Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry,
Molecular Spectroscopy,
Lab Data Management Software
Oil & Gas Application Notebook
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas
Industrial Water Process
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling Water
Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Whether or not the oil and gas industry is in a boom or bust cycle,
companies that succeed will be those that have learned to execute
at a lower price point, by working with the supply chain in new ways.
They will consider new technology that helps achieve higher product
purity and improved production efficiencies.
Making informed decisions on selecting drill sites, crude oil testing,
custody transfer, contaminant analysis, and product purity testing
requires appropriately configured, accurate, dependable, and cost
effective analytical instrumentation.
Thermo Fisher Scientific™ offers the most complete portfolio
of analytical instrument workflow solutions in the industry. We
deliver critical information about your upstream, midstream,
and downstream production and industrial water preventative
maintenance processes with a choice of available technologies
and models that maximize instrument uptime.
Upstream Midstream Downstream
Exploration Production Custody Transfer Storage Wholesale Marketing Refining Distribution
Oil and Gas Production. The Global Challenge.
IntroductionTable of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Petroleum & Natural Gas
The oil & gas industry is driven by two workflows, one for petroleum and natural gas
processes and one for industrial water processes.
The workflows can be described as a matrix that provides a choice of available products
according to the process, matrices, application, and analytes of interest.
The petrolelum and natural gas workflow includes matrices for natural gas, condensates,
and crude oil. Both are segmented according to upstream, midstream, and downstream
sectors. Analytical instrumentation includes GC, GC-MS, GC-HRAM, ICP-OES, HPLC,
organic elemental analyzers (OEA), and combustion IC (CIC).
BiomarkersGC-HRMS
CHNS/O and Heat Value
OEA
SIMDISGC, GC-MS
H2S, CO2, NOx GC
F, Cl, S Combustion IC
S, Metals PAH’s ICP-OES HPLC, GC
Natural Gas &Condensates
Crude Oil
UpstreamExploration & Production
DownstreamRefining, Petrochemical,
Energy
MidstreamTransportation & Custody Transfer
Energy Content (BTU), DHA, SIMDIS, H2S/Organic Sulfur GC, GC-MS
RGA, DHAGC, GC-MS
Oxygenates, AromaticsGC, GC-MS
BTEX3, PAHsGC, GC-MS
Sulfur, Metals ICP-OES
F, Cl, S Combustion IC
Feed Stock Testing QA
LIMS leverages all process steps Products
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Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water ProcessThe industrial water processes workflow includes matrices for industrial water and
scrubber solutions and is segmented according to process monitoring and waste water
monitoring. Analytical instrumentation includes IC, ICP-OES, and GC, and GC-MS,.
Products
Amines, Anions, Organic acids
IC, GC
Cations, Anions, Ammonium, Alkai & Alkaline Earth Metals
IC, ICP-OES
TPH1, HRVOC2
GC, GC-MS
Metals (e.g., Zn, Cd) ICP-OES
Organic AcidsIC, GC
Industrial Water
Scrubber Solutions
Process Monitoring Waste Water Monitoring
Organic Acids, Sulfur Species, Amines, AlkanolaminesPolyphosphates, Polyphosphonates
IC
Cations, Anions, IC, ICP-OES
BTEX3, PCB4
ASE, GCS
ICP-OES
LIMS leverages all process steps 1. Total petroleum hydrocarbons
2. Reactive volatile organic compounds
3. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes
4. Polychorlinatedbiphenyl
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Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Inductively Coupled Plasma Analyzer
Organic Elemental Analyzer
For ensuring consistent radial ICP-OES performance and accurate results with high matrix
tolerance and stable operation
For automated characterization of coal, crude, fuels, lubricants, and petrochemical
products by determining nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen
Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ 7000 Plus Series ICP-OES Analyzer
Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart ™ Elemental Analyzer
Learn more
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Analytical TechnologiesTable of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquid Analyzers
Hydrocarbon Processing
Specifically configured turnkey GC analyzers equipped with the appropriate injectors, detectors, and columns to meet the
regulatory requirements for a wide range of GPA, ASTM, ISO, and DIN methods
A complete suite of gas chromatography solutions from simple single channel gas chromatographs to highly configured
multi-channel, multi-valve systems to meet the varied demands of the hydrocarbon processing industry - HPI
Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1310 Gas Chromatograph
Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1310 Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquid Analyzers
Learn more
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Analytical TechnologiesTable of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Ion Chromatography
Combustion Ion Chromatography
For meeting your routine ion analysis demands with flexible detector configurations, automated consumables
tracking, and the versatility to run under isocratic and gradient conditions
For achieving reliable, reproducible analysis of halides and sulfur in matrices such as coal, crude oil, LPG,
fuels, and lubricants
Thermo Scientific™ Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC) system
Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC™ system
Learn more
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Analytical TechnologiesTable of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Analytical Technologies
Lab Data Management and Analysis SoftwareIntegrated informatics, with connectivity between the LIMS and CDS, that enables
real-time evaluation of results for process monitoring, ensuring that turnaround is timely
and reducing the risk of lost quality or product
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Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Petrochemical analysis can be challenging due to difficult matrices, a wide range of
contaminants, and sensitivity requirements. We offer the broadest portfolio of laboratory
analytical instrumentation in the industry that work together to enhance your analytical
capabilities and streamline your upstream, midstream, and downstream processes.
GC, GC-MS
OEA
CIC
ICP-OES
GC-HRMS
Petroleum and Natural Gas Process
Upstream Midstream Downstream
Exploration Production Custody Transfer Storage Wholesale Marketing Refining Distribution
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Data obtained from the analysis of nitrogen in crude by ASTM D5291 fall within the
statistical margin of error using Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer.
Results comparing untreated with treated fluoride sample in LPG demonstrate the sensi-
tivity of Thermo Scientific – Mitsubishi combustion IC system.
Upstream Sector
Sample*Thermo Scientific ASTM
ASTM Reproducibility
N% value Robust Mean N% These Test Data
1 0.675 0.6685 0.0604
2 0.700 0.7088 0.0471
3 0.576 0.5790 0.0604
4 0.760 0.7916 0.0634
5 0.522 0.5272 0.0518
6 0.774 0.7937 0.0460
7 0.608 0.6516 0.0601
8 0.707 0.7166 0.0363
9 0.791 0.7923 0.0723
10 0.786 0.7843 0.0740
11 0.716 0.7182 0.0515
12 0.788 0.7738 0.0596
13 0.643 0.6466 0.0537
14 0.687 0.7079 0.0712
15 0.784 0.7875 0.0607
16 0.929 0.9431 0.0618
Nitrogen in Crude Oil Samples Fluoride in LPG
Learn more
Combustion Ion Chromatography with a Dionex Integrion HPIC System technical note*Characterization of lubricants and oils by the Thermo Scientific FlashSmart Elemental Analyzer
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream Sector Nitrogen and Fluoride
SIMDIS of Crude
Midstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Upstream Sector
Results show the boiling point range distribution of petroleum fractions using a TRACE
1310 Gas Chromatograph. The chromatogram shows analysis of crude oil by ASTM
D7169. The report at the right shows the percent of material at specific boiling points
SIMDIS of Crude Oil
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 44.7
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream Sector Nitrogen and Fluoride
SIMDIS of Crude
Midstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
The midstream process involves the transportation, storage, and custody transfer of
crude and refined petroleum products. Pipelines and other transport systems are used to
move crude oil from production sites to refineries and deliver the various refined products
to downstream distributors.
NG, NGL Analyzer
Combustion IC
ICP-OES
Midstream SectorTable of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream Sector BTU of NGLs and NGs
Refinery Gas
Liquid Samples
Downstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Determining BTU Content of NGLs
Determination of the calorific value of natural gas liquids (NGL) by a TRACE 1300 Gas
Chromatograph with thermal conductivity detection by GPA Method 2177.
Midstream Sector
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 -17.9-12.5
0.0
12.5
25.0
37.5
50.0
62.5
80.1
Minutes
mV
6.23
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00-0.37
mV
0.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.2Minutes
Met
hane
Etha
ne
Prop
ane
i-But
ane
n-Bu
tane
i-Pen
tane
n-Pe
ntan
e
2,2-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
2-M
ethy
lpen
tane
3-M
ethy
lpen
tane
n-He
xane
Met
hylcy
clope
ntan
e
Benz
ene
n-He
ptan
e
Tolu
ene
n-Oc
tane
n-No
nane
n-De
cane
2,3-
Dim
ethy
lbut
ane
Determining BTU Content of NGs
Determination of calorific value of natural gas (NG) by a TRACE 1300
Gas Chromatograph with FID Detection by GPA Method 2286.
Learn moreNatural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2177 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2261 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2186 Natural Gas Analyzer for GPA 2286
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream Sector BTU of NGLs and NGs
Refinery Gas
Liquid Samples
Downstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Three-channel systems provide a quantitative determination of hydrogen, permanent
gases – CO2, H2S, and hydrocarbons C1-C8 in refinery process gases, LPG gases, and
mixtures of propane and propene (excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1-C5)
using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.
Midstream SectorRefinery Gas Analysis
Representative chromatograms
Hydrogen Channel Permanent Gas Channel with H2S Light Hydrocarbon Channel
0.95 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
1. Carbon Dioxide - 1.0872. Methane-Porous Polymer - 1.3003. Ethane - 1.4504. Hydrogen Sulfide - 2.5525. Oxygen - 5.1856. Nitrogen - 5.5057. Methane-MolSieve - 6.0928. Carbone Monoxide - 7.037
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
0.6 1.0 2.0
1 - 0.697
Hydrogen - 0.8
1. Hexane+ - 2.895 2. Methane - 3.367 3. Ethane - 3.632 4. Ethylene - 3.973 5. Propane - 4.785 6. Propylene - 6.663 7. i-Butane - 7.522 8. n-Butane - 7.955 9. t-2-Butene - 9.97310. Butene-1 - 10.20711. Isobutylene - 10.54312. c-2-Butene - 10.86513. i-Pentane - 11.44314. n-Pentane - 11.81315. 1,3-Butadiene - 12.368
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
910
1112
13 14 15
2.3 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
Learn moreGC Analyzers for the Hydrocarbon Processing Industry GC Analyzers Refinery Gas Analyzers
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream Sector BTU of NGLs and NGs
Refinery Gas
Liquid Samples
Downstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
100 ppm standard 20 oxygenates in LPG
8.4 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 20.6
1
1. DME - 8.9252. DEE - 11.1783. AA - 11.4174. ETBE - 12.2475. MTBE - 12.3726. DIPE - 12.4987. PA - 12.9458. TAME - 13.3929. PE - 13.520
10. IBA - 13.85011. BA - 14.41012. MeOH - 15.15013. Acetone - 15.25714. VA - 16.09815. MEK - 16.50316. Ethanol - 16.91017. i-Propanol + n-Propanol - 18.24018. Allyl Alcohol - 18.70019. i-Butanol + t-Butanol - 19.30320. n-Butanol - 19.760
2
4
5
8
10
13 14
15
16
17
19
2018
12
11
9
7
6
3
Liquid streams in a refinery process require analysis by gas chromatography. BTEX in
gasoline, SIMDIS of crude oil and semi-finished products, DHA, and oxygenates are a
few examples. ASTM D2/D3 provide numerous methods describing these analyses,
like ASTM D7423 oxygenates in light hydrocarbons shown below
GC Analyzers for Liquid Samples
Midstream Sector
Learn moreGC Analyzers ASTM D7423 Analyzer
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream Sector BTU of NGLs and NGs
Refinery Gas
Liquid Samples
Downstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
The downstream process refers to the refining of crude oil into petroleum products by
distillation according to their boiling points. These products include the following;
Light distillates; LPG C3-C4, gasoline (C3-C12), naphtha (C6-14)
Middle distillates; kerosene, diesel (C9-C16), jet fuel (C9-C17)
Heavy distillates; lubricating oil (C20+)
GC, GC-MS
ICP-OES
IC
HPLC
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
SIMDIS is used to determine the boiling point range of refined product. The chro-
matogram shows the composition of gasoline with ethanol by ASTM D7096 simulated
distillation with a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.
Analysis of corrosive oxygenates in LPG and other light hydrocarbons samples following
ASTM D7423 using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph.
SIMDIS of Gasoline with Ethanol Oxygenates in Light HC Samples
7.8 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 4.8
10.0
20.0
33.1
1-DM
E
2-DE
E
3-AA
4-ET
BE
5-M
TBE
6-DI
PE
7-PA
8-TA
ME
9-PE
10-IB
A
11-B
A
12-M
eOH
13 -
Ace
tone
16-V
A
17 -
MEK
18 -
Eth
anol
19 -
i-Pr
opan
ol+
n-Pr
opan
ol
20-A
llyl A
lcoho
l
21-i-
Buta
nol+
t-But
anol
22-n
-But
anol
Minutes
pA
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 -100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600 ethanol
iso-pentane
n-C5
2-methylpentane
n-C6
2,4-dimethylpentane
n-C7
toluene
n-C8
p-xylene
n-propylbenzene
n-C10
n-butylbenzene
n-C11
n-C12 n-C13
n-C14 n-C15 n-C16
Minutes
pA
Learn moreReverse Flow Split/Splitless Injector: Simplification of ASTM D3606 and D4815 Methods
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
Results from the analysis of nitrogen show excellent reproducibility of lubricants with
helium and argon gases by ASTM D5291 with the Thermo Scientific™ FLASH™ 2000
Organic Elemental Analyzer. There were no observable matrix effects when changing
lubricant samples.
Nitrogen Reproducibility of Lubricants
Sample Helium Carrier Gas Argon Carrier Gas
Number N%Average
N%RSD
%N% Average N% RSD %
0.436 0.454
1 0.4400.436 0.437 0.52 0.455
0.457 0.455 0.34
0.470 0.495
2 0.4790.473 0.474 0.95 0.489
0.506 0.497 1.74
0.520 0.529
3 0.5240.520 0.521 0.43 0.522
0.526 0.526 0.67
0.186 0.191
4 0.1890.189 0.188 0.92 0.195
0.195 0.194 1.19
0.147 0.148
5 0.1470.144 0.146 1.19 0.148
0.153 0.152 2.18
0.640 0.645
6 0.6350.645 0.640 0.80 0.648
0.658 0.65 1.05
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
Results from the analysis of spiked naphtha are within acceptable limits of ±5% of the
true values using Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ 7600 ICP-OES. A cooled spray chamber
reduces the volatility of the solvent, providing a more stable plasma for detecting trace
elements at single digit ppb levels in complex matrices.
Trace Element Analysis in Naphtha
Element and Wavelength
(nm)
Spike Concentration mg kg-1
Measured Spike Concentration mg kg-1
Spike Recovery %RSD on Three
Replicates of the Spike %
MDL µg kg-1
Ag 328.068 2.34 2.44 104 1.36 3.4
Al 396.152 2.34 2.46 105 1.20 7.9
As 189.042 2.37 2.39 101 0.25 7.4
B 208.893 2.34 2.44 104 0.58 13
Ba 455.403 2.34 2.40 103 0.86 0.2
Ca 393.366 2.34 2.44 104 0.33 0.1
Cd 228.802 2.34 2.37 101 0.28 0.6
Cr 267.716 2.34 2.34 100 0.57 1.0
Cu 324.754 2.34 2.44 104 1.15 1.3
Fe 259.940 2.34 2.34 100 0.35 1.9
Hg 184.950 2.36 2.38 101 0.44 2.7
Mg 279.553 2.34 2.39 102 0.22 0.04
Mn 257.610 2.34 2.34 100 0.38 0.3
Mo 202.030 2.34 2.35 100 0.19 2.7
Na 589.592 2.34 2.43 104 1.43 10
Ni 221.647 2.34 2.30 98 0.32 1.6
P 178.284 2.34 2.36 101 0.19 11
Pb 220.353 2.34 2.27 97 0.12 7.6
Si 212.412 2.34 2.39 102 0.46 8.0
Sn 189.989 2.34 2.27 97 0.92 8.1
Ti 334.941 2.34 2.37 101 0.40 0.4
V 309.311 2.34 2.37 101 0.39 1.0
Zn 213.856 2.34 2.35 100 0.01 0.4
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
Analysis of aromatics (used to boost octane levels in gasoline) is shown with backflush
(right) and without backflush (left) using a TRACE 1310 Gas Chromatograph. In the right
chromatogram the heavier matrix components are eliminated, leaving the column and
detector cleaner.
Benzene and Toluene in Gasoline
Minutes Minutes
micr
oVol
ts
micr
oVol
ts
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
00 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Learn moreSimplication of the ASTM D3606 Method for the Determination for Benzene and Toluene in Gasoline
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
Results from a new IC method shows determination of acetic acid and formic acid in
diesel containing 2% motor oil. (A) original sample (B) sample spiked with 10 mg/L of
each organic acid (an offset of 20% was applied). Mixtures with up to 10% oil content,
compatible with the Dionex Integrion HPIC system, showed no impact on the analytical
performance, or method stability.
Acetic Acid and Formic Acid in Diesel Motor Oil
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
t (min)
Formic Acid
AceticAcid
(A)
(B)
κ (µ
S/c
m)
Learn moreCAN 72204: Determination of Formic and Acetic Acids in Petroleum Products
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IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Downstream Sector
LIMS can be integrated across the organization including lab instruments and applications
as well as enterprise systems and systems
Lab Data Management, Analysis, and Reporting
Learn moreSampleManager LIMS Software SolutionsImplementation of Thermo Scientific SampleManager LIMS at Sinopec GuangzhouThe Real Benefits of Standardizing on a Single LIMS in the Gas and Petroleum IndustryThermo Scientific Integrated Information Informatics Solutions for the Oil and Gas Industry
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector SIMDIS and Oxygenates
Lubricants
TEA in Naphtha
Aromatics in Gas
Organic acids
LIMS
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water Processes
Industrial water processes refer to preventative maintenance applications that keep a
refinery operational. Alkaline scrubber solutions are used to neutralize corrosive acids
such as H2S formed during distillation that left untreated can damage equipment and
release toxic gases into the air. Boiler and cooling water, used to control the distillation
temperature, are treated with amines to neutralize acidic steam condensate.
IC
GC, GC-MS
ICP-OES
Lab Data Management, Analysis, and Reporting
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water Processes
Gradient separation of an aged refinery scrubber solution at a 1:1000 dilution. Resutls
show clear resolution of corrosive anions, organic acids, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate using
a Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ AS25A column and Dionex Integrion IC system
in less than 30 minutes.
Heat Stable Salts (HSS) in Scrubber Solutions
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.00.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
12
3
4
5
6
7
89
10
11
12
13 14
15
min
µS
2017.11.14 new AS25A column #100 [manually integrated] CD_1_Total
Peak Peak Name1 Fluoride2 Propionate3 Formate4 Chloride5 Nitrite6 Bromide7 Nitrate8 Carbonate9 Sulfite10 Sulfate11 Oxalate12 Iodide13 Thiosulfate14 Phosphate15 Thiocyanate
Learn moreSeparation of HSS in MDEA Solutions Using HPICUsing ion chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of cations and amines in alkanolamine scrubbing solutions
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water Processes
Separation of a simulated solution of common cations and protonated amines used to
neutralize the build-up of acidic byproducts and prevent expensive equipment damage
using an Dionex Integrion IC System.
Amines in Boiler & Cooling Water by IC
1. Lithium2. Sodium 3. Ammonium4. Ethanolamine5. Potassium6. Diethanolamine7. Triethanolamine8. N-Methyldiethanolamine
2
µS
0
520 201510 035Minutes
1 23
4 56
7 8
Peaks: 0.25 mg/L1.02.02.01.01010010
Learn moreDetermination of Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine in Surface Finishing, Wastewater and Scrubber Solutions
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water Processes
Determination of inorganic anions in A) industrial wastewater and
B) spiked industrial wastewater using a Dionex IonPac AS4A-SC column.
Amines in Refinery Waste Water
Learn moreDetermination of Inorganic Anions in Wastewater by Ion Chromatography
Column: Dionex IonPac AG4A-SC, Dionex IonPac AS4A-SCEluent: 1.8 mM Sodium carbonate/ 1.7 mM Sodium bicarbonateFlow Rate: 2.0 mL/minInjection: 50 µLDetection: Suppressed conductivity Dionex ASRS ULTRA suppressor, AutoSuppression recycle modePeaks: A B 1. Fluoride 0.04 0.92 mg/L (ppm) 2. Chloride 20.0 40.2 3. Nitrite — 1.96 4. Bromide — 1.84 5. Nitrate — 4.81 6. o-Phosphate — 19.8 7. Sulfate 12.1 54.6
A
B
15783
0 2 4 6 8 10
30
S
0
0 2 4 6 8 10Minutes
30
S
0
54
3
7
2
1 6
7
2
1
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Industrial Water Processes
An overlay of chromatograms of unspiked and spiked wastewater containing AOX by
CIC using a Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ AS18-4µm column and a Dionex
Integrion IC System.
Adsorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) in Waste WaterColumns: Dionex IonPac AG18-4μm Guard Column, 4 × 30 mm Dionex IonPac AS18-4μm Analytical Column, 4 × 150 mm Eluent: 30 mM KOH Eluent Source: Dionex EGC 500 KOH cartridge with CR-ATC 600Temperature: 30 ˚CFlow Rate: 1 mL/minInjection Volume: 100 µL Detection: Dionex AERS 500 suppressor, 4 mm, recycle mode, 75 mA
Peaks (A): 1. Fluoride 0.0425 mg/L 2. Chloride 1.90 3. Bromide 0.340
Peaks (B): 1. Fluoride 0.543 mg/L 2. Chloride 3.92 3. Bromide 0.908
-50
µS
50
8642 10
1 3
2
0
B
A
Minutes
Learn moreDetermination of Adsorbable Organic Halogen in Wastewater Using a Combustion IC
Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas WorkflowIndustrial Water Process Workflow
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling WaterAmines in Refinery Waste Water AOX in Waste Water
References
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Table of Contents
IntroductionPetroleum & Natural Gas
Industrial Water Process
Oil and Gas Analytical TechnologiesICP-OES and OEA Analyzers Natural Gas AnalyzersIC, CICLab Data Management Software
Petroleum and Natural Gas ProcessUpstream SectorMidstream SectorDownstream Sector
Industrial Water ProcessesHSS in Scrubber SolutionsAmines in Boiler & Cooling Water
Water AOX in Waste Water
References
Additional Resources