OGC ® OGC TC meeting Mar. 2014 i-locate ® Ideas for Urban Planning DWG 93rd OGC Technical...

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• OGC TC meeting • Mar. 2014 • i-locate®

Ideas for Urban Planning DWG

93rd OGC Technical CommitteeTokyo, Japan

Giuseppe Conti – TrilogisPietro Elisei, Wendy Laura Cînța – Urbasofia

Presented by Martin Ford3 December 2014

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Sponsored by

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Urban plans ?!? But…exactly which one?

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Urban planning

• No standard focus on modelling the planning laws.

Image courtesy of: Stephens Planning & Design

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Different planning levels

• Different planning levels– Strategic plan .. – strategic plans, – comprehensive plans, – neighborhood plans, – regulatory and incentive

strategies, – historic preservation plans

- Cadastre Plans- Integrated Territorial / Urban Development Plans- Land Use Plans [ +/- dedicated Regulations / Regulatory Plans ]- Mobility Plans- Detail / Zonal / [ General Urban ] Masterplans- Metropolitan [ Development ] Plans- Functional Urban Areas (FUA) / Morphological Urban Areas (MUA) ..- Environmental [ Action ] Plans [ + Regulations / Impact Assessments ] - Ecological Restoration / Former Industrial Reconversion Plans / National Afforestation Plans - …- Binding Directives / National Laws / Local

Regulations / Governmental Ordinances - …- Spatial Data for Integrated Assessment of Urban Areas .. / Territorial-/Digital Agendas / …- …

Horizontal / Sectorial Overlappings

HARMONISATION ??

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- Cadastre Plans- Integrated Territorial / Urban Development Plans- Land Use Plans [ +/- dedicated Regulations / Regulatory Plans ]- Mobility Plans- Detail / Zonal / [ General Urban ] Masterplans- Metropolitan [ Development ] Plans- Functional Urban Areas (FUA) / Morphological Urban Areas (MUA) ..- Environmental [ Action ] Plans [ + Regulations / Impact Assessments ] - Ecological Restoration / Former Industrial Reconversion Plans / National Afforestation Plans - … Binding Directives / National Laws / Local Regulations / Governmental Ordinances …- Spatial Data for Integrated Assessment of Urban Areas .. / Territorial-/Digital Agendas / …- …

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Inconsistent nomenclature

• Need for standardised nomenclature• Different cultural

background = different names

• Result = no standard nomenclature

Semantics – horizontal (international) ‘translations’Taxonomy – vertical (hierarchical term affiliation)

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Requirement

• Standardised dictionary similar to Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS)

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similitude to transnational compliance with the EU INSPIRE Directive ...

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Step 1: shared mindmap of planning instruments

capitalizing upon IMPP: INTERNATIONAL MANUAL OF PLANNING PRACTICE 2015Reference powered by ISOCARP – The International Society of City and Regional Planners

e.g. IMPP 2015 DK http://vbn.aau.dk/files/196368902/Galland_et_al_Denmark_IMPP_2015.pdf

http://vbn.aau.dk/files/196368902/Galland_et_al_Denmark_IMPP_2015.pdf

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Is this solely a mock mindmap example ?

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Territorial Planning – Planning Framework in Romania

“The value of planning strategies in Romania in the light of the new 2014-2020 instruments”, Simona Munteanu, PhD Arhitect-Urban Planner, Florentina Iugan, Architect-Urban Planner, ROMANIAN

REGISTER OF URBAN PLANNERS (RUR)

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Including in Documentati

on the Agreed

Proposals

Issuing Documenta

tion Outlines

Selecting the Designer / Consultant

The Urban Planning Process in Romania

Applicant(Command

Issuer)

Legal or Natural Persons

Data on Existing Upper Level Planning Documentation

Background Studies

Beneficiary: The Local Government

Notifying the

Citizens

Reference Sources on Similar Documentation

Drawing Up the Documentation

General Urban Plan - Annex Regulations

Zonal Urban Plan - Annex

RegulationsDetailed Urban

Plan

Including in Documentation the

Conditions Stipulated by Permits

Permitting the

Documentation

Approval

Consulting the

Citizens

1

2 3

4

5

6

7

8

9 11

10

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Planning legislation in RomaniaThe main legal document for spatial planning in Romania is the Law of Urban and Territorial Planning no. 350/2001, which states the political aim of the spatial management of the territory: to assure an efficient use of the territory, adequate living conditions, architectural quality, protecting the architectural, urban, cultural identity of urban and rural settlements, adequate working and transportation conditions, protection of natural and built landscapes, conserving biodiversity, public security. Law no. 350/2001 defines the general framework for the planning system in Romania, which focuses on two main activities: territorial planning (seen mostly as an economic regional planning approach – at national, regional and county level) and urban planning (at local level only, seen mostly as an urbanism approach – regulating building characteristics).As far as territorial planning is concerned, its main purpose is to harmonize economic, social, ecological and cultural policies at different territorial levels and to assure an increase of cohesion between different regions in the country. On the other hand, urban planning focuses on establishing the main directions for the spatial development of rural and urban settlements while taking into account their economic, social, cultural and territorial potential. [ IMPP 2015 RO ]

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• Legislative voids• lack of correlation between various dedicated provisions • incomplete operationalization process concerning legal provisions• lack of coherent legislation concerning [ land ] ownership rights

• Insufficient Instruments of intervention• general management of land use categories – instruments

proposed by secondary legislation (National Afforestation Plans, Land Improvement/Reclamation/Rehabilitation Laws, Governmental Ordinances)

• Horizontal / Sectorial Overlappings Sectorial Plans & Policies• Territorial & Urban Development Plans – [ Sectorial-dedicated ]

Regional/Local Action Plans – Regional Development Plans / Integrated Urban Development Plans etc.

The Geographic Environment is the actual framework in which the systematization objectives occur. [ Cucu, 1977 ]

Romania (and not solely) – Particular Issues

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URBA Input Reference: Territorial Planning - Brief Analysis from a general perspective of some EU Planning Systems [ contributor: Matei Cocheci, PhD Stud. Urban Planner ]

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• Common Planning Provisions

• Land Use Management [ inventory / state-of-the-art ] Clarifications

• Identified Intervention Instruments: Operational Planning Instruments (Policies), Financial-/Other Instruments

• Identified Management Instruments: legal correlation between various complementary working fields related to planning (acute need)

Romania (and not solely) – Soft Amendments

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Territorial Planning – Planning Systems

Planning SystemsTerritorial Planning

Objectives

Institutionalized OrganizationMechanisms at hand

Planning System

Variables- Scope of the

System- Public / Private

Sectorial Role - Law System- Maturity of the

System

Traditions- Economic Planning

(regional scale)- Integrated Approach- Land Use

Management- Urbanism

Instruments- National Policies- Strategic- Framework

(Masterplan)- Regulatory

[ after the European Comission, 1997 ]

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Planning System in The United Kingdom – exemplifying on Environmental Policies

Town and Country Planning Act[1992] Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act [2004], Planning Act [2008]

Town and Country PlanningObjectives:- sustainable economic development + better environmental qualityInstruments:- National Planning Policy Framework – national level – climate change, floods and coastal areas, protection &

conservation of natural environments, green belts conservation- Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS)– strategic, 11 regions – sets priorities for environmental protection at

regional level- Local Development Frameworks – strategic, comprising amongst its goals the alltime sustainability- other documents like:

- Local Development Documents (LDD)- Development Plan Documents

- Local Development Schemes – which LDD will be realized over a 3-year time period- Simplified planning zones - regulation

Department for Communities and Local Government

Local Planning Authority

P.P.P.Implementation

Structures

Regional Assemblies ;

Mayor of London

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Loi de l’aménagement et développement du territoire

Aménagement du TerritoireInstrumente:- Schémas de services collectifs – natural &

rural areas- Schéma régional de l’aménagement et

développement durable du territoire (SRADDT)- Directive territoriale d’aménagement et

développement durable du territoire- Contrat de plan état-région – financing

programming- Profil environnemental régional

- Fonds national d'aménagement et de développement du territoire

UrbanismeObjectives:- Natural and Landscaped

Protected+Conserved Areas and Surrounding Environments

Instrumente:- Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale (SCOT) –

natural, agricultural, forestry protected areas; disaster management prevention

- Plan Local d’Urbanisme- Cartes communales – sectors where

constructions are prohibited

CIADT, DATARCoordination at National level

Etablissement publics

SEM, ZACImplementation

Structures

Code de l’urbanisme

Local Public Authorities

Conseil de dévelopem.

Planning System in France – exemplifying on Environmental Policies

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Land Register [Law 18/1991]Interdictions in setting constructions outside the building perimeter of a settlement (ex: cat. I and II soils)

Environment [Government Emergency Ordinance OUG

195/2005]Natural protected Areas –

Management PlansEnvironmental Assessment of

Territorial Spatial Plans PAT and Urban Plans PU

UrbanismPlans, regulations:

PUG – General Urban (Master)Plan;

PUZ – Zonal Urban Plans;

PUD – Detailed Urban Plans;

RGU General Urban Regulation (developed by the Ministry - MDRAP)

RLU Local Urban Regulation

Planning System in Romania – exemplifying on Environmental PoliciesTerritorial and Urban Spatial Planning Law

[350/2001]

Territorial Planning

Instruments - Plans:

PATN – National Territorial Spatial

Plan PATZ – Zonal Territorial Spatial

Plan PATJ – County Territorial Spatial

Plan Ministry for Regional

Development & Public

Administration (MDRAP)

Coordination at National Level

County Councils

Local Councils

Legislation from other fieldsImposing restrictions

Regional Development[Law 315/2004]

Regional Development Plans

Local Public AdministrationWaters Law

Land Improvements etc.

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Planning and implementation instruments in Romania (rules of producing and ratifying plans)The main instruments for spatial planning in Romania are the plans realized at national, regional, county and local level. The command issuer is, in most cases, a legal authority, as stated by its administrative competences in planning. However, the command issuer can also be a person or company for Detail Urban Plans and, in some cases, for Zonal Urban Plans as well. The citizens are notified through a public statement whenever a plan is initiated. After the designer or consultant that realizes the plan is selected by the command issuer (often as a result of procurement procedures for public interest commands), the drawing up of the documentation (plan) takes place. The documentation content and regulations are in most cases based on the conclusions of a series of background studies which are commanded by the administrative authority which ratifies the plan. The plan can be subjected to change during its design following complaints issued during citizen public consultations or following recommendations made by the authorities involved in different permit procedures. The permits that need to be obtained for each documentation are determined from the inception phase by the authority which ratifies the plan, according to the area on which the plan is drawn upon and different national or local regulations. In the end, a plan is considered to be valid and its provisions come into effect only after it is ratified by the competent authority. [ IMPP 2015 RO ]

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Comparative Analysis – exemplifying on Environmental Policies

Criterion / Country

France The United Kingdom Romania

Legal Definition of [Restrictive] Environment

Specific provisions for sensitive natural areas, mountain areas, shorelines

Statement of specific policies: green belts, protection of natural areas

Reference to protected areas and/or exposed to risks

Planning System

Schéma de service collectif – natural and rural spacesProfil environnemental régional

RSS – setting priorities for environmental protection at regional level

PATN – 2 sections referring to [ restrictive ] environmentsPAT – chapter covering the natural & environmental context

Instruments at hand

Numerous instruments proposed through means of territorial planning legislation – e.g : design taxes

Defining policies at national, regional and local level for various aspects in relation to [ restrictive ] environments

Besides the plans: only few instruments, often proposed by secondary legislation

Institutionalized Structure

Complex, numerous structures with responsibilities defined in various fields

Dedicated institutions to care for planning at every level (national, regional, local)

Numerous institutions involved in different phases of the planning process

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• Identification of different planning levels• Identification of relations and dependencies

between different planning levels• Identification of conceptual elements to be

addressed by a possible standard– Enforcing authority– Boundaries– Themes– …

Step 2: engineering report / discussion paper

intra-national / inter-national ..

- Binding / Guiding - Strategic / Normative - Sectorial / Integrated - …

=> opportunity for HARMONISATION actions

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Step 3: identification of data structure for planning mark-up language

– Possible approaches• Not “hard-coded” (i.e. not based on fixed LODs)• Loosely bound with flexible provision of layers linked

through dependencies• Engineering report

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Comments + Questions

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