Ohio Utica/Point Pleasant Oil & Gas Drilling- Opportunities and Issues with a Focus on Hydraulic Fracturing

William G. Kinney

May 23, 2012

Summit Petroleum, Inc.

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Shale – Has driven natural gas prices from $8/Mcf to $2.50/Mcf2

Oil & Gas in Ohio

Over time there have 275,774 wells drilled for oil and gas in Ohio

Today in Ohio, there are 64,378 wells in production

There are approximately 90 Utica wells drilled

Across Ohio the drill bit has tested oil and gas reservoirs at depths ranging from less than 100 feet to over 13,700 feet

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Oil & Gas in Ohio

Ohio historic well spot map Drilling peaked at 6000 wells per year in 1982 In 2012 about 500 wells will be drilled, 100

horizontal

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The Utica – Three Areas of Focus

The Utica has three windows of maturity Oil Wet Gas /

Condensate Dry Gas

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IF we assume 1/3 of volume will be gas and 2/3 is oil…

%R = 1.2 percent – recoverable from the intervalQt = 1.96 billion barrels equivalent

= 3.75 TCF gas and 1.31 Billion barrels oil

%R = 5 percent - recoverable from the intervalQt = 8.2 billion barrels equivalent

= 15.7 TCF and 5.5 Billion barrels oil

Utica/Point Pleasant Recoverable Reserve Potential Estimate for Ohio

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Does it make a difference in Ohio?

Local Supply = Less Disruptions = Less Volatility

Local production – natural gas produced in our own backyard – is a safeguard that offers market protections against pipeline capacity and delivery constraints, particularly during peak demand periods. This represents a unique value to a state, such as Ohio, that is an industrialized large consumer of natural gas.

Also, because of local production feeding into the eastern Ohio distribution system, Ohio citizens tend not to experience the extreme price swings caused by short-term peak-demand volatility that many other high-population centers suffered during recent years.

Saves Ohio $60 million in avoided interstate costs Saves Ohio $5 million in price reduction effect

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Penn State Study10

July, 2009, “An Emerging Giant: Prospects and Economic Impacts of Developing the Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Play”

May, 2010, “The Economic Impacts of the Pennsylvania Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Play: An update” Timothy Considine, Ph.D., M.B.A. Robert Watson, Ph.D., P.E. Seth Blumsack, Ph.D

Penn State Study11

Fully developed, the Marcellus Shale has the potential to be the second largest natural gas field in the world, behind only the South Pars/Asalouyeh field shared between the nations of Iran and Qatar.

Converted to British Thermal Units (BTUs), the natural gas found in the Marcellus could be equivalent to the energy content of 87 billion barrels of oil, enough to meet the demand of the entire world for nearly three years.

Penn State Study12

YearS&L Taxes (millions) Employment BCFE/day

AnnualProduction

2009 $389 44,098 0.30 109.50

2010 785 88,588 1.00 365.00

2011 987 111,413 2.50 912.50

2020 1,870 211,909 13.50 4,927.50

American Chemical Council13

A 25 percent increase in ethane supply generates:•17,000 new jobs in the U.S. chemical industry•$32 billion increase in U.S. chemical production•$16.2 billion in new capital investment by the chemical industry•395,000 new jobs outside the chemical industry, including:

• 165,000 jobs in supplier industries, as a result of increase in U.S. chemical production

• 230,000 jobs from new capital investment by the chemical industry

Yesterday vs. Today

Drilling/ Well Construction

Earthquakes

176 Class II wellsHave operated in Ohio for over 30 yearsWithout event

After a exhaustive study by several agencies and industry professionals it was found that the seismic activity induced by the North Star #3 well in Youngstown was caused as a result of injecting water into a basement (non sedimentary) zone that was faulted and in a stress regime. This was the first well in Ohio to try injection into these deeper, non-sedimentary zones.

As part of new regulation, Injection wells will no longer be permitted through sedimentary rocks.

Hydraulic Fracturing

Frac has been the industry short term for Hydraulic FRACturing for over 30 years

If someone spells it with a “k” they have an agenda for the reader to confuse it with another word that does have a “k”…

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Hydraulic Fracturing

Conditions needed to complete an economically successful oil an gas well:

Porosity: Oil and gas trapped in the pore spaces of a reservoir rock

Permeability: The pore spaces are connected allowing fluid to move through the rock

Most productive wells have good porosity but poor permeability

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Hydraulic Fracturing

A producer “fracs” a well to increase the flow of oil and gas from the rock, known to contain oil and gas, but where the rock’s natural permeability does not allow oil and gas to reach the wellbore in sufficient volumes.

Hydraulic fracturing is “well stimulation” - the process of applying hydraulic force, using water, to induce and extend a fracture in a reservoir rock.

To frac a well is to create a drainage ditch – a pathway - that penetrates horizontally into the oil and gas bearing reservoir rock.

Hydraulic fracturing makes the impossible possible by allowing us to reach oil and gas trapped in rock beds that would not otherwise naturally produce.

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This is not new technology Fracing has been a standard practice for over 60 years. First

well fraced – Kelpper # 1, Kansas - 1947 1989 SPE – over 1 million frac jobs (SPE) 600 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 7 billion barrels of oil

have been captured thanks to hydraulic fracturing – energy that would not have been acquired without it.

Fracing is responsible for 30 percent of America’s recoverable oil and natural gas

90 percent of wells currently operating today have been fractured

American operators now frac 35,000 wells each year Not a single case of drinking water contamination has ever been

recorded. Not one. Hydraulic fracturing has been aggressively regulated by the

states. In that time a staggering record of safety has been amassed.

Hydraulic Fracturing19

Hydraulic Fracturing in Ohio 1953 – First Ohio frac job

1958 Study - as a result of fracturing, the Clinton dry hole rate of 42% in 1951 decreased to 15% by 1957 and that, “as a result of the success of hydraulic fracturing, many sub-marginal areas which would have been economically undesirable, are now being produced profitably.”

 Today – over 80,000 wells have been fraced in Ohio oil and gas formations ranging from 1,000’ to 10,000’.

“After 25 years of investigating citizens complaints, DMRM (ODNR) geologists have not documented a single incident involving contamination of ground water attributed to hydraulic fracturing”

Scott Kell, deputy chief, ODNR/DMRM in testimony submitted to the Committee on Natural Resources, Energy and Mineral Resources Subcommittee, U.S. House of Representatives, June 4, 2009.

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Frac Constituents21

Lithostatic Overburden & Frac Gradient

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Where does the frac go and how do we know?

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Tracer Surveys Electronic Wireline Temperature Logging Advanced Micro Seismic Technology Lithiostatic Overburden - Geology Frac Gradient - Physics The fact that producing wells do not water out Ohio law for management & disposal of

flowbackAll conclusively demonstrate that the frac stays in zone and the environment is protected.

Well Types

Vertical Horizontal

A horizontal well is in reality many wells within one wellbore

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Water Usage26

Creating Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt-What is the Enviros Real Agenda?

 

 

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Gasland - What’s real?

NY Times’ Coverage of Pennsylvania Environmental Regulation is a “Fraud” 

Gasland: presents a selective, distorted view of gas drilling and the energy choices America faces today. If Gasland were about the airline industry, every flight would crash and all airlines would be irresponsible. In Gasland, the gas industry is unsafe from beginning to end and is one unending environmental nightmare with no benefits. Gasland seeks to inflame public opinion to shutdown the natural gas industry and is effective.

In pursuing this goal, Gasland treats cavalierly facts both by omitting important ones and getting wrong others

John Hanger, former secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

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Flaming Faucets29

GASLAND DIRECTOR DEFENDS NOT REVEALING FACTS

(June 1, 2011) CHICAGO, IL - JOSH FOX, the director of Gasland, an Oscar nominated documentary, has admitted that he withheld evidence that showed gas can occur in water naturally and is not a result of fracking. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9CfUm0QeOk

Journalist and filmmaker Phelim McAleer asked him about a report from 1976 by the Colorado Division of Water which said there was a "troublesome amount of methane" in the aquifer close to two families, the Markhams and the McClures, who are featured in the documentary as having problems with their water.

Mr. Fox initially denied the existence of the 1976 report, but eventually admitted that there have been reports of "flammable water" in the US since at least 1936.

He said such scientific reports were not relevant to his documentary because he believed the families and accepted their accounts of their situation.

"This is another example of journalists and filmmakers showing half the story and smothering science that does not suit their narrative. Josh Fox owes it to frightened families to reveal all the facts. He should let them know that some water across the US has gas in it and always has had gas in it. It has nothing to do with fracking,“

“There is no way that the fracing process is going to affect ground water." Chief, Ohio Geologic Survey Larry Wickstrom

“Though hydraulic fracturing has been used for over 50 years in Texas, our records do not indicate a single documented contamination case associated with hydraulic fracturing.” – Victor Carrillo, Chairman, Texas Railroad Commission

“There have been no instances where the Division of Oil and Gas has verified that harm to groundwater has ever been found to be the result of hydraulic fracturing.” – Indiana Department of Natural Resources

“There is no indication that hydraulic fracturing has ever caused damage to ground water.” – Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

“…we have found no example of contamination of usable water where the cause was claimed to be hydraulic fracturing.” – Mark Fesmire, Director, New Mexico Oil Conservation Division

What Regulators Are Saying…

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What Regulators Are Saying… “He said he has been examining the science of hydrofracturing the

shale for three years and has found no cases in which the process has led to groundwater contamination.” “As it turns out hydraulic fracturing itself appears to be safe.” – Taury Smith, New York State’s top geologist

“It’s our experience in Pennsylvania that we have not had one case in which the fluids used to break off the gas from 5,000 to 8,000 feet underground have returned to contaminate ground water.” - Former PA DEP Sec. and Former PennFuture CEO John Hanger

“The [2004 EPA] study determined that fracturing posed ‘little or no threat’” to groundwater. – U.S. EPA

“No Documented Cases of Hydraulic Fracturing Contamination” – The Obama Administration in Testimony before U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.

“There have been no documented cases of drinking water contamination that have resulted from hydraulic fracturing.” - Association of American State Geologists President

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What Really Matters - Well Construction

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ODNR has doubles the number of inspectors Recent legislation strengthens oversight, penalties and

regulation Severance tax rates have been increased substantially, so that

the industry, not the Ohio tax payers are footing the bill for increased ODNR staff

Frac Focus has opened up all well completion process to complete out side industry review – there are no secrete chemicals – no “toxic stew”.

State permitting requirements stipulate full chemical disclosure for any well drilled in Ohio

What really matters: Accountability

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Consider a Career in Exploration

Be part of the solution rather than a wineing part of the problem.

A career in oil and gas requires strong science and strong math. It’s very hard work but;

It’s also rewarding, exciting and,

Fun!

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Contact information

William G. Kinney President Summit Petroleum, Inc. Twinsburg, OH 44087

O: 330 487 5494C: 440 773 7008summitpetroleum@yahoo.com

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