are both optical technologies and they’re both sort of thestuff of science fiction, as well as the stuff of hard science. Thechallenge is trying to make them into an easy-to-buy, easy-to-use commercial, consumer technology.When I got involved with quantum dots – which was the sub-

ject of my Ph.D. thesis at MIT, spun out into the company QDVision – they were sort of a lab curiosity, and now you can buyeight different brands, and they are used for monitors, and forTVs at Best Buy. I’m not quite sure quantum dot is a householdname yet, but still – what I am excited about here at Luminit isthe chance to do the same. It’s another cycle of taking some-thing complicated in a lab and turning it into an impactful product instead of just a cool technology.

ID: In a related question, how does your experience in a start-uplike QD Vision compare with where you are at now?

SCS: Well, the diffuser technology we discussed earlier is well estab-lished and well known, and has been sold into the industry for a decade. But what I’m doing at Luminit is going back to thecompany’s roots in holography, and instead of just applying thattechnology to diffusers, we’re applying it to the main displayfunction. What’s exciting is they’reclearly experts in holography; Luminithas a large list of people who havePh.D.s in holography.

ID: So where is this technology today interms of development?

SCS: We’re working with consumer elec-tronics companies, pulling together

whole systems with our components. These systems were shown at CES, and even beforethat, but Luminit’s role has been anonymous.I can’t list a specific customer for you yet, but if you were able to walk around CES, you wouldsee prototypes with our stuff in it. [At press time, however, Luminit had just won a DisplayComponent of the Year Award for its TransparentHolographic Component, as used in a commer-cial prototype, a HUD for a motorcycle helmetfrom a developer called REYEDR.]Right now we’re scaling up production –

Luminit has created a whole new facility for production of these Transparent HolographicComponents, and we’re in the process of receiv-ing all the equipment needed to mass-producethese. Today we’re able to produce them in quantities of tens and hundreds per month, andvery quickly we should be able to produce themin quantities of tens of thousands, if not hundreds

of thousands, a month. This capacity will be in place by mid-year, and we should be shipping to our customers in 2017. What we’re finding is a need for head-up displays for the

avionic and automotive markets, and transparent displays foraugmented reality. These are relatively new topics. People havetalked about them for a long time, but taking them seriously as a small electronics class that could have a big impact on themarket in a few years is a relatively new discussion. I think adecade ago, it wasn’t clear that the world was ready or that theecosystem existed for augmented reality to be useful to con-sumers. But everybody’s excited about it now. All of the variouscomponents – software, user interface, operating system – canbe worked on in parallel, and we think that a transparent opticalelement is absolutely critical to the success of this industry.

ID: From a personal standpoint, what has it been like to changecompanies and work with a completely new technology, even if there are commonalities in terms of optics? Has that been achallenge for you?

SCS: For me it’s just been fun and exciting. I’m happiest when I’mlearning. Making it up that learning curve to understanding anew market, and understanding a new technology, is what keepsme engaged. n


... quantum dots and holography are both optical technologiesand they’re both sort of the stuff of science fiction, as well as the stuffof hard science. The challenge is trying to make them into an easy-to-buy, easy-to-use commercial, consumer technology.“

”

Seth Coe-Sullivan

ID Donelan Interview p36-37_Layout 1 4/22/2017 1:55 PM Page 37

THE SID 2017 International Symposium,Seminar, and Exhibition (Display Week 2017)will be held at the Los Angeles ConventionCenter in Los Angeles, California, the week of May 21. For 3 days, May 23–25, leadingmanufacturers will present the latest displays,display components, and display systems. To present a preview of the show, we invitedthe exhibitors to highlight their offerings. The following is based on their responses.

4JETAlsdorf, Germany+49-(0)-2404/55230-0; www.4jet.deBooth 1413

Laser Processing for Glass or Film Substrates

4JET’s TWIN platform is designed for laser pro-cessing of glass or film substrates. The modulardesign allows the integration of up to two parallel orsequentially working process heads – for increasedthroughput or a combination of different processesin one machine. Standard applications include thecutting of technical glass with the PearlCut process,glass drilling, or the precise patterning of thin con-

ductive films for the production of optoelectronicdevices such as touch panels, LEDs, OLEDs, orsmart windows, as well as in automotive and lifesciences applications. Integration into automatedproduction environments is possible.

ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, A SUBSIDIARY OF GRAFTECH INTERNATIONALLakewood, Ohio, USA+1-216-676-2358; www.egraf.comBooth 1235

Graphite Heat Spreaders

SPREADERSHIELD flexible graphite heat spreaders are the industry standard used to prevent hotspotson displays, improve image quality, and cool hotdisplay components. These products are ideal fordisplay sizes ranging from smaller cell phones up to the largest consumer televisions. The graphitespreaders are pre-cut to any custom shape, have adurable pre-applied adhesive, and are laminatedwith a thin, tough, plastic coating for ease of han-dling and dielectric protection. Advanced EnergyTechnologies is a subsidiary of GrafTech Interna-tional Inc.

AGC ASAHI GLASSTokyo, Japan+81-50-3481-3589; www.agc.com/englishBooth 1321

Advanced Glass Products for Vehicle Displays

Glass has become the design material of choice fornext-generation vehicles. Its performance and aesthetics are unparalleled. As a global leader inadvanced glass solutions, AGC is developing arange of glass platforms designed to increase driversafety, comfort, and convenience specifically for theautomotive sector. The AGC exhibition showcasesdevelopmental automotive platforms, including adigital dashboard with 3D instrument cluster, CID,and passenger-side displays.

AMPIRE CO., LTD.New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC +886-2-2696-7269; www.ampire.com.tw/enBooth 335

LCD Bar Displays

Ampire produces customized displays and providesvalue-added services to meet customers’ LCD andtouch-panel project needs. The company specializesin bar displays with ultra-wide aspect ratios that provide excellent performance, especially for market-

Products on Display at Display Week 2017Those products on display at North America’s largest electronic-display exhibition that were offered for preview are described here.

by The Editorial Staff


trade-show preview

ID ProductsOnDisplay 2017 REVISED p38-52_Layout 1 4/22/2017 2:10 PM Page 38

http://www.4jet.de

http://www.egraf.com

http://www.agc.com/english

http://www.ampire.com.tw/en

ing applications. The displays are available in sizesranging from 6.3 to 28 inches, and are also offeredwith touch integration and sunlight readability.

BOEShenzhen, PR China+86-1861-1949-171; www.boe.comBooth 717

27-in. 8K 3D Display

BOE’s 27-in. 3D panel is an advanced amorphoussilicon (a-Si) 8K (7,680 × 4,320) resolution display.The 325 pixels per inch offer a highly realisticviewing experience. With HADS and Bright Viewtechnology, the transmittance is increased by 30%.The color gamut is above Adobe 100% through theadoption of quantum dots. The border has beenreduced to 3.5 mm, owing to innovative gate-driver-on-array (GOA) technology, which is obviouslycompetitive with other MNT products. Moreover,BOE proposes a glasses-free 3D display based onthis panel; with the switchable 3D barrier, it offers a better 3D experience with a larger 3D view anglethat is free of crosstalk.

CARESTREAM CONTRACTMANUFACTURINGWhite City, OR, USA+1-800-234-8069; www.tollcoating.comBooth 1311

Hardcoat Films

Carestream Contract Manufacturing will showcaseits hardcoat films at Display Week. Carestream’scrystal clear, super-hard polymer film coatingsimpart a durable, scratch-resistant surface that looksand wears like glass when adhered to any productsurface. It is available as a coated polyethylene

terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA), or polycarbonate (PC) film in 5-mil (125-μm) and 7-mil (175-μm) thicknesses. Typicalhardcoat film applications include touch screens,consumer product cover-glass replacement,improved membrane and capacitive switch wearlayers, appliance and automotive decorative films,and point-of-purchase (POP) and point-of-informa-tion (POI) displays.

CHROMA Irvine, CA, USA+1-949-421-0355, ext. 128; www.chromaus.comBooth 1513

8K Display Testing Solutions

The latest addition to Chroma’s broad range of display testing solutions, the 8K Super Hi-VisionVideo Pattern Generator, is an industry leader andone of the most competitive display testing units on the market. It is designed to meet the higheststandards for customers’ display testing needs at thelab or on the production floor. From high-definitionmultimedia interface (HDMI) 2.0a, to DisplayPort1.3, to traditional analog signals, Chroma 2238 iscapable of incorporating up to four modules andoutputting both timing and pattern signals from all 4modules simultaneously. Its modular design allowseasy upgrades to the latest industry signal standardswithout customers having to replace whole units.

CLEARINK DISPLAYSFremont, CA, USA+1-510-624-9305; www.clearinkdisplays.comBooth 209

Reflective Displays

CLEARink Displays is a venture-backed startup, with R&D in US and Canada. CLEARink’s reflective displays are low-power, full-color, outdoor-readable, and video-capable – all at a cost comparable to thatof LCDs. These displays will revolutionize the use cases for wearables, smartphones/tablets, e-School books, electronic shelf labels, and outdoor signage –the total combined accessible market of which willbe over $12 billion by 2018. CLEARink’s technol-ogy is based on varying the brightness of a specially designed reflector film by modulating the total inter-nal reflection of ambient light from the film, using a single electrically charged particle suspended in aliquid.

COLORIMETRY RESEARCH, INC.Santa Clarita, CA, USA+1-661-296-2790; www.colorimetryresearch.comBooth 1445

Portable, High-performance Spectroradiometer

The CR-300 is a portable, high-end spectroradiome-ter with the performance of a laboratory gradeinstrument. Specifically designed to address the calibration of new laser projectors, it provides highcolor accuracy and measurement stability. The CR-300 is built with a 512-pixel CMOS sensor and provides a spectral resolution of 0.8 nm/pixelwith an optical bandwidth of 2 nm. ColorimetryResearch specializes in measurement and calibra-tion of display panels and projectors.



http://www.boe.com

http://www.tollcoating.com

http://www.chromaus.com

http://www.clearinkdisplays.com

http://www.colorimetryresearch.com

COLORLINK JAPANTokyo, Japan+81-3-6231-1311; www.colorlinkjapan.com/brandBooth 1408

Precision Polarization Optics

ColorLink Japan offers unique capabilities withregard to assembling precision polarization optics.

CORNING, INC.Corning, NY, USA+1-607-974-7185; www.corning.comBooth 929

Advanced Glass to Enhance the ConsumerDriving Experience

Corning, a world-leading innovator in specialtyglass, will show the connected car interior of thefuture at Display Week 2017. The display-rich dashboard and center stack, covered by thin, toughCorning Gorilla Glass for Automotive Interiors, represent the same look and aesthetics consumerslove about their smartphones. The Gorilla Glass hasbeen cold-formed into complex shapes, creating asmooth, luxurious, and cost-effective solution formanufacturers that inspires creativity amongdesigners and excitement from consumers.

CYBERNETTokyo, Japan+81-3-5297-3010; http://cybernet.co.jpBooth 1517

Mura Correction System for OLED ProductionLines

Cybernet provides a mura correction system (FPiS-HPS) for use on OLED display production lines.The system performs high-precision, high-speedmura correction in consideration of the impact of“gray-scale dependent for mura (sub-pixel uneven-ness, voltage drop),” which is a characteristic prob-lem for OLEDs. Automation is achieved for allprocesses, from measurement to mura correction, as well as mura compensation data writing via customization based on applicable panels and production lines. Cybernet also provides mura correction intellectual property (IP). By cooperatingwith major semiconductor manufacturers whoseproducts have been adopted for smartphones, tabletproducts, etc., Cybernet has optimized mura correc-tion IP for display driver integrated circuit (DDIC)implementation.

DARK FIELDOrange, CT, USA+1-203-298-0731; www.darkfield.comBooth 1538

High-Resolution In-Situ Defect Detection

Vacuum deposition on film and glass is a highvalue-added operation. Products must be contami-nant free, and in-situ inspection for defects of 1µmand larger is required in real time. Currently, depo-sition is performed “blind” – there is no feedbackfor contamination or defect detection until after theroll or sheet has been produced. A robust, elegantsolution has arrived: The next generation of solid-state -laser reflection (SSLR) technology marries

line-scan cameras and lasers with new high-resolu-tion optics into a single scan unit. This scanner iseasily installed and delivers 100% inspection duringdeposition. All active modules are located outsidethe chamber and the inspection is performed insidethe chamber, in transmission, reflection or both.

DAWAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Pittsburgh, PA, USA+1-412-322-9900 x 308; www.dawar.comBooth 1205

Projected Capacitive and Resistive Touch

Dawar Technologies provides projected capacitiveand resistive touch solutions, as well as value-addedservices for custom user interface for the medical,military, aerospace, instrumentation, industrial,POS/kiosk, and marine markets. With manufactur-ing and design facilities in the US and Asia, Dawarcontrols and manages the entire touch system ful-fillment process, including engineering, production,and supply chain management. Customers benefitfrom consistently high-quality products and servicesthat support their businesses and help them succeed.

DIGITAL VIEWMorgan Hill, CA, USA+1-408-782-7773; www.digitalview.comBooth 514

New-Generation LCD Controller

The Digital View ALR-1400v2 replaces the ALR-1400. After more than 10 years of production, theALR-1400 has reached end of life (EOL), and noti-fication has gone out. In its place, the ALR-1400v2has been released and is now available. Mirroringthe original, together with a small number ofenhancements and updates, this new workhorselooks set to be every bit as solid and reliable as thefirst release. Digital View will be showing the ALR-1400v2 at its booth, together with other newproducts.

trade-show preview


Display Week 2018May 20–25, 2018

Los Angeles, California, USA


http://www.colorlinkjapan.com/brand

http://www.corning.com

http://cybernet.co.jp

http://www.darkfield.com

http://www.dawar.com

http://www.digitalview.com

DLC DISPLAY CO., LTD.ShenZhen City, China+86-755-86364060; www.dlcdisplay.comBooth 215

Bar-Type TFT Displays

DLC Display makes products including an 8.01-in.,bar-type, IPS thin-film transistor (TFT) display with 1,600 (RGB) × 480 resolution, low-voltagedifferential signaling (LVDS) interface, and 500candelas per square meter (cd/m2).

EARTHLCD Irvine, CA, USA+1-949-248-2333; www.earthlcd.comBooth 545

HD-Resolution LCD Controller

The new EarthVision-X1 features up to HD-resolu-tion, 1,920 × 1,080 low-voltage differential signaling(LVDS) panels, and a built-in LED backlight driverplus a header for external driver. EarthLCD willscale other resolutions to native panel resolution, upor down. Other features include: wide power rangeinput (6 to 40 volts DC; standard video inputs high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) DVI VGA2×, a composite via board header, full on-screen display (OSD) control via on-board buttons or external button board; full control of board features via serial (RS232) interface; and on-board DIP switchto select options like disable OSD buttons, etc.

ELDIM Hérouville, Saint-Clair, France +33-2-31-94-76-00; www.eldim.frBooth 1121

Optical Measurement Systems

ELDIM’s new VCProbe from its series of opticsand sensors includes many innovations. The newproduct enables a full-viewing angle plot in lessthan 2 seconds. It offers the strength of ELDIM’swell-known EZContrast line linked to an efficientrobotic. The robotic arm, combined with a viewing-angle system, makes an ideal solution for fast andaccurate measurements. The technology can easilygo from small to large displays, whatever theirshapes: flat, curved, or flexible. An on-axis spec-trometer and an IR camera to test the spatial temper-ature variation of displays are now also available.

ELOMilpitas, CA, USA+1-408-597-8000; www.elotouch.comBooth 1229

Projected Capacitive Controller

Elo is excited to announce the launch of the 9200Series PCAP controller. Optimized for 15- to 32-in.touchscreens with a completely configurable touch-screen interface architecture, this in-house designedcontroller addresses the unique needs of industrialtouch applications. Features include custom algo-

rithms programmed to handle liquids in harsh envi-ronments, and mixed mode scanning and frequencyhopping for challenging noise interference, provid-ing for versatile commercial application use. Elo, aglobal leader in touchscreen solutions, architectedthe 9200 Series for maximum performance regard-less of aspect ratio, screen size, or shape. The con-troller is available for sampling to customers now.

EPOXY TECHNOLOGY, INC.Billerica, MA, USA+1-978-667-3805; www.epotek.com Booth 1145

UV-Hybrid Adhesives

Epoxy Technology (EPO-TEK), a market leader inadvanced epoxy, UV, and UV hybrids, is showcas-ing its expanded line of epoxy-based, UV-hybridchemistry adhesives. These novel formulationsallow for improved handling and process control by utilizing both UV and thermal curing. The company’s UV-hybrid adhesives can be tack free in under 20 seconds, have lower shrinkage, lessstress, and excellent 85°C/85%RH resistance.


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www.informationdisplay.org

JOIN SIDIn every specialty you will find SID members as leading contributors to their profession.



http://www.dlcdisplay.com

http://www.earthlcd.com

http://www.eldim.fr

http://www.elotouch.com

http://www.epotek.com



FIELDSCALEThessaloniki, Greece+30-6982-56-51-78; www.fieldscale.comBooth 1045

Touch Sensor Design Software

Fieldscale SENSE is the first touch sensor designand analysis simulation software exclusively devel-oped to help engineers create the most advancedtouchscreens in a swift modeling process. SENSEutilizes a state-of-the art boundary element methodto simulate the behavior of a touch sensor when apointer approaches its vicinity. Touch sensor speci-fications, such as the hovering effect, the touchresponse, and bezel influences can be modeled withSENSE. SENSE streamlines the product designprocess by automating its most demanding steps. It integrates with all parts of production positioningand is an indispensable tool for integrated circuit(IC) and touch-screen manufacturers.

FRAUNHOFER FEPDresden, Germany+49-(0)-351/8823-238; www.fep.fraunhofer.deBooth 623

OLED Microdisplay with Fingerprint Sensor

Fraunhofer FEP has developed an OLED microdis-play with an embedded optical fingerprint sensor.The display is built from nested display and sensorpixels and is based on OLED-on-silicon technology.In this set-up, the active area can show and captureimages in the same plane. In fingerprint mode, thedisplay uses a controlled illumination of the fingertouch that is captured by the embedded image sen-sor. The first prototype has a native resolution of1,600 dpi. This is three times higher than requiredby the FBI. One of the most interesting applicationsfor the new optical fingerprint technology is identi-fication in mobile devices.

FUTABA CORPORATION OF AMERICA Schaumburg, IL, USA+1-847-884-1444; www.futaba.comBooth 737

Capacitive-Touch Panels

Futaba’s capacitive-touch panel products weredeveloped using thin-film formation technologiesperfected in the company’s electronic componentmanufacturing processes. With their outstandingsensitivity and resistance to harsh environmentalconditions, these products are finding an increasingnumber of applications in consumer products andautomotive in-vehicle equipment that require a high level of reliability.

GECleveland, OH, USAwww.geradiantred.comBooth 204

LCD Color Technology

Whether we’re looking at a beautiful photo on ourphone or watching a blockbuster movie on thecouch, display screens have the power to transportus to other worlds. It’s no wonder that desire for televisions and devices with ultimate picture clarityand wide color gamut is greater than ever. GE has

innovated RadiantRed Technology to unlock true-to-life colors and the truest red available in LCDswithout compromise – and it’s available today.

GOOCH & HOUSEGOOrlando, FL, USA+1-407-422-3171; www.GHinstruments.comBooth 1244

Tunable LED Source

The OL 459 is a unique and innovative, tunableLED source designed for replication of spectra to enable calibration of cameras and other optical instruments. Separate optical output power modules enable remote location of either unit, making align-ment or positioning of the source with respect to an instrument a breeze. The OL 459 is ideal andunsurpassed for camera calibrations, blackbodycolor temperature replication, customizable spectrafor R&D, and more.

GUANMAT OPTOELECTRONICMATERIALS, INC.Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, China+86-799-3607525 (fax); www.guanmat.comBooth 236

trade-show preview



http://www.fieldscale.com

http://www.fep.fraunhofer.de

http://www.futaba.com

http://www.geradiantred.com

http://www.GHinstruments.com

http://www.guanmat.com

AMOLED Materials and ElectroluminescentIntermediates

GuanMat Optoelectronic Materials offers customsynthesis and original equipment manufacturing(OEM) chemical manufacture of OLED intermedi-ates and materials with high efficiency, greater stability, and higher throughput in the area oforganic electronic materials used for OLED, organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), and organicphotovoltaic (OPV). The company has adopted andcertified the quality management and environmentalmanagement system of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

HENGHAO TECHNOLOGYHukou Shiang, Hsin-chu County, Taiwan+886-3-5971875, ext. 12705; www.henghao.com.twBooth 1508

Touch Technologies

HengHao has more than 20 years’ experience intouch-panel and display design and manufacturing.The company offers solutions for touch, liquid-crystal monitors (LCMs), lamination, and systemintegration. It also has capabilities in one-glass solution (OGS), one-film solution (OFS), directbonding, back-light module (BLM), and LCMassembly. These products can be used in smartwatches, smartphones, tablets, notebooks, vehicles,Internet of Things (IoT), and industrial/medicaloriginal design manufacturing.

HOLOEYEBerlin, Germany+49-(0)-30-63-92-36-60; www.holoeye.comBooth 606

Color LCOS Display

HOLOEYE introduces a new color liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) projection microdisplay with HD resolution (1,920 × 1,080 pixels) and integratedASIC driver chip, including the following features:pixel pitch of 4.5 µm, display diagonal of 0.39inches, active area of 8.64 × 4.86 mm, and packagedimensions of 23.4 × 9.0 × 3.3 mm.

INNOLAS SOLUTIONS GMBHKrailling, Germany +49-89-8105-9168-1050; www.innolas-solutions.comBooth 1521

Laser Processing Workstation

InnoLas Solutions provides laser systems for micromaterial processing with various applications in the semiconductor, electronics, display, and photo-voltaic industries. The ILS-LT is a versatile laserprocessing workstation designed for high-precisionapplications. Up to two laser sources (µs - fs pulses,355-nm to 10.600-nm wavelength) and galvo scan-ners or fixed optic processing heads can be installedin the machine. The ILS-LT handles format sizes ofup to 18 × 24 inches. A double x/y table configura-tion (ILS-DLT) with two processing heads signifi-cantly increases the productivity of the laser system;two substrates can be processed in parallel.

INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS GmbHMunich, Germany+49-89-454943-153; www.instrumentsystems.comBooth 1135

Spectrally Enhanced Colorimeter

The new LumiTop 2700 from Instrument Systemscombines the spectroradiometric accuracy of thewell-known CAS 140 series with the obviousadvantages of imaging light-measurement devices.This innovative system merges an RGB camera anda flicker-diode with a high-end array spectrora-diometer. Using the extremely accurate spectralinformation of the spectrometer as reference, itguarantees the highest precision across the wholecamera image, enabling fast and accurate testing of displays. Moreover, the combination of threedevices in one makes the LumiTop 2700 perfect fordisplay testing in production lines, because differenttest applications can now be organized in a singletest station.

I-PEXAustin, TX, USA+1-512-339-4739; www.i-pex.comBooth 510

Shielded Connectors

I-PEX NOVASTACK 35-HDP shielded board-to-FPC connectors signal contacts support high data-rate transmission standards for applications up to atleast 20 gigabits per second (Gbps). These connec-tors are used to transfer four differential lanes of



http://www.henghao.com.tw

http://www.holoeye.com

http://www.innolas-solutions.com

http://www.instrumentsystems.com

http://www.i-pex.com

VESA high-bit-rate (HBR)2 5.4 Gbps graphics datato 4K × 2K resolution displays. These connectorsprovide 360-degree electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding, which allows for versatile place-ment locations near wireless antennas and radios.The connectors’ 0.35-mm pitch, 3.7-mm depth, and 0.75-mm low-profile maximum mated heightinterconnection enables use in small spaces. Theconnector contact material is a copper alloy withhigher-current carrying capacity on the four largercontacts designated for power transmission.

IRYSTECMontreal, Quebec, Canada+1-514-227-5132; www.irystec.comBooth 238

Better Readability for Automotive Displays

IRYStec’s DRIVEvue can be used with any auto-motive display device to improve display contentreadability in bright and dark driving conditions.The goal of DRIVEvue is to keep the perceivedimage quality constant, because varying lightingconditions affect the time it takes drivers to focuson the material displayed on screen (dwell time).IRYStec’s solution is designed to reduce dwell time, increasing driver’s safety. DRIVEvue can also reduce display power and heat by decreasingthe average display brightness, thereby reducing the cost for cooling, and prolonging the life of the display panel.

IWATANI CORP.Tokyo, Japan+81-3-5405-5741; www.iwatani.co.jpBooth 1421

High-Impact Absorbent Acrylic Foam and Silicone Optically Clear Adhesive

Iwatani provides functional film and industrial tapeproducts specialized for electronic devices, backedup by the company’s innovative technology andexcellent analysis that enable flexible design capabilities for customers. Its ISR-ACF acrylicfoam series features high-impact-absorbing per-formance and is widely used for display breakageprevention. Its ISR-SOC silicone optically clearadhesive (OCA) series has high durability, heatresistance, and flexibility suitable for specialized

displays such as reflective, flexible, and OLED.Furthermore, its low refractive index improves thevisual quality of the display.

JDISan Jose, CA, USA+1-408-501-3720; www.j-display.comBooth 917

High-Transmittance (80%) Transparent Color Display

This newly developed display achieves a high trans-mittance level of 80% by applying JDI’s proprietarytechnology that permits the removal of the usualcolor filter and polarizer layers. Viewers are able to see the background image and the displayed fore-ground image clearly and at the same time. By fullyutilizing this unique technology, displays can bedeveloped for new applications, such as shop windows, education tools, automotive, etc. Specifi-cations: 4 inches, 300(H) × 360(V) pixels, 16.7 million colors, and 80% transmittance. More infor-mation will be presented during Session 79.4 onFriday, May 26.

KONICA MINOLTARamsey, NJ, USA+1-201-236-4215; http://sensing.konicaminolta.usBooth 1234

Display Color Analyzer

Building on the benefits offered by the DisplayColor Analyzer CA-210, Konica Minolta’s CA-310offers even higher accuracy when measuring theLED-backlit LCD TVs that are becoming increas-

ingly popular. Although conventional backlightssuch as fluorescent lamps provide relatively uni-form light, the spectral emission distribution ofLEDs varies slightly with each unit. The CA-310overcomes this problem with color sensors thatmore closely match the CIE 1931 color-matchingfunctions, offering higher measurement accuracywhile providing high measurement speed, even atlow luminances.

KYOCERASan Diego, CA, USA+1-734-781-4879; www.kyocera-display.comBooth 421

Multi-function Haptic Display

Kyocera will demonstrate its innovative multi-function display for the first time at Display Week.Its patented technology, Haptivity, generates a programmable vibrational feedback to the user. Afine-tuned vibration through a piezo device mimicsa real mechanical button’s impact on human skin.This 10.25-in., vertically convex display featureshigh brightness and contrast ratio. For input, it sup-ports either gesture input or touches on the opticallybonded P-CAP touch screen with cover glass.

LITEMAX TECHNOLOGYFremont, CA, USA+1-510-509-7506; www.litemax.comBooth 413

27.5-in. Resized Ultra-Wide USB 3.0 Display

Litemax will be featuring the SSD2755, an innova-tive, resized ultra-wide LED-backlit LCD. The27.5-in. resized panel demonstrates a brightness of400 nits with a 1,366 × 70 aspect ratio of 16:0.8 for

trade-show preview



http://www.irystec.com

http://www.iwatani.co.jp

http://www.j-display.com

http://sensing.konicaminolta.us

http://www.kyocera-display.com

http://www.litemax.com

retail shelving to replace paper price tags for digitalsignage, department stores, vending machines, andindustrial applications. It uses a simple one-USB3.0 cable, carries power and signal input simultane-ously, and enables full-color video with 4.5-wattlow-power consumption. It is also available withdigital video interface (DVI).

LUMINITTorrance, CA, USA+1-310-320-1066, ext. 314; www.luminitco.comBooth 508

Direction Turning Film for Display Applications

Luminit Direction Turning Film (DTF) can beincorporated into display panels, such as those usedin avionics, and offers a practical solution fordesigners and engineers. DTF can redirect theimage 20° up, down, left, or right to gain optimalviewing angles in limited spaces such as instrumentpanels. Because of the high efficiency of the DTF,the redirected image is virtually distortion free.Direction Turning Film can be used either withinthe display under the LCD or on top of the LCD.

MAC THIN FILMSSanta Rosa, CA, USA+1-707-791-1650; www.macthinfilms.comBooth 1435

Infrared Radiation (IR) Blocker Coated Glassfor Outdoor Displays

IR Blocker Coated Glass enables easily viewed outdoor displays in bright sunlight while reducing/

eliminating the requirement for active cooling. Key features include: excellent sunlight readability;reduced solar heat gain; and extreme ruggedness.Key applications are: digital information displays(DIDs); outdoor kiosks/menu boards; and ruggedi-zed displays. The product is available in two per-formance ratings: IR Blocker 40 with IR reflectivepeak of ≥40%R and IR Blocker 70 with IR reflec-tive peak of ≥68%R.

MCSCIENCESuwon, Korea+82-31-206-8008; www.mcscience.comBooth 214

Cubic Colorimeters

Qbism HEXA is a product series of colorimetersdesigned for various optical test and measurementapplications. These colorimeters have special fea-tures such as object-adaptive hardware design thatis compatible with DeJign test jig and other envi-ronmental systems, dual-mode functions of colorand spectrum measurement, wireless data communi-cation, and powerful interface features for WindowsPC, Android tablet, and ParaMetric test instruments.

MITSUBISHI ELECTRICCypress, CA, USA+1-714-229-3838; www.mitsubishielectric.comBooth 221

Tough Series TFT-LCD Color Module

Mitsubishi Electric’s AT070MP11 TFT-LCD colormodule offers a high-vibration resistance of 6.8Gs,seven times that (1.0 G) of conventional products,and thus is suitable for equipment subject to strongshocks, such as construction vehicles, agriculturalvehicles, and factory-automation machines. Theproduct has a market-leading operating temperaturerange of –40 to 85 °C, compared to –30 to 80 °C forconventional products, so it is suitable for outdooruse and in vehicles operated in extreme environ-ments. The module has super-wide viewing anglesof 170 degrees, both horizontally and vertically,ensuring excellent visibility for off-center installa-tions. It has a high brightness of 1,100/1,000 cd/m2

and a high-contrast ratio of 1,000:1 for easy visibil-ity in bright environments.

NANOCOMPLehmo, Finland+358-50-463-6970; www.nanocomp.fiBooth 211

Ultra-thin Light-guide Film for LCD Backlights

Nanocomp has developed an ultra-thin light-guidefilm for medium-sized LCD backlights. While it is


For the latest on Display Week 2017:

www.displayweek.org


http://www.luminitco.com

http://www.macthinfilms.com

http://www.mcscience.com

http://www.mitsubishielectric.com

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ultra-thin, the film offers superior efficiency andexcellent uniformity. It is the thinnest and most efficient light-guide solution available in the sizerange of 7 to 15.6 inches. The exceptional thinnessand efficiency are enabled by Nanocomp’s propri-etary UV-R2R manufacturing process and specialdouble-sided micro-imprinting technology used for the light out-coupling. Nanocomp’s ultra-thin(0.375–0.5 mm) light guide provides superior performance for all LCDs in its size range. Thebacklight unit can be made flexible, making a perfect match with flexible or bendable LCDs.

NANOSYSMilpitas, CA, USA+1-408-240-6745; www.nanosysinc.comBooth 321

Hyperion Quantum Dots

Demos at Display Week featuring quantum dottechnology from Nanosys will include a BT.2020display based on the Display Industry Award Component of the Year winner for 2017: HyperionQuantum Dots. Visitors will also have a chance tosee a demonstration of the company’s next-genera-tion photo-emissive quantum dots.

NICOMATICWarminster, PA, USA+1-215-444-9580; www.nicomatic.comBooth 1313

Shielded Flat-Flexible Cables

Nicomatic will introduce its new V Shield Flat FlexCable, the next generation of FFC shielding, duringDisplay Week 2017. Its new flat-flex cables are atwist on the traditional polyester-laminated FFC;during the manufacturing process, the polyesterreceives an added aluminum base layer. The new V Shield process provides electromagnetic interfer-ence (EMI)/radio-frequency interference (RFI) andelectrostatic discharge (ESD) signal protection forcustomers’ specific designs, while maintaining thekey characteristics of lightweight, thin, and flexible.

NIDEK CO., LTD.Aichi, Japan+81-(0)533-67-6611; www.nidek.co.jpBooth 744

Antireflective and Performance-EnhancingCoatings and Thin Films

NIDEK’s coating technology controls visible andinvisible light to offer anti-reflection and transmit-tance/reflectance of specific wavelengths. The coat-ing also provides functions like surface protection,conductivity, and anti-smudging. NIDEK offers itscoating technology to a variety of fields such asautomotive, information, and communication tech-nology; electrical appliances; and spectacle lenses.Its thin-film coating technology includes hard coat-ing, vacuum deposition coating, and transfer tintingthat all enhance the performance of day-to-dayadvancements in various optical components. Acombination of nano-level thin films from NIDEKallows transmission and reflection of specific lightwavelengths according to customers’ various needs.

PHOTO RESEARCHSyracuse, NY, USA+1-818-725-9750; photoresearch.comBooth 1305

Imaging Colorimeter

Photo Research, a leader in color and light measure-ment, is featuring its enhanced Tru 8 2D imagingsolution with superior reliability. In addition, checkout Photo Research’s boosted VideoWin softwareapplication, highlighting six fundamental murameasurements: luminance edge area; luminancemura area; luminance lightness area; color edgearea; color mura area; and color lightness area.Photo Research has been a worldwide, trusted brand for more than 70 years.

PILKINGTON NORTH AMERICAToledo, OH, USA+1-800-221-0444; www.pilkington.com/naBooth 645

Smart Mirrors

The NSG Group introduces the next generation of its leading Pilkington MirroView products.Designed to meet the needs of the growing smartmirror market, Pilkington MirroView has a highlyreflective mirror coating that is used to hide digitaldisplays in retail, commercial, and residential appli-cations. The Generation 2 Pilkington MirroViewoffers a number of refinements, including improvedreflected color, giving a more natural, mirror-like

trade-show preview



http://www.nanosysinc.com

http://www.nicomatic.com

http://www.nidek.co.jp

http://www.pilkington.com/na

http://photoresearch.com

appearance. Due to the growing demand for touch-enabled surfaces, the product is fully compatiblewith all touch technologies, including projectedcapacitive. The second-generation product alsooffers a smoother surface for an improved touchexperience.

PIXEL SCIENTIFICScotts Valley, CA, USA+1-408-659-4630; http://PixelScientific.comBooth 504

Custom AMLCDs

Pixel Scientific makes small-volume, custom AMLCDs possible. The company’s unique, patentedtechnology allows it to excise custom displays from high-volume donor displays. Pixel Scientific pro-vides a full range of custom and conventional dis-plays with large color envelopes, high-brightness, and other performance-related features. The example shown below is a 6-in. × 6-in. 768 × 786 AMLCDmodule with a 1,000-nit backlight. This product,part number PS101-06061-00, is in full production.

PPGPittsburgh, PA, USA+1-724-304-1338; www.ppg.comBooth 1409

Sprayable Anti-glare Coatings for DisplayApplications

PPG has commercialized sprayable, sparkle-freeanti-glare (AG) coatings for glass and plastic sub-strates for display applications. The thermally curedAG coating on glass substrates exhibits a tunablegloss range of 50GU to 120GU, a haze range of 3%to 12%, and pencil hardness of ≥8H after curing at 150°C for one hour. The UV-curable anti-glarecoating on plastic substrates has a tunable glossrange of 40GU to 100GU, a haze range of 5% to

20%, and pencil hardness determined by plasticsubstrate type (e.g., ≥4H on PET and PMMA, and ≥1H on PC).

QEEXOMountain View, CA, USA+1-925-357-5140; www.qeexo.comBooth 1504

Innovative Touch Interaction

At Qeexo, the company’s passion is to enhance theuser experience of touch devices. TouchTools is atouch interaction innovation that allows users toeasily summon and manipulate a variety of virtualtools simply by using intuitive hand poses. WithTouchTools, cumbersome toolbars are a thing of thepast. Users need only to mimic the way they holdobjects in the real world, place their hands on thescreen, and TouchTools will choose the right virtualtool accordingly. TouchTools can be deployed on avariety of devices from tablets, to auto infotainmentsystems, to large displays.

QUADRANGLE PRODUCTS, INC.Englishtown, NJ, USA+1-732-792-1234, ext. 109; www.quadrangleproducts.comBooth 1345

Ruggedized Cables and Connectors

Quadrangle Products now offers ruggedized mil-speccables and connectors. New connectors, tooling,

and designs are added weekly as the company continually expands this product line. QuadrangleProducts was approached by several of its partnersin industry, who requested support for this style ofcable, and it has quickly become one of the mostpopular product lines. Quadrangle is a certified ISO9001 custom cable manufacturer with over 30 yearsof experience in the design and manufacture of cus-tom cable assemblies. Volumes from prototyping toproduction are offered.

Q-VIO, LLCSan Diego, CA, USA+1-858-777-8299; www.q-vio.comBooth 314

High Resolution HDMI to MIPI Rotator andConverter Board

Q-VIo and Cypher Scientific present the Q-Viohigh-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) orlow-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) to MobileIndustry Processor Interface (MIPI) rotation andconversion system, which utilizes an elegant, low-cost board solution to facilitate the use of thelatest technology MIPI LCD panels in designs with industry standard HDMI and LVDS input sources. Features include: up to wide-screen ultra-extendedgraphics array (WUXGA) resolution with quad highdefinition (QHD) on the way; true real-time imagerotation and mirror/flip capability on board; HDMIor LVDS to MIPI variations; programmability forany four-lane MIPI panel; LED backlight power circuit built in (standard or high bright); convert-ibility from portrait LCDs to landscape orientation; and small form factor.



http://PixelScientific.com

http://www.ppg.com

http://www.qeexo.com

http://www.quadrangleproducts.com

http://www.q-vio.com

RADIANT VISION SYSTEMSRedmond, WA, USA+1-425-284-0596; www.radiantvisionsystems.comBooth 1129

Conoscope Lens

The Radiant Vision Systems conoscope lens enableshigh-resolution photopic measurement of angulardistributions of color, luminance, and contrast ofdisplays and display components. Using Fourieroptics to map emission angles to charge-coupledevice (CCD) pixels, the lens captures a full cone of viewing angle data in a single measurement to±60 degrees. No rotation of the camera or the dis-play is necessary to capture angular data, providingquick, accurate results and making the system idealfor R&D projects and in-line quality control. Thelens is well-suited to a wide range of display types,including LCD and OLED, as well as backlights.

RAMPF HOLDING GmbH & CO. KGGrafenberg, Germany+49-71-23-93-42-1045; www.rampf-gruppe.deBooth 718

Liquid, Optically Clear Adhesives

RAMPF makes liquid, optically clear adhesives thatare specially developed for mixing and dispensingsystems. The company offers a fully automatedjoining method featuring the air bubble-free appli-cation of bonding materials with the subsequentjoining of components. Material is applied in a vacuum and components joined in an airless

environment in vacuum. Thin-film degassing of single components facilitates processing of highlydegassed bonding material. Degassing of undercutsand gaps between frame and display is performedwhile material is applied, minimizing the risk of airbubbles. RAMPF also offers silicone systems, andadhesives for attaching displays, frames, supports,etc.

SENSOR FILMSVictor, NY, USA+1-585-738-3500; www.sensorfilmsinc.comBooth 729

Inkjet Deposition

The Starlight Digital Manufacturing and PrintingPlatform features industrial inkjet deposition of decorative and functional inks on flexible and rigidsubstrates. A modular system, Starlight can be customized with pre- and post-printing operationsfor high throughput manufacturing. A large-areaheated vacuum platen accommodates cut-sheet formats that meet the demands of high-volume production. The Starlight systems can be configuredto print stretchable UV inks for thermoformableplastics and decorative glass bezel applications. The recently announced Starlight 3000FHE willprint conductive and dielectric materials with in-linecuring and sintering, and automated placement ofdiscrete semiconductor components for flexible display electronics.

SEVASABarcelona, Spain+34-93-828-03-33; www.sevasa.comBooth 410

Anti-Glare Cover Glass for Touch and HD Displays

SEVASA’s HapticGlas offers among the largestcover glass sizes on the market – up to 154 inches(88 × 26 inches/2,250 × 3,210 mm). The productoffers exceptional tactile feedback, very lowsparkling, wide gloss range, tight gloss control, andHD resolution. It is resistant to scratches and stains,and shows few fingerprints. It is bendable, tempera-ble, and perfect for public use and outdoors. Customspecifications are available. HapticGlas is ideal forHD applications such as multitouch walls/tables,displays, digital signage, ATMs, point of sale, etc.

SIOPTICAJena, Germany+49-(0)-3641-6345901; www.sioptica.comBooth 607

Privacy Solutions for Display Applications

siOPTICA is a leading provider of innovativeswitchable privacy solutions. With its opticalstrength and new materials, the siOPTICA technol-ogy offers a high level of security for all LCD-based panels. The sioSHIELD solution is used inthe payment industry and in the automotive indus-try, as well as for laptops and other mobile devices.

SLENCIL CO. Orange, MA, USA+1-978 544-2171; www.slencil.comBooth 307

Braided-Steel Touch-Screen Stylus

The SLENCIL MW20-11-RJ1 is a military-constructed touch-screen stylus with a 20-in. (50-cm) braided steel cable tether that is black-plastic coated and features “sure-crimp” ring terminal anchoring hardware. The tether is designedwith 200-lb. tensile strength. A cushion-tip stylusprovides impact resistance to screen. The stylusmay be imprinted with corporate logo or brand.Made in USA.

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http://www.radiantvisionsystems.com

http://www.rampf-gruppe.de

http://www.sensorfilmsinc.com

http://www.sevasa.com

http://www.sioptica.com

http://www.slencil.com

SUN-TEC AMERICA +1-480-922-5344; www.sun-tec.netBooth 535

Flexible Lamination Manufacturing

The TMS-22TS laminator offers users completemanufacturing flexibility by performing flex-to-flex, flex-to-rigid, and rigid-to-rigid substrate lami-nation work. It is ideal for displays, touch sensors,and other flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) applica-tions in a production or an R&D environment. Byusing the Sun-Tec proprietary “tail-stopper” mecha-nism to enable out-gassing during a rigid-to-rigidsubstrates lamination, trapped air between the sub-strates is significantly reduced. Additional featuresof the TMS-22TS include PLC storage for 100 pro-duction recipes, programmable digitally controlledlamination speed and pressure settings, min/maxsubstrate processing of 10-in./22-in. diagonal, andplacement accuracy of +/– 0.2 mm.

SUPER IMAGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.Fremont, CA, USA+1-510-651-1329 or 510-573-3913; www.sun-innovations.comBooth 513

Multi-color LED HUD

Super Image Technologies’ newest multi-color LEDdigital light processing (DLP) head-up display(HUD) offers compact body design, high opticalefficiency, low power consumption, long LED life,bright emissive display, and standard HD videointerface. Additional features include: water-clearemissive screen that adheres to any windshield orglass surface; scalable image size with unlimitedviewing angles; bright teal, white, and red informa-tion display; compatibility with HD video or image;and mini-HDMI and micro-USB interfaces.

TACTILE AUTOMATION, INC.Monroe, WA+1-425-248-1833; www.tactileautomation.comBooth 1515

Robotic Touch and Pen Testing

Tactile Automation will introduce the TakTouch1000, with its new force-sensing and reporting endeffector, which is a 4-axis robotic touch and pen-testing platform designed specifically for testing avariety of different gestures on touch screens,touch-pads, keyboards, stylus, etc. This robot elimi-nates multiple test fixtures and operator inaccura-cies while allowing companies to automatically runa wide variety of tests sequentially without operatorinput. Therefore, customers can allocate their mostprecious resources (people’s time and money) tohigher revenue producing tasks.

TIANJIN ZHONGHUAN QUANTUM TECHCO., LTD. (ZH-QTECH)Tianjin, Tianjin, China+86-13923123229; www.zh-qtech.comBooth 308

Quantum Dot Luminescent Micro-Spheres(QLMS)

Quantum dot (QD) luminescent micro-spheres (QLMS), developed by Tianjin Zhonghuan Quantum Tech (ZH-Qtech), are a new kind of highly robustQD composite featuring high-efficiency, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and excellentlong-term operational stability. QLMS is fully com-patible with current LED packaging processes andcan be used as phosphors for direct on-chip applica-tions – tube or film is not required anymore. QLMSwill make it more convenient and cost effective formanufacturers to adopt QDs in flat-panel displayswith wide color gamut and LED lighting with highcolor rendering.

TIANMA NLT USA INC.Chino, CA, USA +1-909-590-5833; http://usa.tianma.comBooth 1005

Bendable, Foldable AMOLED for Mobile Devices

TIANMA’s first real flexible AMOLED is 5.5inches, with vivid color and high pixel density. Itcan be bendable or foldable, and it is also thin andlight. TIANMA is bringing its bright AMOLEDproducts to the smart device market. To create colorin life is TIANMA’s mission.



http://www.sun-tec.net

http://www.sun-innovations.com

http://www.tactileautomation.com

http://www.zh-qtech.com

http://usa.tianma.com

TOPCON TECHNOHOUSE CORP.Tokyo, Japan+81-3-3558-2666; www.topcon.co.jpBooth 1344

2D Spectroradiometer

To satisfy demand for expanding color gamuts,OLEDs and lasers have become mainstream. But luminance and chromaticity uniformity and mura are inevitable phenomena of this technology. Topcon’sgroundbreaking 2D spectroradiometer SR-5000 isthe perfect tool for defect finding, analysis, andmaterial development for OLEDs. Also, SR-5000His a higher grade hybrid model built with 2D spec-tral filters and XYZ filters. This versatile modelenables the fulfillment of lower luminance levels up to 0.005 candelas per square meter (cd/m2), andminimizes the site space in one unit. It will enablehigh productivity and quality for every OLED site.

TORAY RESEARCH CENTER, INC.Tokyo, Japan+81-3-3245-5633; www.toray-research.co.jpBooth 1511

Analytical Service for OLED Devices

Toray Research Center provides an extensive rangeof high-quality material analysis services. The company has 38 years of experience serving theworld’s top R&D/manufacturing companies in avariety of industrial fields, including OLED. Learnhow its benchmarking/degradation material analysiscan work for customers.

UBI RESEARCHSeoul, Korea+82-2-577-4940; www.ubiresearch.comBooth 1238

OLED Event Organizer

UBI Research organizes international eventsthroughout the year, with the goal of growth for theindustry, and also of gathering together experts andbusinesses for open discussion and networking. The UBI Research Report covers markets and technology.It is designed for the in-depth understanding of theentire OLED industry, including market forecasts,competition, supply chain analysis, and investmenttrends.

UNITED RADIANT TECHNOLOGY CORP.Taichung, Taiwan, ROC+886-4-2531-4277, ext. 3868; www.urt.com.twBooth 220

LCD and Touch Panels

United Radiant Technology (URT) manufacturesprofessional LCD panels and modules, includingtwisted nematic (TN), super-twisted nematic (STN),film-compensated-twisted nematic (FSTN), andthin-film transistor (TFT). The company also produces touch screens.

USCO AMERICAElmhurst, IL, USA+1-630-832-0438; www.uscoamerica.comBooth 234

Touch Driver Software

USCO America Inc. presents a new idea with itsown touch driver software. Its affiliate company,DMC Co., Ltd, in Japan, developed the DMT-DDdriver for USCO’s touch screens. DMT-DD is atouch driver for P-Cap and resistive touch sensors,and can control both of those at the same time. It ispossible to construct a multi-monitor environmentwith just one Windows (XP/7/8/81/10)PC system.This solution is already used for Japanese’s trainticket kiosks, and also works well for bank ATMsand various information terminals. It is possible touse two operation terminals – one for customers andthe other for administrators.

WACKER CHEMICAL CORPORATIONMunich, Germany+1-517-264-8400; www.wacker.comBooth 1412

Optical Bonding Materials for Vehicular Displays

As the inside of automobile cockpits are exposed to broad temperature extremes, high humidity, UVradiation, and constant vibration, it’s essential to select an optical bonding material that willremain stable and compliant in those conditions.WACKER’s LUMISIL silicone optically clearresins (OCRs) were specifically developed andextensively tested to meet the rigorous testingdemands of the automotive industry. The WACKER

trade-show preview


For daily display industry news, visitwww.informationdisplay.org


http://www.topcon.co.jp

http://www.toray-research.co.jp

http://www.ubiresearch.com

http://www.urt.com.tw

http://www.uscoamerica.com

http://www.wacker.com


LUMISIL OCRs are superior to acrylics in manyways, including outstanding reliability at broad temperature extremes, UV stability, and low volumeshrinkage, ensuring long-term stability and perform-ance for automotive displays.

WAMMES & PARTNERGundersheim, Germany+49-(0)-6244/9197-100; www.wammes.euBooth 609

Display Consulting

Wammes & Partner – a long-term Deutsches Flachbildschirm Forum or German Flat-PanelForum (DFF) member – provides display network-ing and best-practice advice for display customers.

WESTAR DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIESSaint Charles, MO, USA+1-636-300-5115; www.westardisplaytechnologies.comBooth 1245

Mobile Display Test System

Westar Display Technologies is demonstrating theQuickTest II+ automated test system – an upgradeto the company’s industry-standard QuickTest IIsystem. The QuickTest II+ characterizes mobile displays up to 9 inches and includes: a camera,spectrometer, and Westar TRD-100A to providemeasurements of uniformity, color, contrast, lumi-nance, cross talk, response time, flicker, and more.The system includes the Westar T-Drive SD-100video test pattern generator and a computer with thecompany’s QuickTest software, which allows theuser to easily create custom test scripts. QuickTestII+ can be extended with several options, includingreflection measurement, custom display fixtures,and more.

WISECHIPChu-Nan, Taiwan+886-37-587186; www.wisechip.com.twBooth 212

4.1-in. Transparent OLED Display

WiseChip has introduced a see-through OLED dis-play for HUD applications. Specifications include:180° viewing angle without color distortion; wideoperating temperature range (-40°C ~+ 105°C);ultra-high luminance of 1,500 candelas per squaremeter (cd/m2) that provides a clear and bright imageto drivers; and fast response time ( 10μs). OLEDtechnology enables safe and easy viewing, withclear visibility in sunlight and at night. It will beused more and more in future head-up displays forvehicles, as well as in dashboard displays, internallighting, and other applications.

XAAR PLCHuntingdon, UK+44-(0)-1480-273575; www.xaar.comBooth 309

Piezoelectric Printheads

The Xaar 1003 AMx is the latest addition to theXaar range of market-leading piezoelectric drop-on-demand advanced manufacturing printheads, giving high resistance to functional fluids while still deliv-ering exceptional drop accuracy and placement.Specialized internal and external coatings prevent corrosive and reactive functional fluids from ingres-sing and possibly damaging the printhead. This increases uptime and decreases maintenance frequency for longer printhead life. The printhead is capable of consistently jetting droplets as small as 6 picoliters to produce fine features, patterns, and coatings. Thesefeatures enable the industrialization of advancedmanufacturing processes in sectors such as displays,PCBs, semiconductors, and photovoltaics.


J O I N S I DWe invite you to join SID to participate in shaping the future development of:• Display technologies and display-relatedproducts

• Materials and components for displays anddisplay applications



In every specialty you will find SID members as leading contributors to theirprofession.


ID ProductsOnDisplay 2017 REVISED p38-52_Layout 1 4/25/2017 7:34 AM Page 51

http://www.wammes.eu

http://www.westardisplaytechnologies.com

http://www.wisechip.com.tw

http://www.xaar.com


YUASA SYSTEM CO.Tokyo, Japan+81-3-3578-8515; www.yuasa-system.jpBooth 1434

Test Systems for Flexible Electronics

Yuasa System Co. is introducing its latest tension-free endurance test systems for flexible electronicsduring Display Week. Based upon establishedglobal testing standards, the Yuasa tension-free system is designed to increase reliability and effi-ciencies for all companies involved in the researchand manufacturing of display devices (smartphones,TVs, wearables, etc.) The 2017 updated version features interchangeable cartridges designed forease of use and seamless operation betweenendurance rigs and microscopes. Additionally, newoptional packages include both manual and remoteoperation by PC and ability to externally save andoutput all test data.

ZHEJIANG SENSING OPTRONICS CO.,LTD.Deqing, Zhejiang, China+86-571-89987340; www.sensingm.comBooth 210

Retina Imaging Luminance Meter

The VDM-200 Retina Imaging Luminance Meterspecializes in the measurement and analysis of opti-

cal performance, geometric parameters, and imagequality of virtual image displays. The device simulates the eye pupil by using a 5-mm diameterof aperture located at the front focal point of theimaging lens in the luminance meter. This guaran-tees the entrance pupil is matched with the aug-mented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) exit pupil,and constant field of vision (FOV) at any image distance in V-H angular coordinates. The photo-detection combines the spectral radiance meter andan imaging photometer with high angular resolutionso that additional measurements of pixel defects andangular resolution are possible. n

With all the new and developing technologyfields in our symposium, including vehiculardisplays, the number of submitted manuscriptshas increased approximately 15% over lastyear. Therefore, the symposium will havemany high-quality, exciting, and ground-breaking presentations. In the exhibit hall at Display Week, compa-

nies will showcase both prototypes and market-ready products, including wallpaper-type OLED TVs, high dynamic range (HDR)TVs, and flexible displays and related materi-als. The Innovation Zone, or I-Zone, made itsfirst appearance on the exhibit floor in 2012,and more emerging prototypes will be shownin this sixth year of the I-Zone. These andmany other significant developments will beon display at the show, making Display Week2017 a fun place to discover new display technologies.

Changes, Challenges, and OpportunitiesEven with our continuing efforts to remain arelevant and leading society for the informa-tion display field, SID is facing tough chal-lenges ahead during a time of major shifts inpanel manufacturing to China and the emer-gence of OLEDs over TFT-LCD technologies.These changes will cause hardships for someof our individual and corporate members, but provide opportunities to grow for othersectors. SID is going to meet these challengesand continue to prosper during a time ofglobal change. The world of information

display is an exciting one in which to developand do business, and we’ll continue to meetand bring inspired people together in forumslike Display Week, to ensure that SID remainsat the cutting edge of technology.Before I close, I’d like to recognize Past

President Amal Ghosh for his extraordinaryefforts to secure the Los Angeles ConventionCenter for this year’s gathering after our priorarrangements fell through at the end of lastyear. This type of mishap has never happenedin SID’s 53-year history and Amal, presidentat that time, had to scramble to find an alter-native venue as time was running out. SID isindebted to Amal for his hard work in findingand negotiating with the LACC in such asmall window of opportunity. I’d also like to thank each of you for attend-

ing our Display Week 2017 Technical Sympo-sium and Exhibition, and for bringing yourexpertise to our gathering. Your individualvision, knowledge, and experience help uspave the way for the future of the Society forInformation Display. You, our members, aretruly our greatest asset today and tomorrow,and we could not accomplish what we dowithout your support and participation.Throughout this conference, I ask you to stayengaged, keep us proactive, and help shapethe future of SID. My personal respect andthanks go out to all of you. n

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continued from page 4

president’s corner

Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and newproduct announcements to:Jenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine411 Lafayette Street, Suite 201New York, NY 10003Fax: 212.460.5460e-mail: [email protected]

For daily display industry news, visit

www.informationdisplay.org


http://www.yuasa-system.jp

http://www.sensingm.com



with a DSC decoder in the DisplayPortreceiver directly inside a USB Type-C monitor, as shown in Fig. 9. The DSC decodercould also be incorporated inside a USB hubthat would feed a standard DisplayPort moni-tor in uncompressed mode. In both scenarios,the data bandwidth saved through DSC compression can be used for other external resources such as storage and networking units.Compared to DisplayPort 1.3, the Display-

Port 1.4 standard takes advantage of VESADSC v1.2 to increase the DisplayPort datatransfer capacity without changing the linkspeed. With DSC’s video bandwidth reduc-tion, DisplayPort 1.4 enables the transport ofmultiple ultra-high-definition video streams(using the multi-stream transport [MST]mode) across the single DisplayPort interface. As resolutions of external displays move

beyond 4K, DSC compression offers a solu-tion for developing ultra-high-resolutionexternal displays for use with the existingUSB Type-C interface.In conclusion, the VESA DSC algorithm

offers a number of key benefits, includingvisually lossless compression quality with alltypes of content, bandwidth reductions of upto 3X, and ultra-low latency. Using DSC compression offers designers a scalable solution to meet the demands of current andfuture display products.

References1VESA Display Stream Compression by Frederick Walls and Sandy MacInnis, 2014www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/VESA_DSC-ETP200.pdf2VESA website www.vesa.org/faqs/#DSCFAQs3www.anandtech.com/show/11003/hdmi-21-announced-8kp60-48gbps-cable4www.vesa.org/featured-articles/vesa-updates-display-stream-compression-standard-to-support-new-applications-and-richer-display-content/ n



Fig. 9: DSC compression can be used with a DisplayPort transmitter inside a GPU, and com-bined with a DSC decoder in the DisplayPort receiver directly inside a USB Type-C monitor.

(continued from page 28)

Display Week 2018May 20–25, 2018

Los Angeles Convention CenterLos Angeles, California, USA

SAVE THE DATE

UDC to Invest in PPGManufacturing Facility PPG and Universal Display Corporation haveannounced that Universal Display will invest$15 million in PPG’s Barberton, Ohio, manu-facturing facility to double commercial pro-duction capacity for Universal Display’sproprietary UniversalPHOLED phosphores-cent emitter products. The expansion project,which will add more than 20 positions at thefacility, is scheduled to be completed in thethird quarter of 2017.PPG and Universal Display opened an

OLED materials production facility at PPG’sBarberton plant in 2013. The site is ownedand operated by PPG.

LG Shows High-concept OLEDLightingLG Display recently demonstrated some of its latest flexible OLED light panels at theEuroluce 2017 show in Milan, Italy. Amongthe most eye-catching of these products werecollaborations with leading industrial designerRoss Lovegrove, who used the OLED paneltechnology to create lighting inspired bymarine life (Fig. 2). Lovegrove also designed the lighting with

scalability in mind, saying, “I make a module,which is very economical, but then you multi-ply that and you can make huge installations.”LG Display is seeking to highlight the flexi-bility of its OLED light panels for the high-end residential and premium hospitalitymarkets.


industry news

Fig. 2: “Medusa” (left) and “Pyrosome”(right) are OLED lighting artworks by RossLovegrove using OLED light panels from LG Display. The artworks were shown atEuroluce 2017 in Milan, Italy. Photos: LGDisplay


http://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/VESA_DSC-ETP200.pdf

http://www.vesa.org/faqs/#DSCFAQs

http://www.anandtech.com/show/11003/hdmi-21-announced-8kp60-48gbps-cable

http://www.vesa.org/featured-articles/vesa-updates-display-stream-compression-standard-to-support-new-applications-and-richer-display-content/

SID LA Chapter One-DayConference HighlightsApplicationsThe Los Angeles chapter’s annual eventfeatured presentations on quantum dots,high dynamic range, human vision, head-up displays for cars, direct-view LEDs,light-shaping technology, and smartwindows.

By Ken Werner

Last February, the SID Los Angeles Chapter held its 14th annual themed

one-day conference, titled “Display Technolo-gies and Applications.” As Program Co-ChairMichael Moyer said, “The conference’s title ...was chosen to suggest that visual applicationsand sub-systems will succeed to the extentthat their displays contribute to an effectivehuman-machine interface.”

Moyer, who is group lead for advancedcockpit displays for the Electro-Optics SystemDivision of the Physical Optics Corporation in Torrance, CA, continued, “But thinking ofall display technologies as commodities andassuming a particular off-the-shelf displaycannot be improved at low cost is a self-defeating strategy. The human visual system is not totally understood, and there are un-explored display opportunities in the com-plexities of the human visual experience.”

Leading Off with Quantum DotsThe conference opened with a welcome fromSID LA Chapter Chair Larry Iboshi of IboshiConsulting in Fullerton, CA, and introductorycomments from the author, Ken Werner ofNutmeg Consultants in Norwalk, CT.

The first speaker for the technical programwas Jennifer Colegrove, CEO and principalanalyst for Touch Display Research in SantaClara, CA. She led off with an overview ofthe OLED vs. quantum dot (QD) marketthrough 2027. Colegrove predicts that roughly25 million QD-enhanced LCD TV sets will besold in 2017 compared to about 2 millionOLED TV sets. These numbers will grow toroughly 210 million for QD-based LCD-basedTVs and 40 million for OLED in 2027, Cole-grove said. Even in 2021, OLED TV’s overallmarket share remains under 6%.

Colegrove noted that there are 97 QD materials suppliers, component suppliers, andadopters in 2017. Forty-three of these are inthe US; 14 in China; 8 each in Germany andKorea; 7 each in Japan and Taiwan; and 10 in“other regions.”

I will editorialize here and note that project-ing market percentages 10 years out requiresmore self-confidence than even I possess. But Touch Display’s five-year numbers are in substantial agreement with other sources,and the inevitable conclusion is that OLEDTV is going to play primarily in the very-large-screen, super-premium segment for along time to come. Unless, that is, solutionprocessing becomes viable more quickly thanmost of us anticipate.

HDR Present and FutureNext, Gerard Catapano, director of quality assurance for Samsung QA Lab in Pine Brook, NJ, presented “HDR, Today into Tomorrow.”Catapano introduced high dynamic range(HDR) as “the latest and most innovativetechnology that helps film studios deliver abetter expression of details in shadows andhighlights to the consumer,” and he quoted the Consumer Technology Association’s definition of an HDR-compatible display asone that has these minimum attributes:

• Includes at least one interface that supports HDR signaling as defined in the Consumer Electronics Association’sCEA-861-F, as extended by CEA-861.3.

• Receives and processes static HDR metadata compliant with CEA-861.3 for uncompressed video.

• Receives and processes HDR10 Media Profile from internet protocol (IP), high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI),or other video delivery sources. Addition-ally, other media profiles may be sup-ported.

• Applies an appropriate electro-opticaltransfer function (EOTF) before render-ing the image.

The HDR standard has been endorsed by avariety of organizations, include the Blu-rayDisc Association, the Moving Picture ExpertsGroup (MPEG), the Ultra High-Definition(UHD) Alliance, and the United Nations’International Telegraph Union (ITU).Although HDR is currently a premium feature, Catapano asserted that in the future it will be a basic feature of TVs across allscreen sizes and display technologies.

Samsung TV sets are supporting only oneHDR media profile, HDR10, because it is anopen standard that does not require licensingfees, and also permits customization within the profile. Since use of at least HDR10 isrequired by the CTA definition of an HDR-compatible display, it will be supported by all major manufacturers. Although Catapanodidn’t say so, some of Samsung’s competitorsalso include Dolby Vision, and in its new“Wallpaper” OLED TV, LG includes hybridlog-gamma (HLG) HDR for a total of threeHDR profiles.

Catapano noted that at NAB in 2016, themajor encoder manufacturers were offering4K HDR as an option, and that the major mas-tering and editing tool sets were implementingit. He also noted that although the CTA defini-tion only requires the support of static HDRmetadata (metadata that is constant through-out the entire film or video), even moreimpressive results are possible with dynamicHDR metadata (which changes scene byscene).

Society of Motion Pictures and TelevisionEngineers (SMPTE) ST.2094-40 providesdynamic metadata for tone mapping. Tonemapping is a key technology in HDR TVs,Catapano said. It is a color-volume transformthat renders incoming HDR contents for a dis-play with a dynamic range that is smaller thanthe contents were coded for. With static meta-data, either every scene must have its colorvolume compressed so that the scenes withthe greatest color volume can be fit into thecolor volume for which the display is capable,or the most demanding scenes can be insuffi-ciently compressed. With dynamic metadata,each scene can be optimally compressed,which in some cases will mean no color-volume compression at all. Catapano observedthat Samsung’s 2017 HDR TVs “are ready forST.2094-40.” In the Q&A, Catapano said thatHDR works best with movie mode, which herecommends for general viewing, at least withSamsung TVs.

The Human Visual SystemIn “Human Vision and Displays,” KarlheinzBlankenbach, a professor at Pforzheim University in Germany, outlined the charac-teristics of displays and the human visual system, discussing both the challenges ofmaking them work together and the opportu-nities for exploiting the visual system’s char-acteristics to improve the subjective


NEWSSOCIETY FORINFORMATION

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performance of displays (Fig. 1). He notedthat between the image source and the displayare 1) a signal processor that performs decom-pression, scaling, de-interlacing, frame rateconversion, and similar functions; and 2) anEOTF (see previous section) that performsdimming and interfaces with the panel hard-ware and software, etc.

The first of two major challenges is toallow the viewer to read a display in an arbi-trary environment (think driving into the sunand looking down to read your center-stackdisplay), given the eye’s adaptation to brightluminance levels. The second is to representscenes with very high dynamic range on thedisplay. For this we need “more and betterpixels,” says Blankenbach. A better pixel isone that produces greater luminance, moregray-scale resolution, more gamut, and higherframe rate.

Among many of the observations in thisextensive presentation was that the standardmethod of determining visual acuity, theSnellen test, which is what your ophthalmolo-gist uses to prescribe eyeglasses, is only partof the story. The human visual system’s sensi-tivity to Vernier acuity (whether line segmentsline up or not) is 10 times that of Snellen. This is rather well known and is what leads toannoying aliasing on displays that would notshow if Snellen were all that mattered. Whatwas new to me is that our color-fusion resolu-tion is 10 times greater than our Vernier reso-lution, which is why we see color fringes onlines or letters on pixelated displays when wedon’t see aliasing.

HUDs for CarsGaia Dempsey, co-founder and vice presidentof DAQRI Laboratories in Los Angeles, CA,discussed her company’s approach to automo-tive head-up displays (HUDs) (Fig. 2).

The automotive industry is enthusiastic –very enthusiastic – about presenting bothinstrument-cluster data and augmented reality(AR) information to drivers via HUDs. Infact, once HUDs become good enough, theremay be no need for a conventional instrumentcluster at all. That’s an intriguing idea forengineers who have had to stuff more andmore electronics behind the dash as time goeson.

The demanding requirements for a high-performance HUD include large field of view,high resolution, large contrast ratio, and highluminance range. (If the HUD is going to be

the primary, or only, instrumentation display,it must be visible against a very bright back-ground: sunlit snow, for instance.) To thesefrequently stated requirements, Dempseyadded multiple image planes.

DAQRI calls its approach “SoftwareDefined Light,” by which the company meansthe image is created by phase-only hologra-phy. The audience was understandably curious

about how DAQRI’s dynamic spatial lightmodulator (SLM) was implemented, but there weren’t many details about it in thispresentation. Presumably, there is such anSLM because Dempsey showed a photo of the “first-ever solid-state automotive HUD,”which uses the technology. She said the HUD“has passed all automotive certifications.” Theoutstanding questions may be answered atSID’s Display Week, where DAQRI willdemonstrate its technology.

Direct-View LEDsThe presentation by Grant Wylie, senior prod-uct marketing manager for NEC Display Solu-tions, was entitled “Direct View LED: HowWe Got Here, What’s Available Now andWhat’s to Come.” Wylie started with somehistory, commenting that the first large-for-mat, digital-signage displays were ticker-likedevices based on incandescent bulbs. Heshowed a version of the accompanying photograph, which was taken on June 6, 1944 (Fig. 3).

NEC Display Solutions’ goal, said Wylie,“is to show full-color video to our audience,no matter how close or far they are from thedisplay.” Clearly, incandescent bulbs did notturn out to be the technology of choice forvideo walls, but subsequent technologies havealso not been ideal.

Front projection, said Wylie, lacks bright-ness and contrast, doesn’t function well inbright ambient environments, and must be setup so there are no obstructions in the projec-tion path. Rear projection has its own prob-lems: limited brightness, difficult colorcalibration, a deep display module, and linesbetween individual displays.

Cathode-ray tube (CRT) solutions (Sony’sJumbotron and Mitsubishi’s Diamond Vision)were thick, bulky, and heavy; power hungry;low resolution; and expensive. For a time theywere the only viable full-color solution brightenough for outdoor displays, but the worldwas waiting for a better video-wall mousetrap.

That better mousetrap was the LED display,but it didn’t come all at once. At first, only redLEDs had sufficient luminous efficiency, andgreen was really yellow-green. Blue didn’texist yet. But a lot of monochrome LED dis-plays were deployed. Now, red, green, andblue (RGB) LEDs have arrived, and full-colorvideo walls are proliferating.

There are, Wylie said, three main differen-tiators between indoor and outdoor LED


Fig: 1: Karlheinz Blankenbach, who spokeabout human vision and displays, listens toone of the other presentations at the LA conference. Photo: Ken Werner

Fig. 2: Gaia Dempsey, DAQRI Labs VP,talked about her company’s holographic technology for HUDs. Photo: Ken Werner


signs. First, the luminance of indoor LEDs istypically limited to 800 to 2,000 candelas persquare meter (cd/m2), while outdoor LEDsrange from 2,000 to 6,500 cd/m2. Next, indoorLEDs have ingress protection (IP) ratings ofIP30/31, which means they can’t get wet. Outdoor LEDs have ratings of IP56 or better.And third, indoor LEDs have a temperaturerange of 32° to 104°F, while outdoor unitsare –4° to +122°F, and are also designed towithstand solar heat gain.

Minimum LED pixel pitch has decreasedremarkably over the past few years, to thepoint where most makers have modules with2.3-mm or 1.9-mm pixel pitches, and evenfiner pitches have been shown. But less maynot always necessarily be better.

Wylie said a “retina display” – one in whichthe eye cannot resolve the individual pixels –requires that pixel spacing does not exceed 1 mm of pixel spacing for each 2.5 meters ofviewing distance, and this is called the “opti-mum pixel spacing.” But 75 to 80% of thesubstantial cost of an LED display is in theLEDs themselves, which has stimulated mak-

ers of LED displays and their customers tothink carefully about the cost/image-qualitytrade-off. They have come to a generallyshared conclusion that a 1-mm pitch for each 1 meter of viewing distance is acceptablefor most applications. So, for instance, therecommended minimum viewing distance(RMVD) for a display with 6-mm pitch is 20feet and the RMVD for 1.9 mm is 6 feet (Fig. 4).

Wylie had a few predictions for video walls.Printing of OLED displays will bring the costdown for signage as well as television, butinconsistent pigment lifespan, color shift overtime, insufficient brightness for outdoor appli-cations (despite high contrast), and a manu-facturing process not ideal for very largeformats are likely to limit video-wall applica-tions. HDR LED video walls will be attention-grabbing and they will come, but newhardware and high-bandwidth digital contentproduction (HDCP) 2.2 are required first. Onthe positive side, LED displays are emissiveand thus capable of extremely high contrast.

Chip on board (COB) refers to LEDs beingapplied directly to the printed circuit board.Eliminating the current surface-mount deviceswill allow designers to place sub-pixels closertogether. “Almost all LED display manufac-turers are working on a version of this tech-nology,” said Wylie.

In the Q&A, Wylie had the opportunity toadd:

• RGB LEDs all degrade at the same rate,with most products today specified ashaving a lifetime of 100 K hours to halfluminance.

• The market growth for LED video walls is expected to be exponential through 2020.

• The refresh rate for these walls is roughly3,000 frames per second, varying some-what by model.

Light-shaping TechnologySeth Coe-Sullivan is well known as a co-founder of the quantum-dot company QDVision, although that company’s assets wereacquired last year by Samsung. He is now VPof technology at Luminit LLC – and looks farmore relaxed than when he was CTO at QDVision!


sid news

Fig. 3: D-Day: Early digital displays used incandescent bulbs. NEC’s Grant Wylie showed aphoto of this ticker-type display on the New York Times Building, June 6, 1944. Photo: Howard Hollem or Edward Meyer for the Office of War Information

Fig. 4: NEC’s Grant Wylie presented this chart of recommended minimum viewing distances for LED displays with different pixel pitches. Figure: Grant Wylie, NEC Display Solutions ofAmerica


Although Coe-Sullivan’s presentation wasdevoted to Luminit’s use of holographic tech-nology to fabricate light-shaping diffusers, the organizers had asked him to start off with some comments about quantum dots and QD Vision, and he did.

On the subject of putting quantum dotsdirectly on an LED chip (called dot-on-chip),which is very difficult because existing QDmaterials degrade under high heat and highluminous flux, Coe-Sullivan said, “QD Visionwould have solved the heat/lumens problem in another two years, I firmly believe.”

On what true QLED should be called nowthat Samsung is using the name “QLED” forits new quantum-dot TVs, “since the QLEDterm has been co-opted: ‘electroluminescentQD,’ ” he said. Coe-Sullivan went on to say that he believes Samsung’s acquisition ofQD Vision was driven primarily by its needfor an alternative to LG’s OLED.

Then Coe-Sullivan made the transition tohis presentation on Luminit, a privately held,11-year-old, 75-person company with head-quarters and manufacturing in Torrance, CA.The company’s first application of holographyto lighting and displays was light-shaping dif-fusers (LSDs), which used holographicrecording to create a pseudo-random patternthat mimicked the function of a diffuser withsurface relief. Since LSDs have no particles,there is no wavelength dependence and noloss from scattering sites. In addition the diffusing effect can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical – even highly asymmetrical. One of the company’s LSDs produces a pat-tern that is 60 degrees by 1 degree. Coe-Sullivan said that Luminit has 50% of themarket for light shaping in automotive HUDs.

The augmented-reality (AR) industry wouldbenefit from holographic optical elements(HOEs), Coe-Sullivan said, but worldwidemass-production capacity is negligible today.Luminit is making plastic laser imagers usingholography to fabricate the master, andbelieves it can leverage this technology forvolume production. They expect to be makingthousands of units per month by the time youread this. These HOEs have a transmittance ofmore than 90% and are approximately 25µmthick (plus the substrate).

“Volumetric HOE may have finally foundits killer app – augmented reality,” Coe-Sullivan concluded. (For more about Coe-Sullivan’s work at Luminit, see this issue’sBusiness of Displays Q&A, which features an interview with him.)

Smart WindowsAs program co-chair, I introduced the confer-ence’s final speaker this way: “Robert Millerhas an impossibly long title: senior businessmanager for liquid crystals and advancedtechnologies for EMD Performance Materials,the North American specialty chemicals affili-ate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. I just call him Merck’s display man in America.”

Miller’s presentation was not about displays, but his title was descriptive: “The licrivisionLiquid Crystal Window Technology.” Smartwindows for interior applications are not new,but Merck’s licrivision technology is intendedfor exterior windows, particularly the kindthat sheathe modern high-rise buildings.Merck has taken substantial time and effort todevelop a material that can survive heat, cold,and ultraviolet light, while still performing itsrequired function for many years. Merck’ssolution is a guest-host liquid-crystal display

(GH-LCD) in which all components havebeen individually screened for performanceand lifetime. In addition, each combinationneeds to be tested to ensure reliable operation,Miller said.

An architectural liquid-crystal window(LCW) must perform a variety of functions.The obvious one is switch from clear toopaque, but in its transparent state it mustadmit visible light, block other solar energy,and reflect interior heat back into the room. In addition to architectural applications,Merck hopes to replace existing polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC) products suchas automobile sunroofs.

Field tests suggest that LCWs can produce40% savings in energy for summer cooling,depending on floor area, window area, andextent of insulation.

Merck is making its own pilot facility tosupply architects and builders with samplewindows, but the company’s goal is to sell itsGH-LCD material. The company is in activecommunication now with architects and glassmakers, and several field installations –including the new Merck KGaA/EMD Inno-vation Center in Darmstadt -- have demon-strated the impact of the technology, Millersaid (Fig. 5).

Tabletop exhibits accompanied the techni-cal program. The exhibitors were ColorimetryResearch, Crystalplex, Gamma Scientific,Luminit, NPB Technology, RealD Me, TFDInc., Touch International, Westboro Photonics,and Z Microsystems. Most of the exhibitswere well attended during the breaks, andthose exhibitors were happy. The speakersseemed very happy with the number of atten-dees and the lively Q&A sessions.

The 14th annual one-day conference washeld February 3, 2017, at the Costa MesaCountry Club in Costa Mesa, CA. Plans arealready under way for the 15th one-day conference in 2018. n

Ken Werner is Principal of Nutmeg Consult-ants, specializing in the display industry, manufacturing, technology, and applications,including mobile devices and television. Heconsults for attorneys, investment analysts,and companies re-positioning themselveswithin the display industry or using displaysin their products. He is the 2017 recipient ofthe Society for Information Display’s Lewisand Beatrice Winner Award. You can reachhim at [email protected].


Fig. 5: The facade of the Merck KGaA/EMD Innovation Center in Darmstadt, Germany, usesswitchable licrivision smart windows. Photo: Merck KGaA



The issue of ID you are reading now can beuseful for your planning because it featuresour Products on Display coverage, which isassembled each year by our staff to help youget the most out of the exhibition. Also, whilegood planning is essential, don’t forgo theopportunity to just wander around the exhibitsor pop in on that presentation you might nototherwise consider. Each year I find many surprises and new ideas that I can only discover if I explore as much as possible. It’s a wonder-ful mix of the expected and unexpected thatawaits you. I’ve never left Display Weekwithout at least a handful of amazing newnuggets that have since proven invaluable inmy day-to-day work.Maybe you are a seasoned SID member

returning after many previous years, or maybeyou are brand new to the display industryscene and this is your first event. If so, you arenot alone. Many people discover SID throughDisplay Week when they automaticallybecome new members by registering for theevent. Then, later on, they realize that theSociety for Information Display is about muchmore than just one great event per year. Infact, SID offers a calendar abounding withexciting international display-industry events,some focused on a particular technology orfield of research and others almost as broad as the Symposium itself. For example, through the rest of this year

you can experience many other world-classevents, such as IMID: The International Meeting on Information Display, in Korea; theIDMC: International Display ManufacturingConference, Taiwan; and EuroDisplay, in Belgium. These are all outstanding events andgive you an excuse to see great parts of theworld as well. However, some of the most important

Society activities are those that take place reg-ularly on a local and regional level at each ofSID’s 30-plus chapters worldwide. It is hardto find any industrialized part of the worldthat does not have some chapter activitiesgoing on. And if all that is not enough, SID’spublications, online resources, and networkmake the organization a truly indispensabletool to a successful display-industry career.Even if you attend only one additional SIDevent or take even partial advantage of yourlocal-chapter activities and the onlineresources, you get the value of your member-ship back many times over. So, if you are newto SID, I hope you find it a truly enriching

experience, and do not forget about yourmembership after Display Week 2017 is over.

DIAs and Vehicle DisplaysWe have a full issue for you, and we beginwith our cover story on the six great productsrecognized by SID for the 2017 DisplayIndustry Awards. Each of these products hasadvanced the state of the art of display tech-nology in one of the categories of Display ofthe Year, Display Component of the Year, orDisplay Application of the Year. This year,OLED panels, virtual reality, projection, andquantum dots were the story, and each productmade fundamental strides in its technical area.You can read all the details in our cover storycompiled by Jenny Donelan.Our technical focus for this issue is auto-

motive displays, and our great lineup wasdeveloped with help from our guest editor, Dr. Karlheinz Blankenbach from PforzheimUniversity in Germany. Karlheinz is also co-author on our first article, revealing a newarchitecture for controlling high numbers ofLEDs for automotive lighting applications. In their Frontline Technology story, titled“Automotive Interior Lighting Evolves with LEDs,” authors Robert Isele, Roland Neumann, and Blankenbach discuss the well-knownchallenges of getting large arrays of LEDs toall produce the same luminance and colorwithout excessive electronic and wiring com-plexity. Their solution involves a distributeddriver topology with a 2-wire control inter-face. With this new approach, they can controlas many as 4,096 RGB LEDs with one con-troller and create all kinds of coordinated and uniform lighting effects inside the vehicle. This has the potential to greatlyreduce wiring complexity and bring newbeauty to the vehicle interior. Our next article comes from Simon Jones at

FlexEnable, and describes the challenges andopportunities for populating displays aroundthe vehicle interior, especially in clever posi-tions such as the A pillar, in ways intended toeliminate blind spots and replace outside mir-rors. However, doing this requires uniqueform factors and displays that can conform tocomplex surface shapes. This forecast of theneed for conformable displays has been acommon observation for many years; in fact, I can remember this very concept being pro-moted in the earliest days of flexible OLEDdevelopment. However, the big differencenow is that it really is achievable, and as

Simon explains in his Frontline Technologyarticle, “Plastic Displays Will Play a MajorRole in Automotive HMIs,” a number of inno-vative steps have been demonstrated to achieve conformable displays with LCDsusing organic TFTs to produce a system hiscompany calls the organic LCD (OLCD). Yes,you read that right – not OLED, but OLCD,and it can be done by re-purposing existing a-Si LCD lines. The potential opportunity isquite exciting, as you will see in his article.

Display Stream CompressionFrom the very first time engineers put multiple pixels together in an array, we’vestruggled to find innovative ways to addressthose pixels and manage the flow of videoinformation to them. We’ve gone from lots of individual wires to parallel addressablematrices, to serialized data streams, and nowto compressed data streams such as the mostrecent new VESA display stream compression(DSC) standard. As video rates continue toincrease (such as QHD, UHD, 5K – 8K), agap is rapidly emerging between the fastestphysical layers of serialized video transportinterfaces (HDMI, for example) and therequired data rates. Without compression, thisnecessitates more parallel lanes, which addscost and complexity to everything from homeentertainment systems to smartphones. Oneway to address this is to incorporate a real-time compression-decompression layer beforethe physical layer. To explain how this works,authors Alain Legault and Emma-Jane Crozierexplain the details of the problem and theadvantages of this solution in their MakingDisplays Work for You article, “Create HigherResolution Displays with the VESA DSCStandard.” I confess that whenever I hear about com-

pression methods, I immediately think aboutloss of resolution and/or the introduction ofartifacts. I’ve opined often about the heavilycompressed MPEG4 streams coming in on my satellite feed, but the authors of this articleexplain how this DSC standard is a very different type of compression that is based ondelta pulse code modulation (DPCM) andworks on a single line of video data at a time.This approach does not significantly alter thespatial frequency content of the stream. Intheir article, the authors describe the extensiveamount of user observation testing, compris-ing almost 250,000 subjective image compar-isons to establish this as a visually lossless



editorial


approach. I can’t say if it is truly impercepti-ble because I have not seen it, but I believethe reported results, and I’m very excitedabout the prospect of bringing even higherresolution to all kinds of video interfaces fornumerous applications, including handhelddevices, VR headsets, monitors, and ofcourse, automotive applications.Ken Werner is a longtime loyal contributor

to Information Display, and most recently, arecipient of SID’s prestigious Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award. He’s also a certified“car guy,” as I can attest to after having hadmany a car talk with him over the years. Sinceautomotive displays have become a vibrantarea of development lately, we thought itwould be exciting to get Ken’s take on thetopic. He agreed and wrote this month’s Display Marketplace feature, “AutomotiveTrends Drive Vehicular Displays.” There is noshortage of innovative ideas to enhance thecockpit experience, and finally there are dis-plays capable of meeting those needs. Kenwalks us through a number of key focus areas,including head-up displays (HUDs), advanceddriver assist systems (ADAS), the connectedcar, autonomous vehicles, and so much more.Don’t know what all of these things mean?That’s okay. Read the article and you will.Afterward, I suspect you might be re-thinkingyour next car purchase!I hope you enjoy this issue and your stay in

LA. Don’t forget to check our website and theblogs each day, and if you see me around,please say hi and let me know what you likeabout Display Week this year. We produce thispublication to serve our membership and theirinterests, and we can do so only because ofthe generosity of the many wonderful com-panies that support SID through sponsorshipsand exhibitions. Please support them in anyway you can. n


VISITINFORMATION

DISPLAY ON-LINEwww.informationdisplay.org

Information Display welcomescontributions that containunique technical, manufactur-ing, or market research contentthat will interest and/or assistour readers – individuals

involved in the business or research of displays.

Please contact Jenny Donelan, Editor in Chief, at [email protected] with questions or proposals.

Turn to page 35 for a list of2017 editorial themes, withapproximate dates for submitting article proposals.

InformationDISPLAY

SIDSOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY

Official Publication of the Society for Information Display • www.informationdisplay.org

DISPLAY WEEK 2017 PREVIEW AND DISPLAY MATERIALS

Official Publication of the Society for Information Display • www.informationdisplay.org March/April 2017Vol. 33, No. 2

Submit Your News ReleasesPlease send all press releases and new product announcements to:

Jenny DonelanInformation Display Magazine

411 Lafayette Street, Suite 201, New York, NY 10003Fax: 212.460.5460 e-mail: [email protected]







Abrisa TechnologiesApple, Inc.Applied Materials, Inc.AU Optronics Corp.ChromaATECLEARinkCoretronicDisplay LinkDontechE Ink HoldingsEarth LCDeMagin Corp.Europtec USA, Inc.EVERFINE CorporationFocalTech SystemsFUJIFILM Dimatix, Inc.Industrial TechnologyResearch Institute

I-PEXJapan Display, Inc.Japan Patent OfficeJiangsu Sunera Technology Co., Ltd.

Kornerstone MaterialsTechnology Co., Ltd.

KyuluxLXD Research & Display,LLC

MegaChips Corp.Mitsui ChemicalsNANOSYSNvidiaOculus Rolic TechnologiesSharp Corp.SpectraTek

TDMDATFD, Inc. TLC International UICOUS Micro ProductsVigor Gas PurificationTechnologies Co., Ltd.

VisionoxWaveOpticsWestar Display Technologies, Inc.

Yazaki Europe LimitedYUASA SYSTEM Co.,Ltd.

Admesy .......................................7Eldim .......................................C3General Atomics .......................17GuanMat ..................................31Instrument Systems.....................3

Konica Minolta .........................17Radiant Vision Systems ............C2Emerging Display Technologies.........................C4

TFD............................................5


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