OGC Standards and Environmental Science Phillip C. Dibner End-to-End Spatial Infrastructures for...

OGC Standards and Environmental Science

Phillip C. DibnerEnd-to-End Spatial Infrastructures for Environmental

ScienceWellington, NZ

December 6, 2010

Interoperability Standards in Environmental Science

Preface: Environmental Science and the OGC

• Not an exaggeration to claim that OGC was created substantially to serve growing environmental needs

• Environment is among the greatest areas of OGC technology implementation

• Data on environmental applications has never really been collated– Implementers do not necessarily advise OGC of their work– Users and integrators might not be aware of OGC content or

services in the tools they use• Sources of information:

– OGCNetwork staff presentations: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcpresentations

– OGCNetwork document catalogue: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcdoc

http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcpresentations

http://www.ogcnetwork.net/ogcdoc


Overview

• Some examples of individual projects for environmental science using OGC standards

• The need for infrastructure– framework datasets– organizations, agreements, initiatives– process– technology / platform

• semantics / common vocabularies and information models

• services

• How to engage


Advisories

• These topics are not entirely distinct– organizations develop standards, create policy, form

agreements, and execute projects– many projects both explore environmental questions

and develop or exercise technology

• Applications and architectures are highly heterogeneous

• The process is well underway but very far from completion

• There is still opportunity not only to engage, but to have a significant impact on outcomes

• One person can still make a difference

Selected Projects


Sharing Water Information in France: Sandre

• Sandre: The French Data Reference Centre for Water• Seeking common language for water data exchange since

1993• Multiple agencies• All aspects of water: wastewater, hydrography, surface

water, ground water, marine water, …• Many data sources, and remote background maps from

other agencies (JRC, BGRM, …)• Data expressed in a common information model• See OGC User, 2006. Article by François-Xavier Prunayre:

– http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/59• Published core datasets using the OpenGIS® Web Map

Service (WMS) and OpenGIS® Web Feature Service (WFS) specifications in 2005

http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/59


Open European Soil Portal

• The European Soil Portal • Allows integration of a variety of online databases• Started with SOMIS (Soil database attribute),

PESERA (Soil Erosion), OCTOP (Organic Carbon), and MEUSIS (Multiscape European soil Information System)

• Some data is copyrighted• Based on WMS: permits data to be viewed in a

rendered form, without providing access to the raw data themselves

• See OGC User, 2005:– http://ogcuser.opengeospatial.org/node/122


Global Land Ice Measurement

• The Global Land Ice Measurement from Space (GLIMS)• Cooperative effort of over sixty institutions world-wide • Inventorying a majority of the world's estimated 160000

glaciers • Each institution (Regional Center) oversees analysis of

satellite imagery for a particular region containing glacier ice

• Ingested into a spatially-enabled database (PostGIS)• Made available via a website with an interactive map and

a WMS. GLIMS Glacier Database is accessible on the World Wide Web at http://nsidc.org/glims/

• Global and Planetary Change 56 (2007) 101-110– http://cires.colorado.edu/~braup/pubs/raup2007b.pdf

http://nsidc.org/glims/

http://cires.colorado.edu/~braup/pubs/raup2007b.pdf


Real-Time Pollution Maps for Europe

• EU-funded research project: INTAMAP• “Real-time pollution maps launched across Europe”

– http://www.clickgreen.org.uk/events/events/121547-real-time-pollution-maps-launched-across-europe.html

• Uses measurements taken at specific places to create an online contour map

• Intelligent processing incorporates urgency to determine whether to use more or less precise (and time-intensive) forms of interpolation

• Oil spill maps, industrial/urban air pollution, gamma radiation,…

• Collects “raw data from the web” via OGC standards• Other OGC-compliant web services automatically make

maps and display them on the web, in real time

http://www.clickgreen.org.uk/events/events/121547-real-time-pollution-maps-launched-across-europe.html

http://www.clickgreen.org.uk/events/events/121547-real-time-pollution-maps-launched-across-europe.html


Fieldservers and Sensor Service Grid

• The Sensor Asia initiative - developing the infrastructure for low-cost deployment of a broad network of sensors

• Fieldservers: an Internet-based observation robot that can provide an outdoor solution for monitoring environmental parameters in real time

• “will contribute to monitoring and modeling on various environmental issues in Asia, including agriculture, food, pollution, disaster, climate change etc.”

• Reference: “Fieldservers and Sensor Service Grid as Real-time Monitoring Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks”– http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/4/2363/pdf


Coastal Network: ICAN

• “Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 4: Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean”– http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/ICAN_EEA/ICAN4/ICAN4_Wkshp_Rpt.

pdf

• Describes a variety of services, many of which use OGC protocols

• An integrative prototype has been built using CSW as the catalog interface, and WMS as data (actually, visualization) service

• Agreement must still be reached on semantics and terminology, e.g., “seabed” vs. “seafloor”

• The biggest issues involve inter-organizational relationships and governance, rather than technology

http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/ICAN_EEA/ICAN4/ICAN4_Wkshp_Rpt.pdf

http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/ICAN_EEA/ICAN4/ICAN4_Wkshp_Rpt.pdf


Integrated Ocean Observing System

• IOOS: a data integration framework (DIF) for ocean observations, by US NOAA– http://www.ioos.gov/dif/

• Several SOS servers, reporting in-situ temperature, salinity, conductivity, currents, waves

http://www.ioos.gov/dif/


• This scenario is driven primarily by scientific research on the distribution of pika and how it is changingdistribution of pika and how it is changing.

• GEOSS infrastructure perspective: to investigate the to investigate the interoperability process to determine valuable predictors for interoperability process to determine valuable predictors for the impact of climate change on biodiversitythe impact of climate change on biodiversity

• Use observations of pika over the last 20 years, plus existing modeling demonstration systems, to model pika to model pika distributions and how they may change with climatedistributions and how they may change with climate

Area of Interest

The US Great Basin region (1x1 km)Scientific patrons

Dr. Chris Ray (University of Colorado - CO USA)

http://www.ogcnetwork.net/system/files/FINAL-pikas_AIP_SBA_ER.pdf

CC Impact on Pikas demonstrated in AIP-2

Slide courtesy GEO, OGC, and sponsors:


Components for CC Pika Scenario

Source: GEOSS AIP-2 Engineering Report, http://www.ogcnetwork.net/system/files/FINAL-pikas_AIP_SBA_ER.pdf

Infrastructure

Framework Data Sets


Atlas of Canada

• Web services based on WMS• Many kinds of environmental data:

– Climate– Ecology– Forests– Geology– Groundwater– Hydrology– Land– Natural Hazards– Protected Areas– Sea Ice

• http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/index.html• WMS:

http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/dataservices/web_map_service.html

http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/index.html


USGS Framework Data Sets and the NSDI

• Framework WFS at http://frameworkwfs.usgs.gov/• Offered by the US Geological Survey in support of the

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)– Governmental Units– Hydrological Elements– Roads (as Road Segments)– More to be added

• The US National Spatial Data Infrastructure consists of the technology, policies, criteria, standards and people necessary to promote geospatial data sharing throughout all levels of government, the private and non-profit sectors, and academia.

http://frameworkwfs.usgs.gov/


NSW Natural Resource Atlas

• Data on:– Atmosphere– Biodiversity– Boundaries– Coast & ocean– Imagery & base maps– Inland waters– Land– Planning– Society– Transport

• http://www.nratlas.nsw.gov.au/• WMS for data distribution

http://www.nratlas.nsw.gov.au/


Atlas of the Cryosphere

• Developed at US National Snow and Ice Data Center

• Satellite imagery, sea ice extent, sea ice concentration, land, seasonal snow concentration, snow extent, …

• Atlas: http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/• Article: http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/ogc_services.html

http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/

http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/ogc_services.html


ACAP: Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal

• Tool for data download and geovisualization– developed at the NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data

Center (AGDC)– Scambos, Ted, John Maurer, Rob Bauer, Jennifer

Bohlander, Terry Haran, and Katherine Leitzell. 2008. A-CAP: The Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/agdc/acap/.

• Provides WMS, WFS, and WCS services• Data offerings: AGDC data, glaciology, ice core

data, snow accumulation, satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), sea ice concentration, others

http://nsidc.org/agdc


Architectures Heterogeneous

• No standard way to deploy these services• One service is not the same as one data source

– e.g., a Sensor Observation Service instance may support a single sensor or an entire network

– observations may be collected singly, or in very substantial arrays / record sets to minimize cost of transmitting metadata

• Interfaces suggest themselves at points of opportunity– WCS, WFS, SOS for primary data– WMS for rendered maps– WPS, SPS for processing; SPS for tasking

• Architecture derives from analysis of requirements and desired uses

Organizations, Agreements, Initiatives


Interoperability is About Organizations

“Interoperability seems to be about the integration of information. What it’s really about is the coordination of organizations”

David SchellCEO and ChairmanOGC

Slide content courtesy OGC


INSPIRE

• INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) is a European directive and set of guidelines for the use of open standards in geospatial products.

• Purpose: “enable the formulation, implementation, monitoring activities and evaluation of Community environmental policies at all levels - European, national and local - and to provide public information.”

• WFS, WFS-T, GML, WCS, KML, WPS … used in various ways by mandated and supporting organizations


OneGeology

• “Making Geological Map Data for the Earth Accessible”

• An international initiative of the geological surveys of the world

• Mission: “make web-accessible the best geological map data worldwide at a scale of about 1:1 million”

• Participants establish and register a WMS that provides geological data for their region at the proper scale.

• http://www.onegeology.org/• Portal at http://portal.onegeology.org/

http://www.onegeology.org/

http://portal.onegeology.org/


OneGeology - comment

• Note that there is process to putting together the worldwide geological map

• All levels and stages of development are relevant, and often play out concurrently


iEMSs, IEMHub and the CoP for Integrated Modeling

• iEMSs - the International Environmental Modeling and Software Society – http://www.iemss.org

• The Community of Practice for Integrated Environmental Modeling

• IEMHub - the Interoperable Environmental Modeling Hub– web-based platform for the Community of Practice for

Integrated Environmental Modeling (CIEM)– developed by the Community, supported by the US EPA– http://iemhub.org/

• The First International Summit on Integrated Environmental Modeling (December 7-9, 2010, Reston, VA)

http://www.iemss.org/

http://iemhub.org/


MoU between iEMSs and OGC


CUASHI• The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic

Science, Inc • Have built a very large scale prototype: integrated view of water and

hydrologic processes, as well as systems for publishing / distributing / collating information from multiple sites

• Building a services stack using OGC Web Service Standards• Catalog Services will be exposed as OGC Catalog Service for the Web

(CSW)• Their database is built upon the ODM - Observations Data Model• Will be exposed, however, as a Web Feature Service• Use WFS because it can be accessed by current GIS systems• Thousands (~ 10K) types of phenomena exposed• Time series - distributed services may distribute 10s to millions• Developed WaterML - not originally based on OGC paradigms, but

WaterML 2.0 is• http://www.cuahsi.org

http://www.cuahsi.org/


OGC Ocean ScienceInteroperability Experiment

World initiative to advance standards for advancing interoperability of ocean observing systems.

Slide courtesy OGC and Ocean IE participants and sponsors:

Courtesy OGC


Oceans IE Phase IOceans IE Phase I

• Explore Web Feature Service (WFS) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS)

• Advance SOS in the ocean community

• Explore implementation about discovery of sensors and observations using semantic web technologies

Material courtesy OGC and Oceans IE


Oceans IE Phase IIOceans IE Phase II

Topic: Automated metadata/software installation via PUCK

Topic: Linking data from SOS to out-of-band offerings.Topic: Registry CSWTopic: Semantic Registry and ServicesTopic: Complex SystemsTopic: Large number of Observation Offerings

OGC Oceans IE Phase II Engineering Report, OGC Document 09-156, 2009-11-09


GEO was created through a series of three Earth

Observations Summits:

WashingtonTokyo

Brussels

GEO - The Group on Earth Observations

Courtesy OGC


GEOSS: The GEO System of SystemsA Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and

Sustained System of Earth Observing Systems

Courtesy OGC


… in service of 9 Societal Benefit Areas1. Reduction and Prevention of Disasters2. Human Health and Epidemiology3. Energy Management4. Climate Change5. Water Management6. Weather Forecasting7. Ecosystems8. Agriculture9. Biodiversity

A Cross-cutting Approach …

GEOSS

Courtesy OGC

GEOSS Architecture Provides Systems Interoperability and Easier and

More Open Data Access

Courtesy OGC

GEOSS on-line: http://www.earthobservations.org/

http://www.earthobservations.org/


Interoperability Arrangements

• Technical Specifications for Collecting, Processing, Storing, and Disseminating Data and Products

• Based on Non-proprietary Standards

• Defining only how System Components Should Interface to be Contributed to GEOSS

GEOSS Architecture

Courtesy OGC


OperationalCapability

OperationalCapability

UserNeeds,

Scenarios

UserNeeds,

Scenarios

Design, Develop,Deploy

Design, Develop,Deploy

ArchitectureImplementation

Pilot (AIP)Task AR-09-01b

GEOSS CommonInfrastructure (GCI)Task AR-09-01a

support

persistentimplementation

requirements

SBA Tasks,UIC

Elaboration of GEOSS Architecture

Courtesy OGC


GEOSS Common Infrastructure

• GEO Portal– provides convenient access to GEOSS data and information– http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_gp.shtml

• Component registry– formal listing and description of EO systems, data sets, models, etc. that

together constitute the Global Earth Observation System of Systems– http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_cr.shtml

• Standards registry– information about standards relevant to implementation / operation of

GEOSS– http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_sr.shtml

• Best practices wiki– for aggregation and review of best practices in all aspects of EO– http://wiki.ieee-earth.org/

• Task force– oversight of GEOSS Initial Operating Capability– http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_ioc_tf.shtml

http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_gp.shtml

http://www.earthobservations.org/gci_cr.shtml


OGC involvement in GEOSS

• GEOSS Workshop Series– Organized by IEEE, ISPRS, OGC– 2006: OGC demos for several Societal Benefit areas– 2007: Template for persistent SOA in 2007

• GEO Work Plan Tasks– 2006: GEOSS Clearinghouse– 2007: GEO Architecture and Data Committee Tasks

• Coordinate the GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot– http://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilot

Detail courtesy OGC


GEOSS Demo at IGARSS06, Denver: Effect of Forest Fire Smoke on Air Quality

Canada Smoke Transport to USCanada Smoke Transport to USJune 27, 2006June 27, 2006Fire PixelsFire Pixels (red circles) (red circles) Surface PM2.5, (yellow circles) Surface PM2.5, (yellow circles) Surface Visibility, (blue circles)Surface Visibility, (blue circles)MODIS 1 km TrueColor ImageMODIS 1 km TrueColor Image

Service chaining to develop air quality image

Developed by George Mason Univ. and Washington Univ., St. Louis


GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot

• The GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilot (AIP) develops and deploys new process and infrastructure components for the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) and the broader GEOSS architecture– http://www.ogcnetwork.net/AIpilot

• Three rounds to date of the AIP effort– AIP-3 Current status and demonstration videos:

• http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/index.html

– AIP-2 Engineering Reports:• http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/pages/AIP-

2_ER.html

– AIP-2 Demonstration videos:• http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP2/index.html


GEOSS AIP-2 Flood Tasking and Product Generation

Aid levels for disaster relief funding can be released within days, in advance of on-site damage assessment.

From portal select desired theme(s) and area of interest

Wizard picks appropriate workflow for desired result

Wizard

Mozambique

Disaster Management Information System (DMIS)

Workflows

Estimated rainfall accumulation and flood prediction model

Flood Model

Selected workflow automatically activates needed assets and models

Baseline water level, flood waters and predicted flooding

Courtesy OGC


GEOSS in Disaster Management Response

• Earthquake in Haiti• Response to AIP-3 CFP

University of Heidelberg

• Earthquake in Chile• ERDAS Apollo used in AIP-2

Courtesy OGC

Process


Testbed

Pilot

OGC Network

Experiment

Specification Program

Technology M

atura

tion

SpecificationsImplementationsDemonstrations

OGC Interoperability Program InitiativesOGC Interoperability Program Initiatives

Types of Interoperability Program Initiatives

Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.47

Graphic Courtesy Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.


DevelopmentDevelopmentActivitiesActivities

Kick-offKick-offWorkshopWorkshop

Call for Call for ParticipationParticipation

ConceptConceptDevelopmentDevelopment

PersistentPersistentOperationsOperations(AR-09-01a)(AR-09-01a)

Participation

Participation

Participation

Participation

ParticipationArchitectureArchitectureDocumentationDocumentation

Updates for each step

Baseline

AR-09-01b Architecture Implementation Pilot

Evolutionary Development Process

Operational Baseline and Lessons Learned for next evolutionary spiral

Continuous interaction with external activities

GEOSS AIP Development Approach uses OGC Process

Courtesy OGC

Platform

Common semantics, interoperable protocols


Common Information Models

• Observations and Measurements: OGC / ISO O&M Standard– http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om – revision: http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/om2.0swg

• SONet - a US NSF-funded workshop series to harmonize and develop a standard for observations in Ecology and Earth Sciences– https://sonet.ecoinformatics.org/

• Water: OGC Discussion Paper 2010, “Harmonizing Standards for Water Observation Data.” Current information models, and efforts to harmonize them.– http://portal.opengeospatial.org/modules/admin/

license_agreement.php?suppressHeaders=0&access_license_id=3&target=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/index.php?artifact_id=39090


GML Application Schemas and Profiles

• Environment-related GML Application Schemas:– http://www.ogcnetwork.net/gmlprofiles

• Partial listing:– AgriXchange - GML Application Schema for agriculture (INSPIRE)– CAAML - Canadian Avalanche Association Markup Language– CityGML– CleanSeaNet - Near real time oil spill monitoring– Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML)– Cyclone Warning Markup Language (CWML) - DRAFT– Digital Weather Geography Markup Language (dwGML)– GML 3.1.1 Application schema for Earth Observation products– GeoSciML - Geological Sciences ML– Ground Water Markup Language (GWML)– MarineXML– SoTerML (Soil and Terrain Markup Language)– Tsunami Warning Markup Language (TWML) - Draft– XPlanGML - Sharing spatially related planning documents


OGC Interoperable Protocols

• WMS - rendered maps• WFS - feature data• WFS-T - transactional WFS - allows upload of feature data• WCS - coverage data• SLD - Styled Layer Descriptor - styles data for rendering• SOS - Sensor Observation Service - standard access to

sensed data, whether automated or through human activity

• SPS - Sensor Planning Service - a standard means of tasking devices, simulations, human activities

• WPS - Web Processing Service - standardardized access to computational elements

Engagement


OGC: How to participate?http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects

• Specification Development ProgramParticipate through: (i) Domain Working Groups: Forum for discussion and documentation

of interoperability requirements for a given information or user community, Informational presentations and discussions about the market use of adopted OGC Standards (http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/wg)

(ii) Standards Working Groups: Edit and approve a candidate standard for public comment, Consider official Change Request Proposals to an existing OGC Standard and make changes to the standard as necessary (http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/swg)

• Interoperability Program (IP Program)Participate through: testbeds, interoperability experiments or pilot

projects, where sponsors and participants (usually OGC members) work together solving interoperability requirements, results might be: “demonstrable” implementations, engineering reports etc.

Courtesy OGC


Participation in GEOSS

• Join mailing lists for info:– https://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/aip_plenary

• To join the GEOSS Task officially, contact the Principal representative of a GEO Member and Participating Organization – For OGC members, the Principal is George Percivall– For others, contact the Principal for one of

• http://www.earthobservations.org/ag_members.shtml • http://www.earthobservations.org/ag_partorg.shtml


Other

• Integrated Modeling - IEMHub:– http://iemhub.org/register

• Oceans Interoperability Experiment (near completion):– via OGC Interoperability Program

• OneGeology:– NZ already a participant

Thank you!

Date post:	31-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	clyde-neal
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

OGC Standards and Environmental Science Phillip C. Dibner End-to-End Spatial Infrastructures for...

Documents